ES2282738T3 - Endoprotesis de articulacion tibiotarsiana. - Google Patents

Endoprotesis de articulacion tibiotarsiana. Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2282738T3
ES2282738T3 ES03818773T ES03818773T ES2282738T3 ES 2282738 T3 ES2282738 T3 ES 2282738T3 ES 03818773 T ES03818773 T ES 03818773T ES 03818773 T ES03818773 T ES 03818773T ES 2282738 T3 ES2282738 T3 ES 2282738T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
component
wedge
sliding
joint
intermediate piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES03818773T
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English (en)
Inventor
Hakon Kofoed
Arnold Keller
Helmut D. Link
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2282738T3 publication Critical patent/ES2282738T3/es
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/42Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes
    • A61F2/4202Joints for wrists or ankles; for hands, e.g. fingers; for feet, e.g. toes for ankles
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Abstract

Endoprótesis para sustituir una articulación tibiotarsiana, que está constituida por un componente inferior (4) a unir con el astrágalo (2) y que forma una superficie de deslizamiento superior (10), un componente superior (3) que forma una superficie de deslizamiento inferior (7) y que presenta una superficie de unión superior (23) para establecer la unión con una superficie de resección (25) de la tibia, y una pieza intermedia que presenta dos superficies de deslizamiento (15, 16) cooperantes con las superficies de deslizamiento (7, 10) de los componentes superior e inferior (3, 4), siendo de forma de cuña el componente superior (3), en sección frontal y/o sagital, entre su superficie de deslizamiento inferior (7) y su superficie de unión superior (23) y/o siendo de forma de cuña la pieza intermedia (5), en sección sagital, entre su superficie de deslizamiento en el lado superior (15) y la orientación general de la superficie de deslizamiento en el lado inferior (16).

