EP3488172A1 - Arme à canon, en particulier pistolet, comprenant un amortisseur de recul - Google Patents

Arme à canon, en particulier pistolet, comprenant un amortisseur de recul

Info

Publication number
EP3488172A1
EP3488172A1 EP17739524.1A EP17739524A EP3488172A1 EP 3488172 A1 EP3488172 A1 EP 3488172A1 EP 17739524 A EP17739524 A EP 17739524A EP 3488172 A1 EP3488172 A1 EP 3488172A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
closure
housing
recoil
frame assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17739524.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3488172B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Weinland
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102016009046.4A external-priority patent/DE102016009046A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102016009185.1A external-priority patent/DE102016009185A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3488172A1 publication Critical patent/EP3488172A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3488172B1 publication Critical patent/EP3488172B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/10Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated having a movable inertia weight, e.g. for storing energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/80Adjustable spring buffers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/02Fluid-operated systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/06Friction-operated systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/10Spring-operated systems
    • F41A25/12Spring-operated systems using coil springs
    • F41A25/14Spring-operated systems using coil springs adjustable
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/82Coil spring buffers
    • F41A3/84Coil spring buffers mounted within the gun stock
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/82Coil spring buffers
    • F41A3/86Coil spring buffers mounted under or above the barrel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/90Fluid buffers
    • F41A3/94Fluid buffers in combination with spring buffers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/04Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated the barrel being tilted during recoil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gun barrel, in particular a handgun, in particular a pistol, with a closure system comprising a shutter slidably mounted in a frame assembly.
  • the tube (the barrel) is closed at the back after being fed with a cartridge.
  • delayed ground closures are used here, all of which fulfill the feature that they only reopen the pipe when the projectile has already left the barrel or is about to leave the barrel.
  • a closing spring counteracts the return force.
  • the return of the closure is then stopped upon reaching the necessary for ejection of the sleeve of the fired cartridge and the supply of a new cartridge to the cartridge chamber travel path through a rear stop in the housing.
  • the empty cartridge case is ejected.
  • the closing spring ensures that the closure is pushed back towards the barrel.
  • the shutter advances, it takes a new cartridge out of the magazine for weapons with magazine and pushes it in the cartridge chamber.
  • the forward movement of the closure is stopped by impacting the closure on components of the cartridge chamber.
  • recoil damping described in DE 10 2007 003 1 80 B4.
  • the recoil damping used herein acts between a frame assembly and a barrel assembly and is disposed axially between a bumper region of the barrel assembly and a support portion of the frame assembly.
  • Another weapon return system is described in DE 10 2009 039 039 A1.
  • the system described there consists of a pressure vessel and a pressure cylinder with pressure piston.
  • the gun barrel end is connected to the pressure kolbenzy linder for compressing a gas cushion in the printing cylinder.
  • the pressure piston is designed so that when returning a large cross-section for the flow of the liquid and the pipe prefetching a small cross-section is open.
  • DE-OS-1 578 402 shows a lafettATOR on a support tube weapon in which a barrel assembly with closure assembly is mounted damped damped via a arranged in a cradle, so a weapon carrier recoil damper to intercept the recoil of the weapon.
  • the object of the invention is to dampen the recoil pulse which occurs when firing a projectile from a gun, in particular a handgun, in particular a pistol, in particular converting it into a more pleasant linear movement for the shooter. Furthermore, the invention is intended to ensure a significant improvement in the handling of the acceleration and impact forces of the common closure systems that occur, with a good possibility for integration into different weapon types being obtained.
  • a rear shock absorber is provided in the gun barrel according to the invention, which may in particular be a handgun, in particular a short weapon, very particularly preferably a pistol.
  • the momentum that occurs when firing a projectile is transformed into a more even, controlled motion.
  • the movement sequence of the closure can thus be positively influenced and the occurring movement impulses can be decoupled from the frame assembly.
  • a gun has a locked ground closure.
  • the definition of the "locked mass closure” also includes a so-called delayed mass closure.
