CN110662926A - 加热器和用于制造加热器的方法 - Google Patents

加热器和用于制造加热器的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110662926A
CN110662926A CN201880034422.7A CN201880034422A CN110662926A CN 110662926 A CN110662926 A CN 110662926A CN 201880034422 A CN201880034422 A CN 201880034422A CN 110662926 A CN110662926 A CN 110662926A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heater
polymer structure
polymer
fluid
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201880034422.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
M·措斯克
M·施瓦内克
V·伊利琴科
B·迈尔
C·约尔格
V·戴尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Original Assignee
Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH filed Critical Webasto Thermosysteme GmbH
Publication of CN110662926A publication Critical patent/CN110662926A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造尤其用于机动车的电的加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器的方法，其中，至少一个导电的聚合物结构(10)通过原型成型来制造，所述导电的聚合物结构包含聚合物成分和导电成分、尤其碳成分，其中，用于引导待加热的流体通过的流体通道(13)在原型成型制造期间被引入到所述聚合物结构中。

Description

加热器和用于制造加热器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加热器、尤其是用于机动车的加热器，以及一种用于制造加热器的方法。
背景技术
电加热器、尤其空气加热器(尤其是在移动应用中所使用的电的空气加热器)通常基于具有较大温度依赖性的电阻的陶瓷加热元件，通过该电阻能够实现放热的自调节。所述电阻通常是陶瓷PTC元件(PTC代表Positive Temperature Coefficient：正温度系数)。所述陶瓷PTC元件通常与由铝板构成的传热装置面连接并且由此也被电接触。PTC元件包括PTC电阻，即与温度有关的具有正温度系数的电阻，所述电阻在低温的情况下比在高温的情况下更好地导电。
传统的加热器、尤其具有陶瓷PTC元件的空气加热器的缺点在于，由于传热装置的加工和陶瓷元件的安装较复杂而进行费事制造，由于制造公差而通常需要对陶瓷元件进行分类，在加热元件-传热装置复合结构中由于局部的热量产生而出现较不利的功率密度，由于PTC材料的厚度(由于从陶瓷中的放热受限)而较强地限制最大的加热功率，以及尤其由于具有高电压差的构件的小几何间距而出现较大的短路危险。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提出一种用于制造加热器、尤其空气加热器或液体加热器的方法，其中，可以实现流体的有效加热。此外，应提出一种相应的空气加热器。
该任务尤其通过根据权利要求1所述的方法来解决。
尤其，该任务通过一种用于制造优选用于行驶工具、尤其用于机动车的电加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器的方法来解决，其中，通过原型成型来制造至少一个导电的聚合物结构，其中，所述聚合物结构包含聚合物成分和导电成分、尤其碳成分，其中，在原型成型制造期间将用于引导待加热的流体通过的流体通道(开口)引入到所述聚合物结构中。
本发明的核心思想在于，制造一种用于对加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器中的流体(尤其水、优选冷却水，或空气、优选用于尤其行驶工具内部空间的加热空气)进行加热的(导电的)聚合物结构，其中，在原型成型期间制造或引入用于引导流体(流体通道)通过的集成开口。由此，可以以简单和有效的方式实现一种加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器，所述加热器能够实现有效的运行。
优选，聚合物结构具有多个流体通道、例如多于十个流体通道。
优选，聚合物结构构造为一件式结构，尤其是整体结构。
优选，可以设置刚好一个聚合物结构或替代地设置多个聚合物结构。
原型成型可以包括铸造、尤其注塑和/或压铸、压制(Pressen)、尤其挤出和/或压制成型、和/或发泡(发泡固定)。
基本上，原型成型应理解为一种由无形状的或者说可变形的(例如液态、膏状、糊状或可塑性变形的)材料来制造(固)体(其尤其具有几何限定的形状)的制造方法。
聚合物结构的延伸尺度(沿流动方向)优选为至少5mm、进一步优选为至少10mm。
