EP3631319A1 - Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau

Info

Publication number
EP3631319A1
EP3631319A1 EP18728818.8A EP18728818A EP3631319A1 EP 3631319 A1 EP3631319 A1 EP 3631319A1 EP 18728818 A EP18728818 A EP 18728818A EP 3631319 A1 EP3631319 A1 EP 3631319A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
conductive layer
layer
polymer
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18728818.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Uwe Strecker
Bengt Meier
Nikolaus Gerhardt
Michael Schwanecke
Gerd Fritsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP3631319A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631319A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • Liquid heater in particular water heater
  • the invention relates to a liquid heater, in particular water heater, preferably for a vehicle, more preferably for a motor vehicle.
  • Electric water heaters are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually connected to heat exchanger surfaces.
  • a PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a
  • Temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient which conducts the electric current better at low temperatures than at high temperatures.
  • wire heaters are known.
  • such wire heaters have no PTC effect and are therefore not self-regulating (which is problematic in terms of safety). It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a liquid, in particular water heater, which allows effective heating of water (for mobile applications).
  • a high power density should be achieved with a comparatively small space.
  • an electric liquid heating device in particular a water heater, preferably for a vehicle
  • a motor vehicle comprising at least a first conductive layer (in particular first metal layer), a second conductive layer (in particular second metal layer), and a polymer layer containing a polymer component and a conductive carbon component and between the first and the second conductive layer wherein liquid channels are provided for passing the liquid to be heated, in particular water, which extend from a first, the first conductive layer side facing the polymer layer to a second, the second conductive layer facing side of the polymer layer.
  • a key idea of the invention is a combination of two conductive layers (metal layers) and one between the conductive layers
  • Metal layers arranged polymer layer with a polymer component and a conductive carbon component to propose as a component (heating element) of an electric water heater.
  • a comparatively large contacting area between the conductive layers (leads, possibly metal plates) and the polymer layer (heating conductor layer) can be achieved, which results in a comparatively high power density (compared to conventional concepts in which the contacting may be laterally applied to the heating layer will).
  • a high power density is achieved in an existing installation space by a comparatively high contact area between the conductive layers and the polymer layer.
  • a comparable safety, as in conventional PTC water heaters, by a self-regulating polymer layer (heating layer) can be achieved.
  • a robust design can be achieved that is comparatively easy to manufacture.
  • a partially similar Layer structure has also been described in WO 2014/188190 AI; but not for a liquid, in particular water heater with corresponding fluid channels, but for a surface heater. Liquid, in particular water heaters differ, however, especially due to the large number of liquid channels provided there, conceptually clear of surface heaters.
  • One or more (or all) of the fluid channels may extend through the first and / or the second conductive layer (metal layer).
  • Liquid channels do not extend through the first and / or the second conductive layer (metal layer), for example, extend at least substantially parallel to the first and / or second conductive layer (metal layer).
  • one fluid channel or more (or all) will be provided.
  • Aluminum alloy formed. This can in particular the
  • Tightness and possibly heat transfer properties can be improved.
  • an improved insulation can be achieved in that an (optional) insulating layer on a (wall) surface of openings (channels) in the polymer layer is better protected by the corresponding tube or is separated from the liquid to be heated ,
  • First and / or second conductive layer may be used as a plate, in particular
  • first and / or second conductive layer may comprise a grid, in particular metal grid, and / or a strip (or a plurality of strips)
  • Strip in particular of metal.
  • First and / or second conductive layer may have a thickness of at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1.0 mm and / or at most 5.0 mm, more preferably at most 3.0 mm exhibit.
  • First and / or second conductive layer and / or the polymer layer may be formed (at least substantially) plan. If protrusions or depressions are provided (apart from breakthroughs in the form of the liquid channels), these may be less than 10% of an (average) thickness of the respective layer.
  • the polymer layer may have a thickness greater than that
  • a thickness of the polymer layer may be at least 1 mm, preferably at least 3 mm and / or at most 20 mm, preferably at most 10 mm.
  • the respective thickness is an average thickness or a thickness of the largest area of the respective layer of constant thickness.
  • Liquid channels may be at least 2%, preferably at least 5%, and / or at most 80%, preferably at most 50% of a total cross-section of the respective layer.
  • the respective cross sections here preferably relate to the cross sections perpendicular to a main flow direction of the liquid or cross sections perpendicular to a thickness direction of the liquid heating device. Such a proportion of the cross sections of the openings (defined by the fluid channels) may allow for effective heating.
  • the first and / or second conductive layer may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the carbon component may be arranged to allow flow of current, e.g. B. in particulate form (with the particles correspondingly touch or close together) and / or as a carbon skeleton.
  • Polymer component and the carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • the polymer component can form a (skeletal) framework in which the
  • Carbon component is added or vice versa.
  • the carbon component may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon component comprises at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, even more preferably
  • the polymer component is in particular in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component.
  • the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
  • polyolefin in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene
  • polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer are examples of polyolefin
  • subcomponent is intended here in particular for
  • first and second polymer subcomponent Distinction between first and second polymer subcomponent can be used.
  • the respective subcomponent can form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • the ethylene acrylate may be ethyl methyl acrylate or ethylene ethyl acrylate.
  • Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
  • PFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester
  • MFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester
  • FEP copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
  • the first polymer subcomponent as in FIG. 1
  • WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed.
  • the second polymer subcomponent can also, as in WO 2014/188190 AI (as a second-term insulating material) describe, be formed.
  • Polymer layer can basically, as described in WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first conductor, second conduction and heating element), be formed (apart from the liquid channels according to the invention).
  • the polymer layer is preferably over at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80% of its side facing the first conductive layer (metal layer) (without consideration of
  • Fluid channel openings) with the first conductive layer (metal layer) in contact with the first conductive layer (metal layer) in contact.
  • the polymer layer over at least 20%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80% of its the second conductive layer (metal layer) facing side (without
  • the polymer layer is preferably a PTC resistor.
  • the polymer layer (s) and / or a corresponding paste for the production thereof may comprise (as in particular crystalline binder) at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. Ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or ethylene / vinyl acetate; and / or at least one polyalkenamer (polyacetylene or polyalkenylene), such as.
  • polyoctenamer and / or at least one, in particular melt-deformable, fluoropolymer, such as.
  • fluoropolymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof.
  • conductive with regard to the conductive components of the liquid heating device is to be understood as an abbreviation for "electrically conductive”.
  • the (respective) carbonaceous coating is preferably a conductive layer having PTC behavior.
  • the liquid heater is preferably designed for operation in the low-voltage range (eg ⁇ 100 volts or ⁇ 60 volts).
  • the liquid heating device may be designed for the high-voltage range (eg> 100 volts, preferably> 400 volts).
  • the polymer layer may be at least partially covered with an electrically insulating layer, in particular at least in the regions of the fluid channels (or at least in the region of the fluid channels).
  • the polymer layer can be applied by applying a corresponding carbon heating paste.
  • this heating paste as proposed in Table I on page 11 of DE 689 23 455 T2.
  • the carbonaceous coating or a to
  • Forming the carbonaceous coating used paste, as described in DE 689 23 455 T2 be formed.
  • the polymer layer is in
  • first and / or second conductive layer metal layer
  • metal layer in particular applied directly (alternatively via a
  • the openings for the liquid channels can be introduced by laser cutting and / or punching, and / or in an extrusion and / or
  • liquid heater in particular water heater, of the above type, wherein liquid, in particular water, flows through the liquid channels and is thereby heated.
  • a liquid heating device in particular water heater, the above type for heating liquid, in particular water, preferably in a vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably for a motor vehicle interior.
  • An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood that (at room temperature of preferably 25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1) has Correspondingly, an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) with electrical conductivity is to be understood as meaning a material which has an electrical conductivity of preferably at least 10 s 1 irr 1 , more preferably at least 10 3 s 1 m -1 (at room temperature of especially 25 ° C).
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic oblique view of an electrical
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic oblique view of an inventive
  • This water heater has a first conductive layer (metal layer) 10, a second conductive layer (metal layer) 11 and a (interposed) polymer layer 12.
  • First and second conductive layers (metal layer) are connected to electrical contacts 15a, 15b.
  • Fluid channels 13 allow water from one of the
  • the polymer layer is a heating element based on polymer with a
  • the polymer layer has a PTC behavior.
  • An arrow 14 indicates the direction of flow of the water.
  • the electric heating element may include a housing 18 (preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique, en particulier un dispositif de chauffage d'eau, de préférence pour un véhicule automobile, lequel dispositif comprend au moins une première couche conductrice, en particulier une première couche métallique (10), une deuxième couche conductrice, en particulier une deuxième couche métallique (11), ainsi qu'une couche polymère (12) qui contient un composant polymère et un composant carboné conducteur et qui est disposé entre la première et la deuxième couche conductrice. Selon l'invention, le dispositif comprend des canaux de liquide (13) destinés à conduire le liquide, en particulier l'eau à chauffer, ces canaux s'étendant d'un premier côté de la couche polymère (12) tourné vers la première couche conductrice (10) à un deuxième côté de la couche polymère (12) tourné vers la deuxième couche conductrice (11).
EP18728818.8A 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121042.3A DE102017121042A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Flüssigkeitsheizgerät, insbesondere Wasserheizgerät
PCT/EP2018/063521 WO2018215551A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3631319A1 true EP3631319A1 (fr) 2020-04-08

