FI114923B - Pinnoituskoostumus, joka on käyttökelpoinen johtavien kerrosten muodostamiseen resistiivisille tai sähköä eristäville alustoille, ja koostumuksen käyttö - Google Patents
Pinnoituskoostumus, joka on käyttökelpoinen johtavien kerrosten muodostamiseen resistiivisille tai sähköä eristäville alustoille, ja koostumuksen käyttö Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FI114923B FI114923B FI955353A FI955353A FI114923B FI 114923 B FI114923 B FI 114923B FI 955353 A FI955353 A FI 955353A FI 955353 A FI955353 A FI 955353A FI 114923 B FI114923 B FI 114923B
- Authority
- FI
- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- coating composition
- weight
- composition according
- silver
- acid
- Prior art date
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- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CuO Inorganic materials [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Substances OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- NPKPKSNMIYBLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10,10-trimethylundec-5-yne-4,7-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C#CC(O)CC(C)C(C)(C)C NPKPKSNMIYBLFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002492 water-soluble polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)N(CO)C(=O)NC1=O SIQZJFKTROUNPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960005363 aluminium oxide Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#C NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002018 Aerosil® 300 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005692 JONCRYL® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000625836 Ochrolechia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOPSYYWDGDGSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] VOPSYYWDGDGSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001481 poly(stearyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/005—Electrodes
- H01G4/008—Selection of materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49866—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
- H01L23/49883—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
- H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
- H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
- H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/244—Finish plating of conductors, especially of copper conductors, e.g. for pads or lands
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33514694 | 1994-11-07 | ||
| US08/335,146 US5492653A (en) | 1994-11-07 | 1994-11-07 | Aqueous silver composition |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FI955353A0 FI955353A0 (fi) | 1995-11-07 |
| FI955353A FI955353A (fi) | 1996-05-08 |
| FI114923B true FI114923B (fi) | 2005-01-31 |
Family
ID=23310470
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI955353A FI114923B (fi) | 1994-11-07 | 1995-11-07 | Pinnoituskoostumus, joka on käyttökelpoinen johtavien kerrosten muodostamiseen resistiivisille tai sähköä eristäville alustoille, ja koostumuksen käyttö |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5492653A (xx) |
| EP (1) | EP0713930B1 (xx) |
| KR (1) | KR0174305B1 (xx) |
| CN (1) | CN1058741C (xx) |
| AT (1) | ATE164892T1 (xx) |
| DE (1) | DE69502004T2 (xx) |
| ES (1) | ES2115306T3 (xx) |
| FI (1) | FI114923B (xx) |
| HK (1) | HK1001465A1 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5492653A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-02-20 | Heraeus Incorporated | Aqueous silver composition |
| JPH0912385A (ja) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-01-14 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | メッキ用表面処理剤およびこれを付着した基材 |
| US5756008A (en) * | 1996-08-14 | 1998-05-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water cleanable silver composition |
| DE19638629C2 (de) * | 1996-09-20 | 2000-05-31 | Epcos Ag | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Grundschicht auf einen Keramikkörper |
| DE19647044A1 (de) * | 1996-11-14 | 1998-05-20 | Degussa | Paste für Einbrennschichten |
| DE19737685C2 (de) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-08-12 | Sonderhoff Ernst Fa | Abschirmdichtung |
| JP3422233B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-26 | 2003-06-30 | 株式会社村田製作所 | バイアホール用導電性ペースト、およびそれを用いた積層セラミック基板の製造方法 |
| US5855820A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-01-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water based thick film conductive compositions |
| DE19815291B4 (de) * | 1998-04-06 | 2006-05-24 | Ferro Gmbh | Beschichtungszusammensetzung zur Herstellung von elektrisch leitfähigen Schichten |
| JPH11329073A (ja) * | 1998-05-19 | 1999-11-30 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 導電ペースト及びそれを用いたセラミック電子部品 |
| US6576336B1 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2003-06-10 | Unitech Corporation, Llc | Electrically conductive and electromagnetic radiation absorptive coating compositions and the like |
