EP3398870B1 - Pallette en plastique avec structure de renfort - Google Patents

Pallette en plastique avec structure de renfort Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3398870B1
EP3398870B1 EP17169002.7A EP17169002A EP3398870B1 EP 3398870 B1 EP3398870 B1 EP 3398870B1 EP 17169002 A EP17169002 A EP 17169002A EP 3398870 B1 EP3398870 B1 EP 3398870B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rungs
side rails
plastic pallet
stiffening structure
spars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17169002.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3398870A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Müller
Thorsten Lenz
Gat Ramon
René Kloeters
Thomas Tappertzhofen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Preturn GmbH
Cabka Group GmbH
Original Assignee
GreenCycle Umweltmanagement GmbH
Cabka Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GreenCycle Umweltmanagement GmbH, Cabka Group GmbH filed Critical GreenCycle Umweltmanagement GmbH
Priority to PL17169002T priority Critical patent/PL3398870T3/pl
Priority to EP17169002.7A priority patent/EP3398870B1/fr
Priority to ES17169002T priority patent/ES2783823T3/es
Priority to US15/968,610 priority patent/US10399739B2/en
Publication of EP3398870A1 publication Critical patent/EP3398870A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3398870B1 publication Critical patent/EP3398870B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/001—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0012—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
    • B65D11/20—Details of walls made of plastics material
    • B65D11/22—Reinforcing for strengthening parts of members
    • B65D11/26—Local reinforcements, e.g. adjacent to closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/002—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0024—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0026—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
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    • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00308—Overall construction of the load supporting surface grid type, e.g. perforated plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00373—Overall construction of the non-integral separating spacer whereby at least one spacer is made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
    • B65D2519/00402—Integral, e.g. ribs
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    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00736—Details
    • B65D2519/00776—Accessories for manipulating the pallet
    • B65D2519/00796—Guiding means for fork-lift

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic pallet, which initially comprises a deck for storing objects to be transported, and feet which are designed to protrude from the underside of the deck.
  • the plastic pallet also includes runners, which are each connected to each other at least two feet on their undersides, ie on the side opposite the deck.
  • the plastic pallet also comprises at least one stiffening structure, which in turn comprises lower spars arranged in the runners and upper spars lying exactly above the lower spars and spaced apart from them and running parallel.
  • the upper spars can be arranged in the deck in the area between a top and bottom of the deck, or also below the bottom of the deck.
  • plastic pallets for the transport and storage of goods are playing an increasingly important role today.
  • Advantages are, for example, the lower weight and the possibility to form almost any pallet structure with the help of injection molding techniques, so that a high degree of individuality can be achieved and customer-specific requirements can be met.
  • recyclate can be used to manufacture many types of pallets, unless special hygiene regulations are to be observed.
  • additives such as reinforcing fibers.
  • the deck can have a continuous, closed loading area, but the loading area can also be formed by a lattice or rib structure.
  • feet are formed projecting downwards. They have a height that allows the pallet to be picked up and transported with the fork of a forklift, the fork moves into the spaces between your feet. At the same time, however, the feet must also be able to support the permissible weight of the pallet with goods stored on it, without the material showing signs of fatigue. Although it is possible to manufacture the feet separately from a material with a higher impact strength, this type of production is more expensive compared to the one-piece production of a pallet, since more tools have to be kept available and the pallet then has to be assembled.
  • plastic pallets often also include runners which are each connected to one another on the undersides of at least two feet.
  • runners are arranged parallel to each other, in the case of rectangular pallets their longitudinal direction is usually parallel to the narrower edge of the pallet, but this is not mandatory, and a connection of the feet along the longer edge is also possible. All-round runners can also be used, i.e. Skids that also connect the feet together along the longer edge of the pallet.
  • Plastic pallets also have disadvantages compared to wooden or metal pallets.
  • One disadvantage is that plastic pallets tend to deform more than wooden pallets under load. In the worst case, this can lead to irreversible deformations. If goods with a high but still permissible mass are placed on the pallets, this leads to a deflection of the deck, whereby the feet with the runners molded onto them also deform slightly or bear their share of the deflection by the feet on their top Tilt inwards towards the middle of the deck, but strive outwards on the underside. This results in shear, bending and shear forces that can only be insufficiently reversibly absorbed by the pallet.
  • U1 describes a plastic pallet that can be assembled from several parts, in the deck of which metal rods are inserted in the longitudinal direction to increase the bending rigidity.
  • the metal bars are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the runners. They reinforce the cover structure and are parallel to each other without being connected.
  • Fig. 8 a plastic pallet with reinforcing elements arranged in the corners. Except for the non-interconnected reinforcing elements, which are also called fittings, the pallet is made in one piece.
  • the reinforcement elements extend from the deck to the floor in the finished pallet and are not connected to one another. The attachment of the reinforcement elements only in the corners serves to increase the wear resistance.
