FI64815C - Med elektrokatalytiskt oeverdrag foersedda cintrade elektroder - Google Patents
Med elektrokatalytiskt oeverdrag foersedda cintrade elektroder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI64815C FI64815C FI770937A FI770937A FI64815C FI 64815 C FI64815 C FI 64815C FI 770937 A FI770937 A FI 770937A FI 770937 A FI770937 A FI 770937A FI 64815 C FI64815 C FI 64815C
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- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- metal
- electrode
- metals
- molten
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 renium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical group O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KUGRPPRAQNPSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOO Chemical compound OOOOO KUGRPPRAQNPSQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]acetate;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].OCCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O YPFNIPKMNMDDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DTAFLBZLAZYRDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N OOOOOO Chemical compound OOOOOO DTAFLBZLAZYRDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007930 Oxalis acetosella Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910006644 SnIV Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/052—Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
- C25B11/069—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material consisting of at least one single element and at least one compound; consisting of two or more compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67227976A | 1976-03-31 | 1976-03-31 | |
| US67227976 | 1976-03-31 | ||
| US67346076A | 1976-04-05 | 1976-04-05 | |
| US67346076 | 1976-04-05 | ||
| US68127976A | 1976-04-28 | 1976-04-28 | |
| US68127976 | 1976-04-28 | ||
| US68694376A | 1976-05-17 | 1976-05-17 | |
| US68694376 | 1976-05-17 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI770937A7 FI770937A7 (enrdf_load_html_response) | 1977-10-01 |
| FI64815B FI64815B (fi) | 1983-09-30 |
| FI64815C true FI64815C (fi) | 1984-01-10 |
Family
ID=27505346
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI770937A FI64815C (fi) | 1976-03-31 | 1977-03-24 | Med elektrokatalytiskt oeverdrag foersedda cintrade elektroder |
| FI770938A FI61725C (fi) | 1976-03-31 | 1977-03-24 | Nya yttriumoxidelektroder och deras anvaendningssaett |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI770938A FI61725C (fi) | 1976-03-31 | 1977-03-24 | Nya yttriumoxidelektroder och deras anvaendningssaett |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS6025512B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| DD (1) | DD137365A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| DE (2) | DE2714488A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| DK (2) | DK155531C (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| FI (2) | FI64815C (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| FR (2) | FR2366380A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| IN (1) | IN144973B (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| MX (2) | MX146992A (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| NO (2) | NO146543C (enrdf_load_html_response) |
| SE (4) | SE430346B (enrdf_load_html_response) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD137365A5 (de) * | 1976-03-31 | 1979-08-29 | Diamond Shamrock Techn | Elektrode |
| US4075070A (en) * | 1976-06-09 | 1978-02-21 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrode material |
| US4214970A (en) * | 1979-01-15 | 1980-07-29 | Diamond Shamrock Technologies, S.A. | Novel electrocatalytic electrodes |
| US4329219A (en) * | 1979-10-29 | 1982-05-11 | Druzhinin Ernest A | Electrode for electrochemical processes |
| DE2944814A1 (de) * | 1979-11-06 | 1981-05-14 | Vladimir Borisovič Busse-Mačukas | Elektrode fuer elektrochemische prozesse |
| CA1159015A (en) * | 1979-12-06 | 1983-12-20 | Douglas J. Wheeler | Ceramic oxide electrodes for molten salt electrolysis |
| CA1181616A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1985-01-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Inert electrode compositions |
| CA1208601A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1986-07-29 | Diamond Chemicals Company | Electrode with lead base and method of making same |
| GB8301001D0 (en) * | 1983-01-14 | 1983-02-16 | Eltech Syst Ltd | Molten salt electrowinning method |
| FR2541691B1 (fr) * | 1983-02-25 | 1989-09-15 | Europ Composants Electron | Electrode pour bain electrolytique |
| EP0174413A1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-03-19 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Composite catalytic material particularly for electrolysis electrodes and method of manufacture |
| DE3613997A1 (de) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-10-29 | Sigri Gmbh | Anode fuer elektrolytische prozesse |
| JPS63199842A (ja) * | 1987-02-14 | 1988-08-18 | Toho Kinzoku Kk | 電極材料 |