聚合物结构优选本身是形状稳定的，即，即使移除了加热器的其它部件(或者还未添加其它部件或者在集成有其它部件的情况下未设置这些其他部件，这可以通过在无其它部件的情况下制造相应的比较对象来确定)，聚合物结构也保持它的形状。形状稳定的实施尤其不排除以下情况：聚合物结构在外力作用下可弹性地和/或可塑性地变形。
用于执行原型成型的模具(例如注塑模具)优选相应地具有与流体通道对应的制造结构(例如相应的凸起)。
在原型成型期间，至少一个电连接元件如优选金属丝、金属格栅、金属板和/或金属板条可以与聚合物结构连接、优选被嵌入到聚合物结构中。连接尤其应理解为材料锁合的(固定)连接。替代或附加地，设置形状锁合连接(例如通过设置在连接元件上的相应凸起或凹口)。“嵌入到聚合物结构中”尤其应理解为，至少一个电连接元件从多于仅一侧处与聚合物结构接触，或者说电连接元件的至少50％被聚合物结构覆盖。
优选，至少一个(所述至少一个)电连接元件在原型成型、尤其注塑成型之前布置在成型模具中、尤其注塑模具中(或者置于其中)。尤其，在原型成型(例如注塑)之前已经可以将由金属板条和/或丝线和/或绞合线和/或编织物和/或类似物构成的连接导线置入成型模具(注塑模具)中。
此外，上述任务通过尤其用于行驶工具的、优选用于机动车的、进一步优选根据上述方法制造的电加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器来解决，所述电加热器包括至少一个导电的聚合物结构，其中，所述聚合物结构包含(必要时不导电的)聚合物成分和导电的(填充)成分，尤其是碳成分，其中，所述聚合物结构具有用于引导待加热的流体通过的流体通道(开口)，其中，通过原型成型在制造聚合物结构期间引入流体通道(这在成品中尤其可以通过对流体通道壁的表面进行试验来确定)。
电的流体加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器优选具有至少一个电连接元件，如优选金属丝、金属格栅、金属板和/或金属板条。
聚合物结构优选具有格栅结构、蜂窝结构或网状结构。
聚合物结构中的流体通道的横截面可以为聚合物结构的总横截面的至少5％、优选至少10％、进一步优选至少20％。此外，聚合物结构中的流体通道的横截面可以为聚合物结构的总横截面的至多80％。
导电成分，尤其是碳成分可以以颗粒形式存在和/或作为碳框架(Kohlengerüst)存在。
因此，导电成分、尤其碳成分可以这样构造或布置，使得其例如以颗粒形式(其中，颗粒相应彼此触碰或者紧靠在一起)和/或作为(碳)框架来实现电流流动。导电成分可以包括金属颗粒和/或金属纤维。碳成分可以以炭黑和/或石墨和/或石墨烯和/或碳纤维和/或碳纳米管和/或富勒烯的形式存在。
聚合物结构可以具有电绝缘的聚合物成分。
优选，聚合物结构包括至少六个、进一步优选至少十个、更进一步优选至少四十个流体通道。
此外，上述任务通过一种用于运行上述类型的或根据上述类型的方法制造的流体加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器的方法来解决，其中，流体流动通过这些流体通道并且在此期间被加热。
此外，上述任务通过尤其在行驶工具中、优选机动车、进一步优选针对机动车内室使用上述类型的或根据上述用于加热空气的方法所制造的流体加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器来解决。
此外，上述任务通过包括上述类型的或根据上述方法制造的流体加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器的行驶工具来解决。
聚合物结构优选是一种具有PTC特性的导电结构。
至少一个或多个或所有流体通道的横截面可以是多边形的、尤其是四边形的、优选是矩形的(进一步优选是正方形的)，或者是卵形的、尤其是椭圆形的、优选是(正)圆形的。流体通道内的横截面可以(在其长度上)变化或是恒定的。不同流体通道的横截面也可以彼此不同或者相同。
为了保护以防机械损坏、湿气和/或短路，可以在整个加热器或者聚合物结构的至少暴露的区域上设置保护层(涂漆或密封)。
在聚合物结构(或者塑料成分)方面的术语“导电”应理解为“能传导电”的缩写。
聚合物结构可以构造为(具有相应的开口或者说流体通道的)聚合物板。
聚合物成分和导电(碳)成分优选彼此混合或者说彼此交织。例如，聚合物成分可以构成(骨架状)框架，在该框架中接收有导电成分，或者反之。
优选，聚合物结构的至少5％(重量)、优选至少10％(重量)、进一步优选至少15％(重量)、更进一步优选至少20％(重量)和/或小于50％由碳(必要时不考虑聚合物本身的碳含量)或者由碳成分、例如碳颗粒构成。
优选，碳成分至少50％(重量)、进一步优选至少70％(重量)由碳构成。
聚合物成分尤其以电绝缘的聚合物成分的形式构成。
在一些实施方式中，聚合物成分可以具有基于乙酸乙烯酯(乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)和/或丙烯酸乙烯酯(丙烯酸乙烯酯共聚物)的第一聚合物子成分和/或包括基于聚烯烃、尤其聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯和/或基于聚酯和/或聚酰胺和/或含氟聚合物的第二聚合物子成分。在此，术语“子成分”应尤其用于区分第一聚合物子成分和第二聚合物子成分。对应的子成分可以或者部分地或者完全地构成聚合物成分。丙烯酸乙烯酯可以是丙烯酸甲酯乙酯或丙烯酸乙烯乙酯。乙酸乙烯酯可以是乙酸乙烯酯。聚乙烯可以是HD(高密度)聚乙烯、MD(中密度)聚乙烯、LD(低密度)聚乙烯。含氟聚合物可以是PFA(由四氟乙烯和全氟丙基乙烯酯构成的共聚物)、MFA(由四氟乙烯和全氟乙烯酯构成的共聚物)、FEP(由四氟乙烯和六氟丙烯构成的共聚物)、ETFE(由乙烯和四氟乙烯构成的共聚物)或PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)。
