EP3631314A1 - Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage - Google Patents

Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage

Info

Publication number
EP3631314A1
EP3631314A1 EP18728811.3A EP18728811A EP3631314A1 EP 3631314 A1 EP3631314 A1 EP 3631314A1 EP 18728811 A EP18728811 A EP 18728811A EP 3631314 A1 EP3631314 A1 EP 3631314A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
heating conductor
polymer structure
air
conductor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18728811.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Michael Schwanecke
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Bengt Meier
Christoph J RG
Vitali Dell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP3631314A1 publication Critical patent/EP3631314A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating conductor and an electrical
  • Heater in particular air heater, preferably for a motor vehicle.
  • Electric air heaters are usually based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strong temperature-dependent electrical resistance, through which a self-regulation of the heat release is possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually made with heat exchanger surfaces
  • a PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, which at low
  • Disadvantages of conventional air heaters with ceramic PTC elements include i.a. an elaborate production by a comparatively complicated heat exchanger production and the installation of the ceramic elements, a usually necessary sorting of the ceramic elements due to manufacturing tolerances, a comparatively unfavorable power density in a heating element heat exchanger composite by a local heat generation, a comparatively strong restriction a maximum heating power through a thickness of the PTC material (due to a limited heat dissipation from the ceramic) and a comparatively high risk of short circuit, in particular due to a small geometric distance of components with a high voltage potential.
  • the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heater, in particular an electric air heater, more preferably for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, wherein the heating conductor is at least partially formed of an open-pore, conductive polymer structure.
  • a central idea of the invention is to propose an electrical heating conductor which is formed (at least partially, for example at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, if appropriate completely) from an open-pored (conductive) polymer structure , This allows a simple, inexpensive production by a few (in a simple manner
  • An open-pore polymer structure is to be understood in particular as meaning a polymer structure which contains a polymer component and has open pores.
  • the pores are preferably irregular in shape (such as in a polymer foam), but may also be formed regularly if desired.
  • Diameter of the pores is preferably ⁇ 2 mm, more preferably ⁇ 0.5 mm. If a diameter of the pores fluctuates, in particular a
  • the porosity (defined as void volume to total volume) is preferably at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and / or at most 90%, preferably
  • the polymer structure comprises (or consists of) a polymer foam.
  • the polymer structure may comprise a polymer knit and / or a polymer fabric and / or a polymer knit and / or a polymer fleece.
  • the polymer structure preferably comprises a (in particular electrically insulating) polymer component and an electrically conductive
  • the heating element of a fluid to be heated in particular air, can flow.
  • the polymer structure may be plate-shaped or generally polyhedral,
  • the polymer structure can be used in particular as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings / pores or
  • Air channels may be formed.
  • the carbon component may be in particulate form and / or as a carbon skeleton.
  • the carbon component may be in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the polymer component may be in the form of an electrically insulating
  • Polymer component may be formed and / or a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate or ethylene acetate copolymer and / or ethylene acrylate or ethylene acrylate copolymer and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or Polyester and / or polyamide and / or
  • Polyether ketone and / or fluoropolymer include.
  • the term "subcomponent" is intended here in particular to distinguish between first and second polymer components. Subcomponent can be used. The respective subcomponent can form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • the polymer structure may alternatively or additionally a particular intrinsically conductive polymer, such as. Polyaniline (PANI) and / or poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT).
  • PANI Polyaniline
  • PEDOT poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene
  • the object is achieved by an electrical heating conductor, preferably for a heating appliance, in particular an electric air heating appliance
  • a vehicle in particular motor vehicle, solved, comprising at least one air duct for passing the air to be heated and at least one heating resistor, which comprises a self-supporting (dimensionally stable), electrically conductive plastic structure, in particular polymer structure.
  • a core idea is that an electric heater, in particular air heater or a corresponding heating element, a heating of the air via an electrically conductive, self-supporting, plastic structure is realized.
  • the plastic structure is preferably dimensionally stable (or self-supporting) in the case of temperatures occurring during operation of the air heater, ie in a temperature range of for example -40 ° C. to 120 or to 200 ° C. or possibly more. This will make the structure easy to produce
  • the heating conductor is non-self-supporting.
  • an air channel extends or several air channels extend through the conductive polymer structure.
  • the corresponding air ducts can therefore already be provided integrally in the plastic structure or be formed by them.
  • an easily manufactured and stable plastic structure for heating the air can be provided.
  • a frame, in particular mounting frame and / or at least one electrical lead can be at least partially or entirely the same material as the
  • the polymer structure is preferably formed as a grid or honeycomb structure. As a result, effective heating can be facilitated in a simple manner.
  • the polymer structure may be made by master molding.
  • the primary forming preferably comprises: casting, in particular injection molding and / or pressure casting, pressing, in particular extrusion and / or compression molding, and / or a
  • the polymer structure is preferably formed in one piece, in particular monolithic, (possibly including a frame, in particular installation frame, and / or at least one electrical supply line).
  • the polymer structure may comprise at least 6, preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 40, air channels (openings or pores).
  • Cross-sections of at least one or more or all air channels (or pores) may be polygonal, in particular hexagonal or quadrangular, preferably rectangular (more preferably square) or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • a cross section within an air duct may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections
  • different air channels may differ or be the same.
  • Short circuits can be a protective layer (paint or seal) on the entire air heater or at least exposed areas of the
  • Polymer structure may be provided.
  • Heater in particular fluid heater, z.
  • liquid or air heater air heater, in particular for a vehicle, preferably for a motor vehicle, comprising a heating conductor of the type described above.
  • the polymer structure is electrically contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a metal sheet and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh.
  • the above object is further achieved by the use of the above heating conductor or the above heating device for heating a fluid, in particular air, preferably in a vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably in a motor vehicle interior.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for operating a heater of the type described above, wherein air flows through the polymer structure and is thereby heated.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor and / or an air heater of the type described above, wherein the
  • Polymer structure is produced by foaming.
  • the individual pores branch out (especially in many cases).
  • the polymer structure is formed as a one-piece, in particular monolithic, structure.
  • the polymer structure is preferably produced by foaming.