| JPH0194117U (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1987-12-15 | 1989-06-21 | ||
| CA2061391C (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 2002-10-29 | Oronzio De Nora | Ceramic anode for oxygen evolution, method of production and use of the same |
| ITMI20010402A1 (it) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-08-28 | De Nora Elettrodi Spa | Nuova composizione elettrocatalitica per catodo depolarizzato ad ossigeno |
| JP2006077319A (ja) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-23 | Koji Hashimoto | 酸素発生型電極及びその製造方法 |
| GB0714021D0 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2007-08-29 | Green Metals Ltd | Improvements in anode materials |
| JP4907745B2 (ja) | 2010-04-26 | 2012-04-04 | パナソニック株式会社 | 二酸化炭素を還元する方法 |
| JP2017057426A (ja) * | 2015-09-14 | 2017-03-23 | Tdk株式会社 | 電解用電極の製造方法 |
| DE102020005130B3 (de) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-10 | Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kohlenstoffärmeren und kohlenstofffreien Elektroden-Wabenkörper-Werkstoffverbunden für den Einsatz in der Metallurgie |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR670245A (fr) * | 1928-03-01 | 1929-11-26 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Procédé pour la fabrication de masses compactes au moyen d'oxydes métalliques pulvérulents |
| NL266639A (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1960-07-05 | |||
| FR1284748A (fr) * | 1961-02-21 | 1962-02-16 | Poudres Metalliques Alliages Speciaux Ugine Carbone | Matériaux résistant à la corrosion à haute température |
| BE759874A (fr) * | 1969-12-05 | 1971-05-17 | Alusuisse | Anode pour l'electrolyse ignee d'oxydes metalliques |
| JPS5135395B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1972-09-25 | 1976-10-01 | ||
| JPS5135394B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1972-09-01 | 1976-10-01 | ||
| JPS5135190B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1972-04-29 | 1976-09-30 | ||
| JPS5135396B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1972-10-02 | 1976-10-01 | ||
| IT978528B (it) * | 1973-01-26 | 1974-09-20 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Elettrodi metallici e procedimen to per la loro attivazione |
| JPS49123481A (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-03-31 | 1974-11-26 | ||
| JPS5215273B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-04-04 | 1977-04-27 | ||
| JPS5215274B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-04-04 | 1977-04-27 | ||
| CH575014A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-04-30 | Alusuisse | |
| JPS5230151B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-06-30 | 1977-08-05 | ||
| CH587929A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-08-13 | 1977-05-13 | Alusuisse | |
| JPS5536074B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * | 1973-10-05 | 1980-09-18 | ||
| NO141419C (no) * | 1974-02-02 | 1980-03-05 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh | Elektrode for elektrokjemiske prosesser |
| FR2312573A1 (fr) * | 1975-05-30 | 1976-12-24 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Nouvelle electrode pour cellule d'electrolyse |
| JPS5234082A (en) * | 1975-09-12 | 1977-03-15 | Koei Chemical Co | Dyeing method of keratinic structured substance |
| DD137365A5 (de) * | 1976-03-31 | 1979-08-29 | Diamond Shamrock Techn | Elektrode |
-
1977
- 1977-03-21 DD DD77197949A patent/DD137365A5/xx unknown
- 1977-03-23 DK DK129077A patent/DK155531C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-23 DK DK128877A patent/DK155529C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-24 FI FI770937A patent/FI64815C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-24 FI FI770938A patent/FI61725C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-25 IN IN448/CAL/77A patent/IN144973B/en unknown
- 1977-03-29 JP JP52034083A patent/JPS6025512B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1977-03-29 JP JP52034082A patent/JPS6025511B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1977-03-30 NO NO771130A patent/NO146543C/no unknown
- 1977-03-30 FR FR7709598A patent/FR2366380A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-30 NO NO771131A patent/NO147490C/no unknown
- 1977-03-30 FR FR7709599A patent/FR2346468A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-03-31 MX MX168598A patent/MX146992A/es unknown
- 1977-03-31 SE SE7703731A patent/SE430346B/xx unknown
- 1977-03-31 MX MX168597A patent/MX144777A/es unknown
- 1977-03-31 SE SE7703732A patent/SE435736B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-03-31 DE DE19772714488 patent/DE2714488A1/de active Granted
- 1977-03-31 DE DE2714487A patent/DE2714487C3/de not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-07-10 SE SE8005075A patent/SE438165B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-07-10 SE SE8005076A patent/SE437679B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM | Patent lapsed | ||
| MM | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: PERMASCAND AB |