Family

ID=64109087

Family Applications (10)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage

Family Applications After (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (9) US20200224926A1 (fr)
EP (10) EP3631313A1 (fr)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (fr)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (fr)
CN (9) CN110678702A (fr)
DE (10) DE102017121062A1 (fr)
WO (12) WO2018215196A1 (fr)

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EP3631312A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
KR20190131117A (ko) 2019-11-25
CN110678705A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215541A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
US20200166242A1 (en) 2020-05-28
CN110662928A (zh) 2020-01-07
US20200224926A1 (en) 2020-07-16
KR20190139282A (ko) 2019-12-17
WO2018215545A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
EP3631318A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
DE102017121045A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121060A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110678702A (zh) 2020-01-10
DE102017121039A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3631315A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
WO2018215534A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
WO2018215537A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
CN110678343A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215536A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
DE102017121040A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110678703A (zh) 2020-01-10
JP2022023890A (ja) 2022-02-08
JP2020521291A (ja) 2020-07-16
EP3631314A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
US20200196395A1 (en) 2020-06-18
WO2018215196A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
EP3631313A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
DE102017121038A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121041A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200094655A1 (en) 2020-03-26
WO2018215551A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
JP2020521272A (ja) 2020-07-16
KR20190139983A (ko) 2019-12-18
US20200094654A1 (en) 2020-03-26
US20210168910A1 (en) 2021-06-03
JP2020520846A (ja) 2020-07-16
WO2018215623A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
DE102017121062A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3631316A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
DE102017121064A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200113019A1 (en) 2020-04-09
CN110691949B (zh) 2022-04-08
EP3630513A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
EP3631317A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
CN110691949A (zh) 2020-01-14
CN110662926A (zh) 2020-01-07
CN110678704A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215197A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
DE102017121063A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215198A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
WO2018215533A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
US20200200435A1 (en) 2020-06-25
DE102017121042A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110662927A (zh) 2020-01-07
US20200173688A1 (en) 2020-06-04
WO2018215546A1 (fr) 2018-11-29

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