在一些实施方式中，第一聚合物子成分可以如在WO 2014/188190A1中(作为第一电绝缘材料)所述那样构造。第二聚合物子成分也可以如在WO 2014/188190 A1中(作为第二电绝缘材料)所述那样构造。
所述一个或多个聚合物结构可以通过至少一种金属结构，优选(尤其弯曲的)金属板、优选铜板，和/或金属条和/或金属丝和/或金属格栅，来进行(电)接触(或被接触)。
替代或附加地，例如可以将金属结构(或相应的电极)印制到衬底和/或聚合物覆层上(和/或通过气相沉积(Aufdampfen)和/或切割和/或涂覆来施加)。
所述一个或多个聚合物结构和/或用于其制造的相应待成型的物质(例如膏)可以包括至少一种聚合物(作为尤其晶体粘结剂)，该聚合物优选基于至少一种烯烃和/或基于至少一种共聚物，该共聚物由至少一种烯烃和至少一种可与其共聚的单体构成，例如由乙烯/丙烯酸和/或乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯和/或乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯构成，和/或基于至少一种聚烷胺(聚乙炔或聚烯基)，例如聚己烯胺，和/或基于至少一种尤其可熔融变形的含氟聚合物，例如聚偏氟乙烯和/或其共聚物。
一般，聚合物结构或用于制造聚合物结构的物质(膏)可以如在DE 689 23 455 T2中所述那样构造。尤其，这也适用于所述聚合物结构的制造和/或具体的组成。例如，这也适用于可能的粘结剂(尤其根据DE 689 23 455 T2的第4页第2段和第5页第1段)和/或溶剂(尤其根据DE 689 23 455 T2的第5页第2段和第6页第2段)。
所述聚合物结构优选是PTC电阻。由此，可以实现温度的自调节，这简化了控制并且尤其提高了运行时的安全性。
通过专门在用于待加热流体的流体通道(开口)方面相应地选择聚合物结构(聚合物体)的几何形状，可以实现大的构件表面，该构件表面由于良好的对流式热量传输可以在安装空间小的情况下实现高加热功率。
同样可以通过金属连接元件(金属导线)的相应几何形状或表面使在传输到聚合物结构(或聚合物结构的聚合物材料)中时的电阻最小化并且可以在使用寿命内减小接触恶化的危险。
为了改善聚合物结构和电连接元件之间的接触，可以(例如通过喷砂)使电连接元件变粗糙和/或可以将孔和/或侧凹部引入到(对应的)连接元件中。替代或附加地，丝线编织物、丝线交织物和/或丝线针织物可以设置为连接元件。
必要时，聚合物结构不仅能够满足加热导体的任务，而且可以作为(整体)构件同时实现其它功能，尤其构成用于加热器的框架或连接面。
总体上，可以通过(以简单的方式能自动化的)很少的工艺步骤并且以低成本的材料实现简单和低成本的制造。在安装空间需求低的情况下可以实现高的加热功率。尤其，待加热的流体仅经历较小的压力损失。此外，可以在结构设计、尤其在尺寸、供电电压和几何尺寸方面实现很高的灵活性。
流体加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器优选设计为用于在低电压范围(例如小于等于100伏或小于等于60伏)内运行。
加热器可以构造为用于以交流电流或直流电流运行。脉冲宽度调制的供电是可能的。
电绝缘材料尤其应理解为在室温(25℃)的情况下具有小于10-1S·m-1(必要时小于10-8S·m-1)的导电能力的材料。相应地，具有导电能力的电导体或材料(或覆层)应理解为(在室温尤其为25℃的情况下)具有优选至少10S·m-1、进一步优选至少103S·m-1的导电能力的材料。
其他实施方式由从属权利要求得到。
附图说明
下面，根据实施例描述本发明，依照附图更详细地阐述这些实施例。在此，
图1示出根据本发明的电的空气加热器的示意性正视图；
图2示出根据图1的空气加热器的侧视图；
图3示出根据图1的加热器的截面图；和
图4示出根据图1的空气加热器的另一截面视图。
在以下描述中，相同和作用相同的部件使用相同的附图数字。
具体实施方式
图1a示出根据本发明的电的空气加热器的示意性正视图。空气加热器具有聚合物结构10以及电触点11和12。聚合物结构10具有多个流体通道13，这些流体通道在此(可选地)具有矩形的横截面。流体通道13(有规律地)布置成多个行和列(这不是强制性的)。
在根据图3和4的截面视图中设置电连接元件14、14a(例如连接条或板带)，所述电连接元件被嵌入聚合物结构10中(也参见图4)。连接元件14a将连接元件14与触点11、12连接。
在图2和4中通过箭头15示意性绘出空气流。
如可以在图3中进一步看出，电连接元件14(连接条)相互连接，使得确保了(经由电触点11、12进行的)电连接。
聚合物结构10是一种基于具有碳含量的聚合物的聚合物结构。该聚合物结构具有PTC特性。
电连接元件14优选由金属构成。
电供给尤其可以通过直流电流进行。
在这里需要指出的是，上述所有部件、尤其是在附图中所示的细节本身单独来看并且以任意组合的方式作为本发明的重要内容而被要求保护。对它们的修改对于本领域技术人员而言是惯常手段。
附图标记列表
10 聚合物结构
11 电触点
12 电触点
13 流体通道
14 电连接元件
15 箭头

