EP3766636A1 - Poliervorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Poliervorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3766636A1
EP3766636A1 EP19767319.7A EP19767319A EP3766636A1 EP 3766636 A1 EP3766636 A1 EP 3766636A1 EP 19767319 A EP19767319 A EP 19767319A EP 3766636 A1 EP3766636 A1 EP 3766636A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elastic thin
thin teeth
teeth
polishing device
annular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19767319.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3766636A4 (de
Inventor
Jingxin SONG
Huiling LONG
Anning LIANG
Xinling GUO
Renjie Liu
Shaodong ZHANG
Zhiyong Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201820334241.3U external-priority patent/CN207629869U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810201963.6A external-priority patent/CN108188945B/zh
Application filed by Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd filed Critical Guilin Champion Union Diamond Co Ltd
Publication of EP3766636A1 publication Critical patent/EP3766636A1/de
Publication of EP3766636A4 publication Critical patent/EP3766636A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/22—Rubbers synthetic or natural
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/02—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery
    • B24D13/04—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by their periphery comprising a plurality of flaps or strips arranged around the axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B24D13/16—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising pleated flaps or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/18—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor with cooling provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/009—Tools not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions, e.g. with radial slots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D7/066—Grinding blocks; their mountings or supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/16—Bushings; Mountings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of abrasive tools, and in particular to a polishing device for edge polishing and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Polishing wheels mainly use resin bonds and rubber bonds for edge polishing.
  • Resin-bonded abrasive tools have high strength, good elasticity, poor heat resistance, and good self-drive property, but are small in porosity, easy to block, quick to wear, and can easily lose their profiles.
  • Rubber-bonded abrasive tools have higher strength and elasticity, low porosity and poor heat resistance.
  • the above-mentioned bonds have poor temperature resistance, and the bond strength will drop sharply with temperature increase, and is easy to suffer from changes such as softening, melting and carbonization, which destroy the structures, directly resulting in the failures of the performances of the abrasive tools, such as abrasive shedding, sharpness reduction, bond softening and melting to block pores, etc.
  • coolants such as water and emulsions are used to cool the abrasive tools.
  • the existing methods for cooling abrasive tools still have some problems.
  • the coolant has a poor cooling effect on abrasive tools with a temperature resistance of less than 200°C when used for cooling.
  • the contact area for grinding is relatively large, for example, the contact surface of a cup-shaped polishing wheel is relatively large when grinding, the coolant cannot smoothly enter a working surface, resulting in poor cooling effect.
  • a bonding material is a poor heat conductor, such that local high temperature generated by the abrasive in the grinding process cannot be quickly transferred out to form a heat dissipation effect. Therefore, the local high temperature will greatly affect the transition zone properties of the abrasive and the bond, such that the poor combination of the abrasive and the bond directly leads to a sharp decline in the performance of the abrasive tool.
  • high-speed and high-efficiency machining it is necessary to improve the grinding ability, which requires improved ability to hold the abrasive and better cooling. Increased elasticity and porosity are not conducive to the service life and rigidity. The various factors restrict one another, thus limiting the application of high-speed and high-efficiency machining.
  • the objects of the present invention are to provide a polishing device for edge polishing with a simple structure, reliable manufacturing process, low manufacturing cost, high efficiency, energy saving and safety, and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • a polishing device including a plurality of elastic thin teeth, wherein the plurality of elastic thin teeth is sequentially spliced and stacked to form an annular structure, and every two adjacent elastic thin teeth are closely abutted; and an upper end face or an annular side surface of the annular structure is a grinding working surface, and the grinding working surface is of an annular saw-toothed structure.
  • upper parts or side walls of the plurality of elastic thin teeth are made of an abrasive layer;
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth includes a plurality of elastic thin teeth A and a plurality of elastic thin teeth B, and the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and the plurality of elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner; or the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and one elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner; or the plurality of elastic thin teeth A constitutes a group of elastic thin teeth A, the plurality of elastic thin teeth B constitutes a group of elastic thin teeth B, and the group of elastic thin teeth A and the group of elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner; and upper parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and upper parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth B form the annular saw-toothed structure.