Description

Endoprótesis de articulación tibiotarsiana.
Para la sustitución de la articulación tibiotarsiana se conoce una endoprótesis que está constituida por un componente a unir con el astrágalo, un componente a unir con la tibia y una pieza intermedia (documento DE-U-88 12 806, folleto “LINK S.T.A.R. Totale Sprunggelenkprothese [H. Kofoed] de la firma Waldemar Link” (GmbH & Co.), Hamburgo). El componente del astrágalo y la pieza intermedia cooperan a través de superficies de deslizamiento que hacen posibles la flexión y extensión en el plano sagital. El componente de la tibia y la pieza intermedia forman superficies de deslizamiento cooperantes que permiten una rotación alrededor del eje vertical. Pueden ser de construcción plana para hacer posibles movimientos de compensación en la dirección AP y en la dirección LM. La estabilización se realiza por medio del conjunto de ligamentos naturales.
En la prótesis conocida las superficies de deslizamiento superior e inferior de la pieza intermedia están orientadas paralelamente una a otra en el plano frontal, ya que el sustitutivo protésico de la articulación no deberá conducir a una variación de la dirección. Sin embargo, se ha visto que no es raro que los ligamentos laterales y mediales de la articulación presenten después de la operación una tensión diferente, de lo que pueden resultar molestias. Esto puede tener su fundamento en irregularidades de la anatomía o en que el cirujano ha elegido una orientación desfavorable de la superficie de resección prevista en la tibia para la unión con la prótesis.
La invención se basa en el problema de evitar o mitigar el desequilibrio entre, por un lado, las condiciones anatómicas u operativas y, por otro lado, la prótesis.
La solución del problema según la invención consiste en las características de la reivindicación 1 o en las de la reivindicación 6. Según esto, se ha previsto que la pieza intermedia y/o el componente de tibia estén configurados en forma de cuña. Si el cirujano comprueba que, empleando una prótesis normal, es diferente la tensión de los ligamentos, puede compensar esto mediante el empleo de componentes de corrección que tengan una forma de cuña en el plano frontal. El lado más grueso de la placa de corrección de forma de cuña se dispone en el lado en el que, empleando componentes normales, sería insuficiente la tensión de los ligamentos. Cuando el cirujano reconoce que la superficie de resección tibial no discurre perpendicularmente a la dirección de la tibia o cuando desea por otros motivos que los planos de la prótesis no discurran perpendicularmente al eje de la tibia, puede utilizar también componentes de corrección cuya forma de cuña esté situada en el plano sagital. Cuando le importe al cirujano que la superficie de deslizamiento inferior del componente superior tenga una orientación determinada con respecto a la dirección de la tibia o a la dirección de la carga, éste empleará generalmente un componente de tibia configurado como componente de corrección. Por el contrario, cuando la orientación de la superficie de resección tibial sea correcta e importe tener en cuenta la anatomía del pie, el cirujano preferirá una pieza intermedia configurada como componente de corrección.
Estado de la técnica conforme al artículo 54(3) CPE es la configuración en forma de cuña de la pieza intermedia en el plano frontal según el objeto de la solicitud de patente anterior PCT/EP02/02573 no publicada anteriormente.
La verificación de que el componente es de forma de cuña no plantea dificultades en la práctica, ya que tanto su superficie de unión superior como su superficie de deslizamiento inferior son planas o sustancialmente planas. Para determinación de una eventual forma de cuña de la pieza intermedia en el plano sagital es decisiva la comparación con las piezas intermedias normales. Por lo demás, se puede determinar fácilmente no sólo la dirección de la superficie de deslizamiento superior aproximadamente plana de la pieza intermedia, sino también la orientación general de la superficie de deslizamiento inferior. Una pieza intermedia es de forma de cuña en el plano sagital en el sentido de la presente invención cuando, en comparación con la pieza intermedia normal, se hace más gruesa en dirección anterior o posterior.
En el marco de la presente invención una forma de cuña en el plano digital puede estar combinada con una forma de cuña en el plano frontal. Sin embargo, la forma de cuña en el plano sagital o en el plano frontal puede presentarse también sin forma de cuña en el plano frontal o en el plano sagital.
El ángulo de cuña está comprendido convenientemente entre 1º y 16º, preferiblemente entre 3º y 8º.
Para que la orientación de la forma de cuña de la pieza intermedia no pueda ser alterada por rotación de la pieza intermedia alrededor del eje vertical, se fija su orientación de manera convenientemente forzosa desde el astrágalo o desde la tibia haciendo que los pares de superficies de deslizamiento cooperantes estén configurados correspondientemente de una manera determinante de la dirección (por ejemplo en forma cilíndrica). A este fin, es adecuada especialmente la articulación entre el astrágalo y la pieza intermedia.
Para que el cirujano pueda elegir entre ángulos de cuña diferentes, ha de tener a su disposición para cada prótesis varios componentes de corrección diferentes. Para reducir el coste ligado a esto, es conveniente configurar los componentes de corrección en la forma más sencilla que sea posible. Por este motivo, puede ser conveniente montarlos a partir de una pieza estándar siempre igual y una pieza de cuña. La pieza estándar se prevé en solamente una versión sencilla. Únicamente las piezas de cuña necesitan estar presentes en variantes diferentes. Esto se aplica especialmente cuando el componente superior se emplea como componente de corrección y la pieza estándar forma los dispositivos que son necesarios para la fijación a la tibia.
Se explica seguidamente la invención con más detalle haciendo referencia al dibujo, que ilustra ejemplos de realización ventajosos. Muestran:
La figura 1, una sección sagital a través de una articulación provista de la prótesis,
La figura 2, la prótesis desplegada en perspectiva,
La figura 3, una vista en perspectiva de la disposición de los componentes de prótesis superior e inferior implantados antes de la inserción de la pieza intermedia,
