EP3630513A1 - Appareil de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3630513A1
EP3630513A1 EP18728816.2A EP18728816A EP3630513A1 EP 3630513 A1 EP3630513 A1 EP 3630513A1 EP 18728816 A EP18728816 A EP 18728816A EP 3630513 A1 EP3630513 A1 EP 3630513A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating elements
heating
component
conductive
heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18728816.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Zoske
Volodymyr Ilchenko
Uwe Strecker
Bengt Meier
Nikolaus Gerhardt
Michael Schwanecke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Publication of EP3630513A1 publication Critical patent/EP3630513A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14639—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles for obtaining an insulating effect, e.g. for electrical components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2221—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating an intermediate liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0072—Special adaptations
    • F24H1/009—Special adaptations for vehicle systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
    • F24H1/103—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance with bare resistances in direct contact with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/18—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being embedded in an insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • H05B3/565—Heating cables flat cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B29K2307/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0005—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/779—Heating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
    • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
    • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive or negative temperature coefficients, e.g. PTC, NTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater, in particular for a
  • Motor vehicle a method for producing an electric heater, a set for producing a heater, a method for operating a
  • Electric heaters are often based on ceramic heating elements with a comparatively strongly temperature-dependent electrical resistance, by which a self-regulation of the heat release is made possible.
  • These resistors are typically PTC elements (PTC for Positive Temperature Coefficient). These are usually made with heat exchanger surfaces
  • a PTC element comprises a PTC resistor, ie a temperature-dependent resistor with a positive temperature coefficient, which at low
  • a disadvantage of conventional heaters with ceramic PTC elements u .a. their complex production due to a comparatively complicated heat exchanger manufacturing and the complex installation of the ceramic elements, a usually necessary sorting of the ceramic elements due to manufacturing tolerances, a comparatively unfavorable power density in a heating element heat exchanger composite by a local heat generation, a comparatively strong Limitation of a maximum heating power by a thickness of the PTC material (due to a limited heat dissipation from the ceramic) and a comparatively high risk of short circuit, in particular due to a small geometric distance of components with a high voltage potential.
  • an electric heater in particular a liquid or air heater, preferably for a vehicle
  • heating elements preferably for a motor vehicle, comprising a first heating element and at least one second heating element, the heating elements each having a, in particular insulating, substrate and a polymer layer, wherein the polymer layer contains a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular carbon component, wherein between the heating elements an intermediate space is formed, through which fluid can be flowed for heating thereof, wherein the heating elements by interposed, in particular conductive, spacers and / or the (individual) heating elements penetrating (or (a) respective recess (s) and / or opening (s) of the respective heating elements penetrating), in particular conductive, positioning elements (guide elements) are interconnected.
  • a central idea of the invention is to provide at least two heating elements which have at least one (conductive) polymer layer and can be connected to each other in a modular manner, in particular via corresponding ones
  • the individual heating elements can be designed in particular as (pure) parallel connection and can be modularly adapted in terms of performance (in particular with regard to their performance). Furthermore, a simple contacting or power supply of the individual heating elements is possible. Overall, a high power density in an existing space by the use of heating elements (especially when thin Heat transfer fins are used) and provided a comparatively large effective heat transfer area.
  • the (electrically conductive) polymer layer is printed on the (respective) substrate.
  • electrodes for contacting or supplying power to the polymer layer may also be printed (on the substrate and / or the polymer layer).
  • the (respective) spacer can be designed as a (eg strip-shaped or rod-shaped) pad (contact pad) and possibly both the power supply
  • the spacer may have a dual function, which allows a total of a simple construction of the electric heater. Possibly. Spacers of different sizes (in particular thickness) can be provided, so that a distance between the heating elements can be variably selected, in particular to prevent an electrical short circuit (breakdown) and / or to set a pressure loss (of the fluid flowing through).
  • the (respective) positioning element (guide element) can be, in particular, a positioning bolt (guide pin) which is round, oval or rectangular, in particular rectangular, preferably square
  • Manufacturing tolerance compensation in the sense of a guide or positioning of the individual heating elements ensures, as well as possibly necessary contact (power supply) allows. Here, too, different functions are realized again via an element.
  • At least one or more or all heating elements can preferably at least two or exactly two positioning (guide pins) run. Thereby, the position of the heating elements can be set in a simple manner. To protect against mechanical damage, moisture and / or
  • Short circuits may include painting or sealing the polymer layer (or parts thereof).
  • the heating elements are stackable.
  • the heating elements can be designed as a (total) resistor connected in parallel (which in particular allows stacking).
  • first and / or second heating elements extend (at least substantially) along a fluid flow direction. This can be done in an effective manner, a heating of the fluid. Alternatively or additionally, the heating elements may be at an angle to the
  • Air flow direction extend, z. B at an angle less than or equal to 90 ° and greater than 0 °, in particular greater than 10 °.