  • the elastic thin teeth A are made of a first bond and a first abrasive
  • the elastic thin teeth B are made of a second bond and a second abrasive.
  • the polishing device also includes a substrate having an annular structure, and a pressing plate, wherein the annular structure formed by the plurality of elastic thin teeth is fixed on the substrate; and the pressing plate is placed in the annular structure, is connected to the substrate by a bolt, and squeezes the plurality of elastic thin teeth.
  • the substrate is provided with a limiting groove arranged along an inner edge of the substrate; and lower parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth are embedded in the limiting groove.
  • an end surface of the pressing plate close to the elastic thin teeth is inclined, and is matched and close to end surfaces of the elastic thin teeth to limit the plurality of elastic thin teeth.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth is displaced from a radial direction of the annular structure.
  • every two adjacent elastic thin teeth are fixedly connected by gluing and/or by a fastener.
  • a manufacturing method of a polishing device includes the following steps:
  • a ratio of an average radial length of each elastic thin tooth to an average circumferential width thereof in step S1 is greater than 3 times.
  • the technical solution of a polishing device can also be applied to various forms of polishing machining such as grinding blocks and grinding discs.
  • the polishing device is a polishing wheel or a wool wheel.
  • a polishing device includes a plurality of elastic thin teeth 2.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is sequentially spliced and stacked to form an annular structure. Every two adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are closely abutted.
  • An upper end face of the annular structure is a grinding working surface 4.
  • the grinding working surface 4 is of an annular saw-toothed structure.
  • the polishing device also includes a substrate 1 having an annular structure and a pressing plate 3.
  • the annular structure formed by the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is fixed on the substrate 1.
  • the pressing plate 3 is placed in the annular structure, is connected to the substrate 1 by a bolt, and squeezes the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2.
  • the substrate 1 is provided with a limiting groove 5 arranged along an inner edge of the substrate 1. Lower parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5. An end surface of the pressing plate 3 close to the elastic thin teeth 2 is inclined, and is matched and close to end surfaces of the elastic thin teeth 2 to limit the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is displaced from a radial direction of the annular structure.
  • Every two adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are fixedly connected by gluing and/or by a fastener.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is made of a rubber bond polyurethane material.
  • the size of the polishing device in this embodiment is as follows.
  • the diameter of the polishing device is 150 mm.
  • the inner diameter of the polishing device is 102 mm.
  • the annular width of the polishing device is 24 mm.
  • the height of the polishing device is 40 mm.
  • the height of each elastic thin tooth 2 is 40 mm.
  • the height of the upper part of each elastic thin tooth 2 is 28 mm.
  • the height of the lower part of each elastic thin tooth 2 is 12 mm.
  • the number of the elastic thin teeth 2 is specifically 72.
  • a ratio of the radial length of 24 mm of each elastic thin tooth 2 to the average circumferential tooth width of 5.498 mm of each elastic thin tooth 2 is 4.365 times.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 includes a plurality of elastic thin teeth A and a plurality of elastic thin teeth B.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and the plurality of elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and one elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth A constitutes a group of elastic thin teeth A
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth B constitutes a group of elastic thin teeth B
  • the group of elastic thin teeth A and the group of elastic thin teeth B are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • Upper parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth A and upper parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth B form an annular saw-toothed structure.
  • the elastic thin teeth A are made of a first bond and a first abrasive.
  • the elastic thin teeth B are made of a second bond and a second abrasive.
  • the elastic thin teeth A made of the first bond and the first abrasive have high hardness and long service life.
  • the elastic thin teeth B made of the second bond and the second abrasive are highly elastic and easy to deform. The comprehensive effect can meet the cooling requirements of high-pressure machining. Meanwhile, the polishing device has a longer service life.
  • the mechanism of the annular saw-toothed structure is as follows.
  • a plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is sequentially spliced and stacked to form an annular structure.
  • the annular structure is rotated and the grinding working surface 4 of the annular structure is shaped and sharpened.
