Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
  • H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
  • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
  • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
  • B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/102—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
  • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
  • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
  • B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
  • B01D2253/1124—Metal oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
  • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture with an adsorbent material, in which the degree of loading of the adsorbent material can be determined by optical testing.
• Natural gas refers to a variety of possible gas compositions, which may vary widely depending on the deposit: Natural gas may consist almost exclusively of methane (CH 4 ) but may also contain significant amounts of higher hydrocarbons. Higher hydrocarbons "are understood to mean all hydrocarbons from ethane (C 2 H 6 ), regardless of whether they are linear saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons. Typically, the proportions of higher hydrocarbons in the higher molecular weight and higher vapor pressure natural gas decrease.
• Sulfur compounds of natural origin which can occur in low concentrations, should be mentioned in this context. Examples include hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), carbon oxide sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) and light organo-sulfur compounds such as MeSH.
• H 2 S hydrogen sulfide
• COS carbon oxide sulfide
• CS 2 carbon disulfide
• MeSH light organo-sulfur compounds
• MeSH light organo-sulfur compounds
• the natural gas For safety reasons further sulfur compounds, so-called odorants, admixed. Natural gas is normally odorless and non-toxic, but it can lead to flammable mixtures in combination with air. In order to immediately detect an uncontrolled escape of natural gas, natural gas is mixed with intense smelling substances in low concentration, which cause the smell characteristic of natural gas.
• the sulfur-containing compounds in natural gas or LPG can lead to a strong and irreversible poisoning of the catalysts in a fuel cell or in a reformer. For this reason, the hydrocarbon-containing gases which are supplied to the fuel cell must be cleaned of all sulfur-containing compounds. For this reason, fuel cell systems always contain a desulphurisation unit for the natural gas or LPG used.
• Adsorptive processes are characterized by a simple process control.
• the hydrocarbon-containing gas stream is simply passed through an adsorber, which is usually in the form of a fixed bed.
• the sulfur-containing compounds are retained due to their chemical-physical properties. With the duration of operation, a continuous loading of the adsorber, so that ultimately exhausted after absorbing the absorption capacity no sulfur-containing compounds can be adsorbed. When exhaustion of the absorption capacity then it comes to the breakthrough of sulfur compounds.
• adsorbent material is defined in the present invention as a material that can reversibly or irreversibly bind or incorporate sulfur-containing compounds into other compounds. Many materials have been investigated to produce adsorbent materials with higher absorption capacity for sulfur-containing compounds. The following proved to be suitable:
• WO 201 1/033280 A1 discloses the use of ZnO for desulfurization.
• WO 201 1/031883 A2 and Hwahak Konghak (2010), 48, 4, 534-539 disclose the use of zeolites for desulfurization.
• Hwan et al. (APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, 100, 7-2, p246-270), Lee et al. (JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, 10, 1, p203-210) and Chul et al. (APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL, 334, 1-2, p129-139) describe the use of zeolites and doped zeolites for desulfurization.
• the sulfur breakthrough is often prevented by the exiting from the adsorber hydrocarbonaceous gas mixture by analytical methods, such as gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, XRD analysis, etc., is examined at certain time intervals for its sulfur content. If the sulfur content exceeds a specified threshold value, the replacement or regeneration of the adsorber material takes place.
• a disadvantage of the adsorptive process for the desulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures described in the prior art is that the degree of loading of the adsorber can not be easily and directly determined on sulfur-containing compounds and high absorption of the absorption capacity, without risking a sulfur breakthrough, only by special analytical Effort is possible.
• the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for the adsorptive desulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures, in which the degree of loading of the adsorber can be determined in sulfur-containing compounds by optical testing of the adsorber.
• the adsorber material is intended to ensure the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and to indicate the degree of loading by means of a color change.
• the present invention is based in particular on the object to provide such a method for the adsorptive desulfurization of hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures, in which all common sulfur-containing compounds are removed from the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and each of the sulfur-containing compounds causes a color change of the adsorber.
• the object is achieved by a process for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture in which an adsorber material is brought into contact with the hydrocarbon-containing gas, characterized in that the adsorber material is a sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material A and at least one at least one transition metal compound B contains, which changes color by reaction with the sulfur-containing compounds.
• the degree of loading of the adsorbent material on sulfur-containing compounds can be determined simply and directly, without special analytical effort, by optical testing.
• the adsorbent material ensures the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and indicates by color change the degree of loading.
• all common sulfur-containing compounds can be removed from the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture. Each of these common sulfur-containing compounds can cause a change in color of the adsorbent material.
• the adsorber material according to the invention generally contains 0.01 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 30 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.01 to 20 wt .-% of at least one transition metal compound B, by reaction with the sulfur-containing compounds their color changes, and 60 to 99.99 wt .-%, preferably 70 to 99.99 wt .-% and particularly preferably 80 to 99.99 wt .-% of a sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material A.
• Suitable transition metal compounds B are compounds of external and internal transition metals which change color by reaction with the sulfur-containing compounds.
• the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese and molybdenum.
• the transition metal is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and molybdenum.
• Suitable here are the transition metal compounds in which the transition metal is used in a high oxidation state for this transition metal.