  • the reinforcement elements which can be formed from a rod-shaped or rod-shaped material, form a lattice structure in the deck, and two reinforcement elements arranged one above the other lie parallel to one another along the narrow side of the pallet, one element being embedded in the deck below the surface thereof and the other in the bottom of the skid.
  • the reinforcement elements are not in direct contact with one another, they are not connected to one another.
  • WO 2007/019833 A1 describes a plastic pallet in which reinforcing elements are arranged below the base plate of the pallet in the area of the feet and within the deck.
  • Fig. 9-11 a pallet consisting of a deck and feet attached to it, with three of the feet along the longer side of the pallet being connected in the runners by foot rails, which may be made of sheet steel.
  • Reinforcing elements made of sheet steel are also arranged in the deck in the manner of a lattice, the crossing points of the longitudinal struts and cross struts are in the area of the feet.
  • the lattice structure is connected to the foot rails by means of webs, none of which are related to the type of connection further statement is made.
  • the pallet described is called styrofoam and the lattice structure serves to increase the dimensional stability.
  • the longitudinal and transverse struts arranged in the deck as well as the webs in the feet have a large number of recesses which are lined up to ensure that the plastic of the pallet can penetrate them completely; In this way, the connection with the plastic can be improved and the stability of the overall construct compared to a simple polystyrene pallet can be increased.
  • the large number of recesses also ensures that the weight of the pallet does not increase excessively compared to a pure polystyrene pallet.
  • Such a structure of the stiffening elements with recesses is very advantageous with regard to the weight and the connection with the plastic and increases the stability with regard to a direct load from above, but is hardly able to cope with a load due to shear forces.
  • the connection of the longitudinal or transverse struts with the foot rails via the struts is also only achieved through the composite in the plastic, so that the pallet can only withstand low bending and shear forces.
  • JP S56 123248 A describes a plastic pallet comprising a deck, feet and runners.
  • the range also includes a stiffening structure with lower spars, upper spars and rungs that connect the lower and upper spars.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to develop a pallet which, compared to the pallets known in the prior art, has increased strength against bending and shear forces and, consequently, less deflection.
  • the at least one stiffening structure has rungs, each with a predominantly closed surface, which connect the lower bars in the feet to the upper bars.
  • the rungs are formed in one piece on the spars or are preferably connected to them by means of contact surfaces in a cohesive manner, or also non-positively or positively, wherein the types of connection can also be combined, and both types of rungs can be realized on a stiffening structure.
  • These measures increase the flexural rigidity of the pallet on the one hand and the shear strength of the pallet in a plane parallel to the top of the deck on the other hand compared to pallets known in the prior art.
  • With a predominantly closed surface the proportion of openings in the rungs is less than 50%, usually less than 25%. Recesses and openings are only where it is necessary or advantageous for manufacturing reasons. In fact, the percentage of openings is usually less than 10% of the surface.
  • the at least one stiffening structure is thus designed as a ladder-shaped structure with bars and rungs, the bars being firmly and preferably permanently connected to the rungs so that the ladder-shaped structure is able to absorb correspondingly high shear forces.
  • the firm and preferably non-detachable connection which is inevitably present when the rungs and the spars are made in one piece and, in the case of designs in which the rungs are not formed on spars, is preferably achieved by flat material connection, for example by gluing, but particularly preferably by welding. is only a partial aspect.
  • the rungs have a predominantly closed surface.
  • the plate-shaped rung parts therefore either have no openings or only one, two or three openings through which, for example, optional cross struts can be inserted to form a lattice structure. If no cross struts are to be used, the ladder-shaped stiffening structures therefore preferably have no openings.
  • stiffening structures there are various options for connecting the stiffening structures to the pallet or inserting them into the pallet.
  • they can already be used in the mold during manufacture, for example an injection mold, so that the stiffening structure is almost completely enclosed by the hardened plastic. In this way, a firm fit can be guaranteed.
  • they can also be inserted from below or above into the pallet or the feet of a one-piece pallet. The connection with the plastic of the pallet can then also be non-positive and / or positive.
  • the pallet is preferably designed in several parts, and the stiffening structures are inserted into the runners, possibly connected via cross struts, before the deck is placed on the runners and connected to it, for example, by means of snap locks or force-fit or material-locking.
  • the stiffening structure can, for example, be made in one piece from steel strip, the spaces between the rungs being punched out, milled or introduced into the stiffening structure in another manner which is suitable in terms of processing technology.
  • the thicker the tape is chosen the more the shear strength is increased.
  • the mass of the plastic pallet is increased and if the ladder-shaped stiffening structure - as is the case preferably - is made of metal, in particular steel, this can lead to the mass of the plastic pallet with stiffening structures being higher than the mass of a comparable wooden pallet so that's an essential one The advantage of the plastic material would be lost.
  • the ladder-shaped stiffening structure can also be made from other materials that can provide the necessary flexural and shear rigidity of the pallet.
  • glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastics are also suitable.
  • the spars have a corresponding thickness
  • the rungs can be designed with a smaller thickness.
  • the spars therefore have a predetermined thickness, which can be determined, for example, on the basis of the required shear strength.
  • the thickness of the spars is understood to mean the extension of the spars perpendicular to their longitudinal direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rungs in the ladder-shaped structure.
  • the rungs are made in one piece on the spars, the spars and rungs merge into one another, which means that the rungs can be made thinner. If the rungs are cohesively, non-positively and / or positively connected to the spars via contact surfaces, the dimensions of the contact surfaces should be as large as possible, both in height - i.e. in the longitudinal direction of the bars - as well as perpendicular to it, with curved surfaces also being possible in principle perpendicular to the height.
  • the rungs have a predetermined height in the longitudinal direction of the bars - the width in the case of ladder-shaped stiffening structures in the view - which corresponds to at least 80% of the width of the respective foot receiving the rung.
  • the term “height” was used to refer to a standing ladder-shaped structure; in the case of lying ladder-shaped structures, this corresponds to the width in the view.
  • the height of the rungs is preferably selected so that the maximum available installation space in the respective foot - which is different for different feet on the same pallet - is used, i.e. in the case of an integral, non-positive or positive connection, the extension of the contact surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the bars preferably corresponds to the predetermined height.
  • the spars do not have to be made of solid material over the entire thickness, the spars can also be designed as hollow structures with different cross sections.
  • the hollow structure is particularly advantageously composed of different surfaces, with at least one of the surfaces of each spar parallel to the top of the deck - ie perpendicular to the longitudinal direction the spars and rungs - is aligned, which also contributes to increasing stability.
  • the spars are designed, for example, as tubes with the cross section of a quadrilateral, for example a trapezoid, rectangle or square, and accordingly comprise four surfaces.
  • they can also be designed as a T-beam or as a double-T beam, here too there is at least one surface - that of the crossbar of the "T" - parallel to the top of the deck.
  • these contact surfaces are preferably parallel to the top surface and the extent of the contact surface in the direction of the thickness of the spars is at least a quarter of the thickness, but preferably at least half the thickness ,
  • the extension of the contact surface in the direction of the thickness particularly preferably corresponds to the entire thickness, this guarantees the best possible stability of the integral and flat connection.
  • the contact surfaces can also lie perpendicular to the top surface in the plane spanned by rungs and spars. In the case of pipes with a rectangular cross section, for example, small plates can then be welded to the spars without the plates having to be bent.
  • the contact surfaces can also have any other shape or protrude at a different angle, it is important that the contact surfaces are chosen so large that they securely connect the rungs and bars up to a predetermined maximum thrust and bending load Spars guarantee.
  • connection can be designed, for example, as a snap lock, the contact surfaces then corresponding to the surfaces of the lock in the case of rungs and spars, which lie against one another in the connected state.
  • a correspondingly stable connection can be achieved, for example, if the snap closure is aligned along the longitudinal direction of the spars and extends over the predetermined height.
  • the rungs can be wedge-shaped on their sides facing the spars, for example, preferably also over the entire height, and the spars can have corresponding receptacles.
  • the ladder-shaped stiffening structure can be implemented in various ways, particularly advantageous configurations are described below.
  • the stiffening structure is designed as an extruded aluminum profile.
  • the rungs are formed in one piece on the spars. Openings are made between the rungs, for example by punching or milling, through which the tines of a forklift can enter.
  • Aluminum has the advantage that it is a light metal, and no corrosion protection is necessary.
  • the stiffening structure is formed in one piece as a tube with a square cross section, which is bent into the shape of two spars with rungs in between. In this way it is possible to design a stiffening structure with a maximum of three rungs, which are formed in one piece on the spars.
  • Such a stiffening structure can be implemented in different ways, which differ primarily in the location of the two pipe ends in the stiffening structure. For example, it is possible to produce a structure designed in the manner of an "8" by seven-fold bending by 90 ° each.
  • the two ends of the tube are bent from one of the spars to the other, opposite spar and form the middle rung.
  • the pipe ends are integrally connected to each other and to the other, opposite spar.
  • the connection is particularly preferably made over the entire thickness of the spar. This type of production makes it possible to provide the pipe ends with a further bend to increase the stability, so that the effective height of the rung increases in accordance with the width in the case of a lying ladder-shaped structure. This increases the stability with regard to bending and shear strength when forces are applied in the area of the middle foot.
  • the integral connection is particularly preferably produced by welding, the welds are then protected against corrosion, for example by galvanizing.
  • this profile is relatively inexpensive to manufacture, since pipes with a square cross-section, for example with a cross-section of 20x20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, are available on the market in large quantities.
  • pipes with a square cross-section for example with a cross-section of 20x20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm, are available on the market in large quantities.
  • about a quarter of the cost is incurred by sawing the square tubes to cut them to length. These costs can be minimized by using a single, bent pipe.