  • the grinding working surface 4 is elastically deformed and the elastic thin teeth 2 are deflected and displaced by forces, so that the working surface of a single elastic thin tooth is inclined, and the grinding working surface 4 shows an annular saw-toothed structure.
  • the working principle is as follows.
  • the engagement is small.
  • the height of the tip to the root of each elastic thin tooth 2 is generally much greater than the engagement.
  • the tips of the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 constitute a small amount of intermittent grinding, that is, impact grinding.
  • a first gap 7 appears between the workpiece 6 and the grinding part of each elastic thin tooth 2 that has not yet contacted the workpiece 6. Cooling water penetrates through the first gap 7 under a centrifugal force, which improves the timely cooling of the grinding working surface 4.
  • the single elastic thin tooth 2 When the grinding part of the single elastic thin tooth 2 has all contacted the workpiece 6, the single elastic thin tooth 2 is subjected to a grinding positive force and tangential force.
  • the position and size of the single elastic thin tooth 2 when it is stressed and the area and pressure when it is in contact with the workpiece 6 are constantly changing.
  • the single elastic thin tooth 2 is slightly deflected and displaced, but the amounts of change of adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are different.
  • a second gap 8 appears between the stressed elastic thin teeth 2. Cooling water penetrates through the second gap 8 under a centrifugal force, which improves the timely cooling of the grinding working surface 4.
  • intermittent grinding machining of the polishing device is realized, and good machining quality and high efficiency are achieved.
  • the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the polishing device using the polyurethane material bond in the prior art is annular as a whole.
  • the temperature of a grinding area is greatly increased.
  • the temperature resistance of the polyurethane material bond is poor, and the bond strength will decrease sharply as the temperature increases and will easily cause changes such as softening, melting and carbonization, which destroy the structures, directly resulting in the failures in the performances of an abrasive tool, such as abrasive shedding, decreased sharpness, and bond softening and melting to block pores.
  • the polishing device needs to improve the grinding ability, which requires better ability to hold the abrasive and better cooling.
  • Increased elasticity and porosity are not conducive to the service life and rigidity.
  • Various factors are contradictory and restrict each other, thus limiting the application of high-speed and high-efficiency machining.
  • This embodiment provides better chip holding and cooling functions, and transfers the functions required by the original polishing wheel body to structural functions. While meeting the self-sharpening properties, the porosity and elasticity of the abrasive tool can be appropriately reduced, and the ability to hold the abrasive can be improved, which can help prolong the service life of the abrasive tool and expand the application of high-speed and high-efficiency machining. The difficulty of product manufacturing process is also reduced, and fast chip removal, good cooling, easy manufacturing, and greatly improved performance are achieved.
  • a polishing device includes a plurality of elastic thin teeth 2.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is sequentially spliced and stacked to form an annular structure. Every two adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are closely abutted.
  • An annular side surface of the annular structure is a grinding working surface 4.
  • the grinding working surface 4 is of an annular saw-toothed structure.
  • the polishing device also includes a substrate 1 having an annular structure, and a pressing plate 3.
  • the annular structure formed by the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is fixed on the substrate 1.
  • the pressing plate 3 is placed in the annular structure, is connected to the substrate 1 by a bolt, and squeezes the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is fixed on the substrate 1 using auxiliary parts or adhesives.
  • the substrate 1 is provided with a limiting groove 5 arranged along an inner edge of the substrate 1. Lower parts of the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 are embedded in the limiting groove 5. An end surface of the pressing plate 3 close to the elastic thin teeth 2 is inclined, and is matched and close to end surfaces of the elastic thin teeth 2 to limit the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 and prevent the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 from flying out during the grinding process.
  • the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 is displaced from a radial direction of the annular structure.
  • the two adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are fixedly connected by gluing and/or by a fastener.
  • the size of the polishing device of this embodiment is as follows.
  • the diameter of the polishing device is 150 mm.
  • the annular width of the effective annular structure of the polishing device is 40 mm.