La figura 4, una sección frontal a través de un componente de corrección superior,
La figura 5, una sección sagital a través de un componente de corrección superior,
La figura 6, una sección sagital a través de una pieza intermedia de corrección y
La figura 7, un componente de corrección superior que está dividido en dos partes.
Entre la tibia 1 y el astrágalo 2 tiene que disponerse la prótesis constituida por el componente superior 3, el componente inferior 4 y la pieza intermedia 5. El componente superior 3 presenta una parte 6 de forma de placa cuyo lado inferior 7 forma una superficie de deslizamiento plana. Unos salientes 8 sirven para la fijación en rebajos de resección correspondientes 9 de la tibia 1.
El componente inferior 4 forma una superficie de deslizamiento 10 abombada en forma convexa, la cual puede estar configurada en forma cilíndrica o cónica. Lleva un nervio 11 que está situado en la dirección del movimiento relativo de la pieza intermedia cuando se realiza el movimiento de flexión y de extensión. Asimismo, el componente inferior presenta facetas laterales 12 destinadas a cooperar con superficies de deslizamiento correspondientes de la tibia 1 y del peroné 13.
La pieza intermedia 5 posee un lado superior plano 15 conjugado de la superficie de deslizamiento 7 y una superficie de deslizamiento inferior 16 que está configurada en forma complementaria de la superficie de deslizamiento 10 del componente inferior 4. Esta contiene una ranura 17 destinada a recibir el nervio 11. De este modo, la pieza intermedia 5 es guiada lateralmente con relación al componente inferior 4. Solo le están permitidos movimientos de flexión y de extensión.
Los componentes superior e inferior 3, 4 son convenientemente de metal y la pieza intermedia 5 es de un plástico que favorece el deslizamiento, tal como polietileno. Sin embargo, se pueden emplear también otros materiales con resistencia y capacidad de deslizamiento suficientes, por ejemplo cerámica.
Como consecuencia de la forma complementaria de las superficies de deslizamiento 10 y 16, así como debido al nervio 11 en cooperación con la ranura 17, la pieza intermedia 5 no es giratoria, referido al eje vertical, con respecto al componente 4 de la articulación tibiotarsiana. Por tanto, su orientación queda fijada por la del componente inferior. Mientras que la forma de realización mostrada excluye tales movimientos de rotación entre el componente inferior y la pieza intermedia alrededor del eje vertical, son imaginables también realizaciones en las que estos movimientos están permitidos dentro de límites predeterminados o bien están únicamente inhibidos o no están excluidos por la configuración de la superficie de deslizamiento.
La explicación anterior con ayuda de las figuras 1 a 3 se aplican tanto a realizaciones con componentes normales como a realizaciones con componentes de corrección.
En las figuras 4 a 6 se muestran ejemplos de componentes de corrección. La figura 4 muestra una vista frontal de un componente superior 3 configurado como componente de corrección. Cerca del borde 20 que aparece a la izquierda en el dibujo, este componente es más grueso que en el borde opuesto. El componente es de construcción simétrica con respecto a su plano medio frontal, de modo que el lado engrosado 20 deberá quedar situado, a elección del cirujano, en el lado lateral o medial de la articulación.
La figura 5 muestra una sección sagital a través del componente superior 3. Este es de construcción engrosada en forma de cuña en el extremo 21 que aparece a la izquierda en el dibujo. El lado superior de este componente es de construcción simétrica con respecto al plano frontal. Por tanto, el extremo engrosado puede estar dispuesto por delante o por detrás en la articulación, a elección del cirujano. El ángulo de cuña 22 entre la superficie de fijación superior 23 y la superficie de deslizamiento inferior 7 está representado en ambos ejemplos dentro del orden de magnitud de 5º.
La figura 6 muestra una sección sagital a través de una pieza intermedia de corrección 5. Su lado inferior 16 configurado como superficie de deslizamiento tiene una orientación general que discurre en dirección aproximadamente paralela a la línea auxiliar 24 que se ha dibujado cerca de la superficie de deslizamiento superior 15 para representar el ángulo de cuña 19. En este caso, se ha supuesto que la línea 24 discurre en las piezas intermedias normales paralelamente a la dirección general de la superficie inferior 16. Decisiva para la verificación de una forma de cuña de la pieza intermedia es siempre la comparación con los componentes normales del sistema de prótesis.
No es necesario que una corrección se limite a un solo componente respectivo. Por el contrario, pueden emplearse componentes de corrección tanto como para el componente superior como para la pieza intermedia. La figura 1 muestra esta posibilidad.
Tan pronto como el cirujano ha implantado el componente inferior 4, puede comprobar por medio de instrumentos adecuados, mientras están tensados los ligamentos laterales, si la superficie de resección 25 de la tibia tiene un recorrido normal con respecto al componente inferior 4 o si es necesario una corrección. En el último caso, el cirujano decide si deberá elegirse un componente de corrección para el componente superior o para la pieza intermedia o para ambos y lo gruesa que deberá ser la respectiva forma de cuña y en qué dirección deberá extenderse ésta. Sigue siendo posible también una medición correspondiente cuando esté instalado el componente superior 3. Después de esto, se puede decidir si se emplea como pieza intermedia un componente de corrección.
La figura 7 ilustra el ensamble del componente superior 3 a base de una pieza estándar 25 y una pieza de cuña 26. Dado que la pieza estándar 25 forma los órganos de fijación 8, la pieza de cuña 26, de la cual están disponibles varios ejemplares con ángulos de cuña diferentes, puede estar configurada de una manera correspondientemente más sencilla. Las dos piezas pueden unirse una con otra de cualquier manera conocida. Por ejemplo, pueden atornillarse una con otra. Pueden estar provistas también de salientes y rebajos complementarios que encajan uno dentro de otro y que permiten enchufar las dos piezas una en otra sin un coste importante.

