HRP20210786T1 - Obloga za metalurške posude sa zatvoreniim metalnim slojem - Google Patents
Obloga za metalurške posude sa zatvoreniim metalnim slojem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- HRP20210786T1 HRP20210786T1 HRP20210786TT HRP20210786T HRP20210786T1 HR P20210786 T1 HRP20210786 T1 HR P20210786T1 HR P20210786T T HRP20210786T T HR P20210786TT HR P20210786 T HRP20210786 T HR P20210786T HR P20210786 T1 HRP20210786 T1 HR P20210786T1
- Authority
- HR
- Croatia
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- main surface
- metal component
- cover
- value
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/04—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for protection of the casting, e.g. against decarbonisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D5/0068—Containers
- F27D2005/0075—Pots, e.g. slag pots, ladles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
- F27D2005/0081—Details
- F27D2005/0087—Means to prevent the adherence of the charge
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Claims (12)
1. Obložna konstrukcija (30) za vatrostalnu posudu, naznačena time, da sadržava
a) prvi sloj (34) koji ima prvu glavnu površinu (36) prvog sloja i drugu glavnu površinu prvog sloja (38) raspoređenu nasuprot prve glavne površine prvog sloja (36) i
b) drugi sloj (42) koji ima prvu glavnu površinu drugog sloja (44) i drugu glavnu površinu drugog sloja (46) nasuprot prvoj glavnoj površini drugog sloja (44);
pri čemu je druga glavna površina prvog sloja (38) u dodiru s prvom glavnom površinom drugog sloja (44); i
c) neperforirani treći sloj (50) koji ima prvu glavnu površinu trećeg sloja (52) u dodiru s drugom glavnom površinom drugog sloja (46),
pri čemu drugi sloj (42) sadržava metalnu komponentu (64) koja ima glavnu površinu uz prvu glavnu površinu trećeg sloja (52) i
d) najmanje jedna potpornu strukturu (68) koja se proteže od prvog sloja (34) kroz drugi sloj (42) do trećeg sloja (50);
pri čemu zbroj površina presjeka najmanje jedne potporne konstrukcije (68) koja prolazi kroz komponentu (64) ima vrijednost od uključujući 0,1 % do i uključujući 10 % površine drugog sloja prve glavne površine (52),
pri čemu prvi sloj (34) sadržava materijal odabran iz skupine koju čine magnezijev oksid, glinica, cirkonijev oksid, mulit i kombinacija bilo kojeg od ovih materijala, pri čemu drugi sloj (42) sadržava materijal odabran iz skupine koju čine čelik, aluminij, legure i njihove kombinacije, a pri čemu treći sloj (50) sadržava materijal odabran iz skupine koju čine magnezijev oksid, glinica, cirkonij, mulit i kombinacija bilo kojeg od ovih materijala.
2. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da površina metalne komponente (64) uz prvu glavnu površinu (52) trećeg sloja ima vrijednost od i uključujući 50 % do i uključujući 99 % površine prve glavne površine trećeg sloja (52).
3. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 2, naznačena time, da površina metalne komponente (64) uz prvu glavnu površinu (52) trećeg sloja ima vrijednost od i uključujući 50 % do i uključujući 95 % površine prve glavne površine trećeg sloja (52).
4. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da površina metalne komponente (64) uz prvu glavnu površinu (52) trećeg sloja ima vrijednost od 80 % do i uključujući 99 % površine prve glavne površine trećeg sloja (52).
5. Obložna struktura (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da prvi sloj obloge (34) sadržava glinicu.
6. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da treći sloj obloge (50) sadržava magnezijev oksid.
7. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da metalna komponenta (64) sadržava prolaze između prve glavne površine drugog sloja (44) i druge glavne površine drugog sloja (46).
8. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 7, naznačena time, da zbroj površina presjeka prolaza u metalnoj komponenti (64) ima vrijednost od i uključujući 1 % do i uključujući 30 % površine prve glavne površine drugog sloja (44).
9. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da prvi sloj (34) ima debljinu u rasponu od i uključujući 1 mm do i uključujući 50 mm.
10. Obložna konstrukcija (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1, naznačena time, da drugi sloj (42) ima debljinu u rasponu od i uključujući 0,01 mm do i uključujući 50 mm.
11. Metalurška posuda koja ima unutrašnjost i vanjštinu, naznačena time, da unutrašnjost metalurške posude sadržava strukturu obloge (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1.
