Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
  • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
  • C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
  • C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/60—Glass recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for regenerating a molten salt for a glass tempering and/or glass strengthening process.
• the invention also relates to a plant for tempering and/or strengthening glass, including a salt bath with molten salt.
• the increasing deterioration in the effectiveness of the molten salt can at least be delayed by using a regeneration material.
• DE 17 71 232 B2 discloses a method for exchanging ions between a molten salt and glass for the purpose of changing their properties, the ions that have migrated into the molten salt being absorbed by a regeneration material present in the molten salt in a separate phase and at the same time during the ion exchange required ions are given off to the molten salt.
• a salt melt is used, to which an auxiliary substance is added as a regeneration material, which is an acceptor for oxygen ions or has an acid function and which is capable of complex formation, including the ions that have migrated into the salt melt from the glass or from the regeneration material, and the redox reactions in favored by the molten salt.
• the object is achieved by a method, which is characterized in that at least a first body of regeneration material made of a first regeneration material and a second body of regeneration material made of a second regeneration material, which is different from the first regeneration material, are brought into contact simultaneously or sequentially with the molten salt.
• a system which is characterized in that the system has at least one first body of regeneration material made of a first regeneration material and at least one second body of regeneration material made of a second regeneration material that is different from the first regeneration material ⁇ , which are continuous with the Molten salt are in contact or can be brought into contact simultaneously or sequentially with the molten salt.
• the molten salt during the hardening and/or strengthening of glass objects made of a glass material that contains sodium and lithium causes a deterioration in the quality of the molten salt both as a result of the enrichment of sodium and additionally, even to a greater extent, by the enrichment of lithium.
• a single regeneration material but at least two regeneration material bodies made of different regeneration material, whereby, for example, a first regeneration material can be designed to absorb sodium and thus remove it from the salt bath, and a second regeneration material can be designed to do so able to absorb lithium and thus remove it from the salt bath.
• one of the regeneration materials is designed to eliminate or at least reduce the basicity of the molten salt, which can be realized, for example, by the regeneration material in question containing silicon dioxide in order to eliminate OH groups bind to the salt bath and thus remove them from the salt bath.
• the invention has the very special advantage that the use of two (or more) different regeneration materials can be used to counteract the aging processes that usually occur in a number of ways in a targeted and effective manner. According to a particular idea of the invention, it is possible in particular to bring the different bodies of regeneration material into contact with the molten salt one after the other. This has the special advantage that the different regeneration materials cannot at least not have a direct negative influence on each other. Depending on the application, however, it is also possible to use the different regeneration materials simultaneously or at least with an overlap in time in the same molten salt, if there is no risk ⁇ that the different regeneration materials will negatively influence each other or if the degree of direct or indirect mutual influence is low .
• a method for hardening and/or strengthening glass objects in which the glass objects are brought into contact with molten salt and in which the molten salt is continuously or, in particular, at regular intervals, by simultaneous or sequential in-con ⁇ ak ⁇ -bringing regenerated with at least a first body of regeneration material of a first regeneration material and a second body of regeneration material of a second regeneration material different from the first regeneration material.
• a third (and possibly further) regeneration material body from a third regeneration material, which is different from the first and the second regeneration material, for the regeneration of Molten salt can be used by simultaneous or sequential contacting.
• first regeneration material bodies for example in the form of spheres, granules ⁇ , frits, fibers or platelets
• second regeneration material bodies for example in the form of spheres, granules ⁇ , frits, fibers or Platelets from which the second regeneration material is brought into contact ⁇ simultaneously or sequentially with the molten salt.
• First and/or second regeneration material bodies in the form of irregularly corrugated plates and/or plates with an irregular surface are particularly advantageous because they cannot adhere to one another over a large area, which would disadvantageously reduce the effective total surface area of the regeneration material bodies.
• the first regeneration material bodies can advantageously have the same or at least similar shape and/or size to one another.
• the second regeneration material bodies can have the same or at least similar shape and/or size.
• the shape and/or size of the first body of regeneration material may be the same as the shape and/or size of the first body of regeneration material.