| US7282260B2 (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2007-10-16 | Unitech, Llc | Electrically conductive and electromagnetic radiation absorptive coating compositions and the like |
| KR100339201B1 (ko) * | 2000-04-19 | 2002-05-31 | 안복현 | 도전성 페인트의 제조방법 및 도전성 페인트 조성물 |
| US6817088B1 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2004-11-16 | Watlow Electric Msg.C | Termination method for thick film resistance heater |
| US20050095410A1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2005-05-05 | Mazurkiewicz Paul H. | Board-level conformal EMI shield having an electrically-conductive polymer coating over a thermally-conductive dielectric coating |
| CN1310259C (zh) * | 2001-04-20 | 2007-04-11 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 电子元件的制造方法及其制造用材料 |
| US8178188B2 (en) * | 2001-04-20 | 2012-05-15 | Panasonic Corporation | Base layer for manufacturing an electronic component by an etching process |
| US6866799B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2005-03-15 | Anuvu, Inc. | Water-soluble electrically conductive composition, modifications, and applications thereof |
| US6945783B2 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2005-09-20 | The University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Interactive breast examination training model |
| KR20040033855A (ko) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-28 | 주식회사 이페이퍼텍 | 티슈제조방법 |
| JP3991218B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2007-10-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 導電性接着剤及びその製造方法 |
| KR20060004158A (ko) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-12 | 박철용 | 피티씨 특성을 갖는 수성 도전성 중합체 조성물 및 그제조방법 |
| US7316475B2 (en) * | 2004-11-10 | 2008-01-08 | Robert Wilson Cornell | Thermal printing of silver ink |
| JP4613362B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-31 | 2011-01-19 | Ｄｏｗａエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 導電ペースト用金属粉および導電ペースト |
| KR20080035562A (ko) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-04-23 | 인도프코 인코포레이티드 디/비/에이 내쇼날 스타치 앤드 케미칼 캄파니 | 수성의 인쇄 가능한 전기 전도체 |
| US7851545B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2010-12-14 | Chroma Australia Pty Limited | Paint composition |
| US20070215883A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Dixon Michael J | Electroluminescent Devices, Subassemblies for use in Making Electroluminescent Devices, and Dielectric Materials, Conductive Inks and Substrates Related Thereto |
| US20080010815A1 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2008-01-17 | W.E.T. Automotive Group Ag | Heating tape structure |
| US8709288B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2014-04-29 | Sun Chemical Corporation | High conductive water-based silver ink |
| US7919015B2 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2011-04-05 | Xerox Corporation | Silver-containing nanoparticles with replacement stabilizer |
| CN101595534B (zh) * | 2006-12-22 | 2012-07-18 | 汉高股份两合公司 | 水性导电组合物 |
| JP4294705B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2009-07-15 | Ｄｏｗａエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 有機物質で被覆された銀微粉の製法および銀微粉 |
| CN101781496B (zh) * | 2009-01-16 | 2013-10-02 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种水性银粉涂料组合物 |
| US7935278B2 (en) * | 2009-03-05 | 2011-05-03 | Xerox Corporation | Feature forming process using acid-containing composition |
| US20110126897A1 (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2011-06-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composition for extruding fibers |
| CN102034877A (zh) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池用导电浆料及其制备方法 |
| TW201113233A (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2011-04-16 | Guo Chun Ying | Method of coating noble metal nanoparticle in glassware |
| CN102740997B (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 特线工业株式会社 | 含有微小金属粒子的组合物 |
| GB201009847D0 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2010-07-21 | Dzp Technologies Ltd | Deposition method, apparatus, printed object and uses |
| WO2013091197A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Resin composition and dielectric layer and capacitor produced therefrom |
| CN103177787B (zh) * | 2011-12-26 | 2016-04-27 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种用于制备导电银浆的导电粉及导电银浆 |
| CN103198876B (zh) * | 2012-01-06 | 2015-09-09 | 任天斌 | 水性纳米电子银浆及其制备方法 |
| DE102014105483A1 (de) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-10-22 | Heraeus Sensor Technology Gmbh | Sensorelement, Sensormodul, Messanordnung und Abgasrückführsystem mit einem solchen Sensorelement sowie Herstellungsverfahren |
| WO2015187179A1 (en) | 2014-06-06 | 2015-12-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ink composition |