Claims (14)

1.一种用于制造尤其用于机动车的电的加热器、优选液体加热器或空气加热器的方法，其中，至少一个导电的聚合物结构(10)通过原型成型来制造，所述导电的聚合物结构包含聚合物成分和导电成分、尤其碳成分，其中，用于引导待加热的流体通过的流体通道(13)在原型成型制造期间被引入到所述聚合物结构中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述原型成型包括：铸造、尤其注塑成型和/或压铸成型、压制、尤其挤出和/或模压、和/或发泡。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在原型成型期间，至少一个电连接元件(14)如优选金属丝(金属)格栅、(金属)条、金属板和/或金属板条与所述聚合物结构连接，优选被嵌入到所述聚合物结构中。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个/所述至少一个电连接元件(14)在原型成型、尤其注塑成型之前布置在成型模具、尤其注塑模具中。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述聚合物结构(10)构成格栅结构、蜂窝结构或网状结构。
6.一种电的加热器、尤其液体加热器或空气加热器，其尤其用于机动车、优选根据上述权利要求之一制造，该电加热器包括至少一个导电的聚合物结构(10)，其中，所述聚合物结构(10)包含聚合物成分和碳成分，其中，所述聚合物结构具有用于引导待加热的流体通过的流体通道(13)，其中，所述流体通道通过所述聚合物结构的原型成型制造被引入。
7.根据权利要求6所述的加热器，其特征在于，至少一个电连接元件(14)如优选金属丝、(金属)格栅、(金属)条、金属板和/或金属板条与所述聚合物结构连接、优选被嵌入到所述聚合物结构中。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的加热器，其特征在于，所述聚合物结构包括格栅结构、蜂窝结构或网状结构。
9.根据上述权利要求6至8之一所述的加热器，其特征在于，所述聚合物结构(10)中的所述流体通道的横截面为所述聚合物结构的总横截面的至少5％、优选至少10％、进一步优选至少20％和/或至多80％。
10.根据上述权利要求6至9之一所述的加热器，其特征在于，所述碳成分以颗粒形式存在和/或作为碳框架存在和/或以炭黑和/或石墨和/或石墨烯和/或碳纤维和/或碳纳米管的形式存在。
11.根据上述权利要求6至10之一所述的加热器，其特征在于，所述聚合物结构(10)具有电绝缘的聚合物成分。
12.根据上述权利要求5至11之一所述的加热器，其特征在于，所述聚合物结构(10)包括至少六个、优选至少十个、进一步优选至少四十个流体通道。
13.一种用于运行根据权利要求6至12之一所述的加热器或根据权利要求1至5之一制造的加热器的方法，其中，流体、尤其液体或空气流动通过所述流体通道(13)并且在此期间被加热。
14.一种根据权利要求6至12之一所述的加热器或根据权利要求1至5之一制造的加热器的使用，该加热器用于尤其在机动车中加热流体，尤其是液体、优选水或空气，优选用于机动车内部空间。
CN201880034422.7A 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 加热器和用于制造加热器的方法 Pending CN110662926A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378.9 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373.8 2017-05-24
DE102017115148.6 2017-07-06
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121041.5A DE102017121041A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Heizgerät und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben
DE102017121041.5 2017-09-12
PCT/EP2018/063508 WO2018215541A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Heizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung desselben

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110662926A true CN110662926A (zh) 2020-01-07