  • a locked ground closure can be realized in particular also in all possible and conceivable closure forms, e.g. as a closure with a Browning lock, as a closure with a rotary tube lock, as a closure with a support flap lock, as a lock with a wedge lock, as a roller shutter or as a cam lock.
  • a recoil damping element which can be in particular a hydraulic damper, for example an oil damper, but also a polymer damper or a hydraulic brake, is provided with a first side with the frame assembly and with a second side with a barrel assembly having a barrel includes the gun barrel, is connected.
  • the return Shock absorber element be designed adjustable in terms of damping characteristics.
  • the shooter can set a pleasant for him damping characteristics, or he can the damping characteristics of different types of ammunition fired from the gun barrel, d .h. different types of bullets and / or different charges, customize.
  • a housing part of the barrel assembly is in the frame assembly, and an abutment member fixed relative to the barrel, which may be e.g. can act to a cartridge chamber housing is mounted axially displaceable in a closure housing or in the frame assembly.
  • the closure housing is guided axially displaceable by the frame assembly.
  • the closure housing is supported by a spring element on the abutment part.
  • This design allows a particularly compact design, so that a recoil damping element can be integrated into comparatively small space in small arms, especially in handguns, such as pistols, without changing the characteristics and manageability of the corresponding handgun seriously and adversely.
  • the recoil damper element may be a hydraulically acting recoil damper, wherein an elastic spring element is provided which generates a restoring force for returning the recoil damper after damping a recoil.
  • a recoil damping element is provided in a handgun, in particular a pistol with a locked mass closure, which acts between a frame assembly and a barrel assembly.
  • Another advantage of the invention may also consist in that can be avoided by smoothing the acceleration pulses loading error of the weapon when tracking a new cartridge from the magazine into the chamber during the flow of the shutter, which otherwise occur when exceeding a permissible average shutter speed, often triggered by Fluctuations in the propellant charge.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that it can be significantly reduced using the recoil damper assembly according to the invention and execution of the gun with a lafettierbarem barrel - especially for small arms with larger calibers - the weight of weapons.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a tube weapon shown schematically with an inventive arrangement of a recoil damper element in the starting position before firing;
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a tube weapon shown schematically and according to the invention in this integrated recoil damper element after firing;
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a designed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the gun of FIG. 3 in one position
  • 1 is a partial section of a tube weapon 1 shown schematically, which may in particular be a handgun, in particular a short weapon, especially a pistol, referred to, which is shown in longitudinal section.
  • the gun 1 has a barrel 1 3 and a lockable ground closure 2, which is integrated in a closure housing 1 7.
  • the closure housing 1 7 is slidably mounted in a frame assembly 9 and the front side connects to a not shown in detail cartridge chamber of the barrel 1 3. It is designated by reference numeral 1 00, an arrow indicating the barrel axis and weft direction. In the direction of this arrow is located in this description as "front" designated side of the barrel weapon.
  • the closure 2 comprises substantially all components needed for locking with the barrel 13, firing a cartridge and withdrawing the cartridge after firing, ejecting the cartridge and reloading the barrel weapon 1 with a new cartridge. These components are not shown to simplify the drawing.
  • a barrel assembly can be seen, which is composed of the barrel 1 3, a housing part 1 3/1 and a cartridge bearing housing 1 3/2.
  • the running group is axially displaceable with the frame assembly 9 is connected.
  • the chamber housing 1 3/2 of the barrel assembly is also axially slidably guided in the closure housing 1 7 or in the frame assembly 9.
  • the frame assembly 9 comprises substantially all components such as grip magazine holder, trigger unit and others, has been waived their representation in Figures 1 and 2 to simplify the drawing.
  • reference numeral 1 10 denotes an arrow indicating the direction of action of the recoil and in this case in the here as “rear” or “back” designated direction.
  • the piston rod 3 of the remindsstßdämpfers is further pushed into a cylinder 4 of the remindsstßdämpfers, which is arranged in a cylinder housing 5.
  • the recoil damper is a hydraulic damper
  • the displaced liquid 1 1 flows through at least one control opening 6 in a liquid keitsauffangraum 8 and via a balancing bore 1 6 in a front cylinder chamber 14.
  • a difference volume from the volume in the cylinder. 4 and the volume of the front cylinder chamber 14 is cached in the liquid collecting space 8, which is separated by a membrane 1 2 from a compensation chamber 7.
