JP2001527601A - レーザーによる表面改質 - Google Patents

レーザーによる表面改質

Info

Publication number
JP2001527601A
JP2001527601A JP52620297A JP52620297A JP2001527601A JP 2001527601 A JP2001527601 A JP 2001527601A JP 52620297 A JP52620297 A JP 52620297A JP 52620297 A JP52620297 A JP 52620297A JP 2001527601 A JP2001527601 A JP 2001527601A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
laser
substrate
alloy
alloyed
metal part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
JP52620297A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2001527601A5 (https=
Inventor
マッケイ，サーマン・ドウェイン
マッケイ，メアリー・ヘレン
ダホター，ナレンドラ・ビー
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
THE UNIVERSITY OFTENNESSEE RESEARCH CORPORATION
Original Assignee
THE UNIVERSITY OFTENNESSEE RESEARCH CORPORATION
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by THE UNIVERSITY OFTENNESSEE RESEARCH CORPORATION filed Critical THE UNIVERSITY OFTENNESSEE RESEARCH CORPORATION
Publication of JP2001527601A publication Critical patent/JP2001527601A/ja
Publication of JP2001527601A5 publication Critical patent/JP2001527601A5/ja
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/034—Observing the temperature of the workpiece
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
    • B23K2103/52—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
JP52620297A 1996-01-15 1997-01-15 レーザーによる表面改質 Abandoned JP2001527601A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58755396A 1996-01-15 1996-01-15
US08/587,553 1996-01-15
US67928296A 1996-07-12 1996-07-12
US08/679,282 1996-07-12
PCT/US1997/000753 WO1997026388A2 (en) 1996-01-15 1997-01-15 Laser induced surfaces

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2001527601A true JP2001527601A (ja) 2001-12-25
JP2001527601A5 JP2001527601A5 (https=) 2004-11-11

Family

ID=27080072

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP52620297A Abandoned JP2001527601A (ja) 1996-01-15 1997-01-15 レーザーによる表面改質

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0956378B1 (https=)
JP (1) JP2001527601A (https=)
KR (1) KR100319962B1 (https=)
CN (1) CN1087353C (https=)
AU (1) AU735712B2 (https=)
BR (1) BR9706988A (https=)
CA (1) CA2241316A1 (https=)
CZ (1) CZ215398A3 (https=)
DE (1) DE69720531T2 (https=)
EA (1) EA001503B1 (https=)
IL (1) IL124985A (https=)
WO (1) WO1997026388A2 (https=)

Cited By (13)

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JP2007152434A (ja) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-21 General Electric Co <Ge> 飛行時間監視を用いるレーザショックピーニングシステム
JP2007169754A (ja) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Muneharu Kutsuna 表面処理方法、レーザ吸収粉体層シート及びレーザピーニング用粉体スプレー
JP2007169753A (ja) * 2005-12-26 2007-07-05 Muneharu Kutsuna レーザピーニング処理方法及びレーザ吸収粉体層シート
WO2007132587A1 (ja) * 2006-05-16 2007-11-22 Yanmar Co., Ltd. 金属部材の表面硬化方法及びその表面硬化方法を適用して製造したピストン、シリンダヘッド、シリンダブロック及びその製造方法
WO2008090662A1 (ja) * 2007-01-26 2008-07-31 Ltt Bio-Pharma Co., Ltd. 金属の表面処理方法
JP2009079590A (ja) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-16 Snecma タービン要素の回復方法
JP2010065253A (ja) * 2008-09-09 2010-03-25 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd プラズマ衝撃波を用いたコーティング方法
JP2010185098A (ja) * 2009-02-10 2010-08-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 鉄系材料および鉄系材料の表面処理方法
JP2012523495A (ja) * 2009-04-09 2012-10-04 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト 超合金構成部材を改良することによって製造する方法及び超合金構成部材
JP2013533475A (ja) * 2010-06-14 2013-08-22 ザ・リージェンツ・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・ミシガン 材料の相変態によって生成される微細構造のｉｎｓｉｔｕ特定および制御
JP2019157143A (ja) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-19 トヨタ紡織株式会社 局所強化部品の製造方法、及び局所強化部品
JP2022083439A (ja) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-03 コリア アトミック エナジー リサーチ インスティチュート 金属コーティング方法、それにより形成されたコーティング層を含む金属部材及び燃料電池分離板
JP2024511722A (ja) * 2021-03-05 2024-03-15 ウニベルシダーデ、デ、ヴィーゴ レーザビームによる被処理対象である材料または物品に対する制御型腐食誘導のための方法

