FI931842A - Elektrisk ledande pigment - Google Patents

Elektrisk ledande pigment Download PDF

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Publication number
FI931842A
FI931842A FI931842A FI931842A FI931842A FI 931842 A FI931842 A FI 931842A FI 931842 A FI931842 A FI 931842A FI 931842 A FI931842 A FI 931842A FI 931842 A FI931842 A FI 931842A
Authority
FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
ledande
elektrisk
pigment
ledande pigment
elektrisk ledande
Prior art date
Application number
FI931842A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FI931842A0 (fi
FI104833B (fi
Inventor
Johann Dietz
Klaus Franz
Gerhard Pfaff
Reiner Vogt
Katsuhisa Nitta
Original Assignee
Merck Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4213747A external-priority patent/DE4213747A1/de
Priority claimed from DE4243163A external-priority patent/DE4243163A1/de
Application filed by Merck Patent Gmbh filed Critical Merck Patent Gmbh
Publication of FI931842A0 publication Critical patent/FI931842A0/fi
Publication of FI931842A publication Critical patent/FI931842A/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FI104833B publication Critical patent/FI104833B/fi

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C09C3/063—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
    • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
    • C09C1/3045—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
    • C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
    • C09C1/3653—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
    • C09C1/405—Compounds of aluminium containing combined silica, e.g. mica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
    • C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
    • C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/40—Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating
    • C09C2200/401—Inorganic protective coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2220/00—Methods of preparing the interference pigments
    • C09C2220/10—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation
    • C09C2220/106—Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation comprising only a drying or calcination step of the finally coated pigment

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
FI931842A 1992-04-25 1993-04-23 Sähköä johtavia pigmenttejä, menetelmä niiden valmistamiseksi ja niiden käyttö FI104833B (fi)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4213747A DE4213747A1 (de) 1992-04-25 1992-04-25 Elektrisch leitfähige Pigmente
DE4213747 1992-04-25
DE4243163A DE4243163A1 (de) 1992-12-19 1992-12-19 Helles, leitfähiges Pigment
DE4243163 1992-12-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
FI931842A0 FI931842A0 (fi) 1993-04-23
FI931842A true FI931842A (fi) 1993-10-26
FI104833B FI104833B (fi) 2000-04-14

Family

ID=25914256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FI931842A FI104833B (fi) 1992-04-25 1993-04-23 Sähköä johtavia pigmenttejä, menetelmä niiden valmistamiseksi ja niiden käyttö

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5350448A (fi)
EP (1) EP0567868B1 (fi)
JP (1) JPH0625553A (fi)
KR (1) KR100266106B1 (fi)
CN (1) CN1058279C (fi)
CZ (1) CZ71793A3 (fi)
DE (1) DE59304334D1 (fi)
ES (1) ES2096796T3 (fi)
FI (1) FI104833B (fi)
TW (1) TW297040B (fi)