  • At least three, preferably at least five heating elements may be provided.
  • a diameter of the gap between the first and second heating elements is greater than a thickness of the first and / or second heating elements.
  • the conductive component, in particular carbon component can in
  • Particle form and / or as a (carbon) framework Particle form and / or as a (carbon) framework.
  • the conductive component may include metal particles and / or fibers.
  • the carbon component may be present in the form of carbon black and / or graphite and / or graphene and / or carbon fibers and / or carbon nanotubes and / or fullerenes.
  • the polymer component can be in the form of an electrically insulating polymer component and / or a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate or ethylene acetate copolymer and / or ethylene acrylate or ethylene acrylate copolymer and / or a second polymer subcomponent based on polyolefin, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or polyester and / or polyamide and / or
  • the polymer component can also be formed completely from the first or second polymer component (or only partially).
  • the polymer layer forms a PTC resistor.
  • the heating elements are preferably electrically connected in parallel.
  • the spacers may, in particular integral, be part of the heating elements.
  • the above-mentioned object further comprises a method for producing an electric heater, in particular a liquid or air heater, in particular of the above type, comprising a first heating element and at least one second heating element, the heating elements each having a, in particular insulating, substrate and a polymer layer, the
  • Polymer layer containing a polymer component and a conductive (filling) component, in particular carbon component, wherein between the heating elements, a gap is formed through which fluid can be flowed to the heating, wherein the heating elements are stacked.
  • a conductive (filling) component in particular carbon component
  • Heating elements in particular conductive, spacers the heating elements spaced from each other.
  • positioning or guide elements can pass through the heating elements (be guided).
  • spacers of different sizes are provided and of these spacers at least one spacer of a particular one
  • Guide elements of different sizes are provided and from these guide elements at least one guide element of a particular
  • Heating elements are chosen variably, in particular to prevent an electrical short circuit (strike through) and / or to set a pressure drop (of the fluid flowing through) targeted.
  • the positioning elements preferably run in the sense of the heating elements that the heating elements corresponding openings (holes), which corresponds to the corresponding
  • the openings (holes) can have a cross-section corresponding to the outer circumference of the positioning elements (for example angular, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular, more preferably square and / or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) round).
  • the polymer layer and / or at least one electrical connection element is / are printed.
  • Heating elements each one, in particular insulating, substrate, and a
  • Polymer layer wherein the polymer layer contains a polymer component and a conductive component, in particular carbon component, wherein between the heating elements, a gap can be formed through the fluid is flowable to the heating, wherein the heating elements are modularly interconnected, such that at a first number of interconnected heating elements a second number (greater than or equal to 1)
  • heating elements arranged, in particular conductive, spacers, and / or by means of the (individual) heating elements penetrating, in particular conductive, positioning.
  • the set comprises spacers and / or positioning elements of different sizes, in particular spacers of different thicknesses and / or positioning elements of different lengths.
  • the above object is further achieved by the use of a heater of the above type or prepared according to a method of the above type or prepared with the above set for heating fluid, in particular a liquid such.
  • a heater of the above type or prepared according to a method of the above type or prepared with the above set for heating fluid in particular a liquid such.
  • water especially cooling water
  • air especially in a vehicle, preferably in a motor vehicle, more preferably for a motor vehicle interior.
  • the polymer component may be a first polymer subcomponent based on ethylene acetate (copolymer) and / or
  • polyolefin in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene
  • polyester and / or polyamide and / or fluoropolymer are examples of polyolefin
  • subcomponent is intended here in particular for
  • first and second polymer subcomponent Distinction between first and second polymer subcomponent can be used.
  • the respective subcomponent can form either partially or completely the polymer component.
  • the ethylene acrylate may be ethyl methyl acrylate or ethylene ethyl acrylate.
  • Ethylene acetate may be ethylene vinyl acetate.
  • the polyethylene may be high density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, low density polyethylene.
  • the fluoropolymer may be PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester) MFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester), FEP (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), ETFE (copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene) or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) act.
  • PFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoropropyl vinyl ester
  • MFA copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorovinyl ester
  • FEP copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
  • the first polymer subcomponent as in FIG. 1
  • WO 2014/188190 AI (described as a first-electrically insulating material) may be formed.
  • the second polymer subcomponent can also, as in WO 2014/188190 AI (as a second-term insulating material) describe, be formed.
  • the substrate preferably serves as a heat exchanger.
  • the polymer layer can be applied (printed) to the substrate by a coating and / or printing process.
  • a curing step may be carried out at elevated temperature (eg, above 120 ° C) in an oven.
  • elevated temperature eg, above 120 ° C
  • a screen printing or doctoring can be used.