Family

ID=64109087

Family Applications (9)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201880034605.9A Pending CN110678705A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 用于行驶工具的空气加热器
CN201880034357.8A Pending CN110678702A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 空气加热器
CN201880034338.5A Active CN110691949B (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电加热器，用于制造和运行这种电加热器的方法以及这种加热器的使用
CN201880034422.7A Pending CN110662926A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 加热器和用于制造加热器的方法
CN201880034356.3A Pending CN110678343A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电加热器
CN201880034427.XA Pending CN110678703A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 加热器以及用于制造这种加热器的方法，用于运行这种加热器的方法和这种加热器的使用
CN201880034457.0A Pending CN110662927A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 液体加热器，尤其水加热器
CN201880034459.XA Withdrawn CN110662928A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电的液体加热器和电的液体加热器以及加热导体的使用
CN201880034461.7A Pending CN110678704A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 流体加热器和用于制造流体加热器的方法

Family Applications Before (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201880034605.9A Pending CN110678705A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 用于行驶工具的空气加热器
CN201880034357.8A Pending CN110678702A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 空气加热器
CN201880034338.5A Active CN110691949B (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电加热器，用于制造和运行这种电加热器的方法以及这种加热器的使用

Family Applications After (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201880034356.3A Pending CN110678343A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电加热器
CN201880034427.XA Pending CN110678703A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 加热器以及用于制造这种加热器的方法，用于运行这种加热器的方法和这种加热器的使用
CN201880034457.0A Pending CN110662927A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 液体加热器，尤其水加热器
CN201880034459.XA Withdrawn CN110662928A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 电的液体加热器和电的液体加热器以及加热导体的使用
CN201880034461.7A Pending CN110678704A (zh) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 流体加热器和用于制造流体加热器的方法

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (9) US20200224926A1 (zh)
EP (10) EP3631313A1 (zh)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (zh)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (zh)
CN (9) CN110678705A (zh)
DE (10) DE102017121064A1 (zh)
WO (12) WO2018215196A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017121064A1 (de) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Wasserheizgerät
US10969141B2 (en) * 2018-03-13 2021-04-06 Ngb Innovations Llc Regulating temperature and reducing buildup in a water heating system
DE102019202543A1 (de) 2019-02-26 2020-08-27 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg PTC-Heizelement und elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit einem solchen PTC-Heizelement
DE102019113518A1 (de) * 2019-05-21 2020-11-26 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Fluidheizer und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN110435385B (zh) * 2019-07-10 2024-05-10 芜湖汉特威电热科技有限公司 一种用于新能源汽车空调的混合式加热器暖风芯体
DE102020113124A1 (de) * 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC-Heizzelle und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE102020123131A1 (de) 2020-09-04 2022-03-10 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Fluidheizer
DE102021103480A1 (de) * 2021-02-15 2022-08-18 Tdk Electronics Ag PTC Heizelement, elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Verwendung eines PTC Heizelements
KR102412198B1 (ko) * 2021-03-23 2022-06-23 엘에스자기장보일러 주식회사 보일러용 발열장치

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3459924A (en) * 1968-09-25 1969-08-05 Dow Chemical Co Electrical open cell heating element
DE4213510C1 (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-08-19 Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De Electric heating arrangement in vehicle heating and ventilation system - is formed by grill located in air outlet and moulded in conductive polymer
EP1407907A1 (de) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Behr GmbH & Co. Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme
EP1839920A1 (de) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Elektrischer Heizer für eine Heizungs- oder Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
CN202764656U (zh) * 2012-09-11 2013-03-06 钡泰电子陶瓷股份有限公司 车辆室内用的加热器
CN104955666A (zh) * 2013-01-29 2015-09-30 汉拿伟世通空调有限公司 用于机动车辆的加热器
CN105025596A (zh) * 2015-08-03 2015-11-04 深圳山源电器股份有限公司 一种散热基体及密封型ptc热敏电阻加热器