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DE59710348D1 (de) 1997-11-06 2003-07-31 Sulzer Markets & Technology Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer keramischen Schicht auf einem metallischen Grundwerkstoff
WO2000023718A1 (de) * 1998-10-21 2000-04-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur beschichtung der lauffläche eines lagerbauteils und lagerbauteil
DE10124250C2 (de) * 2001-05-18 2003-03-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zur Bildung einer hochfesten und verschleißbeständigen Verbundschicht
DE102005059544A1 (de) * 2005-12-13 2007-06-14 Ecka Granulate Gmbh & Co. Kg Sn-haltige hochbelastbare Materialzusammensetzung; Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hochbelastbaren Beschichtung und deren Verwendung
US7458358B2 (en) * 2006-05-10 2008-12-02 Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. Thermal oxidation protective surface for steel pistons
DE102007012845A1 (de) * 2007-03-17 2008-09-18 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh Erzeugung eines partiellen Faserverbundgefüges in einem Bauteil über eine Laserumschmelzbehandlung
DE102007026265B4 (de) * 2007-06-05 2014-04-10 Gerhard Präzisionspresstechnik GmbH Kohlebürste
DE102011000984A1 (de) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-06 Rasselstein Gmbh Verfahren zum Veredeln einer metallischen Beschichtung auf einem Stahlband
US20130140286A1 (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-06 Herbert Chidsey Roberts, III Systems and methods for internal cavity formation using laser manipulation
CN103900999B (zh) * 2014-03-25 2016-06-22 钢研纳克检测技术有限公司 激光诱导光谱测量钢件渗碳层的分析方法
KR101694324B1 (ko) * 2015-12-18 2017-01-10 한국생산기술연구원 전자빔을 이용한 표면 열처리 방법
KR20170076847A (ko) * 2015-12-24 2017-07-05 주식회사 포스코 강판의 표면처리 장치 및 표면처리 방법
CN105665709B (zh) * 2016-01-22 2018-11-13 吉林大学 一种钢/铝异种金属零件激光沉积增材制造方法
RU2619543C1 (ru) * 2016-05-13 2017-05-16 ФАНО России Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт сильноточной электроники Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИСЭ СО РАН) Способ импульсного электронно-пучкового полирования поверхности металлических изделий
GB201609086D0 (en) * 2016-05-20 2016-07-06 Spi Lasers Uk Ltd Method for creating a mark with a desired colour on an article
WO2019208270A1 (ja) 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 株式会社Ihi 補修用レーザ溶接方法及び補修用レーザ溶接装置
RU2691154C1 (ru) * 2018-11-08 2019-06-11 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") Способ формирования коррозионно-устойчивого слоя на поверхности магниевых деформируемых сплавов
RU2726233C1 (ru) * 2019-04-05 2020-07-10 Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Научно-Производственное Объединение "Упрочнение Твердых Сплавов" Способ повышения физико-механических свойств инструментальных материалов методом объемного импульсного лазерного упрочнения
CN110029344B (zh) * 2019-04-24 2022-05-10 成都航空职业技术学院 一种激光熔注强化7075铝合金表面的方法
CN110396617B (zh) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-26 深圳市华乐珠宝首饰有限公司 一种白色金合金及其制备方法
CN112226816B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2022-04-19 北京科技大学 两步高通量法外延生长第二代镍基单晶高温合金的方法
DE102021004220B4 (de) 2021-08-12 2023-12-14 Hochschule Mittweida (FH), Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Verwendung eines im Burst-Modus betriebenen Lasers und Verfahren zur oberflächlichen Ausbildung einer Legierung und/oder eines Gemenges und/oder einer Dotierung
KR20250016966A (ko) 2023-07-26 2025-02-04 (주)로파 Tpu 접착을 위한 금형 레이저 표면처리 장치
EP4578576A1 (en) * 2023-12-29 2025-07-02 Fundación Azterlan Method for preparing a stainless steel additive coating

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WO2007132587A1 (ja) * 2006-05-16 2007-11-22 Yanmar Co., Ltd. 金属部材の表面硬化方法及びその表面硬化方法を適用して製造したピストン、シリンダヘッド、シリンダブロック及びその製造方法
JP2007308736A (ja) * 2006-05-16 2007-11-29 Yanmar Co Ltd 金属部材の表面硬化方法及びその表面硬化方法を適用して製造したピストン、シリンダヘッド、シリンダブロック及びその製造方法
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JP2013533475A (ja) * 2010-06-14 2013-08-22 ザ・リージェンツ・オブ・ザ・ユニバーシティ・オブ・ミシガン 材料の相変態によって生成される微細構造のｉｎｓｉｔｕ特定および制御
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EP0956378B1 (en) 2003-04-02
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CA2241316A1 (en) 1997-07-24
CN1218517A (zh) 1999-06-02
WO1997026388A2 (en) 1997-07-24
AU2243497A (en) 1997-08-11
IL124985A (en) 2001-10-31
HK1020586A1 (en) 2000-05-12
BR9706988A (pt) 2000-03-08
AU735712B2 (en) 2001-07-12
KR100319962B1 (ko) 2002-02-19
EP0956378A1 (en) 1999-11-17
DE69720531D1 (de) 2003-05-08
CN1087353C (zh) 2002-07-10
KR19990077250A (ko) 1999-10-25
IL124985A0 (en) 1999-01-26

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