  • the polymer layer or one for producing the
  • Polymer layer used as described in DE 689 23 455 T2 be formed. This applies in particular also to their production and / or specific composition. For example, this also applies to possible
  • Binders (especially according to p. 4, 2nd paragraph and p. 5, 1st paragraph of
  • the substrate or the substrates can / at least partially, preferably be made entirely of plastic, in particular a polymer such as, for example, polyether ketone and / or polyamide. Particularly preferred is a production of polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP) and / or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and / or (short) fiber-reinforced polyamide (eg PA-GF).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PA-GF fiber-reinforced polyamide
  • the substrate may be made of an electrically insulating material.
  • An electrically insulating material is to be understood in particular as meaning a material which, at room temperature (25 ° C.), has an electrical conductivity of less than 10 "1 S 1 nr 1 (possibly less than 10 " 8 S 1 nr 1 ). Accordingly, an electrical conductor or a material (or coating) with electrical conductivity is to be understood as meaning a material which has an electrical conductivity
  • the substrate may be made of a material that is at a temperature of below
  • the polymer layer or the polymer layers can be or are contacted by at least one metal structure, preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal grid (electrical).
  • a metal structure preferably a (in particular bent) metal sheet, preferably copper sheet, and / or metal strip and / or metal wire and / or metal grid (electrical).
  • the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding to the metal structure (or corresponding
  • Electrodes z. B. on the substrate and / or the polymer layer, printed and / or applied by vapor deposition and / or imprinting and / or by coating.
  • the (optionally carbon-containing) polymer layer or the (optionally carbon-containing) polymer layers and / or a corresponding paste for the production thereof may comprise (in particular crystalline binder) at least one polymer, preferably based on at least one olefin; and / or at least one copolymer of at least one olefin and at least one monomer which can be copolymerized therewith, e.g. Ethylene / acrylic acid and / or ethylene / ethyl acrylate and / or ethylene / vinyl acetate; and / or at least one polyalkenamer (polyacetylene or polyalkenylene), such as.
  • polyoctenamer; and / or at least one, in particular melt-deformable, fluoropolymer such as.
  • the polymer layer or the polymer layers are preferably on the
  • substrate printed e.g by screen printing
  • scrape
  • the polymer layer (s) may have a continuous surface (without interruptions) or be patterned, for example, have gaps (apertures) or recesses.
  • a plan view of the respective heating element may be polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • At least one intermediate space can be limited by (exactly) two or more heating elements.
  • a cross section of the intermediate space may be polygonal, in particular quadrangular, preferably rectangular or oval, in particular elliptical, preferably (circular) circular.
  • a cross section within a space may vary or be constant (over its length). Also cross sections of different
  • Gaps or fluid passages may differ or be the same.
  • cross-sections of the intermediate spaces or fluid channels may be slit-shaped (in particular as rectangular slits).
  • the respective polymer layer (at least one of the heating elements, preferably several or all of the heating elements) may be (at least on average) thinner than the corresponding substrate, for example by a factor of 1.1; more preferably by a factor of 1.5.
  • conductive with regard to the conductive components of the heater is to be understood as an abbreviation for “electrically conductive”.
  • the (respective) polymer layer is preferably a conductive layer with PTC behavior.
  • the heater is preferably for low-voltage operation (eg.
  • the heater may be designed for operation with DC and / or AC voltage and / or PWM.
  • the substrate or the substrates may be formed as a plate, in particular a plastic plate, and / or have a thickness of at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1.0 mm and / or at most 5.0 mm, more preferably at most 3.0 mm.
  • the respective thickness is an average thickness or a thickness of the largest area of constant thickness.
  • a (layer) thickness of the respective polymer layer may be ⁇ 1 mm, preferably ⁇ 0.5 mm, more preferably ⁇ 0.2 mm.
  • Substrates may be formed at least substantially planar. If
  • Elevations are provided, they may be less than 10% of an (average) thickness of the respective coating or of the respective substrate.
  • a sum of the cross sections of fluid channels may be at least 2 times, preferably at least 4 times, as large as a sum of the cross sections of the heating elements
  • Polymer layer of at least one heating element may be formed so that it allows a flow of current (eg., In particle form, wherein the particles are correspondingly touching or close to each other).
  • a flow of current eg., In particle form, wherein the particles are correspondingly touching or close to each other.
  • a diameter of the gap between the first and second heating elements may be greater than a thickness of the first and / or second
  • the (respective) polymer layer is preferably over at least 20%, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 80% of a surface of the substrate facing the polymer layer with the (respective) Substrate in contact. This can effectively heat over the substrate (which then serves as another heat exchanger) are transferred.
  • motor vehicle comprising the above (electric) heater.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic oblique view of an electric air heater according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic oblique view of an electric air heater according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic oblique view of an electric air heater according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic oblique view of an inventive
  • the electric air heater has a plurality of (in this case four, but not necessarily) heating elements 9a to 9d. Between
  • Heating elements corresponding spaces 16a to 16c are formed.