  • the polymer structure is preferably dimensionally stable per se, so preferably also retains its shape when other components of the air heater are removed (or have not yet been added or integrated with another
  • the electric air heater preferably has at least one electrical (metallic) connection element, such as preferably a metal wire,
  • the polymer structure can be foamed to such a connection element (or a plurality of connection elements).
  • the carbon component may be formed or arranged to allow flow of current, e.g. B. in particle form (where the particles
  • the polymer structure comprises at least 100 pores, at least 500 pores.
  • Carbon component should be understood as an abbreviation for “electrically conductive” become.
  • the term “insulating”, in particular with regard to the polymer structure is to be understood as an abbreviation for “electrically insulating”.
  • An electrically insulating material is in particular a material to be understood, having at room temperature (25 ° C), an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 irr 1 (possibly less than 10" 8 S 1 m "1). Accordingly, is an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) to be understood with electrical conductivity, a material that is an electrical
  • the polymer structure may be formed as a polymer plate (with corresponding openings or air channels).
  • Polymer component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • the first component and carbon component are preferably mixed together or intertwined.
  • Polymer component form a (skeletal) framework in which the
  • Carbon component is added or vice versa.
  • the polymer structure comprises at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, more preferably at least 15% by weight, even more preferably at least 20% by weight and / or less than 50%.
  • Carbon possibly without consideration of a carbon content of the polymer as such
  • the carbon component such as. B. the carbon particles.
  • the carbon component comprises at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight of carbon.
  • the polymer component is in particular in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component or comprises such.
  • the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
  • Ethylene acrylate (copolymer) and / or a second polymer component based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer include.
  • the term "subcomponent" is to be used here in particular to distinguish between the first and second polymer subcomponent .
  • the particular subcomponent may form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
  • PFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester
  • MFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester
  • FEP copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
  • the first polymer subcomponent as in FIG. 1
  • WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed.
  • the second polymer subcomponent can likewise be formed as described in WO 2014/188190 A1 (as a second-electrically insulating material).
  • the polymer structure may be contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • a metal structure preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal mesh (electrically).
  • the polymer structure and / or a corresponding substance to be shaped out (eg paste) for the production thereof may (in particular crystalline
  • Binder comprise at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. As ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or
  • polyacetylene or polyalkenylene such as.
  • polyoctenamer such as.
  • fluoropolymer such as.
  • polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof As polyvinylidene fluoride and / or copolymers thereof.
  • Binders (especially according to p. 4, 2nd paragraph and p. 5, 1st paragraph of
  • the polymer structure is preferably a PTC resistor.
  • Polymer body especially with regard to the pores (openings) for the air to be heated, a high component surface can be realized, which allows a high heat output with low space due to a good convective heat transfer.
  • metallic connecting elements of the electrical resistance in the transition into the polymer structure (or a polymer material of the
  • Polymer structure are minimized and the risk of deterioration of the contact over the life can be reduced.
  • the polymer structure can not only fulfill the task of a heat conductor, but at the same time enable further functions as an (integral) component, in particular forming a frame or connecting surfaces for the heater.
  • the air heater is preferably designed for operation in the low-voltage range (eg ⁇ 100 volts or ⁇ 60 volts).
  • the heating conductor or at least its conductive polymer structure may comprise a plurality of parts, which are optionally electrically connected to each other in series or parallel connection.
  • the heating conductor or at least its conductive structure can be arranged meandering.
  • the above object is further achieved by a method for producing a heat conductor or heater of the above type, wherein the
  • Air ducts (openings or pores) produced during the prototyping. Furthermore, electrical connection structures during the prototyping with the
  • Plastic structure are connected, in particular embedded in these.
  • motor vehicle comprising the above electric heater and / or the above heating conductor.
  • prototypes are understood to mean a production method in which a (solid) body is produced from an informal or deformable (eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable) material that is dimensionally stable (or a geometrically defined shape Has).
  • an informal or deformable eg liquid, pasty, pasty or plastically deformable
  • a tool for carrying out the primary shaping eg injection molding tool
  • At least one electrical connection element such as preferably a metal wire, metal grid, metal sheet and / or sheet metal Strip, are connected to the polymer structure, preferably in the
  • Embedded polymer structure Under a compound is in particular a cohesive (solid) connection to understand. Alternatively or additionally, a positive connection (eg by means of corresponding projections or recesses provided on the connection element) is provided.
  • a positive connection eg by means of corresponding projections or recesses provided on the connection element.
  • Mold in particular injection molding tool, arranged (or inserted into such).
  • prototyping eg.
  • Injection molding in the mold (injection mold) connecting cables are inserted from sheet metal strips.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side view of the air heater according to FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the air heater of FIG .. 3
  • the same reference numerals are used for identical and equivalent parts.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic front view of an electric air heater according to the invention.
  • the air heater comprises an electrical heating conductor, which is designed as an open-pored, conductive polymer structure 10.
  • the polymer structure 10 is connected via electrical terminal strips 11 with contacts 12a, 12b for their contacting.
  • contacts 12a, 12b for their contacting.
  • FIG. 2 In the sectional side view according to FIG. 2, in particular the flow direction of an air flow can be seen, which is indicated by the arrow 13.
  • the electrical connection strips are preferably made of metal.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of another embodiment of an electric air heater according to the invention.
  • the air heater has a plastic structure (polymer structure) 10.
  • air channels 15 are integrated.
  • the air channels 15 are formed by a corresponding honeycomb structure 17.
  • the honeycomb structure 17 is stabilized by frame parts 18.
  • the frame parts 18 are (integral) part of
  • the frame members 18 not only stabilize the honeycomb structure 17 (or the plastic structure 10 as a whole), but also form electrical connection elements, which conduct a current at a
  • FIG. 4 A corresponding side view of a section is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the frame parts 18 can be supplemented to a (circumferential) frame.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un conducteur chauffant électrique, en particulier pour un dispositif de chauffage électrique, de préférence un dispositif de chauffage d'air, ce conducteur chauffant étant constitué au moins en partie d'une structure polymère (10) conductrice à pores ouverts.
EP18728811.3A 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121063.6A DE102017121063A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Heizleiter sowie Heizgerät
PCT/EP2018/063494 WO2018215533A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3631314A1 true EP3631314A1 (fr) 2020-04-08