• the at least one first regeneration material body can advantageously be in the form of a sphere or a plate or a (preferably irregularly) corrugated plate or a frit or a fiber.
• the at least one second regeneration material body can also be designed as a sphere or as a plate or as a (preferably irregularly) corrugated plate or as a plate with an irregular surface or as a frit.
• a plurality of first regeneration material bodies and/or a plurality of second ones are preferably used Regeneration material bodies are used, which are advantageously brought into contact with the molten salt, for example in the form of granules.
• the granules ⁇ have a particle size in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm or 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm or in the range from 0. 3mm to 0.8mm, having ⁇ .
• such a grain size offers ⁇ the advantage that the granules ⁇ can be held in a container with comparatively large openings, while at the same time offering a large contact surface for the molten salt ⁇ .
• first regenerafion material bodies and/or several second regenerafion material bodies in the form of glass fringes or sinfer material can be used.
• the regenerafion material bodies can be kept in a (preferably separate) container with comparatively large openings, while at the same time there is a large contact surface for the molten salt.
• the glass fringes can have a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm or 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm or in the range from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm, exhibit.
• first regeneration material bodies and/or second regeneration material bodies are designed as (preferably irregularly corrugated) plates or (preferably irregularly and/or irregularly corrugated) fragments of plates and the plates or fragments with be brought into contact with the molten salt ⁇ .
• the plates or the fragments of the plates can advantageously have a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm or 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm or in the range from 0.3 mm up to 0.8 mm.
• the production of the plates or fragments of the plates can involve, for example, rolling out regeneration material.
• the roller is preferably in gla ⁇ in order to give the plates or fragments of the plates a structure that makes it impossible to stick together ⁇ .
• first regeneration material bodies and/or second regeneration material bodies to be in the form of fibers, in particular glass fibers, or in the form of at least one fleece made of fibers, in particular glass fibers, or in the form of fiber wool, in particular glass wool , are brought into contact ⁇ with the molten salt ⁇ .
• the fibers can advantageously have a thickness in the range from 0.1 mm to 3 mm, in particular in the range from 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm or in the range from 0.3 mm to 0.8 mm.
• regenerafion material bodies can be easily brought into contact with the molten salt as solid bodies, for example in the form of spheres or glass fibers or as a fleece or glass frits or sintered material.
• introducing the regeneration material bodies into the salt bath and removing them again from the salt bath is possible in a simple and uncomplicated manner.
• these bodies of regeneration material may simply be placed in a channel through which a portion of the molten salt is passed continuously or at spaced intervals.
• the regeneration material when the regeneration material is glass, there is also full recyclability ⁇ .
• the bodies of regeneration material after use, may be used as a raw material for other applications or as a raw material for the manufacture of glassware ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration materials can be a, in particular porous, glass from a glass system with a tendency to separate or contain a glass, in particular porous, from a glass system with a tendency to separate.
• at least one of the regeneration materials can be a silica-rich, in particular porous, glass or can include a silica-rich, in particular porous, glass.
• At least one of the regeneration materials is or includes a VYCor glass.
• VYCOR glass is made by a specific process at comparatively low temperatures ⁇ . Typically, quartz glass production requires temperatures of 2000 degrees Celsius, while the VYCOR process allows production at temperatures of 1000 degrees Celsius to 1300 degrees Celsius ⁇ .
• the VYCOR process can include, in particular, the melting of the base glass (composition in the ternary system: M2O-B2O3-S1O2), shaping of the base glass, thermal treatment (time and temperature dependent), etching of the surface of the molded body (hydrofluoric acid, caustic soda).
• the porous glass usually sinters together with a 30 percent volume contraction to form a clear and almost pure silica glass. It is also advantageously possible to add aluminum oxide to the VYCOR glass melt, which is advantageous for controlling the phase separation and leaching process.
• At least one of Regeneration materials includes amorphous silica.
• Regeneration material bodies made from such a regeneration material have the very special advantage that they counteract the alkalinity of the molten salt.
• a porous glass has the very special advantage of a large contact surface with the molten salt and therefore offers a high level of effectiveness.