  • the thickness of the polishing device is 12 mm, which is suitable for machining a workpiece 6 with a shaped edge of a maximum thickness of 10 mm.
  • the polishing device post-processes an opening shape with an appropriate thickness.
  • the number of teeth of the polishing device is 60 teeth.
  • a ratio of the effective radial length of 40 mm of each elastic thin tooth 2 to the average circumferential tooth width of 1.833 mm of each elastic thin tooth 2 is 21.8 times.
  • the working principle is as follows. Within a certain range, when the pressure becomes larger, the elastic thin teeth 2 will deflect and displace and a second gap 8 that appears between the elastic thin teeth 2 is also large. Cooling water penetrates through the second gap 8 under a centrifugal force, which improves the timely cooling of the grinding working surface 4 of the polishing device. When the pressure is small, a first gap 7 is formed between the workpiece 6 and a grinding part of the elastic thin tooth 2 that has not yet contacted the workpiece 6. Cooling water penetrates through the first gap 7 under a centrifugal force, which improves the timely cooling of the grinding working surface 4.
  • each elastic thin tooth 2 When the grinding part of each elastic thin tooth 2 is in contact with the workpiece 6, the tips of the plurality of elastic thin teeth 2 constitute a small amount of intermittent grinding, and the elastic thin teeth 2 is subjected to a grinding positive force and tangential force.
  • the position and size of a single elastic thin tooth 2 when it is stressed and the area and pressure when it is in contact with the workpiece 6 are constantly changing.
  • the single elastic thin tooth 2 is slightly deflected and displaced, but the amounts of changes of adjacent elastic thin teeth 2 are different, such that the first gap 7 and the second gap 8 continue to appear.
  • the polishing device achieves intermittent grinding machining, good machining quality and high efficiency.
  • the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment simplifies the manufacturing process, realizes the overall presetting of the elastic thin teeth 2 that are difficult to manufacture, realizes a narrow tooth structure that greatly shortens the chip discharge path, and achieves the structural functions of the first gap 7 and the second gap 8 for rapid cooling. Dense internal water cooling in a grinding area is realized, and the product performance of the polishing device is greatly improved.
  • the present invention also relates to a manufacturing method of a polishing device, including the following steps.
  • a ratio of an average radial length of each elastic thin tooth 2 to an average circumferential width thereof in step S1 is greater than 3 times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP19767319.7A 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 Poliervorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren Pending EP3766636A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201820334241.3U CN207629869U (zh) 2018-03-12 2018-03-12 一种薄片齿拼合式金刚石砂轮
CN201810201963.6A CN108188945B (zh) 2018-03-12 2018-03-12 一种薄片齿拼合式金刚石砂轮及制作方法
PCT/CN2019/077871 WO2019174581A1 (zh) 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 一种抛光装置及制造方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3766636A1 true EP3766636A1 (de) 2021-01-20
EP3766636A4 EP3766636A4 (de) 2021-12-08

Family

ID=67907327

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19767677.8A Active EP3766637B1 (de) 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 Schleifwerkzeug und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP19767319.7A Pending EP3766636A4 (de) 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 Poliervorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19767677.8A Active EP3766637B1 (de) 2018-03-12 2019-03-12 Schleifwerkzeug und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20210370472A1 (de)
EP (2) EP3766637B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7105507B2 (de)
KR (1) KR102396879B1 (de)
WO (2) WO2019174581A1 (de)

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CN115781542B (zh) * 2022-11-24 2023-08-29 金锐(广东)新材料股份有限公司 一种金刚石树脂砂轮的模具及制作方法

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EP3766637A4 (de) 2022-01-12
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JP2021516170A (ja) 2021-07-01
US20210370472A1 (en) 2021-12-02
EP3766637B1 (de) 2024-04-17
KR102396879B1 (ko) 2022-05-12
KR20210003090A (ko) 2021-01-11
JP7105507B2 (ja) 2022-07-25
EP3766637C0 (de) 2024-04-17
EP3766636A4 (de) 2021-12-08

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