  • the individual heating elements 9a to 9d are further spaced apart by spacers 10a, 10b, 10c arranged within the intermediate spaces 16a to 16c.
  • spacers 10a, 10b, 10c arranged within the intermediate spaces 16a to 16c.
  • Fig. 1 for each gap 16a, 16b, 16c exactly one spacer 10a, 10b, 10c shown.
  • two or more spacer 10a, 10b, 10c shown it is conceivable, for example, two or more
  • Provide spacers can also be at a
  • the Spacers are preferably made of a conductive material (especially metal).
  • positioning elements I Ia, I Ib are shown.
  • the positioning in particular form guide pins and penetrate (in the present
  • Embodiment all) heating elements 9a to 9d or openings 12a to 12d and 13a to 13d thereof.
  • the present embodiment (which is not mandatory) exactly two positioning elements I Ia, I Ib are provided.
  • electrodes 15a to 15d in the present case only one, possibly
  • contacting preferably takes place via the (conductive) positioning elements I Ia, I Ib (preferably made of metal) and the (conductive) spacers (contact pads) 16a to 16c (preferably made of metal).
  • the positioning elements preferably have a strip-like or rod-shaped form.
  • a cross section may be rectangular, in particular square.
  • the positioning elements I Ia, I Ib are preferably (round) rod-shaped and may have a round (circular) cross-section.
  • the electric air heater is contacted via the contacts 17a, 17b.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic oblique view of an electric air heater according to another embodiment of the invention. At this
  • Forming embodiment (upturned or bent)
  • Spacers 10a to 10d have an integral (monolithic) structure with the heating elements 9a to 9d.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic oblique view of an electric air heater according to another embodiment of the invention. At this
  • Embodiment run the heating elements 9a to 9d at an angle greater than 0 °, for example, between 2 ° and 45 °, (or employed) against a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de chauffage électrique, en particulier un appareil de chauffage d'air ou de liquide, destiné en particulier à un véhicule automobile, comprenant un premier élément chauffant (9a) et au moins un deuxième élément chauffant (9b). Les éléments chauffants (9a, 9b) comprennent chacun un substrat (18a à 18d), notamment isolant, et une couche de polymère (14a, 14b) contenant un composant polymère et un composant conducteur, notamment un composant carbone. Un espace intermédiaire (16a), dans lequel un fluide peut s'écouler pour être chauffé, est formé entre les éléments chauffants (9a, 9b). Les éléments chauffants (9a, 9b) sont reliés entre eux par un ou plusieurs éléments d'espacement (10c), notamment conducteurs, disposés entre eux et/ou un ou plusieurs éléments de positionnement (11a, 11b), notamment conducteurs, traversant respectivement des évidements et/ou orifices des éléments chauffants.
EP18728816.2A 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017111378 2017-05-24
DE102017111373 2017-05-24
DE102017115148 2017-07-06
DE102017121060.1A DE102017121060A1 (de) 2017-05-24 2017-09-12 Elektrisches Heizgerät
PCT/EP2018/063513 WO2018215545A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3630513A1 true EP3630513A1 (fr) 2020-04-08

Family

ID=64109087

Family Applications (10)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
EP18728816.2A Withdrawn EP3630513A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

Family Applications Before (8)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18727167.1A Withdrawn EP3631312A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air
EP18727168.9A Withdrawn EP3631313A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-08 Dispositif de chauffage d'air pour un véhicule
EP18728818.8A Withdrawn EP3631319A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide, en particulier dispositif de chauffage d'eau
EP18728814.7A Withdrawn EP3631317A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
EP18728815.4A Withdrawn EP3631318A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
EP18728811.3A Withdrawn EP3631314A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Conducteur chauffant et dispositif de chauffage
EP18728813.9A Withdrawn EP3631316A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage de liquide électrique et utilisation d'un tel dispositif et d'un conducteur chauffant
EP18728812.1A Withdrawn EP3631315A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-23 Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18728826.1A Withdrawn EP3631320A1 (fr) 2017-05-24 2018-05-24 Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif

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US (9) US20200224926A1 (fr)
EP (10) EP3631312A1 (fr)
JP (4) JP2020521291A (fr)
KR (3) KR20190139282A (fr)
CN (9) CN110678705A (fr)
DE (10) DE102017121038A1 (fr)
WO (12) WO2018215198A1 (fr)

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JP2020521272A (ja) 2020-07-16
US20200094654A1 (en) 2020-03-26
US20200200435A1 (en) 2020-06-25
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US20200173688A1 (en) 2020-06-04
US20200113019A1 (en) 2020-04-09
US20200196395A1 (en) 2020-06-18
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JP2020521291A (ja) 2020-07-16
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KR20190139282A (ko) 2019-12-17
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