  • the spars are also designed as tubes with a square cross section, but at least the inner rungs are designed as plate-shaped connecting elements, in which contact surfaces are provided on two opposite sides Standing seams are formed.
  • These are one-piece elements, which are also commercially available as so-called C-profiles with a wall thickness of, for example, 2 mm.
  • production by cutting and bending from a straight sheet is also possible.
  • Sheet steel is particularly suitable as a material, but all other metals and metal alloys that meet the requirements can also be used.
  • a standing seam is understood to mean a 90 ° bend in the edge of the plate-shaped connecting element.
  • the bent surface of the plate-shaped connecting element then forms the contact surface.
  • the extension of the contact surface in the direction of the thickness of the spar is at least a quarter of the thickness.
  • the bending edge is then at least 5 mm from the edge of the plate-shaped connecting element.
  • a particularly stable, but also production-intensive variant is obtained if all rungs are designed as such plate-shaped connecting elements, including the outer rungs.
  • the plate-shaped connecting elements are welded to the pipes at the contact surfaces, after which the welding points must be galvanized. Depending on the choice of material, it may also be necessary to galvanize the entire stiffening structure.
  • a slightly less production-intensive variant in which the high stability with regard to bending and shear strength is retained in the case of a stiffening structure with three rungs for the middle rung - which experience has shown that the greatest forces act on - consists in using the middle, inner rung as a plate-shaped connecting element designed as standing seams, as described above, but to bend the two outer rungs from a tube with a rectangular or square cross-section.
  • the two spars and the two outer rungs are formed in one piece from a bent tube.
  • Sheets of different thicknesses can be used here, depending on the required load capacity, for example sheets with a thickness of 1 mm to 4 mm.
  • the stability of the stiffening structure is therefore not achieved here by the material thickness, but rather by the design of the spars by bending, as a result of which, in particular, a predetermined thickness can also be impressed on them.
  • the spars can be formed as standing seams at the profile edges. A higher stability is achieved by double standing seams, that is, by two transverse bends in the profile - with bending edges along the longitudinal direction of the spars - successive bends by 90 ° in the same orientation.
  • the spars can also be designed as envelopes, ie as bends through 180 °.
  • the openings are made between the rungs, for example by punching, cutting or milling.
  • the rungs are preferably plate-shaped, that is to say they have a predetermined height in the longitudinal direction of the bars, which is close to the dimensions of the feet in the longitudinal direction of the bars.
  • the shape of the plate forming the rung can also be adapted accordingly, for example in a trapezoidal shape.
  • Fig. 1 shows a conventional plastic pallet, which comprises a deck 1 for storing objects to be transported.
  • a top side 2 of the deck can be seen, opposite this is a bottom side of the deck, not shown, top side 2 and bottom side of the deck are spaced apart by the thickness of the deck.
  • Feet 3 are formed protruding from the underside of the deck.
  • the plastic pallet also includes runners 4, each of which is designed to connect at least two feet 3 on their undersides. The foremost segment of the plastic pallet - comprising three feet and the runners that connect the feet - is shown cut open here, so that a stiffening structure 5 arranged there - indicated by hatching - becomes visible.
  • the stiffening structure 5, of which the pallet here has two in the outer runners, is here ladder-shaped and comprises lower spars 6 arranged in the runners 4 and spaced-apart upper spars 7, which are arranged above the lower spars 6 and run parallel to them ,
  • the upper spars can be arranged in a region between the top 2 of the deck and the underside of the deck in deck 1, but they can also be located below deck 1, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown as an example. If the upper spars 7 are arranged in the area between the upper side 2 of the cover and the lower side of the cover, the stiffening structure 5 can then be completely enclosed by the plastic of the pallet in the case of a one-piece production.
  • the stiffening structure 5 is ladder-shaped and therefore has rungs 8 which connect the lower bars 6 in the feet 3 to the upper bars 7.
  • the surface of the rungs is mostly closed, i.e. it does not have any openings or recesses, and if it does, the area of the openings or recesses is less than 50%, generally less than 10%, in proportion to the entire surface of the rungs 8. Recesses and openings are only made where this is necessary or sensible for manufacturing reasons.
  • the rungs 8 are either formed in one piece on the lower spars 6 or the upper spars 7, or they are each integrally connected to them via contact surfaces. Depending on the configuration, some of the rungs 8 can also be integrally formed on one or both spars and other rungs can be integrally connected to the spars 6, 7.
  • the type of material bond is chosen depending on the material. In the case of metallic stiffening structures 5, welding is particularly suitable here.
  • carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced plastics can also be used for the stiffening structure - other types of connection can also be useful, for example non-positive or positive connections, whereby all types of positive locking can also be combined with one another.
  • the bending stiffness of the plastic pallet and in particular the shear strength of the plastic pallet is parallel to the top 2 of the deck Level increased.
  • stiffening structures 5 designed in this way, it is possible to reduce the deflection of the plastic pallet in the middle under load, for example from 22 mm to less than 10 mm for a plastic pallet with the dimensions 1200 mm x 800 mm and 3 feet connected with runners.
  • the shear stiffness is increased since shear forces are dissipated or absorbed by the stiffening structures 5, which can in particular be made of metal.
  • Fig. 2 shows a plastic pallet without deck, here only the feet 3 are shown with runners 4 molded thereon. Stiffening structures 5 are inserted in the outer two foot-skid elements.
  • cross struts 9 are shown here, which further increase the stability of the plastic pallet. These cross struts 9 can also be made of metal. However, they are purely optional and are not absolutely necessary to achieve the desired effect.
  • the cross struts 9 can be dispensed with. They can be inserted into the pallet independently of the stiffening structures 5, but can also be connected to them in a material, positive and / or non-positive manner in order to form an even more stable structure.
  • the two outer cross struts 9 are inserted through openings in the stiffening structures 5 or in the rungs 8 and form a grid with them.
  • the central cross strut 9 is only on, but could also be integrated into the grid.
  • stiffening structures 5 With the aid of the stiffening structures 5, it is possible to reduce the deflection to the extent which is also considered to be permissible in the case of wooden pallets of comparable size, or to even smaller dimensions.
  • the thicker the stiffening structures - by thickness is meant the expansion perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bars and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rungs - the higher the shear and bending stiffness, but this goes hand in hand with a higher mass.
  • plastic pallets are lighter than wooden pallets of the same size, the weight of comparable wooden pallets can be exceeded if the stiffening structures 5 are correspondingly thick, as a result of which a significant advantage of plastic pallets would be eliminated.
  • the thickness of the lower bars 6, the upper bars 7 and the rungs 8 too small for example as a pure sheet with a constant thickness, this cannot achieve the necessary shear stiffness if the thickness is too small. For this reason, at least the upper bars 6 and the lower bars 7 have a predetermined thickness.
  • the size of the contact surfaces is selected or specified as a function of a predetermined maximum bending and shear load on the plastic pallet As a rule, the contact areas should be as large as possible in terms of construction.
  • the rungs 8 In the longitudinal direction of the bars 6, 7, the rungs 8 have a predetermined height in order to increase the shear stiffness and bending stiffness in the longitudinal direction of the bars 6, 7, which height is based on the width of the feet; it should be at least 80% of the width of the respective bar receiving the rung Foot.
  • the expression "height" is used in reference to a standing ladder; it corresponds to the width for a lying structure. If the rungs 8 are connected to the spars 6, 7 via contact surfaces, the extension of the contact surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the spars 6, 7 preferably corresponds to the predetermined height.
  • the lower spar 6 and / or the upper spar 7 can be assembled as hollow structures from different surfaces, for example they can be tubes with the cross section of a square, in particular a trapezoid , Rectangle or square, which facilitates the connection of the contact surfaces; but a configuration as a T-beam or as a double-T beam is also conceivable.
  • At least one of the surfaces of each spar (6, 7) is then preferably oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the respective spar 6, 7 and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rungs 8. Contact surfaces can then be formed on these surfaces, in particular for the material bond.
  • the contact surface is therefore preferably in a plane to the longitudinal direction of the rungs 8 and the spars 6, 7.
  • the extent of the contact surface in the direction of the thickness should then generally be more than that Be half the thickness.
  • the rungs 8 can also have a smaller thickness, for example, in the case of a sheet metal construction, a thickness corresponding to the sheet metal thickness.
  • stiffening structures 5 are described below with reference to FIG Fig. 3-11 explained.
  • Fig. 3a ) -c) show a first embodiment of a stiffening structure as it can be used to increase the bending stiffness and the shear strength of the plastic pallet.
  • Fig. 3a shows a view of the stiffening structure from the front
  • Fig. 3b a cross section through the stiffening structure in the area of a rung 8
  • Fig. 3c A perspective view of the stiffening structure, which is designed here as an extruded aluminum profile 10.
  • the lower spar 6 and the upper spar 7 are each designed as a T-beam, the thickness of the spars 6, 7 can be, for example, 20 mm in the region of the crossbar of the "T". Since aluminum is a rustproof material, there is no need for separate corrosion protection.
  • Openings 11 are made between the rungs 8, which in the assembled state are located between the feet of the plastic pallet and allow the fork of a forklift to enter.
  • the rungs 8 are integrally formed on the bars 6, 7 and are plate-shaped.
  • through holes 12 are optionally arranged, through which plastic can pass during manufacture in the case of a one-piece pallet in order to ensure a firm connection between the stiffening structure and the plastic pallet.
  • the through holes 12 can also be used for another type of fastening, for example a mechanical one, if it should not be possible to clamp them in the framework structure of the plastic pallet, in which case no through holes 12 are required.
  • the through holes 12 are also suitable for receiving optional cross struts 9 in order to fix them better and to produce a stiffening lattice structure in the plane of the deck 1, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown.
  • Another advantage of using an extruded aluminum profile is the reduced mass. While a wooden pallet with the dimensions 800 mm x 1200 mm weighs 20-25kg, the mass of a pallet with the in Fig. 3a ) -c) shown profiles about 15-20kg.
  • FIG. 4a A second embodiment of a stiffening structure, which is designed here as a further extruded aluminum profile 13, is shown Fig. 4a ) -C).
  • Fig. 4a shows a side view of the extruded aluminum profile 13, Fig. 4b ) a cross section through the profile in the area of a rung 8 and Fig. 4c ) the aluminum extruded profile 13 in a perspective view.
  • 8 openings 11 are introduced between the rungs. The insertion can take place, for example, by punching, cutting or milling. That too Fig. 4 shown further aluminum extruded profile 13 has through holes 12.
  • Fig. 4a shows a side view of the extruded aluminum profile 13
  • Fig. 4b a cross section through the profile in the area of a rung 8
  • Fig. 4c the aluminum extruded profile 13 in a perspective view.
  • 8 openings 11 are introduced between the rungs. The insertion can take place, for example, by punching,
  • the lower spar 6 is designed as a tube with a square cross section and the upper spar as a double-T beam. It is, of course, also possible to design one of the spars as a T-beam here, just as one of the spars of the extruded aluminum profile 10, which in Fig. 3a ) -c) is shown as a double T-beam or as a tube with a square or rectangular cross-section.
  • a third embodiment is in Fig. 5a ) -b).
  • This is a stiffening structure which is designed as a tube with a square cross section 14.
  • the tube 14 is bent in the form of two bars 6, 7 with rungs 8 in between. It is a one-piece design with a maximum of three rungs 8, which is particularly suitable for smaller pallets. All rungs 8 are formed from the square tube 14.
  • the outer rungs 8 of the stiffening structure are formed by bending the tube 14 twice by 90 °.
  • the middle or inner rung 8 is formed by the two pipe ends 15 being bent by one of the spars - here without restriction of generality from the upper spar 7 by 90 °, so that the middle rung 8 is created by the bend.
  • the pipe ends 15 are also the opposite spar - here the lower spar 6 - integrally connected, for example by welding, here over the entire thickness of the lower spar 6.
  • the tube ends 15 can also be integrally connected to each other A corresponding fixation in the plastic pallet in the middle foot can also be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 6 A modification of this embodiment is in Figure 6 shown.
  • the tube ends 15, which form the middle rung 8, are spread apart in their end regions here, so that the middle rung 8 takes the shape of a "Y".
  • the tube ends 15 are integrally connected to the opposite spar, here the lower spar 6, over the entire thickness of the spar.
  • the edges in question are preferably provided with larger chamfers in order to provide a contact surface for the integral connection, which is more stable compared to a linear, one-dimensional connection.
  • the rungs 8 are formed in one piece on the lower spar 6 or on the upper spar 7, even if the pipe ends are integrally connected to the opposite spar in order to increase the rigidity.
  • Fig. 7 shows a projection view of the stiffening structure from the front and Fig. 7b ) a perspective view.
  • the spars are designed as tubes with a square cross-section
  • the lower spar 6 and the upper spar 7 and the two outer rungs 8 are likewise formed in one piece from a bent tube 14.
  • the two pipe ends 15 are integrally connected to one another in the area of one of the outer rungs 8.
  • the pipe ends 15 can also meet at another point on one of the spars, for example in the area of the middle rung 8.
  • the middle rung 8 is designed here as a plate-shaped connecting element 16, with the two opposite sides, namely the sides leading to the spars 6 and 7 have, contact surfaces are formed as standing seams.
  • the plate-shaped connecting element 16 is here - in relation to the thickness of the lower spar 6 and the upper spar 7 - placed in the middle.
  • the expansion of the contact surfaces formed by the standing seams in the direction of the thickness here is half the thickness.
  • This fourth embodiment of a stiffening structure has a particularly good cost-benefit ratio, since on the one hand the square tube 14 has to be cut to length only and bent only four times. Due to the plate-shaped connecting element, which can have a C or S shape in cross section, the shear strength and bending stiffness compared to the in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 Embodiments shown further increased, since the plate-shaped connecting element 16 in the longitudinal direction of the spars can have the maximum height - in the view corresponding to the width - that just makes it possible to fully integrate it into the corresponding foot 3, whereas the width in the formation the middle rung 8 from the bent tube ends 15 is predetermined by the thickness of the square tube 14 and cannot be enlarged.
  • the in the Fig. 7a ) -b) stiffening structure shown can also be used for pallets with more feet in one direction, since several of the plate-shaped connecting elements 16 can easily be placed as inner rungs between the integrally formed outer rungs.
  • FIG. 8 Another - particularly stable - fifth embodiment of a stiffening structure for a plastic pallet is in Fig. 8 shown.
  • Fig. 8a shows a side view of a stiffening structure lying on the outer edge of a spar
  • Fig. 8b the cross section in the area of a rung 8
  • Fig. 8c a perspective view.
  • the outer rungs 8 are also designed as plate-shaped connecting elements 16 with standing seams 17 formed thereon to form the contact surfaces.
  • the plate-shaped connecting elements 16 have a cross section - as in FIG Fig. 8c ) shown - a "C" shape.
  • the lower spar 6 and the upper spar 7 are also formed in this embodiment as a tube 14 with a square cross section. They can be created from a pipe by sawing.
  • three - here identical - plate-shaped connecting elements 16 connect the upper spar 7 to the lower spar 6, the standing seams 17, which are formed on the plate-shaped elements 16 by bending, form the contact surfaces.
  • Their extension in the direction of the thickness of the bars 6, 7 corresponds here to the total thickness of the bars 6 and 7.
  • the plate-shaped connecting elements are integrally connected to the bars 6 and 7. After the integral connection has been established, the stiffening structure must still be galvanized to protect it from corrosion.
  • Fig. 9-11 show further configurations for stiffening structures, all of which are formed in one piece from rolled and bent metal profiles, for example (steel) sheet metal or strip steel, openings 11 again being introduced between the rungs 8.
  • these stiffening structures also have optional through holes 12.
  • the configurations differ here only in the design of the lower spar 6 and the upper spar 7, which are formed on the profile edges by bending and are designed as standing seams, double standing seams, envelopes or combinations thereof.
  • the metal profile shown in cross section in the area of a rung 8 as a sixth embodiment of a stiffening structure has an upper spar 7 which is shaped identically to the lower spar 6.
  • the spars are formed by a standing seam by 90 ° and two envelopes, ie bends of 180 °, in the opposite orientation.
  • the bends are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a horizontal plane in the sheet, so that the profile with the two standing seams forms a "C" shape, which offers a somewhat higher stability compared to an also possible "S” shape.
  • All rungs 8 are plate-shaped and integrally formed on the bars 6 and 7.
  • the metal profile as the seventh embodiment of a stiffening structure has bars 6, 7 formed by other bending combinations.
  • the plate-shaped rungs 8 are also integrally formed on the bars 6, 7, and in relation to the thickness of the bars 6 and 7 - in Fig. 10b ) according to the horizontal direction in the sheet plane - arranged in the middle.
  • the upper spar 7, however, has a greater width - corresponding to the vertical direction in the sheet plane - than the lower spar 6.
  • the runners 4 should be kept flat on the one hand, but on the other hand for the upper spar 7 - with complete Enclosure through the plastic - almost the entire deck height can be used. This also increases stability.
  • the spars 6, 7 are formed here by the combination of several bends by 90 ° (standing seams) and a bend by 180 ° (fold).
  • Fig. 11 shown. 11a) and 11b show the stiffening structure designed as a metal profile in perspective from two opposite sides
  • Fig. 11c shows the profile in cross-section in the area of a rung 8.
  • the upper spar 7 is wider than the lower spar 6.
  • Both spars 6, 7 are designed as double standing seams. Only two bends are required per spar here, making the stiffening structure comparatively easy to manufacture, but also offering very high bending and shear strength.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Palette en matière plastique, comprenant
    - un plateau (1) pour stocker des objets à transporter,
    - des pieds (3), qui sont conçus pour faire saillie d'une face inférieure du plateau, et
    - des patins (4), qui sont chacun conçus pour relier au moins deux pieds (3) les uns aux autres sur leurs faces inférieures,
    - au moins une structure de rigidification (5), comprenant des longerons inférieurs (6) agencés dans les patins (4) et des longerons supérieurs (7) agencés à distance de ceux-ci, qui sont agencés au-dessus des longerons inférieurs (6) parallèlement à ces derniers,
    - ladite au moins une structure de rigidification (5) comportant des montants (8) présentant chacun une surface essentiellement fermée, qui relient les longerons inférieurs (6) dans les pieds (3) aux longerons supérieurs (7),
    - caractérisée en ce que
    - les montants (8) sont formés en une seule pièce avec les longerons (6, 7) ou sont chacun reliés à ceux-ci par une liaison de surfaces de contact par adhérence de matière, par friction ou par coopération de formes,
    i. ladite au moins une structure de rigidification (5) présente des montants (8) formés exclusivement d'un seul tenant avec les longerons (6, 7) et se présente sous la forme d'un profilé (10, 13) en aluminium extrudé ou d'un profilé métallique laminé et cintré, avec des ouvertures (11) aménagées entre les montants (8), ou
    ii. le longeron inférieur (6) et le longeron supérieur (7) se présentent sous la forme de tubes (14) de section carrée et au moins les montants intérieurs (8) se présentent sous la forme d'éléments de liaison (16) en forme de plaques, dont des surfaces de contact sont formées sur deux côtés opposés en tant que jonctions dans la direction verticale, ou
    iii. au moins le longeron inférieur (6), le longeron supérieur (7) et les deux montants extérieurs (8) sont formés d'un seul tenant à partir d'un tube coudé (14) de section carrée,
    - la rigidité à la flexion de la palette et la résistance à la rupture de la palette sont ainsi augmentées dans un plan parallèle à la surface supérieure (2).
  2. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les longerons (6, 7) ont une épaisseur prédéterminée.
  3. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que, dans le cas où les montants (8) sont reliés aux longerons (6, 7) par des surfaces de contact, la taille des surfaces de contact est prédéterminée en fonction d'une charge maximale prédéterminée en flexion et en cisaillement de la palette en matière plastique.
  4. Palette en matière plastique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les montants (8) ont une hauteur prédéterminée dans la direction longitudinale des longerons (6, 7) qui correspond à au moins 80 % de la largeur d'un pied respectif (3) recevant le montant (8), l'étendue des surfaces de contact dans la direction longitudinale des longerons correspondant à la hauteur prédéterminée en cas d'une liaison par adhérence de matière, d'une liaison par friction ou d'une liaison par coopération de formes.
  5. Palette en matière plastique selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que les longerons (6, 7) sont réalisés sous forme de structures creuses composées de différentes surfaces, de préférence sous forme de tubes ayant la section transversale d'un rectangle, ou sont réalisés sous forme de poutres en T ou de poutres en double T, au moins une des surfaces des longerons (6, 7) étant orientée perpendiculairement à la direction longitudinale des longerons (6, 7) et des montants (8).
  6. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que, dans le cas d'une liaison des montants (8) avec les longerons (6, 7) par adhérence de matière, les surfaces de contact se trouvent dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale des longerons (6, 7) et des montants (8) et l'étendue des surfaces de contact dans la direction de l'épaisseur correspond à au moins un quart de l'épaisseur, de préférence à au moins la moitié de cette épaisseur, et de façon particulièrement préférée est égale à l'épaisseur totale.
  7. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 1, alternative iii, caractérisée en ce que la structure de rigidification (5) comprend trois montants (8) formés d'un seul tenant avec les longerons, le tube (14) étant plié de façon à former deux longerons (6, 7) avec des montants (8) interposés entre ceux-ci.
  8. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les deux extrémités de tube (15) sont pliées de l'un des longerons (6, 7) à l'autre des longerons opposés (7, 6) et forment le montant central (8), et sont reliées entre elles et aux autres longerons opposés (7, 6) par adhérence de matière, de préférence sur toute l'épaisseur des longerons respectifs (7, 6).
  9. Palette en matière plastique selon la revendication 1, variante i, dans laquelle ladite au moins une structure de rigidification (5) est réalisée sous la forme d'un profilé métallique laminé et plié, caractérisée en ce que les longerons (6, 7) sont réalisés sur les bords du profilé en tant que jonctions dans la direction verticale, jonctions doubles dans la direction verticale, couvertures ou leurs combinaisons et/ou les montants (8) ont la forme de plaques.
EP17169002.7A 2017-05-02 2017-05-02 Pallette en plastique avec structure de renfort Active EP3398870B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17169002T PL3398870T3 (pl) 2017-05-02 2017-05-02 Paleta z tworzywa sztucznego ze strukturą usztywniającą
EP17169002.7A EP3398870B1 (fr) 2017-05-02 2017-05-02 Pallette en plastique avec structure de renfort
ES17169002T ES2783823T3 (es) 2017-05-02 2017-05-02 Plataforma de carga de plástico con estructura de refuerzo
US15/968,610 US10399739B2 (en) 2017-05-02 2018-05-01 Plastic pallet with stiffening structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17169002.7A EP3398870B1 (fr) 2017-05-02 2017-05-02 Pallette en plastique avec structure de renfort

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3398870A1 EP3398870A1 (fr) 2018-11-07
EP3398870B1 true EP3398870B1 (fr) 2020-02-12

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US (1) US10399739B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3398870B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2783823T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3398870T3 (fr)

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WO2020028539A1 (fr) * 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 Igps Logistics, Llc Palette en plastique ayant un plateau formé d'un seul tenant et son procédé de fabrication
USD915725S1 (en) * 2019-03-28 2021-04-06 Paul Craemer Gmbh Pallet for the handling of goods
CN110342062B (zh) * 2019-07-29 2023-07-04 蜂井包装工业无锡有限公司 围板箱配套用托盘加强固定结构
WO2023150152A2 (fr) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-10 Pvpallet, Inc. Conteneur de transport

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3398870A1 (fr) 2018-11-07
US10399739B2 (en) 2019-09-03
PL3398870T3 (pl) 2020-08-24
US20180339802A1 (en) 2018-11-29
ES2783823T3 (es) 2020-09-18

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