12. Postupak za minimiziranje oksidacije rastopljenog metala, naznačen time, da obuhvaća:
a) prenošenje rastopljenog metala u posudu s obložnom strukturom (30) u skladu s patentnim zahtjevom 1 i
b) prijenos rastopljenog metala iz posude.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662378706P | 2016-08-24 | 2016-08-24 | |
| EP17844147.3A EP3504498B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-16 | Metallurgical vessel lining with enclosed metal layer |
| PCT/US2017/047049 WO2018038983A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2017-08-16 | Metallurgical vessel lining with enclosed metal layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| HRP20210786T1 true HRP20210786T1 (hr) | 2021-06-25 |
Family
ID=61245248
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| HRP20210786TT HRP20210786T1 (hr) | 2016-08-24 | 2021-05-17 | Obloga za metalurške posude sa zatvoreniim metalnim slojem |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10989473B2 (hr) |
| EP (1) | EP3504498B1 (hr) |
| JP (1) | JP6951424B2 (hr) |
| KR (1) | KR102314058B1 (hr) |
| CN (1) | CN109690218B (hr) |
| AR (1) | AR109392A1 (hr) |
| BR (1) | BR112019002021B1 (hr) |
| CA (1) | CA3033121C (hr) |
| CL (1) | CL2019000457A1 (hr) |
| EA (1) | EA201990532A1 (hr) |
| ES (1) | ES2872011T3 (hr) |
| HR (1) | HRP20210786T1 (hr) |
| HU (1) | HUE054218T2 (hr) |
| MX (1) | MX2019002179A (hr) |
| PL (1) | PL3504498T3 (hr) |
| PT (1) | PT3504498T (hr) |
| RS (1) | RS61832B1 (hr) |
| SI (1) | SI3504498T1 (hr) |
| TW (1) | TWI750205B (hr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018038983A1 (hr) |
Family Cites Families (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52104656U (hr) * | 1976-01-31 | 1977-08-09 | ||
| JPS5637903Y2 (hr) * | 1976-10-15 | 1981-09-04 | ||
| US4149705A (en) * | 1977-06-08 | 1979-04-17 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Foundry ladle and method of making the same |
| JPS6133744A (ja) * | 1984-07-25 | 1986-02-17 | Kobe Steel Ltd | タンデイツシユライニング構造 |
| FR2577471B1 (fr) * | 1985-02-15 | 1987-03-06 | Aerospatiale | Structure refractaire multicouche et paroi pourvue d'une telle structure refractaire |
| US5340088A (en) * | 1990-04-12 | 1994-08-23 | Veitscher Magnesitwerke-Actien-Gesellschaft | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels |
| GB9018205D0 (en) * | 1990-08-18 | 1990-10-03 | Foseco Int | Lining of metallurgical vessels |
| GB9216079D0 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1992-09-09 | Foseco Int | Lining of molten metal handling vessel |
| JPH09109327A (ja) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-04-28 | Nkk Corp | セラミックスと金属からなる耐熱部材 |
| JP3168173B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 2001-05-21 | トヨタ自動車北海道株式会社 | ラドル |
| JPH1147906A (ja) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-23 | Toshiba Mach Co Ltd | 耐食ハイブリッドレードル |
| US5997802A (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-12-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Directly susceptible, noncarbon metal ceramic composite crucible |
| JP3853085B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-10 | 2006-12-06 | トーカロ株式会社 | 溶融金属用容器およびその表面処理方法 |
| JP3615400B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2005-02-02 | 品川白煉瓦株式会社 | 不焼成炭素含有耐火物および溶融金属用容器 |
| JP2001317880A (ja) * | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐火物保護シート、耐火ライニング、及び耐火物構造体 |
| US6864199B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-03-08 | Allied Mineral Products, Inc. | Crack-resistant dry refractory |
| US6929984B2 (en) * | 2003-07-21 | 2005-08-16 | Micron Technology Inc. | Gettering using voids formed by surface transformation |
| JP2007268537A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Asahi Seiren Co Ltd | 溶融金属搬送容器 |
| JP2010242992A (ja) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-28 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐火物ライニング |
| CA2778440C (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2015-04-21 | Novelis Inc. | Method of forming sealed refractory joints in metal-containment vessels, and vessels containing sealed joints |
| JP5849562B2 (ja) * | 2010-11-15 | 2016-01-27 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 製鉄用容器の耐火物ライニング構造 |
| US8963058B2 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2015-02-24 | The Boeing Company | System and method of adjusting the equilibrium temperature of an inductively-heated susceptor |
| JP5768980B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-07 | 2015-08-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP5494898B1 (ja) * | 2012-05-30 | 2014-05-21 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | 溶融金属容器のライニング構造 |