Family Cites Families (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3163841A (en) * 1962-01-02 1964-12-29 Corning Glass Works Electric resistance heater
US3501619A (en) * 1965-07-15 1970-03-17 Texas Instruments Inc Self-regulating thermal apparatus
US3666924A (en) * 1970-11-16 1972-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electric resistance convection heater
US3965047A (en) * 1971-07-20 1976-06-22 Ernest K. Cleland Electrical resistant fluid-permeable heat generating member and method of producing the same
DE2305105B2 (de) * 1973-02-02 1978-05-03 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen Poröses Heizelement
JPS5221630Y2 (zh) * 1973-04-18 1977-05-18
DE2519623A1 (de) * 1975-05-02 1976-11-11 Peter Christian Dipl Kalischer Elektrischer durchlauferhitzer
JPS5553100Y2 (zh) * 1975-11-07 1980-12-09
ES454025A1 (es) * 1975-12-08 1977-11-16 Raychem Corp Perfeccionamientos en elementos de calentamiento.
JPS60145594U (ja) * 1984-03-02 1985-09-27 東京コスモス電機株式会社 面状発熱体用抵抗体
US4882466A (en) * 1988-05-03 1989-11-21 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices comprising conductive polymers
US5057673A (en) * 1988-05-19 1991-10-15 Fluorocarbon Company Self-current-limiting devices and method of making same
CN2036340U (zh) * 1988-06-25 1989-04-19 辽宁省日用电器研究所 正温度系数热敏电阻发热体换热器
US5093036A (en) * 1988-09-20 1992-03-03 Raychem Corporation Conductive polymer composition
CN2067056U (zh) * 1990-03-31 1990-12-05 中国科学院上海硅酸盐所 正温度系数热敏陶瓷(ptc)热风机加热器
US5245161A (en) * 1990-08-31 1993-09-14 Tokyo Kogyo Boyeki Shokai, Ltd. Electric heater
US5344591A (en) * 1990-11-08 1994-09-06 Smuckler Jack H Self-regulating laminar heating device and method of forming same
CN2230894Y (zh) * 1995-06-08 1996-07-10 尹继新 流动液体电加热器
JPH09184771A (ja) * 1995-12-28 1997-07-15 Mikuni Corp 給湯器の過熱検知用センサ
JPH09213455A (ja) * 1996-02-05 1997-08-15 Kyocera Corp ウエハ保持装置の給電構造
US6236302B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2001-05-22 Bourns, Inc. Multilayer conductive polymer device and method of manufacturing same
US6194692B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2001-02-27 Engelhard Corporation Electric heating sheet and method of making the same
US6299801B1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2001-10-09 Tdk Corporation Organic positive temperature coefficient thermistor
CN2362037Y (zh) * 1998-12-09 2000-02-02 杨广斌 液体管道加热器
JP2000252044A (ja) * 1999-03-02 2000-09-14 Hitachi Cable Ltd 面状発熱体及びその製造方法
TW487742B (en) * 1999-05-10 2002-05-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrode for PTC thermistor, manufacture thereof, and PTC thermistor
JP2001035640A (ja) * 1999-07-16 2001-02-09 Tokin Corp Ｐｔｃ素子及びその製造方法
US6288372B1 (en) * 1999-11-03 2001-09-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection
JP3659226B2 (ja) * 2000-02-01 2005-06-15 宇部興産株式会社 導電性ポリマー組成物およびｐｔｃ素子
IT249474Y1 (it) * 2000-02-17 2003-05-19 Eltek Spa Radiatore elettrico.
KR100352892B1 (ko) * 2000-05-22 2002-09-16 주식회사 팍스텍 박막 발열체의 제조방법 및 이것을 이용한 발열장치
CN100409373C (zh) * 2001-04-06 2008-08-06 宝电通科技股份有限公司 用于正温度系数热敏电阻元件的复合结构材料及其制法
US6957013B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2005-10-18 Algas-Sdi International Llc Fluid heater
DE10201262B4 (de) * 2002-01-15 2006-09-07 Webasto Ag Widerstandsheizelement
JP2003317906A (ja) * 2002-04-24 2003-11-07 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd セラミックスヒータ
ITPN20020086A1 (it) * 2002-11-07 2004-05-08 Irca Spa Condotto con resistenza elettrica perfezionata e
ES2263730T3 (es) * 2002-12-19 2006-12-16 CATEM GMBH & CO.KG Dispositivo calefactor electrico con cuerpo envolvente.
JP2004273227A (ja) * 2003-03-07 2004-09-30 Kawaguchi Gosei Kk 面状発熱体
ATE385470T1 (de) * 2003-03-13 2008-02-15 Behr Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrische heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein kraftfahrzeug
JP2005001447A (ja) * 2003-06-10 2005-01-06 Denso Corp 電気ヒータ、暖房用熱交換器および車両用空調装置
US20070007274A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2007-01-11 Christophe Aloup Heating resistive element and heating assembly comprising same
DE102004045668A1 (de) * 2003-10-31 2005-06-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch beheizbare Kunststoffmatrix
DE102004020821A1 (de) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-24 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Elektrisches Heizelement für Warmwasserbereiter
KR20060018174A (ko) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-28 한라공조주식회사 보조히터
CN2861852Y (zh) * 2005-09-24 2007-01-24 朱祥 石油加热器
KR100749886B1 (ko) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-21 (주) 나노텍 탄소나노튜브를 이용한 발열체
EP1912028B1 (de) * 2006-10-11 2016-03-30 Mahle Behr France Rouffach S.A.S Elektrische Heizungsanordnung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
EP1933598B1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2013-11-13 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Elektrischer Heizer oder Zuheizer, insbesondere für einer Heizungs- oder Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP1933597B1 (de) * 2006-12-11 2014-02-26 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Elektrischer Heizer oder Zuheizer, insbesondere für eine Heizungs- oder Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP2017546B1 (de) * 2007-07-18 2016-04-13 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum Herstellen einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung sowie elektrischer Heizvorrichtungen