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DE4415802A1 (de) * 1994-05-05 1995-11-09 Merck Patent Gmbh Lasermarkierbare Kunststoffe
JPH0855181A (ja) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-27 Kansai Paint Co Ltd インビジブルマーキングの読取り法
DE4435301A1 (de) 1994-10-01 1996-04-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Leitfähige Pigmente
US5597515A (en) * 1995-09-27 1997-01-28 Kerr-Mcgee Corporation Conductive, powdered fluorine-doped titanium dioxide and method of preparation
US5736228A (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-04-07 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Direct print film and method for preparing same
US6132873A (en) * 1996-09-21 2000-10-17 Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Multilayered interference pigments
DE19647539A1 (de) * 1996-11-16 1998-05-20 Merck Patent Gmbh Leitfähige Pigmente
JP3337622B2 (ja) * 1997-07-16 2002-10-21 松下電器産業株式会社 選択的エッチング液及びそのエッチング液を用いた半導体装置の製造方法
WO1999023178A1 (de) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-14 Dynamit Nobel Kunststoff Gmbh Elektrisch leitfähige decklacke
EP0944097B1 (de) 1998-03-18 2003-10-15 MERCK PATENT GmbH Leitfähige Pigmente
US6114079A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Electrically-conductive layer for imaging element containing composite metal-containing particles
DE19817286A1 (de) * 1998-04-18 1999-10-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Mehrschichtiges Perlglanzpigment auf Basis eines opaken Substrates
US6395149B1 (en) 1998-06-30 2002-05-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making light colored, electrically conductive coated particles
US6143405A (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-11-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Light colored, electrically conductive coated particles and composites made therefrom
US6124083A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-09-26 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6025119A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-02-15 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element
CN1257896A (zh) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 默克专利股份有限公司 颜料混合物
US6369147B1 (en) * 1999-01-25 2002-04-09 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Color effect pigments and method of forming the same
US6077655A (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-06-20 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element containing electrically conductive polymer and modified gelatin
US6187522B1 (en) 1999-03-25 2001-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Scratch resistant antistatic layer for imaging elements
NZ520604A (en) 2000-02-16 2004-06-25 Sicpa Holding S Pigments having a viewing angle dependent shift of color, method for producing said pigments, use of said pigments in security applications, coating composition comprising said pigments and a detecting device
DE10051872C2 (de) 2000-10-19 2002-11-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Elektrisch leitfähige Pigmente und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US7163746B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2007-01-16 Eastman Kodak Company Conductive polymers on acicular substrates
EP1517950B1 (de) 2002-06-28 2010-08-04 Merck Patent GmbH Härtung und trocknung von lacksystemen und druckfarben
AU2005218733A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-15 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Laser-weldable which are transparently, translucently or opaquely dyed by means of colorants
DE102004010504B4 (de) * 2004-03-04 2006-05-04 Degussa Ag Hochtransparente lasermarkierbare und laserschweißbare Kunststoffmaterialien, deren Verwendung und Herstellung sowie Verwendung von Metallmischoxiden und Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung von Produktionsgütern
JP5584382B2 (ja) * 2004-05-17 2014-09-03 メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング 透明導電性顔料
US7704586B2 (en) * 2005-03-09 2010-04-27 Degussa Ag Plastic molded bodies having two-dimensional and three-dimensional image structures produced through laser subsurface engraving
US20060210798A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 Clemens Burda Doped metal oxide nanoparticles and methods for making and using same
DE102005061684A1 (de) 2005-12-21 2007-06-28 Eckart Gmbh & Co. Kg Weißes, IR-Strahlung reflektierendes Pigment, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102007021199B4 (de) * 2006-07-17 2016-02-11 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Zusammensetzungen aus organischem Polymer als Matrix und anorganischen Partikeln als Füllstoff, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung und damit hergestellte Formkörper
JP5168463B2 (ja) * 2007-11-06 2013-03-21 ブラザー工業株式会社 水系インクジェット記録用赤外吸収インク、インクジェット記録方法及びインクジェット記録装置
JP5131451B2 (ja) 2007-11-06 2013-01-30 ブラザー工業株式会社 インクジェット記録用インクセット、インクジェット記録方法及びインクジェット記録装置
US8298653B2 (en) 2008-09-17 2012-10-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Recording medium
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CN102040878B (zh) * 2010-10-19 2013-05-01 浙江大学 红外反射性骨料及其制备方法
WO2012124499A1 (ja) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 三井金属鉱業株式会社 塩素ドープ酸化スズ粒子及びその製造方法
DE102014008963A1 (de) 2014-06-23 2016-01-07 Merck Patent Gmbh Additiv für LDS-Kunststoffe
GB201703777D0 (en) * 2017-03-09 2017-04-26 Pilkington Group Ltd Conductive ink composition
FR3068981B1 (fr) 2017-07-11 2020-07-17 Seb S.A. Indicateur de temperature pour article culinaire
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JP2770409B2 (ja) * 1989-04-28 1998-07-02 ソニー株式会社 表示組成物、着色顔料および記録材
NL9000268A (nl) * 1990-02-05 1991-09-02 Oce Nederland Bv Gedoteerd tinoxidepoeder, een werkwijze voor zijn bereiding, en de toepassing ervan in elektrisch geleidende of antistatische bekledingen.
DE4006044A1 (de) * 1990-02-26 1991-08-29 Goldschmidt Ag Th Elektrisch leitfaehiges zinn-iv-oxid
JP3346584B2 (ja) * 1991-03-29 2002-11-18 三井金属鉱業株式会社 繊維状導電性フィラー及びその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5350448A (en) 1994-09-27
CZ71793A3 (en) 1993-12-15
TW297040B (fi) 1997-02-01
EP0567868B1 (de) 1996-10-30
FI931842A0 (fi) 1993-04-23
ES2096796T3 (es) 1997-03-16
JPH0625553A (ja) 1994-02-01
FI104833B (fi) 2000-04-14
CN1077729A (zh) 1993-10-27
KR100266106B1 (ko) 2000-09-15
DE59304334D1 (de) 1996-12-05
EP0567868A1 (de) 1993-11-03
CN1058279C (zh) 2000-11-08

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