| WO2014035480A1 (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-06 | General Electric Company | Induction furnace with uniform cooling capability |
| CN204018708U (zh) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-17 | 湖北鄂信钻石科技股份有限公司 | 一种预合金粉熔炼的中间包 |
| KR102412440B1 (ko) | 2015-03-24 | 2022-06-23 | 베수비우스 유에스에이 코포레이션 | 설정된 천공 구조를 갖는 야금 용기 라이닝 |
-
2017
- 2017-08-02 TW TW106126009A patent/TWI750205B/zh active
- 2017-08-16 PT PT178441473T patent/PT3504498T/pt unknown
- 2017-08-16 EA EA201990532A patent/EA201990532A1/ru unknown
- 2017-08-16 JP JP2019510954A patent/JP6951424B2/ja active Active
- 2017-08-16 WO PCT/US2017/047049 patent/WO2018038983A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2017-08-16 SI SI201730712T patent/SI3504498T1/sl unknown
- 2017-08-16 US US16/325,792 patent/US10989473B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-16 RS RS20210544A patent/RS61832B1/sr unknown
- 2017-08-16 ES ES17844147T patent/ES2872011T3/es active Active
- 2017-08-16 MX MX2019002179A patent/MX2019002179A/es unknown
- 2017-08-16 CN CN201780052191.8A patent/CN109690218B/zh active Active
- 2017-08-16 KR KR1020197008120A patent/KR102314058B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-16 BR BR112019002021-7A patent/BR112019002021B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2017-08-16 CA CA3033121A patent/CA3033121C/en active Active
- 2017-08-16 HU HUE17844147A patent/HUE054218T2/hu unknown
- 2017-08-16 EP EP17844147.3A patent/EP3504498B1/en active Active
- 2017-08-16 PL PL17844147T patent/PL3504498T3/pl unknown
- 2017-08-23 AR ARP170102329A patent/AR109392A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2019
- 2019-02-20 CL CL2019000457A patent/CL2019000457A1/es unknown
-
2021
- 2021-05-17 HR HRP20210786TT patent/HRP20210786T1/hr unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3033121A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
| EP3504498A4 (en) | 2020-01-15 |
| CN109690218A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
| HUE054218T2 (hu) | 2021-08-30 |
| CN109690218B (zh) | 2021-07-27 |
| ES2872011T3 (es) | 2021-11-02 |
| EA201990532A1 (ru) | 2019-07-31 |
| US20190212059A1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
| PT3504498T (pt) | 2021-05-07 |
| KR102314058B1 (ko) | 2021-10-18 |
| CL2019000457A1 (es) | 2019-08-09 |
| JP6951424B2 (ja) | 2021-10-20 |
| BR112019002021B1 (pt) | 2022-09-06 |
| RS61832B1 (sr) | 2021-06-30 |
| PL3504498T3 (pl) | 2021-12-06 |
| JP2019524454A (ja) | 2019-09-05 |
| US10989473B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| EP3504498B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
| BR112019002021A2 (pt) | 2019-05-14 |
| EP3504498A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
| MX2019002179A (es) | 2019-07-01 |
| SI3504498T1 (sl) | 2021-08-31 |
| TWI750205B (zh) | 2021-12-21 |
| WO2018038983A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
| AR109392A1 (es) | 2018-11-28 |
| TW201829093A (zh) | 2018-08-16 |
| CA3033121C (en) | 2020-11-10 |
| KR20190038927A (ko) | 2019-04-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. | Degradation mechanisms of alumina-chromia refractories for secondary copper smelter linings | |
| JP2016526657A (ja) | 多層冷却パネル及びアーク炉 | |
| AR103949A1 (es) | Estructura de revestimiento perforada con una determinada configuración para recipientes metalúrgicos | |
| HRP20210786T1 (hr) | Obloga za metalurške posude sa zatvoreniim metalnim slojem | |
| ES2856023T3 (es) | Placa de impacto, artesa de colada y aparato que incluye la placa de impacto, y procedimiento de uso de los mismos | |
| JP5494898B1 (ja) | 溶融金属容器のライニング構造 | |
| JP4506607B2 (ja) | 溶融金属収容容器 | |
| JP2021513498A (ja) | 耐火組成物および使用中に形成される耐酸化バリア層 | |
| ES2930082T3 (es) | Estructura de revestimiento refractario | |
| CA2581979A1 (en) | Metallurgical furnace | |
| KR880004873A (ko) | 연속주조주형 | |
| Teng | Refractory corrosion during steelmaking operations | |
| RU129027U1 (ru) | Огнеупорное фасонное изделие для выполнения верхнего кольца футеровки сталеразливочного ковша | |
| FI3891454T3 (fi) | Astia suoraan pelkistetyn raudan säilyttämiseksi | |
| US3163408A (en) | Furnace for working products such as glass | |
| JPS5964153A (ja) | 冷却式溶鋼流量制御用スライドバルブプレ−ト構造 | |
| Kathait | Heat loss in ladle furnace | |
| SA515360059B1 (ar) | قابس تطهير غاز خزفي مقاوم للحرارة وعملية لتصنيع قابس تطهير الغاز المذكور | |
| Yurkov | Refractories for the Metallurgy of Copper | |
| RU2571032C1 (ru) | Способ защиты стальных заготовок от окисления при нагреве перед обработкой давлением | |
| JP7232007B2 (ja) | 溶融金属用部材およびその製造方法 | |
| ES2261711T3 (es) | Cuerpo moldeado ceramico. | |
| Sharapova | Contemporary tendencies of using mullite-silica refractories in manufacturing structural materials | |
| JPS602615A (ja) | 精錬用ガス吹込みノズル | |
| TWM557742U (zh) | 高爐的傾流裝置 |