• one of the regeneration materials is designed to absorb calcium from the molten salt. It has been shown that the chemical and physical processes involved in a glass tempering and/or glass strengthening process are often hindered by calcium. The calcium usually comes from the glass objects to be hardened and/or strengthened. For this reason, it is beneficial to remove calcium from the molten salt or to reduce the calcium content ⁇ .
• at least one of the regeneration materials contains calcium, for example in the form of calcium oxide, but is designed in such a way that it does not release any calcium into the molten salt.
• one of the regeneration materials is designed to absorb lithium from the molten salt. It has been shown that the chemical and physical processes involved in a glass tempering and/or glass strengthening process can often be hindered by lithium. The lithium mostly comes from the glass objects to be hardened and/or strengthened. For this reason, it is advantageous to remove lithium from the molten salt or to reduce the content ⁇ of lithium. In particular, it can advantageously be provided that at least one of the regeneration materials contains lithium, but is designed in such a way that it does not release any lithium into the molten salt.
• the first regenerafion source is designed to take up calcium from the molten salt, while the second regenerafion source is designed to take up lithium from the molten salt. It has been shown that sequential contacting of the molten salt with the at least one first regeneration material body and the at least one second regeneration material body is particularly advantageous here, so that the regeneration materials do not directly influence one another. However, a simultaneous use of the at least one first regenerafion material body and the at least one second regenerafion material body is not ruled out in principle.
• one of the regeneration materials is potassium-containing silica glass, in particular a potassium-alumino-silica glass.
• This regeneration maferial has the very special advantage that three very important signs of aging in the molten salt are avoided, or at least very importantly may be delayed ⁇ . In particular, an increase in the concentration of extraneous alkali ions is avoided or at least very significantly delayed ⁇ . In addition, a rise in the pH value of the molten salt due to salt decomposition is avoided or at least significantly delayed. In addition, particulate contamination is avoided; this in particular in that particulate impurities in the molten salt are bound as soon as they come into contact with this regeneration material within the molten salt.
• this regeneration material will not adversely affect a glass tempering and/or strengthening facility.
• a regeneration maferial does not cause any corrosive reactions with the glass objects to be hardened and/or strengthened or with the molten salt.
• this regeneration material is glass, it is advantageously completely recyclable.
• this regenerafion material can be used particularly easily as a raw material for other applications or as a raw material for the production of glass objects.
• this regeneration material can be cleaned of any salt still adhering and used as a raw material for the production of bulk silicate glasses ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration materials is melted from a raw material mixture which, in addition to potassium oxide, also contains at least one other oxide, in particular from the group: aluminum oxide, boron oxide, sulfur oxide, calcium oxide ⁇ .
• at least one of the regeneration materials is melted from a raw material mixture which, in addition to potassium oxide, also contains several oxides, in particular from the group: aluminum oxide, boron oxide, sulfur oxide, calcium oxide, in the same or different proportions ⁇ .
• a regeneration material of the above Ar ⁇ which is smelted from a raw material mixture which has a silicon oxide content in the range from 40% by mass ⁇ to 75% by mass ⁇ , in particular in the range from 50% by mass ⁇ to 65% by mass ⁇ , or of 57.5% by mass ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration maferials is melted from a raw material mixture which has a proportion of potassium oxide in the range from 20 percent by mass to 40 percent by mass, in particular in the range from 25 percent by mass to 35 percent by mass, or from 32 .5% by mass ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration maferials is melted from a raw material mixture which contains a proportion of Aluminum oxide in the range from 1% ⁇ to 10% ⁇ by mass, in particular in the range from 2% ⁇ to 6% ⁇ by mass, or from 2.5% ⁇ or from 5% ⁇ by mass ⁇ , on proof ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration materials is melted from a raw material mixture that has a proportion of calcium oxide in the range from 0 mass percent to 15% by mass ⁇ , in particular in the range from 6% by mass ⁇ to 10% by mass ⁇ , or from 8% by mass ⁇ , cert ⁇ .
• At least one of the regeneration materials is smelted from a raw material mixture that has a proportion of boron oxide in the range from 0% by mass ⁇ to 10% by mass ⁇ .
• an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which at least one of the regeneration materials contains at least one alkaline earth metal.