| EP3152268B1 (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2018-02-21 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ink composition |
| CN106414626B (zh) | 2014-06-06 | 2020-10-23 | 惠普发展公司，有限责任合伙企业 | 墨水组合物 |
| CN117238554B (zh) * | 2023-09-06 | 2024-07-16 | 淮安捷泰新能源科技有限公司 | 一种导电银浆及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH434588A (de) * | 1962-11-15 | 1967-04-30 | Tesla Np | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silberpulver |
| NL300391A (xx) * | 1962-11-15 | |||
| US4032350A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1977-06-28 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Printing paste vehicle, gold dispensing paste and method of using the paste in the manufacture of microelectronic circuitry components |
| US4331714A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1982-05-25 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Process of making flake silver powders with chemisorbed monolayer of dispersant |
| US4715989A (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-12-29 | The B.F. Goodrich Company | Coating for EMI shielding |
| US4950423A (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1990-08-21 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Coating of EMI shielding and method therefor |
| US4826631A (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1989-05-02 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Coating for EMI shielding and method for making |
| US5062891A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1991-11-05 | Ceramics Process Systems Corporation | Metallic inks for co-sintering process |
| US4906596A (en) * | 1987-11-25 | 1990-03-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Die attach adhesive composition |
| US4851051A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1989-07-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for de-ionizing silver particles |
| DE69121449T2 (de) * | 1990-04-12 | 1997-02-27 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Leitende Tintenzusammensetzung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dickschichtigen Musters |
| US5242623A (en) * | 1991-08-13 | 1993-09-07 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Screen-printable thick film paste composition |
| US5252632A (en) * | 1992-11-19 | 1993-10-12 | Savin Roland R | Low cost cathodic and conductive coating compositions comprising lightweight hollow glass microspheres and a conductive phase |
| US5286415A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-02-15 | Advanced Products, Inc. | Water-based polymer thick film conductive ink |
| US5346651A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1994-09-13 | Cerdec Corporation | Silver containing conductive coatings |
| US5431718A (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1995-07-11 | Motorola, Inc. | High adhesion, solderable, metallization materials |
| US5492653A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-02-20 | Heraeus Incorporated | Aqueous silver composition |
| US5565143A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-10-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water-based silver-silver chloride compositions |
-
1994
- 1994-11-07 US US08/335,146 patent/US5492653A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-17 US US08/544,038 patent/US5658499A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-01 KR KR1019950039220A patent/KR0174305B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-02 EP EP95117196A patent/EP0713930B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-02 DE DE69502004T patent/DE69502004T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-02 ES ES95117196T patent/ES2115306T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-02 AT AT95117196T patent/ATE164892T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-07 FI FI955353A patent/FI114923B/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-07 CN CN95121553A patent/CN1058741C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-19 HK HK98100441A patent/HK1001465A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0713930B1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
| FI955353A (fi) | 1996-05-08 |
| ES2115306T3 (es) | 1998-06-16 |
| US5658499A (en) | 1997-08-19 |
| DE69502004T2 (de) | 1998-09-24 |
| DE69502004D1 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
| HK1001465A1 (en) | 1998-06-19 |
| CN1134962A (zh) | 1996-11-06 |
| KR960017803A (ko) | 1996-06-17 |
| EP0713930A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
| CN1058741C (zh) | 2000-11-22 |
| KR0174305B1 (ko) | 1999-03-20 |
| ATE164892T1 (de) | 1998-04-15 |
| FI955353A0 (fi) | 1995-11-07 |
| US5492653A (en) | 1996-02-20 |
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Owner name: W.C. HERAEUS GMBH & CO. KG |
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