KR100880773B1 (ko) * 2008-01-23 2009-02-02 (주) 씨엠테크 유체 가열장치
EP2109347B1 (de) * 2008-04-11 2015-03-11 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Elektrische Vorrichtung zum Heizen insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges
EP2131117B1 (de) * 2008-06-04 2016-02-10 Mahle Behr France Rouffach S.A.S Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage mit PTC-Heizeinrichtung
CN201230379Y (zh) * 2008-07-16 2009-04-29 苏伟锋 Ptc发热元件
US8716633B2 (en) 2009-10-13 2014-05-06 Uniplatek Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing PTC device and system for preventing overheating of planar heaters using the same
US20110110652A1 (en) * 2009-11-09 2011-05-12 Technical Analysis & Services International, Inc. (TASI) Active air heater
DE102009057749A1 (de) * 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Radiatorelement, Zuheizer und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Radiatorelementes
CN201639793U (zh) * 2010-03-30 2010-11-17 东莞宏威数码机械有限公司 平板层叠式加热装置
DE102010033092A1 (de) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelektronisches Leuchtmodul und Kfz-Scheinwerfer
DE102010033309A1 (de) * 2010-08-04 2012-02-09 Ingo Schehr Wärmetauscher-Lamellenmodul, Wärmetauscher und elektrisches Heizmodul
DE102010037132A1 (de) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeug-Heizvorrichtung
EP2428747B1 (de) * 2010-09-13 2015-04-08 MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG Wärmeübertrager
DE102011075383A1 (de) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-08 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Temperierbare Rohrleitung für Offshoreanwendungen
CN102833896A (zh) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-19 上海华族实业有限公司 基于物联网通信的采用压接固定的电加热器
DE102011077922A1 (de) * 2011-06-21 2012-12-27 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager
FR2981437B1 (fr) * 2011-10-14 2018-04-27 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Module de chauffe isole pour dispositif de chauffage additionnel
DE102011054752B4 (de) * 2011-10-24 2014-09-04 Stego-Holding Gmbh Kühl- und Haltekörper für Heizelemente, Heizgerät und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kühl- und Haltekörpers
CN202475806U (zh) * 2011-11-09 2012-10-03 芜湖华族实业有限公司 散热片卡接式陶瓷ptc电加热器
DE102011121451B4 (de) * 2011-12-16 2023-02-02 Audi Ag Heizvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug und ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Heizvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Heizvorrichtung
DE102011057108A1 (de) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung mit Wärmeabschirmung
JP6035351B2 (ja) * 2012-02-28 2016-11-30 ハラ、ビステオン、クライメイト、コントロール コーポレーション 車両用ヒータ
CN202551366U (zh) * 2012-03-28 2012-11-21 熊欣 一种ptc汽车液体加热器
DE102012207301A1 (de) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-07 Webasto Ag Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug und Verfahren zum Kühlen einer elektronischen Steuereinrichtung der Heizvorrichtung
WO2013171079A1 (de) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-21 Behr-Hella Thermocontrol Gmbh Elektrische fahrzeugheizung, insbesondere für fahrzeuge mit hybridantrieb oder mit elektroantrieb
CN202648155U (zh) * 2012-05-25 2013-01-02 比亚迪股份有限公司 一种电加热装置的壳体、电加热装置以及电动车
DE102012211173A1 (de) * 2012-06-28 2014-01-16 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Haushaltsgerät
EP3000282A1 (en) 2013-05-21 2016-03-30 Heat Trace Limited Electrical heater
LU92270B1 (en) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-23 Iee Sarl Foil heater eg for a heating panel
DE102013021079B4 (de) * 2013-12-18 2016-03-03 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug
JP2016002998A (ja) * 2014-06-19 2016-01-12 現代自動車株式会社Ｈｙｕｎｄａｉｍｏｔｏｒ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 車両用ハイブリッドヒーター
GB201413136D0 (en) * 2014-07-24 2014-09-10 Lmk Thermosafe Ltd Conductive polymer composite
CN204119542U (zh) * 2014-09-24 2015-01-21 上海荣威塑胶工业有限公司 一种ptc加热器
CN204329292U (zh) * 2014-12-10 2015-05-13 王锦玲 一种厚膜加热装置
KR101664372B1 (ko) * 2015-01-08 2016-10-10 전병민 방수 및 방습 기능이 구비된 면상발열체
FR3032084B1 (fr) * 2015-01-28 2017-02-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Dispositif chauffant, en particulier semi-transparent
CN105313639B (zh) * 2015-07-16 2018-04-24 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 一种电动汽车空调硅胶加热膜加热器
CN205208945U (zh) * 2015-11-06 2016-05-04 武汉商学院 螺旋ptc流体加热器
CN105509305B (zh) * 2015-12-28 2018-02-27 安徽农业大学 一种汽车空调加热用的ptc水加热器
CN106247611A (zh) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-21 安徽中科自动化股份有限公司 一种热水器
US20180124871A1 (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-05-03 Gentherm Gmbh Carbon veil heater and method of making
CN106595023A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-04-26 宁波勃兰特泵业科技有限公司 一种节能环保型加热器
US20180267296A1 (en) * 2017-03-20 2018-09-20 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electrically conductive polymer film
DE102017121064A1 (de) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Wasserheizgerät
DE102019118092A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Carl Freudenberg Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gegenüber elektromagnetischer Strahlung abgeschirmten Bauteils