• Baseline sodium can be improved by 60% or more in 24 hours ⁇ .
• the first regeneration material is designed to take up a first ionic component, for example sodium ions, from the molten salt
• the second regeneration material is designed to take up a second ionic component, for example lithium ions, from the molten salt , which is different from the first ionic component.
• the at least one first regenerafion maferial body and/or the at least one second regenerafion maferial body can, for example, directly into a salt bath which the containing molten salt ⁇ , or placed in a channel through which the molten salt flows ⁇ continuously or at timed intervals. There are no fundamental limitations on how to bring into confrontation.
• the at least one first regenerafion material body can be arranged in a container, in particular in a basket or a sieve, and brought into contact with the molten salt, the container having at least one opening through which the molten salt of the molten salt can flow without the first regenerafion maferial being able to escape from the container.
• the at least one second regenerafion material body is arranged in a container, in particular in a basket or a sieve, and is brought into contact with the molten salt, the container having at least one opening through which the molten salt of the molten salt can flow without the second regeneration material being able to escape from the container.
• Such an embodiment facilitates handling when bringing the molten salt into Kon ⁇ ak ⁇ and also allows the use of a large number of small regeneration material bodies, for example in the form of granules or in the form of a large number of small platelets, so that as a result a large surface available as a contact surface to the molten salt ⁇ .
• the at least one first body of regeneration material and the at least one second body of regeneration material can be arranged in a common container if simultaneous contact with the molten salt is to take place.
• the at least one first regeneration material body and the at least one second regeneration material body are each arranged in their own container, which are handled separately and in particular are brought into contact with the molten salt sequentially or at different times.
• the container can advantageously be designed, for example, as a cage, as a basket or as a sieve.
• the container is preferably made of stainless steel. In this way, a chemical reaction with the molten salt or the regeneration material or the glass objects to be hardened and/or strengthened is avoided.
• the regeneration material bodies are moved in the salt melt, in particular continuously or at timed intervals, in order to constantly bring other parts of the salt melt into contact with the regeneration material bodies. It is alternatively or additionally also possible that continuously or at intervals in time a part of the molten salt is removed from a salt bath in which the glass hardening and/or glass solidification process takes place and treated with at least one of the Regeneration material body is brought into contact, in particular in flowing contact, with the respectively removed part of the molten salt then being filled back into the salt bath.
• part of the molten salt is conducted continuously or at timed intervals through a channel in which the at least one first body of regeneration material and/or the at least one second body of regeneration material are located.
• the molten salt can in particular contain potassium and/or potassium nitra ⁇ or (apart from impurities) consist of potassium nitra ⁇ or a mixture with ⁇ potassium nitra ⁇ .
• a method for hardening and/or strengthening glass objects is particularly advantageous in which the glass objects are brought into contact with a molten salt, the molten salt being continuously or at regular intervals with a method according to the invention will regenerate.
• the quality of the molten salt is maintained for a large number of glass hardening and/or glass strengthening processes ⁇ and is not subject to any or only minor fluctuations ⁇ .
• the at least one first regenerafion material body and the glass objects are brought into contact with the molten salt in such a way that they are in contact with the molten salt at the same time or at least with a temporal overlap.
• the at least one second regenerafion material body and the glass objects are brought into contact with the molten salt in such a way that they are in contact with the molten salt at the same time or at least with a temporal overlap. In this way, fluctuations in the quality of the molten salt are avoided or at least kept at a low level.
• the system according to the invention for tempering and/or strengthening glass objects can have a first container which can be introduced or introduced into the molten salt and which contains the at least one first regenerafion material body ⁇ , the first container having at least one opening ⁇ through which the molten salt of the molten salt flows can.
• the plant can have a second container that can be introduced or introduced into the molten salt, which container contains the at least one second regenerafion material body ⁇ , the second container having at least one opening ⁇ through which the molten salt of the molten salt can flow.
• Exchanging a container for another (preferably the same) container with at least one fresh regenerafion material body makes sense if the regenerafion material body arranged in the container no longer provides sufficient regeneration power ⁇ .
• the first container and/or the second container can be designed as exchangeable cartridges.
• the system can in particular have a first receptacle for receiving a first container with the at least one first regeneration material body.
• the system can have a second receptacle for receiving a second container with the at least one second body of regeneration material.
• the first receptacle and/or the second receptacle can be part of a channel through which the molten salt flows.
• the first container and the second container can advantageously be designed differently, in particular with regard to the shape and/or size.
• Such a design has the particular advantage that accidental mix-ups when changing the containers are avoided.
• This can be supported in particular by the receptacles being designed (e.g. due to their shape and/or size) in such a way that a first container cannot be inserted into a second receptacle and/or a second container cannot be inserted into a first receptacle .
• the bodies of regeneration material are brought into contact with the molten salt continuously or at timed intervals. This can be done, for example, by breaking the regeneration material bodies into a basin ⁇ in which the molten salt to be regenerated is located ⁇ .
• the bodies of regeneration material are particularly effective when they and the molten salt are moved relative to one another so that other parts of the molten salt always come into contact with the bodies of regeneration material.
• the system according to the invention can advantageously have a moving device which moves at least one of the regeneration material bodies continuously or at timed intervals in the salt melt and/or into the salt melt.
• At least one of the regeneration material bodies is arranged in a separate channel through which the molten salt to be regenerated flows continuously or at timed intervals.
• the system according to the invention can advantageously have a pump for pumping the molten salt through the channel.
• the channel is actively heated to avoid a drop in temperature of the molten salt within the channel and thus avoid solidification of the molten salt in the channel.
• 1 to 4 show a first exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention for tempering and/or strengthening glass objects in different situations when carrying out an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention
• FIG. 11 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a plant according to the invention for tempering and/or strengthening glass objects
• FIG. 12 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a plant according to the invention for hardening and/or strengthening glass objects.
• FIGS. 1 to 4 show a first exemplary embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention for hardening and/or strengthening glass objects 2 (shown here only as an example as wine glasses) in different situations when carrying out an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
• the system 1 has a basin 3 with a molten salt 4, into which a carrier 5 with at least one glass object 2 to be hardened and/or strengthened can be immersed by means of a dipping movement and from which the carrier can then be removed again by means of a surfacing movement.
• the system 1 has a first container 6 in which several first regeneration material bodies 7 are arranged.
• the first container 6 has openings through which the molten salt 4 can flow but through which the first regeneration material bodies 7 cannot escape.
• the first container 6 can be designed in particular as a basket with a closable lid or as a closed sieve with a closable lid.
• the system 1 also has a second container 8 in which several second regeneration material bodies 9 are arranged.
• the second container 8 has openings through which the molten salt 4 can flow but through which the second regeneration material bodies 9 cannot escape.
• the second container 8 can be designed in particular as a basket with a closable lid or as a closed sieve with a closable lid.
• the first regeneration material bodies 7 consist of a first regeneration material
• the second regeneration material bodies 9 consist of a second regeneration material which is different from the first regeneration material.
• a guide device 10 is arranged in the basin 3 and has a plurality of guide rails 11 ⁇ .
• the guiding device 10 guides the carrier 5 as well as the first container 6 and the second container 8 during the dipping movement and the surfacing movement.
• Figure 1 shows the situation before the plunge movement of the carrier 5 is carried out.
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 are in a first functional position 12.
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 are moved horizontally by the guide device 6 and held vertically in the first functional position 12 by means of a spring device 13 .
• the spring device 13 is supported on the one hand on the bottom of the basin 3 and on the other hand on the bottom of the first container 6 and on the bottom of the second container 8 .
• Figure 2 shows the situation during the immersion movement.
• the carrier 5 is moved, for example by means of a robot (not shown) or a transport device (not shown), over the guide device 10 and then vertically downwards, so that it comes into knitting contact with the guide device 10 and during the further vertical movement of the guide rails 11 is guided.
• the carrier 5 pushes through its inward movement the first container 6 and the second container 8 against the force of the spring device 13 from the first functional position 12 downwards until the first container 6 and the second container 8 arrive in a second functional position 14, which in Figure 3 is shown.
• FIGS. 5 to 10 show a second exemplary embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention for tempering and/or strengthening glass objects 2 in different situations when carrying out an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.
• the device 1 has a basin 3 with a molten salt 4, into which a carrier 5 with at least one glass object 2 to be hardened and/or strengthened can be immersed by means of a dipping movement and from which the carrier 5 can then be removed again by means of a surfacing movement.
• the system 1 has a first container 6 in which several first regeneration material bodies 7 are arranged.
• the first container 6 has openings through which the molten salt 4 can flow but through which the first regeneration material body 7 cannot escape.
• the first container 6 can in particular be designed as a basket with a closable lid or as a closed sieve with a closable lid.
• the system 1 also has a second container 8 in which a plurality of second regeneration material bodies 9 are arranged.
• the second container 8 has openings through which the molten salt 4 can flow but through which the second regeneration material body 9 cannot escape.
• the second container 8 can in particular be designed as a basket with a closable lid or as a closed sieve with a closable lid.
• the first regeneration material bodies 7 consist of a first regeneration material
• the second regeneration material bodies 9 consist of a second regeneration material which is different from the first regeneration material.
• a guide device 10 is arranged in the basin 3 and has a plurality of guide rails 11 ⁇ .
• the guiding device 10 guides the carrier 5 as well as the first container 6 and the second container 8 during the dipping movement and the surfacing movement.
• the guide device 10 is designed in such a way that the first container 6 and the second container 8 remain fixed in their respective current vertical position if they are not actively pulled upwards or actively pushed downwards by means of the carrier 5 .
• Figure 5 shows the situation before carrying out the immersion movement of the carrier 5.
• the first Container 6 and the second container 8 are in this situation in a first functional position 12.
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 are held horizontally and vertically by the guide device 10 in the first functional position 12.
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 have coupling elements 15 and the carrier 5 has counter-coupling elements 16, by means of which the first container 6 and the second container 8 can be detachably attached to the carrier 5 again.
• a snap connection is established by means of the coupling elements 15 and the counter-coupling elements 16, in particular automatically or controlled from the outside, when the carrier 5 is placed on the first container 6 and the second container 8.
• the snap-in connection is released automatically or under external control when the first container 6 and the second container 8 have reached the first functional position 12 or a maintenance position 17 after an upward movement, which is described further below is explained in detail.
• the carrier 5 is moved, for example by means of a robot (not shown) or a transport device (not shown), over the guide device 10 and then vertically downwards, so that it is in active contact with the guide device 10 and during the further vertical movement is guided by the guide rails 11.
• the carrier 5 pushes the first container 6 and the second container 8 downwards from the first functional position 12 by its plunging movement until the first container 6 and the second container 8 arrive in a second functional position 14, which is illustrated in FIG. Figure 6 shows the situation after the immersion movement has been carried out.
• FIG. 7 shows the situation during the upward movement, in which the carrier 5 together with the glass objects 2 to be hardened and/or strengthened is removed from the glass melt 4 again.
• the carrier 5 pulls the first container 6 and the second container 8, which are coupled by means of the coupling elements 15 and the counter-coupling elements 16, upwards until the first container 6 and the second container 8 reach the first functional position 12.
• the operative connection of the coupling elements 15 and the counter-coupling elements 16 can then be released and the carrier 5 removed.
• the carrier 5 can now be re-inserted with new components or the next newly equipped carrier 5 can be inserted.
• part of the molten salt 4 flows through the openings of the first container 6 and through the openings of the second container 8 and thus comes into contact with the regenerafion maferial bodies 7 and the regenerafion maferial bodies 9.
• the molten salt 4 hereby mixed ⁇ , so that a homogeneous distribution of all ingredients within the basin 3 ⁇ is achieved.
• the regeneration material 9 must, for example, be exchanged after a predetermined or predeterminable number of hardening and/or hardening processes.
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 are transferred to a maintenance position 17 outside the salt melt 4 .
• the coupling of the first container 6 and the second container 8 to the carrier 5 is not released after the upward movement, so that the carrier 5 pulls the containers 6, 8 beyond the first functional posifion 12 out of the salt melt 4 into the throwing posifion 17 can what is shown in figure 9.
• the operative connection of the coupling elements 15 and the counter-coupling elements 16 can then be released and the carrier 5 removed.
• the used first regeneration material bodies 7 and/or the used second regeneration material bodies 9 can be removed from the containers 6, 8 located in the throwing position 17 and new first regeneration material bodies 7 and/or new second regeneration material bodies 9 can be filled in.
• the respective container 6 , 8 is removed from the maintenance position 17 and a container 6 , 8 filled with new regeneration material bodies 7 , 9 is moved into the maintenance position 17 .
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 can then be coupled back to a carrier 5 and transferred into the molten salt 4 .
• FIG. 11 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a plant 1 according to the invention for hardening and/or hardening glass objects 2 (not shown in FIG. 11), which has a basin 3 with a salt melt 4 .
• the salt melt 4 contains, for example, potassium nifraf or consists, for example, of potassium nifraf.
• the system 1 has a moving device 18 .
• the moving device 18 has a first robotic arm 19 carrying a first container 6 in which a plurality of first regenerafion material bodies 7 are arranged.
• the moving device 18 also has a second robotic arm 20 carrying a second container 8 in which a plurality of second regenerafion material bodies 9 are arranged.
• a single robotic arm to handle the first container 6 and the second container 8 simultaneously or sequentially ⁇ .
• the first container 6 and the second container 8 have openings through which the molten salt 4 can flow.
• the first regeneration material bodies 7 consist of a first regeneration material
• the second regeneration material bodies 9 consist of a second regeneration material which is different from the first regeneration material.
• the openings of the first container 6 are dimensioned such that the first regenerafion material bodies 7 cannot pass through.
• the openings of the second container 8 are dimensioned in such a way that the second regenerafion material bodies 9 cannot pass through.
• the first container 6 is inserted into the molten salt 4 by means of the moving device 18 .
• the moving device 18 can also move the first container 6 within the molten salt 4, which increases the effect of the first regeneration maferial 7.
• the second container 8 is also immersed in the molten salt 4 by means of the moving device 3 .
• the moving device 18 can also move the second container 8 within the molten salt 4, which increases the effect of the first regeneration material 9.
• the moving device 18 can be controlled in such a way that the first container 6 and the second container 8 are brought into contact with the molten salt 4 at a time interval. However, it is also possible for the first container 6 and the second container 8 to be brought into contact with the molten salt 4 simultaneously or with an overlap in time.
• FIG. 12 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a plant according to the invention for hardening and/or strengthening glass objects 2 (not shown in FIG. 12), which has a basin 3 with a molten salt 4 .
• the molten salt 4 can contain, for example, potassium nitrate or (apart from impurities) consist of potassium nitrate.
• the basin 3 is connected at two points to a channel 21 in which a pump 22 is located ⁇ .
• a portion of the molten salt 4 is removed from the basin 3 and, after passing through the channel 21, is returned to the basin 3.
• the channel 21 is actively heated by means of a heating wire 23 in order to avoid a temperature drop in the molten salt 4 within the channel 21 and thus a solidification of the molten salt 4 in the channel 21 .
• a first receptacle 24 for receiving a first container 6 with the at least one first regeneration material body 7.
• a second receptacle 25 for receiving a second container 8 with the at least one first Regeneration material body 9.
• the system 1 has several further first containers 6 with first regeneration material bodies 7 and several further second containers 8 with second regeneration material bodies 9, which can be inserted into the respective receptacle 24, 25 if the respective receptacles in the first receptacle 24 or The first body of regeneration material 7 and the second body of regeneration material 9 located in the second receptacle 25 are consumable.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2021
  • 2021-07-23 LU LU500469A patent/LU500469B1/de active IP Right Grant
• 2022
  • 2022-07-21 KR KR1020247006331A patent/KR20240066161A/ko unknown
  • 2022-07-21 JP JP2024503878A patent/JP2024528750A/ja active Pending
  • 2022-07-21 WO PCT/EP2022/070518 patent/WO2023001974A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2022-07-21 EP EP22751752.1A patent/EP4373789A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-07-22 TW TW111127562A patent/TW202321176A/zh unknown

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