Family

ID=64109087

Family Applications (10)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage

Family Applications After (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (9) US20200224926A1 (fr)
EP (10) EP3631313A1 (fr)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (fr)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (fr)
CN (9) CN110678702A (fr)
DE (10) DE102017121062A1 (fr)
WO (12) WO2018215196A1 (fr)

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KR20190131117A (ko) 2019-11-25
CN110678705A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215541A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
US20200166242A1 (en) 2020-05-28
CN110662928A (zh) 2020-01-07
US20200224926A1 (en) 2020-07-16
KR20190139282A (ko) 2019-12-17
WO2018215545A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
EP3631318A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
DE102017121045A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121060A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110678702A (zh) 2020-01-10
DE102017121039A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3631315A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
WO2018215534A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
WO2018215537A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
CN110678343A (zh) 2020-01-10
EP3631319A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
WO2018215536A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
DE102017121040A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110678703A (zh) 2020-01-10
JP2022023890A (ja) 2022-02-08
JP2020521291A (ja) 2020-07-16
US20200196395A1 (en) 2020-06-18
WO2018215196A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
EP3631313A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
DE102017121038A1 (de) 2018-11-29
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US20200094655A1 (en) 2020-03-26
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US20210168910A1 (en) 2021-06-03
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WO2018215623A1 (fr) 2018-11-29
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CN110691949A (zh) 2020-01-14
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US20200200435A1 (en) 2020-06-25
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US20200173688A1 (en) 2020-06-04
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