Claims (6)

1. Endoprótesis para sustituir una articulación tibiotarsiana, que está constituida por un componente inferior (4) a unir con el astrágalo (2) y que forma una superficie de deslizamiento superior (10), un componente superior (3) que forma una superficie de deslizamiento inferior (7) y que presenta una superficie de unión superior (23) para establecer la unión con una superficie de resección (25) de la tibia, y una pieza intermedia que presenta dos superficies de deslizamiento (15, 16) cooperantes con las superficies de deslizamiento (7, 10) de los componentes superior e inferior (3, 4), siendo de forma de cuña el componente superior (3), en sección frontal y/o sagital, entre su superficie de deslizamiento inferior (7) y su superficie de unión superior (23) y/o siendo de forma de cuña la pieza intermedia (5), en sección sagital, entre su superficie de deslizamiento en el lado superior (15) y la orientación general de la superficie de deslizamiento en el lado inferior (16).
2. Endoprótesis según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque las superficies de deslizamiento (10, 16) cooperantes en el componente inferior (4) y en la pieza intermedia (5) cooperan de manera sustancialmente no rotativa con respecto al eje vertical.
3. Endoprótesis según la reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque las superficies de deslizamiento (7, 15) cooperantes en el componente superior (4) y en la pieza intermedia (5) cooperan de manera rotativa con respecto al eje vertical.
4. Endoprótesis según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada porque el ángulo de cuña (19, 22) está comprendido entre 1º y 16º.
5. Endoprótesis según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizada porque el componente (3) de forma de cuña se compone de una parte de cuña (26) - que está disponible con un ángulo de cuña diferente - y una pieza estándar (25).
6. Sistema de endoprótesis para sustituir la articulación tibiotarsiana que están constituidas por un componente inferior (4) a unir con el astrágalo (2) y que forma una superficie de deslizamiento superior (10), un componente superior (3) que forma una superficie de deslizamiento inferior (7) y presenta una superficie de unión (23) para establecer la unión con una superficie de resección (25) de la tibia (1), y una pieza intermedia (5) que presenta dos superficies de deslizamiento (15, 16) cooperantes con las superficies de deslizamiento (7, 10) de los componentes superior e inferior (3, 4), comprendiendo el sistema componentes superiores y piezas intermedias normales, cuyos lados superior e inferior tienen un recorrido general sustancialmente paralelo, comprendiendo dicho sistema componentes de corrección que pueden permutarse por los componentes superiores normales (3) y que están configurados en forma de cuña, en el plano sagita y/o en el plano frontal, entre sus lados superior e inferior (7, 23), y comprendiendo también piezas intermedias de corrección que se pueden permutar por las piezas intermedias normales (5) y que, en comparación con las piezas intermedias normales (5), son de forma de cuña, en el plano sagital, entre su superficie de deslizamiento en el lado superior (15) y el recorrido general sobre la superficie de deslizamiento en el lado inferior (16).
ES03818773T 2003-08-27 2003-08-27 Endoprotesis de articulacion tibiotarsiana. Expired - Lifetime ES2282738T3 (es)

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US8591595B2 (en) 2013-11-26
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US9681958B2 (en) 2017-06-20
US20070112431A1 (en) 2007-05-17
ATE357195T1 (de) 2007-04-15
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JP4191194B2 (ja) 2008-12-03
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