  • a friction resistance of the flowing liquid 1 1 (oil) causes a continuous transmission of force to the frame assembly 9 over the entire distance.
  • the elastic spring element 0a which acts between the housing part 1 3/1 and the recoil damper, biased and are after exceeding a return vertex, the stored energy to the barrel assembly 1 3, 1 3/1, 1 3/2 and so ensures that the latter is moved back to the starting position.
  • the prestressed spring element 1 0b ensures that the closure housing 1 7 in
  • the timing of the return can be accelerated by filling the expansion chamber 7 with a strained gas. After placing the closure 2 on the chamber of the barrel 1 3 the repeating process is completed, and the gun 1 is ready to fire again.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 show, in various sectional views, a handgun in the form of a pistol 20 which uses the principle described above with reference to the general and sketchy FIGS. 1 and 2, the arrangement of the two spring elements being structurally different.
  • the gun 20 which is shown in Figures 3 to 5 in each case a sectional view, is formed with essential basic elements corresponding to the usual shape of such a handgun.
  • it has a handle 21 in which a magazine slot 22 is provided in which a magazine (not shown) with several cartridges, for example six or eight, can be inserted so that a cartridge located at the top of the magazine is positioned in a feed position is and in a Repetiervorgang a cartridge chamber of the weapon can be supplied.
  • a trigger not shown here, which is arranged within a trigger guard 40, serves to trigger the
  • the gun 20 further has a barrel 24 which is part of a barrel assembly.
  • the barrel assembly also includes a housing part 25 of the barrel assembly, which is located below the barrel 24 in the orientation of the figures and is firmly connected to the barrel 24 in the axial direction (weft direction).
  • the barrel 24 is mounted rotatably via a ball joint 43 with respect to the housing part 25 in order to be able to lower the former after the shot in accordance with the Browningsystem. In other types of closure, which do not require a lowering of the barrel 24, this compound will be carried out as a whole rigid.
  • This housing part 25 already represents a significant feature and peculiarity of the solution and construction according to the invention.
  • a closure 26 which, in the position shown in FIG. 3, gas-tightly seals the rear end of the barrel, more precisely the tube with the cartridge chamber, has a closure housing 27 with which it encloses the barrel 24.
  • the closure housing 27 in this case has an extension 27a, which firmly and rigidly fixed to the closure housing 27, in particular integrally formed on this, and is part of the same. This extension 27a is also important for the construction according to the invention, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • a frame assembly 28 contains here in addition to the handle 21 and the trigger guard 40 and a guide portion 39. On the one hand in this frame assembly 28, more precisely in the guide portion 39, on the other hand in the closure housing 27, the housing part 25 of the barrel assembly is performed. This structural measure in particular causes a guide of the barrel assembly and the closure 26 in a front region of the gun 20, so that a higher precision of the weapon can be achieved.
  • the invention particular to the gun 20 shown here is the fact that a recoil damper 29 is arranged in it.
  • the recoil damper 29 is arranged in it.
  • 29 here contains a cylinder 30, in which a not shown in the figures piston is guided, with a piston rod 31, which from the cylinder
  • the cylinder 30 stands out, is connected.
  • the cylinder 30 is connected in a detachable manner to the housing part 25 rigidly.
  • the piston rod 31 is fixed in a block piece 33 by means of a locking pin 32 not shown in detail here, which block piece 33 is also part of the frame assembly 29 and in the assembled state of the weapon is rigidly connected to the other components of the frame assembly 28, with the locking pin released 32 for disassembling the weapon can be separated from the rest of the frame assembly in order to remove the recoil damper can.
  • the recoil damper 29 may in particular be a hydraulically acting recoil damper, which is filled, for example, with an oil and operates according to the principle already explained above. The general effect of such recoil dampers or damping elements are known in the art, so that further explanation is not required here.
  • a damper return spring 35 is guided around the piston rod 31 and is supported at a first end on a collar of a sleeve 34 mounted on the piston rod 31 and fixedly connected to the piston rod 31, for example by compression. With a second end opposite the first end, the damper return spring is supported on the cylinder 30. In that regard, this damper return spring 35 brings a piston rod 31 and thus the set thereon, not shown in detail here, from the cylinder 30 retracting restoring force on the recoil damper 29.
  • a molded onto the closure housing 27 projection 41 which is opposite to a run-shaped stop edge 42.
  • the combination of projection 41 and stop edge 42 causes a stop of the return of the shutter 26 after firing the shot.
  • this embodiment of a stop for the closure 26 causes the pulse occurring against the stop when the closure 26 emerges to be transferred to the recoil damper 29 and thus damped.