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3459924A (en) * 1968-09-25 1969-08-05 Dow Chemical Co Electrical open cell heating element
DE4213510C1 (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-08-19 Audi Ag, 8070 Ingolstadt, De Electric heating arrangement in vehicle heating and ventilation system - is formed by grill located in air outlet and moulded in conductive polymer
EP1407907A1 (de) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Behr GmbH & Co. Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Wärme
EP1839920A1 (de) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Elektrischer Heizer für eine Heizungs- oder Klimaanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs
CN202764656U (zh) * 2012-09-11 2013-03-06 钡泰电子陶瓷股份有限公司 车辆室内用的加热器
CN104955666A (zh) * 2013-01-29 2015-09-30 汉拿伟世通空调有限公司 用于机动车辆的加热器
CN105025596A (zh) * 2015-08-03 2015-11-04 深圳山源电器股份有限公司 一种散热基体及密封型ptc热敏电阻加热器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20190131117A (ko) 2019-11-25
JP2020521291A (ja) 2020-07-16
EP3631312A1 (de) 2020-04-08
DE102017121042A1 (de) 2018-11-29
JP2020520846A (ja) 2020-07-16
KR20190139282A (ko) 2019-12-17
EP3631313A1 (de) 2020-04-08
DE102017121062A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3631320A1 (de) 2020-04-08
JP2022023890A (ja) 2022-02-08
CN110678705A (zh) 2020-01-10
CN110678702A (zh) 2020-01-10
DE102017121064A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3630513A1 (de) 2020-04-08
US20200094654A1 (en) 2020-03-26
CN110662927A (zh) 2020-01-07
EP3631318A1 (de) 2020-04-08
EP3631314A1 (de) 2020-04-08
US20200196395A1 (en) 2020-06-18
CN110678704A (zh) 2020-01-10
US20210168910A1 (en) 2021-06-03
EP3631316A1 (de) 2020-04-08
DE102017121063A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121039A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215541A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121045A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200224926A1 (en) 2020-07-16
EP3631317A1 (de) 2020-04-08
CN110662928A (zh) 2020-01-07
WO2018215551A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215198A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121041A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121040A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215533A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110691949A (zh) 2020-01-14
JP2020521272A (ja) 2020-07-16
CN110678703A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215546A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200173688A1 (en) 2020-06-04
WO2018215545A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200166242A1 (en) 2020-05-28
WO2018215536A1 (de) 2018-11-29
CN110678343A (zh) 2020-01-10
WO2018215196A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215623A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121038A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200094655A1 (en) 2020-03-26
CN110691949B (zh) 2022-04-08
KR20190139983A (ko) 2019-12-18
US20200200435A1 (en) 2020-06-25
WO2018215534A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US20200113019A1 (en) 2020-04-09
WO2018215197A1 (de) 2018-11-29
WO2018215537A1 (de) 2018-11-29
DE102017121060A1 (de) 2018-11-29
EP3631315A1 (de) 2020-04-08
EP3631319A1 (de) 2020-04-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110662926A (zh) 加热器和用于制造加热器的方法
US4922083A (en) Flexible, elongated positive temperature coefficient heating assembly and method
CN110679011A (zh) 具有复合材料的接触件
CN201197197Y (zh) Ptc网格形面状发热体
WO2022223175A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur erwärmung eines mediums
JP7137365B2 (ja) 熱伝導性シート
WO2019052763A1 (de) Heizgerät und verfahren zur herstellung desselben

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20200107

WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication