EP3163367B1 - Flüssigkristallanzeigeelement - Google Patents

Flüssigkristallanzeigeelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3163367B1
EP3163367B1 EP15810955.3A EP15810955A EP3163367B1 EP 3163367 B1 EP3163367 B1 EP 3163367B1 EP 15810955 A EP15810955 A EP 15810955A EP 3163367 B1 EP3163367 B1 EP 3163367B1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
group
display device
crystal display
alkyl group
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EP15810955.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3163367A4 (de
EP3163367A1 (de
Inventor
Kazuyoshi Hosaka
Noritoshi Miki
Hiroyuki Omura
Jun Hashimoto
Junichi Baba
Shota YOSHIDA
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KYUSYU NANOTEC OPTICS CO Ltd
Nissan Chemical Corp
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Kyusyu Nanotec Optics Co Ltd
Nissan Chemical Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
    • C08G18/622—Polymers of esters of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids
    • C08G18/6225—Polymers of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
    • C08G18/6229—Polymers of hydroxy groups containing esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with aliphatic polyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/12—Unsaturated polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
    • C08G77/18—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/38—Polymers
    • C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
    • C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
    • C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
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    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/38—Polymers
    • C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
    • C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
    • C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
    • C09K19/3861—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives containing condensed ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
    • C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
    • C09K19/56—Aligning agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133365—Cells in which the active layer comprises a liquid crystalline polymer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/02—Alignment layer characterised by chemical composition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13347—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals working in reverse mode, i.e. clear in the off-state and scattering in the on-state
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmission/scattering type liquid crystal display device which is in a transparent state when no voltage is applied and in a scattering state when a voltage is applied.
  • a liquid crystal display device employing a liquid crystal material a TN (twisted nematic) mode liquid crystal display device is in practical use.
  • a TN (twisted nematic) mode liquid crystal display device is in practical use.
  • light switching is carried out employing optical rotation property of a liquid crystal, and a liquid crystal display device in this mode requires use of a polarizing plate.
  • use of a polarizing plate lowers the light utilization efficiency.
  • liquid crystal display device which achieves a high light utilization efficiency without using a polarizing plate
  • a liquid crystal display device in which switching is conducted between a transmission state (also called a transparent state) and a scattering state of a liquid crystal may be mentioned, and a liquid crystal display device employing a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) or a polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) is commonly known.
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • PNLC polymer network liquid crystal
  • a liquid crystal display device employing such a liquid crystal is a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with an electrode, formed via a step of disposing a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable compound which undergoes polymerization by ultraviolet rays between the pair of substrates and curing the liquid crystal composition in such a state that the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows liquid crystallinity, to form the liquid crystal layer, that is, a cured product composite (for example, a polymer network) of a liquid crystal and the polymerizable compound.
  • the transmission state and the scattering state of the liquid crystal are controlled by voltage application.
  • a conventional liquid crystal display device employing PDLC or PNLC is in a cloudy (scattering) state when no voltage is applied since liquid crystal molecules are randomly aligned, and is in a transmission state when a voltage is applied since liquid crystal molecules are aligned in an electric field direction, whereby light is transmitted (such a liquid crystal display device controlling the transmission and scattering is also called a normal device).
  • a normal device it is necessary to always apply a voltage in order to obtain a transmission state, and accordingly when it is used for an application which is mainly used in a transparent state, for example, when used for window glass, the electrical power consumption tends to be large.
  • a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal (also called a vertical liquid crystal alignment film) is used since it is necessary to vertically align a liquid crystal. Since a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is a highly hydrophobic film, the adhesion of the liquid crystal alignment film to a liquid crystal layer tends to be low. Therefore, for a liquid crystal composition used for the reverse device, a curing agent to increase the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film should be incorporated in a large amount.
  • a liquid crystal alignment film used for a reverse device is required to have high vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal Liquid crystal alignment films according to the formulae [1-1] or [1-2] defined below are disclosed in WO2011132751 and WO2012014898 .
  • the liquid crystal composition particularly the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition has a role to form a polymer network thereby to achieve desired optical properties.
  • this polymerizable compound also has a role as the above curing agent, and from the above reason, the polymerizable compound is required to have an effect to more efficiently improve the adhesion to the vertical liquid crystal alignment film even with a small amount.
  • US7279203 discloses a liquid crystal composition in which a monomer with polar group is added to the liquid crystal compound.
  • US2006038936 discloses a liquid crystal composition comprising a monofunctional monomer and a bifunctional monomer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which has all of the above properties. That is, the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which favorable optical properties, that is, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high. Specifically, the object is to provide a liquid crystal display device obtained by employing a liquid crystal composition which improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the liquid crystal alignment film, and further, employing a vertical liquid crystal alignment film having high vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal and having high adhesion to the liquid crystal layer.
  • the present inventors have conducted extensive studies, and as a result, found that a liquid crystal display device employing a liquid crystal composition containing a specific compound and a vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a side chain with a specific structure, is very effective to achieve the above object, and accomplished the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which is in a transparent state when no voltage is applied and in a scattering state when a voltage is applied, which device comprises a pair of substrates provided with an electrode and a liquid crystal layer formed by disposing a liquid crystal composition between said pair of substrates provided with an electrode and curing the liquid crystal composition by irradiation with ultraviolet rays in such a state that the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows liquid crystallinity, and at least one of the substrates being provided with a liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align a liquid crystal, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal, a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer and a monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group and a phosphoric acid group, and the liquid crystal alignment film is a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a structure represented by the following formula [1-1] or [1-2]: wherein X 1
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a reverse liquid crystal display device in which favorable optical properties, that is, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is useful for e.g. a liquid crystal display used for display, a light control window or an optical shutter device controlling transmission and blocking of light.
  • the monomer having a polar group used for preparation of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film by an interaction of the polar group and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the vertical liquid crystal alignment film used for preparation of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a structure of the above formula [1-1] or [1-2] (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific side chain structure).
  • a specific side chain structure of the formula [1-1] is a rigid structure
  • highly stable vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal is achieved.
  • high vertical alignment property can be achieved by the specific side chain structure even with a small amount. Accordingly, in a liquid crystal display device obtained by employing a vertical liquid crystal alignment film having the specific side chain structure, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is higher.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprising a liquid crystal layer formed from a liquid crystal composition containing a specific compound and a vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a specific side chain structure, is a liquid crystal display device in which favorable optical properties, that is, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high.
  • the liquid crystal composition in the present invention contains a liquid crystal, a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer, and a monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group and phosphoric acid group.
  • the liquid crystal a nematic liquid crystal, a smectic liquid crystal or a cholestric liquid crystal may be used.
  • a negative dielectric anisotropy preferred is one having a negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • a large dielectric constant anisotropy and a large refractive index anisotropy preferred is one having a large dielectric constant anisotropy and a large refractive index anisotropy.
  • the dielectric constant anisotropy ( ⁇ ) is preferably from -1 to -10, more preferably from -3 to -6.
  • the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) is preferably from 0.150 to 0.350, more preferably from 0.150 to 0.250.
  • the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal is preferably from 40 to 120°C, more preferably from 80 to 100°C.
  • liquid crystal may be used as a mixture of two or more types of liquid crystal, depending upon physical property values of the phase transition temperature, the dielectric constant anisotropy and the refractive index anisotropy.
  • the liquid crystal display device is operated as an active device such as a thin film transistor (TFT)
  • the liquid crystal is required to have a high electrical resistance and a high voltage holding ratio (hereinafter sometimes referred to as VHR).
  • VHR voltage holding ratio
  • a dichroic dye may be dissolved in the liquid crystal composition to constitute a guest host device.
  • a device is obtained which is in a transparent state when no voltage is applied and which is in an absorption (scattering) state when a voltage is applied.
  • the director (direction of alignment) of the liquid crystal changes by 90 degree depending upon application/non-application of a voltage. Accordingly, with such a liquid crystal display device, a high contrast can be obtained utilizing differences of light absorption properties of the dichroic dye, as compared with a conventional guest host device in which switching is conducted between random alignment and vertical alignment.
  • the device is colored when the liquid crystal is aligned in a horizontal direction and is opaque only in a scattering state. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a device which shifts from a colorless and transparent state when no voltage is applied to a colored opaque state and a colored transparent state along with application of a voltage.
  • a polymerizable compound may be introduced in the liquid crystal composition and is let to undergo a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays at the time of preparation of the liquid crystal device, to form a curable resin (also called a polymer network), or a polymer preliminarily obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable compound may be introduced to the liquid crystal composition.
  • the polymer is required to have a moiety which undergoes a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
  • More preferred is a method of introducing a polymerizable compound to the liquid crystal composition and subjecting the polymerizable compound to a polymerization reaction by irradiation with ultraviolet rays at the time of preparation of the liquid crystal display device, to form a curable resin, in view of handling efficiency of the liquid crystal composition, that is, with a view to suppressing an increase of the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition and in view of the solubility in the liquid crystal.
  • the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited so long as it is soluble in the liquid crystal, but it is required that when the polymerizable compound is dissolved in the liquid crystal, there is a temperature at which the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows a liquid crystalline phase. In a case where the liquid crystal composition partly shows a liquid crystalline phase, the entire liquid crystal display device should show substantially uniform transparency and scattering property when visually observed.
  • the polymerizable compound is not limited so long as it is a compound which undergoes a polymerization reaction by ultraviolet rays, and on that occasion, the reaction mode of the polymerization is not limited so long as a curable resin (also called a polymer network) is formed.
  • a specific reaction mode radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization or addition polymerization may be mentioned.
  • the reaction mode of the polymerization of the polymerizable compound is preferably radical polymerization.
  • the polymerizable compound the following radical-type polymerizable compound or its oligomer may be used. Further, as described above, a polymer obtained by polymerizing such a polymerizable compound may also be used.
  • a monofunctional polymerizable compound for example, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butylethyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, 2-cyanoethyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, N,N-diethylaminoethyl acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, diglycidyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, morpholine acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, phenoxydiethylene glycol acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl
  • bifunctional polymerizable compound for example, 4,4'-diacryloyloxystilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydimethylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydiethylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydipropylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydibutylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydipentylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydihexylstilbene, 4,4'-diacryloyloxydifluorostilbene, 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentanediol-1,5-diacrylate, 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropyl-1,3-diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-
  • trimethylolpropane triacrylate pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentaacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, pentaerythritol trimethacrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetramethacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexamethacrylate, dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentamethacrylate, 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentanediol-1,5-dimethacrylate or an oligomer thereof may be mentioned.
  • a multifunctional thiol compound such as pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate), 1,4-bis(3-mercaptobutyryloxy)butane, 1,3,5-tris(3-mercaptobutyryloxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, trimethylolpropanetris(3-mercaptobutyrate) or trimethylolethane tris(3-mercaptobutyrate) or an oligomer thereof may also be used.
  • such a compound is preferably used, and among them, a multifunctional thiol compound is preferably used.
  • the amount of the multifunctional thiol compound is preferably from 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably from 1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the entire liquid crystal. It is particularly preferably from 5 to 40 parts by mass.
  • a polyurethane acrylate such as a phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer, a pentaerythritol triacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer or a dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer or a monomer or an oligomer thereof.
  • a polyurethane acrylate such as a phenyl glycidyl ether acrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer, a pentaerythritol triacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer or a dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate hexamethylene diisocyanate urethane prepolymer or a monomer or an oligomer
  • Such a radical-type polymerizable compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film, etc.
  • a radical initiator (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a polymerization initiator) which generates radicals by ultraviolet rays.
  • an organic peroxide such as tert-butylperoxy-iso-butyrate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(benzoyldioxy)hexane, 1,4-bis[ ⁇ -(tert-butyldioxy)-iso-propoxy]benzene, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butyldioxy)hexene hydroperoxide, ⁇ -(iso-propylphenyl)-iso-propyl hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 1,1-bis(tert-butyldioxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, butyl-4,4-bis(tert-butyldioxy)valerate, cyclohexanone peroxide, 2,2',5,5'-tetra(tert-butylper
  • Such a radical initiator may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film, etc.
  • the monomer having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group and a phosphoric acid group is particularly preferably a monomer having a phosphoric acid group.
  • a monomer having a phosphoric acid group for example, triphenyl phosphite, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite or tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphite may be mentioned.
  • an organic phosphoric acid compound is preferred, with a view to uniformly conducting radical polymerization of the polymerizable compound and in view of the adhesion to the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the curable resin of the present invention it is preferred to use at least one member selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic urethane acrylate, an aliphatic urethane methacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, an acrylate ester, a methacrylate ester, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
  • an oligomer thereof may be used. It is more preferred to use an aliphatic urethane acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, an acrylate ester or hydroxyethyl methacrylate. It is preferred to incorporate the above polymerization initiator to the curable resin so as to promote the radical reaction of the polymerizable compound.
  • the proportion of the aliphatic urethane acrylate is from 30 to 40 mass%
  • the proportion of isobornyl acrylate is from 30 to 40 mass%
  • the proportion of the acrylate ester is from 1 to 10 mass%
  • the proportion of the hydroxyethyl methacrylate is from 1 to 10 mass%
  • the proportion of the polymerization initiator is from 1 to 10 mass%
  • the proportion of the organic phosphoric acid compound is from 1 to 3 mass%.
  • the above bifunctional polymerizable compound may be mentioned.
  • 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate or polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate. More preferred is 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate or 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate.
  • the mass ratio of the mixture (the mixture of the curable resin and the organic phosphoric acid compound) to the bifunctional monomer (the mixture : the bifunctional monomer) is preferably from 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably from 40:60 to 60:40, further preferably from 50:50.
  • the mass ratio of a mixture of the above mixture and the bifunctional monomer to the liquid crystal material is preferably 10:90, more preferably from 30:70 to 40:60, further preferably 35:65.
  • the vertical liquid crystal alignment film in the present invention is obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having a specific side chain structure of the following formula [1-1] or [1-2] (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific polymer in the present invention):
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and n are as defined above, and particularly, they are preferably as follows.
  • X 1 is, in view of availability of the material and easiness of preparation, preferably a single bond, -(CH 2 ) a - (wherein a is an integer of from 1 to 10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-.
  • X 2 is preferably a single bond or -(CH 2 ) b - (wherein b is an integer of from 1 to 10).
  • X 3 is, in view of easiness of preparation, preferably a single bond, -(CH 2 ) c -(wherein c in an integer of from 1 to 15), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-.
  • X 4 is, in view of easiness of preparation, preferably a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a C 17-51 organic group having a steroid skeleton.
  • X 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
  • X 6 is preferably a C 1-18 alkyl group, a C 1-10 fluorine-containing alkyl group, a C 1-18 alkoxy group or a C 1-10 fluorine-containing alkoxy group. It is more preferably a C 1-12 alkyl group or a C 1-12 alkoxy group, particularly preferably a C 1-9 alkyl group or a C 1-9 alkoxy group.
  • n is, in view of availability of the material and easiness of preparation, preferably an integer of from 0 to 3, more preferably an integer of from 0 to 2.
  • X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , X 6 and n the same combinations as combinations (2-1) to (2-629) disclosed in WO2011/132751 (published on October 27, 2011 ), pages 13 to 34, Tables 6 to 47 may be mentioned.
  • X 1 to X 6 in the present invention are represented as Y1 to Y6, and Y1 to Y6 should be read as X 1 to X 6 .
  • the C 17-51 organic group having a steroid skeleton in the present invention is represented as a C 12-25 organic group having a steroid skeleton, and the C12-25 organic group having a steroid skeleton should be read as a C 17-51 organic group having a steroid skeleton.
  • X 7 and X 8 are as defined above.
  • X 7 is preferably a single bond, -O-, -CONH- or -COO-.
  • X 8 is preferably a C 8-18 alkyl group.
  • the specific side chain structure in the present invention is preferably the specific side chain structure of the formula [1-1] in that a highly stable vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal can be thereby achieved, as described above.
  • the polymer having the specific side chain structure is not particularly limited and is preferably at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, a novolac resin, a polyhydroxystyrene, a polyimide precursor, a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a cellulose and a polysiloxane.
  • a polyimide precursor a polyimide or a polysiloxane.
  • a polyimide precursor or a polyimide they will sometimes be generally referred to as a polyimide-based polymer
  • they are preferably a polyimide precursor or a polyimide obtained by reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
  • the polyimide precursor has a structure represented by the following formula [A]: wherein R 1 is a tetravalent organic group, R 2 is a bivalent organic group, A 1 and A 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-8 alkyl group, A 3 and A 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-5 alkyl group or an acetyl group, and n is a positive integer.
  • the diamine component may be a diamine having two primary or secondary amino groups in its molecule.
  • the tetracarboxylic acid component may be a tetracarboxylic acid compound, a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound.
  • the polyimide-based polymer is preferably a polyamide acid having repeating units of the following formula [D] or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamide acid, which is relatively easily obtained from a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of the following formula [B] and a diamine of the following formula [C] as materials.
  • the polyimide-based polymer it is preferred to use a polyimide in view of physical and chemical stability of the obtainable vertical liquid crystal alignment film. wherein R 1 and R 2 are as defined for the formula [A]; wherein R 1 and R 2 are as defined for the formula [A].
  • a diamine having the specific side chain structure As a method for introducing the specific side chain structure to the polyimide-based polymer, it is preferred to use a diamine having the specific side chain structure as a part of the material. Particularly, it is preferred to use a diamine of the following formula [1a] (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific side chain type diamine):
  • X is a structure of the above formula [1-1] or [1-2].
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 4. It is preferably an integer of 1.
  • the specific side chain type diamine is preferably a diamine having a structure of the following formula [1-1a] with a view to obtaining a highly stable vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal.
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 4. It is preferably 1.
  • diamine compounds of the formulae [2a-1] to [2a-36] disclosed in WO2015/012368 (published on January 29, 2015 ), pages 17 to 23 may be mentioned.
  • diamines of the following formulae [1a-32] to [1a-36] are most preferred, whereby highly stable vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal can be obtained.
  • R 1 is -CH 2 O-
  • R 2 is each independently a C 3-12 alkyl group
  • R 3 is each independently a C 3-12 alkyl group, and regarding the cis-trans isomerism, 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer.
  • diamine compounds of the formulae [2a-37] to [2a-46] disclosed in WO2015/012368 (published on January 29, 2015 ), pages 23 to 24 may be mentioned.
  • the proportion of the specific side chain type diamine is preferably from 10 to 80 mol%, more preferably from 20 to 70 mol% based on the entire diamine component, in view of the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film in the obtainable liquid crystal display device.
  • the specific side chain type diamine may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon the solubility of the polyimide-based polymer in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • diamine component to prepare the polyimide-based polymer it is preferred to use a diamine of the following formula [2a] (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a second diamine).
  • Y is at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of the following formulae [2a-1] to [2a-5].
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 4. It is preferably 1. -(CH 2 ) a -OH [2a-1] -(CH 2 ) b -COOH [2a-2]
  • a is an integer of from 0 to 4, and in view of availability of the material and easiness of preparation, it is preferably an integer of 0 or 1.
  • b is an integer of from 0 to 4, and in view of availability of the material and easiness of preparation, it is preferably an integer of 0 or 1.
  • Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a C 1-12 hydrocarbon group.
  • Y 3 is a C 1-5 alkyl group.
  • Y 4 is at least one binding group selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -O-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON(CH 3 )-, -N(CH 3 )CO-, -COO- and -OCO-.
  • it is preferably a single bond, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -CON(CH 3 )- or -COO-. More preferred is a single bond, -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-, in view of easiness of preparation of a specific photo-reactive structure.
  • Y 5 is a C 1-18 alkylene group or a C 6-24 organic group having at least one cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclocyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring, provided that an optional hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be substituted by a C 1-3 alkyl group, a C 1-3 alkoxy group, a C 1-3 fluorine-containing alkyl group, a C 1-3 fluorine-containing alkoxy group or a fluorine atom.
  • Y 6 is at least one binding group selected from the group consisting of a single bond, -O-, -NH-, -N(CH 3 )-, -CH 2 O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON(CH 3 )-, -N(CH 3 )CO-, -COO- and -OCO-.
  • a single bond -O-, -NHCO-, -N(CH 3 )CO- or -OCO-. More preferred is a single bond, -O-, -NHCO- or -OCO-, in view of easiness of preparation of a specific photo-reactive structure.
  • Y 7 is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures of the following formulae [2b-1] to [2b-7]: wherein Y a is a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring; Y b is a single bond or at least one cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring; and Y c is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a C 1-18 alkyl group, a C 1-18 fluorine-containing alkyl group, a C 1-18 alkoxy group and a C 1-18 fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
  • the second diamine for example, 2,4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and diamines of the following formulae [2-1] to [2-15] may be mentioned. wherein n is each independently an integer of from 2 to 12.
  • 2,4-diaminophenol 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, or a diamine of the formula [2-1], [2-2], [2-3], [2-7], [2-8], [2-11], [2-12] or [2-15].
  • 2,4-diaminophenol 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, or a diamine of the formula [2-1], [2-2], [2-11] or [2-12], in view of the solubility of the polyimide-based polymer in a solvent and optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device.
  • the second diamine may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon the solubility of the polyimide-based polymer in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • a diamine other than the diamine of the above formula [1a] or [2a] (hereinafter sometimes referred to as other diamine) may be used as the diamine.
  • diamine compounds disclosed in WO2015/012368 (published on January 29, 2015 ), pages 27 to 30, and diamine compounds of the formulae [DA1] to [DA14] disclosed in WO2015/012368 , pages 30 to 32, may be mentioned. Further, such other diamine may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon the properties.
  • tetracarboxylic acid component As the tetracarboxylic acid component to prepare the polyimide-based polymer, it is preferred to use a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of the following formula [3] or its tetracarboxylic acid derivative i.e. tetracarboxylic acid, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compound (they will sometimes be generally referred to as a specific tetracarboxylic acid component).
  • tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride of the following formula [3] or its tetracarboxylic acid derivative i.e. tetracarboxylic acid, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or a tetrac
  • Z is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures of the following formulae [3a] to [3k]:
  • Z 1 to Z 4 are each independently at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a chlorine atom and a benzene ring.
  • Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
  • Z in the formula [3] is preferably a structure of the formula [3a], [3c], [3d], [3e], [3f], [3g] or [3k] in view of easiness of preparation and polymerizability when a polymer is produced. It is more preferably a structure of the formula [3a], [3e], [3f], [3g] or [3k], and in view of optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, particularly preferably a structure of the formula [3a], [3e], [3f] of [3g].
  • the proportion of the specific tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably at least 1 mol% based on the entire tetracarboxylic acid component. It is more preferably at least 5 mol%, further preferably at least 10 mol%. It is particularly preferably from 10 to 90 mol% in view of optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device.
  • the specific tetracarboxylic acid component of the structure of the above formula [3e], [3f], [3g] or [3k] desired effects will be obtained when its amount is at least 20 mol% based on the entire tetracarboxylic acid component. It is preferably at least 30 mol%.
  • the tetracarboxylic acid component may be entirely composed of the tetracarboxylic acid component of the structure of the formula [3e], [3f], [3g] or [3k].
  • tetracarboxylic acid component other than the specific tetracarboxylic acid component may be used.
  • other tetracarboxylic acid component the following tetracarboxylic acid compound, tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride compound, dicarboxylic acid dihalide compound, dicarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compound or dialkyl ester dihalide compound may be mentioned.
  • the method for preparing the polyimide-based polymer is not particularly limited.
  • the polyimide-based polymer is obtained by reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component.
  • the method disclosed in WO2015/012368 published on January 29, 2015 ), pages 35 to 36 may be mentioned.
  • the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is carried out usually in a solvent containing the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component.
  • the solvent used is not particularly limited so long as the produced polyimide precursor is soluble in it.
  • N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone may, for example, be mentioned.
  • methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone or a solvent of the following formula [D1] to [D3] may be used.
  • Such a solvent may be used alone or as mixed. Further, a solvent in which the polyimide precursor is not soluble may be used as mixed with the above solvent within a range where the formed polyimide precursor is not precipitated. Further, since moisture in an organic solvent will inhibit the polymerization reaction and may cause hydrolysis of the formed polyimide precursor, an organic solvent is preferably one which is dehydrated and dried.
  • the polyimide is a polyimide obtained by cyclization of the polyimide precursor, and in this polyimide, the cyclization ratio (also called an imidization degree) of amido acid groups is not necessarily 100%, and may optionally be adjusted depending upon the application and the purpose of use. It is preferably from 30 to 80% in view of the solubility of the polyimide-based polymer in a solvent. It is more preferably from 40 to 70%.
  • the molecular weight of the polyimide-based polymer is preferably from 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 10,000 to 150,000, aweightweight averagweightcular weight) measured by a GPC (gel permeation chromatography) method considering the strength of the obtainable liquid crystal alignment film, workability at the time of forming the liquid crystal alignment film, and coating property.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • a polysiloxane is used as the specific polymer, it is preferably a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting an alkoxysilane of the following formula [A1] to polycondensation or a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] and an alkoxysilane of the following formula [A2] or [A3] to polycondensation (hereinafter they will sometimes be generally referred to as a polysiloxane-based polymer).
  • a 1 is the structure of the above formula [1-1] or [1-2].
  • the structure of the formula [1-1] is preferred, whereby highly stable vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal can be obtained.
  • a 2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-5 alkyl group. It is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-3 alkyl group.
  • a 3 is a C 1-5 alkyl group. It is preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group in view of the reactivity of polycondensation.
  • n is an integer of 1 or 2. In view of preparation, it is preferably 1.
  • n is an integer of from 0 to 2.
  • p is an integer of from 0 to 3. In view of the reactivity of polycondensation, it is preferably an integer of from 1 to 3, more preferably an integer of 2 or 3.
  • alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] alkoxysilanes of the formulae [2a-1] to [2a-32] disclosed in WO2014/069107 (published on January 22, 2015 ), pages 17 to 21 may be mentioned.
  • alkoxysilanes particularly preferred as the alkoxysilane are alkoxysilanes of the formulae [2a-9] to [2a-21], [2a-25] to [2a-28] and [2a-32] in WO2014/069107 .
  • the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] may be used alone or in combination of two or more, depending upon the solubility of the polysiloxane-based polymer in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • B 1 is a C 2-12 organic group having at least one member selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a methacrylic group, an acrylic group, a ureide group and a cinnamoyl group.
  • a vinyl group an epoxy group, an amino group, a methacrylic group, an acrylic group or a ureido group. More preferred is an organic group having a methacrylic group, an acrylic group or a ureido group.
  • B 2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-5 alkyl group. Preferred is a hydrogen atom or a C1-3 alkyl group.
  • B 3 is a C 1-5 alkyl group. In view of the reactivity of polycondensation, preferred is a C 1-3 alkyl group.
  • n is an integer of 1 or 2. In view of preparation, it is preferably 1.
  • n is an integer of from 0 to 2.
  • p is an integer of from 0 to 3. In view of the reactivity of polycondensation, it is preferably an integer of from 1 to 3, more preferably an integer of 2 or 3.
  • alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] alkoxysilanes represented by the formula [2b] disclosed in WO2014/069107 (published on January 22, 2015 ), pages 22 to 23 may be mentioned.
  • allyltriethoxysilane allyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxymethylvinylsilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl acrylate, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3-glycidyloxypropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon the solubility of the polysiloxane-based polymer in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • D 1 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-5 alkyl group, which may be substituted by a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
  • Preferred is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-3 alkyl group.
  • D 2 is a C 1-5 alkyl group. In view of the reactivity of polycondensation, preferred is a C 1-3 alkyl group.
  • n is an integer of from 0 to 3.
  • alkoxysilanes represented by the formula [2c] disclosed in WO2014/069107 (published on January 22, 2015 ), page 24, may be mentioned.
  • the alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending upon the solubility of the polysiloxane-based polymer in a solvent, the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • the polysiloxane-based polymer is a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting the alkoxysilane of the above formula [A1] to polycondensation or a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] and the alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] or [A3] to polycondensation.
  • the polysiloxane-based polymer is any one of a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting only the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] to polycondensation, a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting two types of alkoxysilanes of the formulae [A1] and [A2] to polycondensation, a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting two types of alkoxysilanes of the formula [A1] and [A3] to polycondensation and a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting three types of alkoxysilanes of the formulae [A1], [A2] and [A3] to polycondensation.
  • a polysiloxane obtained by subjecting a plurality of alkoxysilanes to polycondensation is preferred.
  • the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A1] is preferably from 1 to 40 mol%, more preferably from 1 to 30 mol% based on all the alkoxysilanes.
  • the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A2] is preferably from 1 to 70 mol%, more preferably from 1 to 60 mol% based on all the alkoxysilanes.
  • the proportion of the alkoxysilane of the formula [A3] is preferably from 1 to 99 mol%, more preferably from 1 to 80 mol% based on all the alkoxysilanes.
  • the method for obtaining the polysiloxane-based polymer by polycondensation is not particularly limited. Specifically, a method disclosed in WO2015/012368 (published on January 29, 2015 ), pages 26 to 29 may be mentioned.
  • the plurality of the alkoxysilanes may be preliminarily mixed and reacted, or the plurality of alkoxysilanes may be sequentially added and reacted.
  • a solution of the polysiloxane-based polymer obtained by the above method may be used as it is as the specific polymer, or as the case requires, the solution of the polysiloxane-based polymer obtained by the above method may be concentrated or diluted with a solvent, or the solvent may be replaced with another solvent, and then the resulting solution is used as the specific polymer.
  • the solvent used for dilution may be the solvent used for the polycondensation reaction or may be another solvent.
  • the addition solvent is not particularly limited so long as the polysiloxane-based polymer is uniformly dissolved, and one or more types may be optionally selected.
  • Such an addition solvent may, for example, be the solvent used for the polycondensation reaction and in addition, a ketone solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone or an ester solvent such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or ethyl lactate.
  • polysiloxane-based polymer and another polymer are used as the specific polymer, it is preferred to distill off an alcohol generated at the time of the polycondensation reaction to obtain the polysiloxane-based polymer, under ordinary pressure or under reduced pressure before another polymer is mixed with the polysiloxane-based polymer.
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent in the present invention is a solution for forming a vertical liquid crystal alignment film and is a solution containing the specific polymer having the specific side chain structure of the above formula [1-1] or [1-2], and a solvent.
  • the specific polymer having the specific side chain structure is not particularly limited and is preferably at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, a novolac resin, a polyhydroxystyrene, a polyimide precursor, a polyimide, a polyamide, a polyester, a cellulose and a polysiloxane.
  • a polyimide precursor, a polyimide or a polysiloxane preferred.
  • the specific polymer one or more of such polymers may be used as the specific polymer.
  • All the polymer components in the liquid crystal aligning agent may be the specific polymers, or other polymer may be mixed.
  • the content of other polymer is from 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, preferably from 1 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the specific polymer.
  • the above polymer having no specific side chain structure of the formula [1-1] or [1-2] may be mentioned.
  • the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent may be properly selected in view of the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent and with a view to obtaining a desired film thickness.
  • the content of the solvent in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably from 50 to 99.9 mass%, more preferably from 60 to 99 mass%, particularly preferably from 65 to 99 mass%.
  • the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited so long as a specific polymer is soluble in it.
  • the specific polymer is the polyimide precursor, the polyimide, a polyamide or a polyester, or in a case where the solubility of an acrylic polymer, methacrylic polymer, novolac resin, polyhydroxystyrene, cellulose or polysiloxane in a solvent is low, it is preferred to use the following solvent (also called class A solvent).
  • N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone may be mentioned.
  • the specific polymer is an acrylic polymer, a methacrylic polymer, a novolac resin, a polyhydroxystyrene, a cellulose or a polysiloxane, or further in a case where the specific polymer is the polyimide precursor, the polyimide, a polyamide or a polyester and the solubility of such a specific polymer in a solvent is high, the following solvent (also called class B solvent) may be employed.
  • class B solvents disclosed in WO2014/171493 may be mentioned.
  • N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone which is the above class A solvent in combination. It is more preferred to use ⁇ -butyrolactone in combination.
  • such a class B solvent can improve the coating property and the surface smoothness when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to form a vertical liquid crystal alignment film
  • a class B solvent is preferably used in combination with the above class A solvent.
  • the proportion of the class B solvent is preferably from 1 to 99 mass% based on the entire solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is more preferably from 10 to 99 mass%, further preferably from 20 to 95 mass%.
  • At least one generator selected from the group consisting of a photo-radical generator, a photo-acid generator and a photo-base generator.
  • a compound hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific adhesive compound having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of structures of the following formulae [b-1] to [b-8], for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • B 1 is a hydrogen atom or a benzene ring
  • B 2 is at least one cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring
  • B 3 is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a C1-18 alkyl group, a C 1-18 fluorine-containing alkyl group, a C 1-18 alkoxy group and a C 1-18 fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
  • n is an integer of from 1 to 10
  • m is an integer of from 1 to 10.
  • the content of the specific adhesive compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably from 0.1 to 150 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. In order that the crosslink reaction proceed and the desired effects are obtained, it is more preferably from 0.1 to 100 parts by mass, most preferably from 1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components.
  • the specific adhesive compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more, depending upon the vertical alignment property of the liquid crystal when a vertical liquid crystal alignment film is formed, optical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal display device, etc.
  • a compound having an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group or a cyclocarbonate group, or a compound having at least one type of group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group such compounds will sometimes be generally referred to as a specific crosslinkable compound.
  • the compound has to have at least two such groups.
  • crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group specifically, crosslinkable compounds having an epoxy group or an isocyanate group disclosed in WO2014/171493 (published on October 23, 2014 ), pages 63 to 64 may be mentioned.
  • crosslinkable group having an oxetane group specifically, crosslinkable compounds of the formulae [4a] to [4k] disclosed in WO2011/132751 (published on October 27, 2011 ), pages 58 to 59 may be mentioned.
  • crosslinkable compound having a cyclocarbonate group specifically, crosslinkable compounds of the formulae [5-1] to [5-42] disclosed in WO2012/014898 (published on February 2, 2012 ), pages 76 to 82 may be mentioned.
  • crosslinkable compound having a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group or a lower alkoxyalkyl group specifically, melamine derivatives and benzoguanamine derivatives disclosed in WO2014/171493 (published on October 23, 2014 ), pages 65 to 66 and crosslinkable compounds of the formulae [6-1] to [6-48] disclosed in WO2011/132751 (published on October 27, 2011 ), pages 62 to 66 may be mentioned.
  • the content of the specific crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably from 0.1 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components. In order that the crosslink reaction proceeds and the desired effects are achieved, it is more preferably from 0.1 to 50 parts by mass, most preferably from 1 to 30 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic amine compound represented by any of the formulae [M1] to [M156] disclosed in WO2011/132751 (published on October 27, 2011 ), pages 69 to 73, in order to promote charge transfer in the liquid crystal alignment film and to promote charge loss of the device.
  • an amine compound may be directly added to the liquid crystal aligning agent, but is preferably added in the form of a solution in a proper solvent at a concentration of from 0.1 to 10 mass%, preferably from 1 to 7 mass%.
  • the solvent is not particularly limited so long as it is an organic solvent in which the specific polymer is dissolved.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent within a range not to impair the effects of the present invention, a compound which improves the film thickness uniformity or the surface smoothness of an obtainable vertical liquid crystal alignment film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied may be used. Further, a compound which improves the adhesion between the vertical liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, or the like, may be used.
  • the compound which improves the film thickness uniformity or the surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film may, for example, be a fluorinated surfactant, a silicone surfactant or a nonionic surfactant.
  • a fluorinated surfactant e.g., WO2014/171493 (published on October 23, 2014 ), page 67 may be mentioned.
  • the proportion of the surfactant is preferably from 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.01 to 1 part by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • the proportion of such a compound is preferably from 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably from 1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent in addition to the above compounds, a dielectric or an electrically conductive substance for the purpose of changing the electrical properties of the obtainable liquid crystal alignment film, such as the dielectric constant or the electrical conductivity, may be incorporated.
  • the substrate used for the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited so long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and not only a glass substrate, but also a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate or a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, and further a plastic film may be used.
  • the substrate is preferably a plastic substrate or film.
  • a substrate having an ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode, an IZO (indium zinc oxide) electrode, an IGZO (indium gallium zinc oxide) electrode, an organic conductive film or the like to power the liquid crystal formed thereon.
  • a substrate having a silicon wafer, a metal such as aluminum or a dielectric multilayer film formed thereon may be used only for one of the substrates.
  • At least one of the substrates has a vertical liquid crystal alignment film to vertically align liquid crystal molecules.
  • This vertical liquid crystal alignment film may be obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate, followed by baking and by alignment treatment e.g. by rubbing treatment or light irradiation.
  • the baked film may be used as the vertical liquid crystal alignment film even without such an alignment treatment.
  • the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, and industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an ink jet method, a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method or a spraying method may, for example, be mentioned, and the method may be properly selected depending upon the type of the substrate and the film thickness of the aimed vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the solvent is evaporated at a temperature of from 30 to 300°C, preferably from 30 to 250°C, depending upon the type of the substrate and the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent, by a heating means such as a hotplate, a circulating hot air oven or an IR (infrared) oven to form the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • a heating means such as a hotplate, a circulating hot air oven or an IR (infrared) oven to form the vertical liquid crystal alignment film.
  • the treatment is carried out preferably at a temperature of from 30 to 150°C.
  • the thickness of the vertical liquid crystal alignment film after baking is too thick, such is disadvantageous in view of the electrical power consumption of the liquid crystal display device, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the device may be lowered, and accordingly it is preferably from 5 to 500 nm. It is more preferably from 10 to 300 nm, particularly preferably from 10 to 250 nm.
  • the liquid crystal composition used for the liquid crystal display device is the above-described liquid crystal composition, and it is possible to incorporate spacers to control the space between electrodes (also called a gap) of the liquid crystal display device, in the liquid crystal composition.
  • the method of injecting the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and for example, the following method may be mentioned. That is, in a case where a glass substrate is used as the substrate, a pair of substrates having the vertical liquid crystal alignment film formed thereon is prepared, a sealing agent is applied to four sides of one of the substrates except for a part, and the other substrate is bonded so that the vertical liquid crystal alignment film faces inside, to prepare an empty cell. And, the liquid crystal composition is vacuum injected from a part not coated with the sealing agent, to obtain a cell containing the liquid crystal composition.
  • a method may be mentioned in which a pair of substrates having the vertical liquid crystal alignment film formed thereon is prepared, the liquid crystal composition is dropped on one of the substrates by an ODF (one drop filling) method or an ink jet method, and then the other substrate is bonded to obtain a cell containing the liquid crystal composition.
  • ODF one drop filling
  • ink jet method an ink jet method
  • the gap of the liquid crystal display device may be controlled e.g. by the above mentioned spacers.
  • a method of introducing spacers having the desired size in the liquid crystal composition, or a method of using a substrate having a column spacer having the desired size may, for example, be mentioned.
  • the gap can be controlled without introducing spacers.
  • the gap of the liquid crystal display device is preferably from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably from 1 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 2 to 30 ⁇ m. If the gap is too small, the contrast of the liquid crystal display device tends to decrease, and if it is too large, the drive voltage of the device tends to be high.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is obtained by curing the liquid crystal composition by irradiation with ultraviolet rays in such a state that the liquid crystal composition partly or entirely shows liquid crystallinity to form a cured product of the liquid crystal composition. Curing of the liquid crystal composition is carried out by irradiating the above cell containing the liquid crystal composition with ultraviolet rays.
  • an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus a known apparatus may be used.
  • a light source of the ultraviolet irradiation apparatus for example, a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp or an ultraviolet light-emitting diode may be mentioned.
  • an ultraviolet light-emitting diode an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing an ultraviolet light-emitting diode will sometimes be referred to as a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus
  • the loss of the irradiation intensity is little even without using a wavelength-selective filter, ultraviolet rays having a specific wavelength can be applied, and further, the heat generated from the light source can be suppressed.
  • the light source is disposed on the upper and lower parts of the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus so as to further promote curing of the liquid crystal composition.
  • Fig. 1 is a view schematically illustrating one specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (1)).
  • the numerical reference 2 represents a light-emitting part
  • 3 represents a power supply part.
  • the light-emitting part 2 is provided with a plurality of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes as the light source, and each ultraviolet light-emitting diode is so constituted as to emit light powdered by the power supply part 3 via a flexible cord 6 to apply ultraviolet rays with an aimed intensity.
  • Each ultraviolet light-emitting diode emits ultraviolet rays at a single wavelength, and emits ultraviolet rays at a wavelength required for preparation of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the light-emitting part 2 is attached at the tip of a manipulator which is not shown in Fig. 1 , and can be freely moved to or stopped at an optional position in a working space in accordance with an existing program or under control by an operator. Further, the angle of direction of the light-emitting part 2 or the ultraviolet light-emitting diode can be freely changed so that the ultraviolet rays can be applied to an aimed direction. Accordingly, this specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (1) can be suitably used e.g.
  • the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (1) is so constituted as to always monitor the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied to the object to be treated, i.e. the cell containing the liquid crystal composition, brightness and the temperature and to control them to be within certain ranges.
  • a sensor 4 which measures the intensity of ultraviolet rays applied from the ultraviolet light-emitting diode, and the brightness and the temperature on the surface of the object to be treated, is disposed in the vicinity of the light-emitting part 2, and values measured by the sensor 4 are always input into a control device 5 via a flexible cord 7.
  • the control device 5 contains an arithmetic circuit, and on receiving the values measured by the sensor 4, calculates output conditions (hereinafter sometimes referred to as power supply values) of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode required to control the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied to the object to be treated, the brightness and the temperature to be within certain ranges, by the arithmetic circuit, and calculates correction values of output conditions from the difference with the actual output conditions.
  • the correction values of the output conditions are transmitted from the control device 5 via a transmission line 8 to the power supply part 3. And, the power supply part 3 changes the output conditions on receiving the transmitted correction values.
  • the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays, the brightness and the temperature can be controlled to be within certain ranges.
  • the items to be controlled may optionally be selected depending upon the type and the properties of the object to be treated, i.e. the cell containing the liquid crystal composition, and it is possible to control all of the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays, the brightness and the temperature, or it is possible to control only one or two of them.
  • the upper limit value and the lower limit value of each item to be controlled may optionally be selected depending upon the type and the properties of the object to be treated.
  • ultraviolet rays applied can be focused, and application of ultraviolet rays to a very small range, for example, a range of at most 1 ⁇ m is possible.
  • the range of application of ultraviolet rays can be freely changed within a range of the performance of the lens.
  • Fig. 2 is a view schematically illustrating another specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2)).
  • the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2) has two light-emitting parts 2a and 2b disposed in parallel with each other in upper and lower parts with a predetermined distance.
  • the light-emitting parts 2a and 2b as the light source, many (n x m) ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are aligned in lines in a lattice form (n x m) in a horizontal direction.
  • the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are aligned in lines in a n ⁇ m lattice form, however, an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus in which the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are disposed in a houndstooth check, radial or honeycomb shape may also be used.
  • the direction of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in lines may not necessarily be the horizontal direction, so long as they are aligned in lines in a planar direction, that is, along one plane or a gently curved surface.
  • an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus in which ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are aligned in lines in a vertical direction may be employed.
  • each of such ultraviolet light-emitting diodes emits ultraviolet rays at a single wavelength and emits ultraviolet rays at a wavelength necessary for preparation of the liquid crystal display device, in the same manner as the above specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (1).
  • Each of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in the upper light-emitting part 2a is disposed downward, and is so constituted as to emit light powered by a power supply part 3 via a cable 9a to apply ultraviolet rays at with aimed intensity downward.
  • each of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes in the lower light-emitting part 2b is disposed upward, and is so constituted as to emit light powered by the power supply part 2 via a cable 9b to apply ultraviolet rays with an aimed intensity upward.
  • the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2) it is possible to apply ultraviolet rays in a plane of the object to be treated, i.e. the cell containing the liquid crystal composition, and further it is possible to apply ultraviolet rays simultaneously to the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the object to be treated.
  • the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2) is so constituted as to always monitor the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied to the object to be treated, i.e. the cell containing the liquid crystal composition, the brightness and the temperature and to control them to be within certain ranges.
  • sensors 4a and 4b which measure the intensity of ultraviolet rays applied from the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, and the brightness and the temperature on the surface of the object to be treated, are disposed respectively in the vicinity of the light-emitting parts 2a and 2b, and values measured by the sensors 4a and 4b are always input into a control device 5 via cables 10a and 10b.
  • the control device 5 contains an arithmetic circuit, and on receiving the values measured by the sensors 4a and 4b, calculates output conditions (hereinafter sometimes referred to as power supply values) of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes required to control the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied to the object to be treated, the brightness and the temperature to be within certain ranges, by the arithmetic circuit, and calculates correction values of output conditions from the difference with the actual output conditions.
  • the correction values of the output conditions are transmitted from the control device 5 via a transmission line 8 to the power supply part 3. And, the power supply part 3 changes the output conditions on receiving the transmitted correction values.
  • the radiation intensity of ultraviolet rays, the brightness and the temperature can be controlled to be within certain ranges.
  • the output (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a power supply amount) of all the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes disposed in the light-emitting parts 2a and 2b can be adjusted individually. Further, since the sensors 4a and 4b correspond to each of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes disposed in the light-emitting parts 2a and 2b individually, the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays from all the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes, the brightness and the temperature can be individually controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize the dispersion of the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied, the brightness and the surface temperature of the object to be treated, i.e.
  • the cell containing the liquid crystal composition and to uniformly apply ultraviolet rays over the entire surface of the object to be treated. Further, it is possible to create an optimum ultraviolet irradiation environment depending upon the properties of the object to be treated, the purpose, etc., by preliminarily preparing appropriate controlled conditions (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a profile) depending upon the type of the object to be treated and its preparation process and applying the profile when the ultraviolet rays are applied.
  • a profile appropriate controlled conditions
  • the irradiation intensities of all the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are 100%
  • the irradiation intensities of half of the ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are 100%
  • the irradiation intensities of the other half of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are 50%
  • the irradiation intensities of one third of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are 50%
  • the irradiation intensities of the remaining ultraviolet light-emitting diodes are 25%
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention it is preferred to employ the above specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (1) or ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2), whereby the wavelength and the irradiation intensity of ultraviolet rays applied, the brightness and the temperature can be controlled. It is particularly preferred to employ the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus (2).
  • the wavelength of ultraviolet rays from the ultraviolet light-emitting diode is preferably from 200 to 500 nm, more preferably from 250 to 450 nm. It is particularly preferably from 300 to 400 nm.
  • the irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode is preferably from 0.1 to 150 mW/cm 2 , more preferably from 1 to 100 mW/cm 2 . It is particularly preferably from 1 to 40 mW/cm 2 .
  • the irradiation time of ultraviolet rays is preferably from 1 to 600 seconds, more preferably from 5 to 300 seconds. It is particularly preferably from 10 to 120 seconds.
  • the surface temperature of the object to be treated i.e. the cell containing the liquid crystal composition is preferably from 0 to 100°C, more preferably from 10 to 50°C. It is particularly preferably from 15 to 30°C.
  • liquid crystal display device by using the liquid crystal composition containing the specific compound and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polymer having the specific side chain structure, a liquid crystal display device can be obtained in which favorable optical properties, that is, favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied are achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is high.
  • the molecular weight was measured using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (GPC-101, manufactured by SHOWA DENKO K.K.) and columns (KD-803, KD-805, Shodex) as follows.
  • GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
  • N,N'-Dimethylformamide (as additives, 30 mmol/L (liter) of lithium bromide monohydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O), 30 mmol/L of phosphoric acid anhydride crystals (o-phosphoric acid) and 10 ml/L of tetrahydrofuran (THF))
  • Standard sample for preparation of analytical curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000 and 30,000) (manufactured by TOSOH CORPORATION) and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12,000, 4,000 and 1,000) (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories Ltd.)
  • the imidization degree was obtained in accordance with the following formula from the peak integrated value of proton derived from a structure which would not be changed as between before and after the imidization as standard proton, and the peak integrated value of proton derived from a NH group of the amide acid which appeared in the vicinity of from 9.5 to 10.0 ppm.
  • Imidization degree % 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ x / y ⁇ 100 wherein x is the peak integrated value of proton derived from the NH group of the amide acid, y is the peak integrated value of standard proton, and ⁇ is the proportion of the number of standard proton per one proton of the NH group of the amide acid in the case of a polyamide acid (imidization degree of 0%).
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and acetic anhydride (3.85 g) and pyridine (2.40 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 50°C for 2 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide power (1).
  • the imidization degree was 56%
  • Mn hereinafter sometimes referred to as the number average molecular weight
  • Mw hereinafter sometimes referred to as the weight average molecular weight
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.5 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (3.95 g) and pyridine (2.45 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 60°C for 3 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide powder (3).
  • the imidization degree was 58%
  • Mn was 17,100
  • Mw was 49,800.
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (3.75 g) and pyridine (2.50 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 50°C for 2.5 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide powder (4).
  • the imidization degree was 51%
  • Mn 16,100
  • Mw was 45,900.
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (3.80 g) and pyridine (2.45 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 500°C for 2.5 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide powder (5).
  • the imidization degree was 56%
  • Mn was 15,800
  • Mw was 47,100.
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (3.85 g) and pyridine (2.45 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 50°C for 3 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide powder (6).
  • the imidization degree was 55%
  • Mn was 18,500
  • Mw was 56,100.
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (2.55 g) and pyridine (2.40 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 50°C for 2.5 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 60°C to obtain a polyimide powder (7).
  • the imidization degree was 50%
  • Mn was 15,500
  • Mw 48,900.
  • the obtained polyamide acid solution (30.0 g) was diluted to 6 mass% with NMP, and then acetic anhydride (3.70 g) and pyridine (2.40 g) as imidizing catalysts were added, followed by reaction at 50°C for 2 hours.
  • the obtained reaction solution was poured into methanol (460 ml), and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and vacuum-dried at 100°C to obtain a polyimide powder (8).
  • the imidization degree was 57%
  • Mn was 21,900
  • Mw 60,800.
  • the mixture was subjected to reflux for 30 minutes with heating in an oil bath, and then a preliminarily prepared mixed solution of a methanol solution (1.20 g) having a D4 content of 92 mass% and PGME (0.90 g) was added. Reflux was conducted further for 30 minutes, and then the mixture was left to cool to obtain a polysiloxane solution (1) having a concentration as calculated as SiO 2 of 12 mass%.
  • the mixture was subjected to reflux for 30 minutes with heating in an oil bath, and then a preliminarily prepared mixed solution of a methanol solution (1.20 g) having a D4 content of 92 mass% and PGME (0.90 g) was added. Reflux was conducted further for 30 minutes, and then the mixture was left to cool to obtain a polysiloxane solution (3) having a concentration as calculated as SiO 2 of 12 mass%.
  • polysiloxane-based polymers obtained in Preparation Examples are shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Preparation Example Polymer component Alkoxysilane component Alkoxysilane monomer represented by formula [A1] having specific side chain structure Alkoxysilane monomer represented by formula [A2] Alkoxysilane monomer represented by formula [A3] 9 Polysiloxane solution (1) D1 (4.10 g) D3 (7.45 g), D4 (1.10 g) D5 (32.5 g) 10 Polysiloxane solution (2) D1 (4.10 g) D4(1.10 g) D5 (38.8 g) 11 Polysiloxane solution (3) D2 (4.07 g) D3 (7.45 g), D4 (1.10 g) D5 (32.5 g)
  • liquid crystal aligning agent (1) was confirmed to be a uniform solution without abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent (8) was confirmed to be a uniform solution without abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent (11) To the polysiloxane solution (1) (12.5 g) obtained in Preparation Example 9, BCS (1.80 g), PB (3.60 g) and PGME (19.6 g) were added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (11).
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent (12) To the polysiloxane solution (1) (12.5 g) obtained in Preparation Example 9, PB (3.60 g), PGME (21.4 g), N1 (0.075 g), M1 (0.15 g) and K1 (0.075 g) were added, followed by stirring at 25°C for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (12).
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
  • liquid crystal aligning agent 14
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation.
  • liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Preparation Examples 12 to 26 are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • Loctite 3736 (manufactured by Henkel Japan Ltd.) (a liquid comprising, based on the entire amount of the liquid, 38 mass% of an aliphatic urethane acrylate, 36 mass% of isobornyl acrylate, 9 mass% of an acrylate ester, 9 mass% of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 5 mass% of a polymerization initiator and 3 mass% of an organic phosphoric acid compound) (0.75 g) and 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate (0.75 g) were mixed.
  • the obtained mixture (1.50 g) and a liquid crystal (MLC-6608, manufactured by Merck Japan Limited) (2.79 g) were mixed to obtain a liquid crystal composition (1).
  • a liquid crystal (MLC-6608, manufactured by Merck Japan Limited) (1.25 g), phenoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate (1.25 g), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (0.625 g) and a photosensitizing agent represented by the following formula [P1] (0.013 g) were mixed to obtain a liquid crystal composition (2).
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained in each of Preparation Examples was subjected to filtration under pressure through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m, and a liquid crystal display device was prepared. Specifically, the liquid crystal aligning agent was applied by spin coating on an ITO surface of a 100 ⁇ 100 mm ITO electrode-provided glass substrate (100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 0.7 mm in thickness) washed with pure water and IPA (isopropyl alcohol), and subjected to a heat treatment on a hotplate at 100°C for 5 minutes and in a circulating hot air clean oven at 210°C for 30 minutes to obtain an ITO substrate provided with a vertical liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
  • IPA isopropyl alcohol
  • the non-treated liquid crystal display device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays using s specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing the ultraviolet light-emitting diode shown in Fig. 2 as a light source (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus).
  • a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing the ultraviolet light-emitting diode shown in Fig. 2 as a light source (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus).
  • the wavelength of the light source of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode was 365 nm
  • the intensity of the ultraviolet rays was 15 mW/cm 2
  • the irradiation time was 60 seconds
  • the temperature of the substrate surface was 20°C.
  • the liquid crystal alignment property was evaluated, by observing the device with a polarizing microscope (ECLIPSE E600WPOL, manufactured by NIKON CORPORATION) to confirm whether the liquid crystal was vertically aligned or not. Specifically, a device in which the liquid crystal was vertically aligned was evaluated as excellent (represented by "good” in Tables 5 and 6).
  • the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained in each of Preparation Examples was subjected to filtration under pressure through a membrane filter having a pore size of 1 ⁇ m, and a liquid crystal display device was prepared. Specifically, the liquid crystal aligning agent was applied by a bar coater on an ITO surface of a 150x150 mm ITO electrode-provided PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate (150 mm ⁇ 150 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm in thickness) washed with pure water, and subjected to a heat treatment on a hotplate at 100°C for 5 minutes and in a circulating hot air clean oven at 120°C for 2 minutes to obtain an ITO substrate provided with a vertical liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Two such ITO substrates provided with a vertical liquid crystal alignment film were prepared, and spacers having a thickness of 6 ⁇ m were applied to the vertical liquid crystal alignment film of one of the substrates. Then, on the vertical liquid crystal alignment film to which the spacers were applied, the above liquid crystal composition was dropped by an ODF method, and the other substrate was bonded so that the vertical liquid crystal alignment films faced each other to prepare a non-treated liquid crystal display device.
  • the non-treated liquid crystal display device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays using s specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing the ultraviolet light-emitting diode shown in Fig. 2 as a light source.
  • the wavelength of the light source of the ultraviolet light-emitting diode was 365 nm
  • the intensity of the ultraviolet rays was 15 mW/cm 2
  • the irradiation time was 60 seconds
  • the temperature of the substrate surface was 20°C.
  • the non-treated liquid crystal display device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays using an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing a metal halide lamp as a light source (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a metal halide lamp-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus).
  • an ultraviolet irradiation apparatus employing a metal halide lamp as a light source
  • the non-treated liquid crystal display device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays with an intensity of the ultraviolet rays of 30 mW/cm 2 via a cut filter which cut off wavelengths of at most 350 nm (irradiation time of 30 seconds).
  • the temperature of the substrate surface was not controlled (a temperature increase to about 30°C was confirmed).
  • the liquid crystal alignment property was evaluated, by observing the device with a polarizing microscope (ECLIPSE E600WPOL, manufactured by NIKON CORPORATION) to confirm whether the liquid crystal was vertically aligned or not. Specifically, a device in which the liquid crystal was vertically aligned was evaluated as excellent (represented by "good” in Tables 5 to 7).
  • the transparency when no voltage was applied was evaluated by measuring the haze of the liquid crystal display device (glass substrate) in a state where no voltage was applied. Specifically, the haze was measured using a spectral haze meter (TC-1800H, manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku Co., Ltd.) as a measurement apparatus. A device with a lower haze was evaluated as excellent in the transparency (the haze is shown in Tables 5 and 6).
  • the scattering property when a voltage was applied was evaluated by applying an alternating voltage of 30 V to the liquid crystal display device (glass substrate) and measuring the haze under the same conditions as above. A device with a higher haze was evaluated as excellent in the scattering property (the haze shown in Tables 5 and 6).
  • the transparency when no voltage was applied was evaluated by measuring the haze of the liquid crystal display device (plastic substrate) in a state where no voltage was applied. Specifically, the haze was measured under the same conditions as above, and a device with a lower haze was evaluated as excellent in the transparency (the haze is shown in Tables 5 to 7).
  • the scattering property when a voltage was applied was evaluated by measuring the haze under the same conditions as above, and a device with a higher haze was evaluated as excellent in the scattering property (the haze is shown in Tables 5 to 7).
  • the liquid crystal display device (glass substrate) was stored in a high temperature high humidity chamber at a temperature of 80°C under a humidity of 90%RH for 120 hours, and presence or absence of bubbles in the liquid crystal display device (glass substrate) and separation of the device were confirmed. A device in which no bubbles were observed and separation of the device (separation of the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film) did not occur was evaluated as excellent (represented by "good” in Tables 5 and 6).
  • the liquid crystal display device (plastic substrate) was stored in a high temperature high humidity chamber at a temperature of 80°C under a humidity of 90%RH for 120 hours, and presence or absence of bubbles in the liquid crystal display device (plastic substrate) and separation of the device were confirmed. A device in which no bubbles were observed and separation of the device (separation of the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film) did not occur was evaluated as excellent (represented by "good” in Tables 5 to 7).
  • the liquid crystal display device As shown in the following Tables 5, 6 and 7, using any of the liquid crystal aligning agents (1) to (15) obtained in the above Preparation Examples, and the above liquid crystal composition (1) or (2), and by using, as the ultraviolet irradiation apparatus, the specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus or the metal halide-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus, the liquid crystal display device was prepared, and the liquid crystal aligning property, the optical properties (transparency and scattering property) and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film were evaluated.
  • Liquid crystal aligning agent Liquid crystal composition
  • Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Liquid crystal alignment property
  • Optical properties (haze (%)) Adhesion between liquid crystal layer and vertical liquid crystal alignment film (standard test/emphasized test)
  • Transparency (no voltage applied) Scattering property (voltage applied) 1 (1)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 13.1 90.0 Good/*1 2 (1)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.3 90.5 Good/good 4 (2)
  • Metal halide lamp-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 14.7 88.0 Good/- 5 (3)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 11.7 89.7 Good/- 6 (4)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.4 89.4 Good/- 7 (5)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 14.2 86.8 Good/- 8 (6) (1)
  • Liquid crystal aligning agent Liquid crystal composition
  • Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Liquid crystal alignment property
  • Optical properties (haze (%)) Adhesion between liquid crystal layer and vertical liquid crystal alignment film (standard test/emphasized test) Transparency (no voltage applied) Scattering property (voltage applied) 10 (8) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 15.1 88.8 Good/*2 11 (9) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.0 91.2 Good/good 12 (9) (1) Metal halide lamp-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 14.2 88.8 Good/- 13 (11) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.7 90.1 Good/*1 14 (11) (1) Metal halide lamp-type ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 15.1 87.4 Good/- 15 (12) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.4 90.5 Good/good 16 (13) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 12.3 90.6 Good/- 17 (14) (1) Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 1
  • Liquid crystal aligning agent Liquid crystal composition
  • Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Liquid crystal alignment property
  • Optical properties haze (%)
  • Adhesion between liquid crystal layer and vertical liquid crystal alignment film standard test/emphasized test
  • Transparency (no voltage applied) Scattering property (voltage applied) 1 (10)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus *3 *3 *3 *3/- 2 (1)
  • Specific ultraviolet irradiation apparatus Good 19.6 82.5 *1/- 5 (11)
  • *2 Bubbles were observed in a large amount in the device.
  • *3 The liquid crystal was not vertically aligned.
  • liquid crystal display devices in Examples are liquid crystal display devices in which favorable optical properties, that is, favorable transparency when no voltage was applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage was applied were achieved, and the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film was high, as compared with Comparative Examples.
  • liquid crystal composition (1) which is the liquid crystal composition in the present invention was used
  • favorable optical properties were achieved, that is, the haze when no voltage was applied was low, and the haze when a voltage was applied was high, as compared with Comparative Examples in which the liquid crystal composition (2) was used.
  • Examples are superior to Comparative Examples also in the adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film. Such are confirmed specifically by comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, between Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, between Example 13 and Comparative Example 4, and between Example 14 and Comparative Example 5, under the same conditions.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be suitably used for e.g. a liquid crystal display used for display and further a light control window or an optical shutter device controlling transmission and blocking of light, and as the substrate of such a liquid crystal display device, a plastic substrate or film can be used.
  • the present device can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display device used for transport equipment or transport machinery such as automobiles, trains and aircraft, specifically, a light control window or an optical shutter device used for a room mirror, controlling transmission and blocking of light, etc.
  • a liquid crystal display device used for transport equipment or transport machinery such as automobiles, trains and aircraft
  • a light control window or an optical shutter device used for a room mirror, controlling transmission and blocking of light, etc.
  • the present device provides favorable transparency when no voltage is applied and favorable scattering property when a voltage is applied, when the present device is used for a glass window of a vehicle, the light intake efficiency is high at night, and a higher anti-dazzling effect against external light will be achieved as compared with a conventional reverse device. Accordingly, the safety at the time of driving a vehicle and comfortability can be further improved.
  • the reliability of the device tends to be high as compared with a conventional reverse device. That is, failure or deterioration due to low adhesion between the liquid crystal layer and the vertical liquid crystal alignment film is less likely to occur.
  • the present device may be used also as a light guide plate of a display device such as a LCD (liquid crystal display) or an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) display or a back board of a transparent display employing such a display.
  • a display device such as a LCD (liquid crystal display) or an OLED (organic light-emitting diode) display
  • the present device suppresses entrance of light from the rear side.
  • the present device is in a scattering state with a voltage applied when an image is to be displayed on the transparent display, whereby the image can be clearly displayed, and after display of the screen is completed, the device is in a transparent state with no voltage applied.

Claims (13)

  1. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung, die sich in einem transparenten Zustand befindet, wenn keine Spannung angelegt wird, und in einem streuenden Zustand, wenn eine Spannung angelegt wird, welche ein Paar von Substraten umfasst, die mit einer Elektrode versehen sind, und eine Flüssigkristallschicht, die durch Einbringen einer Flüssigkristall-Zusammensetzung zwischen dem Paar von Substraten, die mit einer Elektrode versehen sind, gebildet wird, und Härten der Flüssigkristall-Zusammensetzung durch Bestrahlen mit Ultraviolett-Strahlen in einem solchen Zustand, dass die Flüssigkristall-Zusammensetzung teilweise oder vollständig Flüssigkristallinität zeigt, und wenigstens eines der Substrate mit einem Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsfilm bereitgestellt wird, um einen Flüssigkristall vertikal auszurichten, wobei die Flüssigkristall-Zusammensetzung einen Flüssigkristall, ein härtbares Harz, ein bifunktionelles Monomer und ein Monomer enthält, das wenigstens eine polare Gruppe aufweist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Hydroxygruppe, einer Carboxygruppe und einer Phosphorsäuregruppe, und der Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsfilm ein Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsfilm ist, der aus einem Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel erhalten wird, das ein Polymer mit einer Struktur der folgenden Formel [1-1] oder [1-2] enthält:
    Figure imgb0046
     wobei X1 und X3 jeweils unabhängig für wenigstens eine Bindungsgruppe stehen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Einfachbindung, -(CH2)a- (wobei a für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 15 steht), -O-, -CH2O-, -COO- und -OCO-; X2 für eine Einfachbindung oder -(CH2)b- steht (wobei b für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 15 steht); X4 für wenigstens eine bivalente cyclische Gruppe steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einem Benzolring, einem Cyclohexanring und einem heterocyclischen Ring, oder eine bivalente organische C17-51 Gruppe mit einem Steroidgerüst, mit der Maßgabe, dass ein beliebiges Wasserstoffatom an der cyclischen Gruppe mit einer C1-3 Alkylgruppe, einer C1-3 Alkoxygruppe, einer fluorhaltigen C1-3 Alkylgruppe, einer fluorhaltigen C1-3 Alkoxygruppe oder einem Fluoratom substituiert sein kann; X5 für wenigstens eine cyclische Gruppe steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einem Benzolring, einem Cyclohexanring und einem heterocyclischen Ring, mit der Maßgabe, dass ein beliebiges Wasserstoffatom an einer solchen cyclischen Gruppe mit einer C1-3 Alkylgruppe, einer C1-3 Alkoxygruppe, einer fluorhaltigen C1-3 Alkylgruppe, einer fluorhaltigen C1-3 Alkoxygruppe oder einem Fluoratom substituiert sein kann; n für eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 4 steht; und X6 für wenigstens ein Element steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer C1-18 Alkylgruppe, einer fluorhaltigen C1-18 Alkylgruppe, einer C1-18 Alkoxygruppe und einer fluorhaltigen C1-18 Alkoxygruppe;

            -X7-X8      [1-2]

    wobei X7 für wenigstens eine Bindungsgruppe steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Einfachbindung, -O-,- CH2O-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON(CH3)-, - N(CH3)CO-, -COO- und -OCO-, und X8 für eine C8-22 Alkylgruppe oder eine fluorhaltige C6-18 Alkylgruppe steht.
  2. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Flüssigkristall eine Phasenübergangstemperatur von 40 bis 120°C, eine Anisotropie des Brechungsindex (Δn) von 0,150 bis 0,350 und eine Anisotropie der Dielektrizitätskonstante (Δε) von -1 bis -10 aufweist.
  3. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das härtbare Harz wenigstens eine Verbindung enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer monofunktionellen Thiolverbindung, einer multifunktionellen Thiolverbindung und einem Oligomer derselben.
  4. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das härtbare Harz ein aliphatisches Urethanacrylat, Isobornylacrylat, einen Acrylatester, Hydroxyethylmethacrylat und einen Polymerisationsinitiator enthält.
  5. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Monomer, das wenigstens eine polare Gruppe aufweist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Hydroxygruppe, einer Carboxygruppe und einer Phosphorsäuregruppe, eine organische Phosphorsäureverbindung ist.
  6. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei das Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel ein Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel ist, das wenigstens ein Polymer enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einem Acrylpolymer, einem Methacrylpolymer, einem Novolac-Harz, einem Polyhydroxystyrol, einem Polyimid-Vorläufer, einem Polyimid, einem Polyamid, einem Polyester, Cellulose und einem Polysiloxan.
  7. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel ein Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel ist, das einen Polyimid-Vorläufer enthält, der durch eine Umsetzung einer Diamin-Komponente, die ein Diamin mit einer Seitenkettenstruktur enthält, die durch die obige Formel [1-1] oder [1-2] wiedergegeben wird, und einer Tetracarbonsäure-Komponente erhalten wird, oder ein Polyimid, das durch eine Imidisierung eines Polyimid-Vorläufers erhalten wird.
  8. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, wobei das Diamin mit der Seitenkettenstruktur, die durch die obige Formel [1-1] oder [1-2] wiedergegeben wird, ein Diamin der folgenden Formel [1a] ist:
    Figure imgb0047
     wobei X für die Struktur steht, die durch die obige Formel [1-1] oder [1-2] wiedergegeben wird, und m für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4 steht.
  9. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Diamin ein Diamin der folgenden Formel [1a-1] ist:
    Figure imgb0048
     wobei X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 und n wie für die obige Formel [1-1] definiert sind und m für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4 steht.
  10. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, wobei die Tetracarbonsäure-Komponente ein Tetracarbonsäuredianhydrid der folgenden Formel [3] ist:
    Figure imgb0049
     wobei Z für wenigstens eine Struktur steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus den Strukturen der folgenden Formeln [3a] bis [3k]:
    Figure imgb0050
    Figure imgb0051
     wobei Z1 bis Z4 jeweils unabhängig für wenigstens ein Element stehen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einem Wasserstoffatom, einer Methylgruppe, einem Chloratom und einem Benzolring, und Z5 und Z6 jeweils unabhängig für ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine Methylgruppe stehen.
  11. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel ein Polysiloxan enthält, das erhalten wird, indem ein Alkoxysilan der folgenden Formel [A1] einer Polykondensation unterzogen wird, oder ein Polysiloxan, das erhalten wird, indem das Alkoxysilan der Formel [A1] und ein Alkoxysilan der folgenden Formel [A2] oder [A3] einer Polykondensation unterzogen wird:

            (A1)mSi(A2)n(OA3)p     [A1]

    wobei A1 die Struktur ist, die durch die obige Formel [1-1] oder [1-2] wiedergegeben wird, A2 für ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht, A3 für eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht, m für eine ganze Zahl von 1 oder 2 steht, n für eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 2 steht und p für eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 3 steht, mit der Maßgabe, dass m + n + p 4 ist;

            (B1)mSi(B2)n(OB3)p     [A2]

    wobei B1 für eine organische C2-12 Gruppe mit wenigstens einem Element steht, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Vinylgruppe, einer Epoxygruppe, einer Aminogruppe, einer Mercaptogruppe, einer Isocyanatgruppe, einer Methacrylgruppe, einer Acrylgruppe, einer Ureidogruppe und einer Cinnamoylgruppe, B2 für ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht, B3 für eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht, m für eine ganze Zahl von 1 oder 2 steht, n für eine ganze Zahl von 0 ist bis 2 steht und p für eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 3 steht, mit der Maßgabe, dass m + n + p 4 ist;

            (D1)nSi(OD2)4-n      [A3]

    wobei D1 für ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht, D2 für eine C1-5 Alkylgruppe steht und n für eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 3 steht.
  12. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei das Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel wenigstens ein Lösungsmittel enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus 1-Hexanol, Cyclohexanol, 1,2-Ethandiol, 1,2-Propandiol, Propylenglycolmonobutylether, Ethylenglycolmonobutylether, Dipropylenglycoldimethylether, Cyclohexanon, Cyclopentanon und Lösungsmitteln der folgenden Formeln [D1] bis [D3]:
    Figure imgb0052
     wobei D1 für eine C1-3 Alkylgruppe steht, D2 für eine C1-3 Alkylgruppe steht und D3 für eine C1-4 Alkylgruppe steht.
  13. Flüssigkristallanzeige-Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei das Flüssigkristall-Ausrichtungsmittel wenigstens ein Lösungsmittel enthält, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidon, N-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidon und γ-Butyrolacton.
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TWI620971B (zh) 2018-04-11
TW201616190A (zh) 2016-05-01
CN106662780B (zh) 2019-12-31
JP6348979B2 (ja) 2018-06-27
EP3163367A4 (de) 2018-01-24
EP3163367A1 (de) 2017-05-03
WO2015199148A1 (ja) 2015-12-30
JPWO2015199148A1 (ja) 2017-04-20
US10386681B2 (en) 2019-08-20
KR101944638B1 (ko) 2019-01-31
CN106662780A (zh) 2017-05-10
KR20170023153A (ko) 2017-03-02
US20170199434A1 (en) 2017-07-13

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