  • the gun 20 shown in Figs. 3-5 has a closure which is well known and known to those skilled in the art.
  • gun 20 of the barrel 24 in principle freely and without defined stop movable rearwardly, by the recoil damper 29th slowed down in its return movement and is stopped by this.
  • a maximum backward displacement of the barrel 24 is theoretically defined by a construction-related stop of
  • FIG. 3 the gun 20 is shown in a starting position, in which (not shown here) a cartridge is arranged in the cartridge chamber and the tube is closed with the closure 26.
  • the gun 20 is ready to fire, that is, by pressing the trigger, a shot can be solved.
  • the springs damper return spring 35 and closing spring 37 are largely relaxed (if necessary, provided with a small bias). If a shot is now fired, the shutter 26, and with it its closure housing 27, driven by the recoil, moves, and with this assembly, first of all, the barrel assembly, ie. the barrel 24 with the housing part 25, towards the rear in the direction of the position of the handle 21st This situation is shown in FIG. It can be seen here how both the barrel assembly and the closure 26 are moved relative to the frame assembly 28 by a process path to the rear in the direction of the acting recoil. In this case, the barrel assembly (and also the closure housing 27 - over the extension 27a) of the guide portion 39 of the frame assembly 28 is guided.
  • the closure tensioning spring 37 is further tensioned by the extension 27a of the closure housing 27.
  • the piston of the rear shock absorber 29 is immersed maximally in the cylinder 30, so that the shock absorber return spring 35 is also compressed to the maximum extent.
  • the shutter 26 has reached its maximum deflection, a vertex position.
  • the gun 20 according to the invention is much less inclined to an upward outbreak movement, the shooting behavior of this weapon is much more pleasant.
  • the shooter can better absorb the recoil and, in particular, what is particularly advantageous in firing exercises, which require the delivery of several precise shots in quick succession, better hold the weapon in the target or return faster to the target and give another targeted shot ,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une arme à canon (1) pourvue d'une culasse (2) à verrouillage massique et d'un élément d'amortissement de recul, lequel est relié sur une face à un module de cadre (9) et sur l'autre face à un module de canon (13/1, 13, 13/2) comprenant un canon (13). Dans le cas de l'arme à canon (1), qui peut être en particulier un pistolet, une partie boîtier (13/1) du module de canon est montée dans le module de cadre (9) de manière à pouvoir se déplacer axialement et * soit un élément d'appui (13/2) fixe par rapport au canon (13) est monté dans un boîtier de culasse (17) ou dans le module de cadre (9) de manière à pouvoir se déplacer axialement * soit un élément d'appui (13/2) fixe par rapport au module de cadre (9) est monté dans un boîtier de culasse (17) de manière à pouvoir se déplacer axialement, le boîtier de culasse (17) étant guidé par le module de cadre (9) de manière à pouvoir se déplacer axialement et le boîtier de culasse (17) s'appuyant au moyen d'un élément ressort (10b) sur l'élément d'appui (13/2). Cette conception permet d'amortir, et de toute façon de réduire significativement le recul produit lors d'un tir par une arme à canon de ce type, en particulier une arme à feu portative, notamment un pistolet. L'invention rend le tir à l'arme plus agréable pour le tireur, permet un tir plus rapide et plus précis (tirs de précisions à une cadence supérieure) et aide à éviter des erreurs de tir.
EP17739524.1A 2016-07-25 2017-07-04 Arme à canon, en particulier pistolet, comprenant un amortisseur de recul Active EP3488172B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016009046.4A DE102016009046A1 (de) 2016-07-25 2016-07-25 Rohrwaffe mit Rückstoßdämpfer
DE102016009185.1A DE102016009185A1 (de) 2016-07-26 2016-07-26 Pistole mit Rückschlagdämpfung
PCT/EP2017/066603 WO2018019523A1 (fr) 2016-07-25 2017-07-04 Arme à canon, en particulier pistolet, comprenant un amortisseur de recul

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3488172A1 true EP3488172A1 (fr) 2019-05-29
EP3488172B1 EP3488172B1 (fr) 2022-04-27

Family

ID=59337643

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17739524.1A Active EP3488172B1 (fr) 2016-07-25 2017-07-04 Arme à canon, en particulier pistolet, comprenant un amortisseur de recul

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US11187478B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3488172B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018019523A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11209229B2 (en) * 2019-10-07 2021-12-28 Roberto Perez Firearm and linear-to-rotary converter assembly
US11959718B2 (en) * 2021-04-16 2024-04-16 Kyntec Corporation Hydraulic recoil device for handgun applications
WO2023140810A1 (fr) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-27 Bahtiyar Tasyagan Système d'amortissement de force de recul
EP4293310A1 (fr) * 2022-06-13 2023-12-20 Kyntec Corporation Dispositif hydraulique amortisseur de recul pour des applications d'arme de poing

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11187478B2 (en) 2021-11-30
US20190234698A1 (en) 2019-08-01
EP3488172B1 (fr) 2022-04-27
WO2018019523A1 (fr) 2018-02-01

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