• the transition metal is preferably used in an oxidation state> 5.
• transition metal compounds of the following transition metals are useful in the bracketed oxidation states: vanadium (V), chromium (VI), molybdenum (VI) and manganese (VII).
• the transition metal is preferably used in an oxidation state> 6.
• Suitable transition metals of these oxidation states are chromium (VI), molybdenum (VI), manganese (VII). Particularly preferred is molybdenum (VI) and manganese (VII).
• Suitable such transition metal compounds B are transition metal oxides, oxygen acids of the transition metal or salts of an oxygen acid of the transition metal.
• the transition metal compound is a transition metal oxide or a salt of an oxygen acid of the transition metal.
• the transition metal compound is a transition metal oxide. Particularly preferred is the transition metal oxide Mo0 3rd In a further preferred embodiment, the transition metal compound is the salt of an oxygen acid of the transition metal, more preferably KMn0 4th
• the transition metal compound B may optionally also adsorb sulfur-containing compounds.
• Suitable sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing materials A are, for example, zinc oxide, mixtures which contain, inter alia, zinc, nickel or copper, zeolites or activated carbons.
• Preferred sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing materials are zinc oxide, mixtures containing, inter alia, zinc, nickel, or copper, or zeolites.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material is ZnO.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material is a zeolite.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material is a silver-doped zeolite.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material is silver-doped X-zeolite.
• the adsorber material according to the invention can be prepared as described below.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material A is prepared by generally known methods, for example by precipitation, impregnation, mixing, kneading, sintering, spraying, spray drying, ion exchange or electroless deposition.
• the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material can either be processed directly in the form of powder or first to moldings, for example. Strands, extrudates or tablets are implemented.
• the adsorber material of the present invention can be prepared in a variety of ways from the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material and the transition metal compound B by well-known methods.
• simple mixing, extruding, mulling, tableting, impregnating, if appropriate with subsequent calcining, impregnation, if appropriate with subsequent calcination are suitable.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention is prepared by impregnation, optionally with subsequent calcination, or by impregnation, optionally followed by calcination.
• the adsorber material according to the invention is prepared by impregnating strands of the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material A with the transition metal compound B.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention is prepared by impregnation of strands of the sulfur-containing compounds adsorbing material A with the transition metal compound B and subsequent calcination.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention can be used in the form of powders or shaped articles, such as extrudates, tablets, granules or extrudates.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention is preferably used in the form of extrudates, tablets, granules or extrudates.
• the adsorber material according to the invention is particularly preferably used in the form of extrudates, tablets or extrudates.
• the adsorber material according to the invention is used to remove sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture.
• the adsorber material according to the invention is preferably used for removing sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture, with which at least one fuel cell is operated.
• the inventive method is suitable for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures.
• the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture is preferably natural gas or LPG. Particularly preferably, the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture is natural gas.
• the composition of the natural gas can vary considerably depending on the site.
• the main component of the natural gas is always methane, in most cases the proportion is at least 90 vol .-%.
• natural gas generally contains even higher hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane, pentane and ethene.
• LPG contains as main components propane and butane, mostly their share is more than 90% by volume. In smaller quantities propene and butene are also included.
• the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture contains a total of 1 to 500 ppm, preferably 5 to 250 ppm of sulfur-containing compounds. Frequently, sulfur compounds are present in the following amounts:
• Mercaptans 0 to 100 ppm, preferably 1 to 100 ppm; Sulfides 0 to 100 ppm, preferably 1 to 100 ppm;
• Tetrahydrothiophene 0 to 20 ppm, preferably 0.5 to 20 ppm;
• mercaptans found in the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures to be purified are ethyl mercaptan and tert-butyl mercaptan, a common sulfide is dimethyl sulfide.
• the sulfur-containing compounds contaminated hydrocarbon gas mixture at a temperature of -50 to 150 ° C, preferably -20 to 80 ° C, more preferably 0 to 80 ° C, especially 15 to 60 ° C, and a pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar, preferably 0.5 to 4.5 bar, more preferably 0.8 to 2.0 bar are passed over the adsorbent material according to the invention.
• the hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture is passed in a straight passage through the adsorbent material according to the invention.
• the process is particularly preferably operated at 50 ° C and at atmospheric pressure.
• the absorption capacity of the adsorber material for a sulfur component is calculated from the mean concentration of the test gas at this sulfur component and the time after which the first sulfur-containing compound is detected in the online GC.
• Runtime is the time to which no sulfur compound is detected at the GC.
• the gas volume corresponds to the test gas flow under standard conditions.
• the sulfur-containing compounds can be removed below the detection limit of 0.04 ppm.
• the inventive method is ideal, especially for use in fuel cell systems.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention changes its color by reaction of the transition metal compound with the sulfur-containing compounds and thereby enables the determination of the degree of loading by optical testing.
• the reduction is effected by any of the sulfur-containing compounds comprising hydrogen sulfide, tetrahydrothiophene, dimethylsulfide, ethylmercaptan and tert-butylmercaptan.
• the inventive method of reforming can be connected upstream. This can be achieved by sulfur-containing gen compounds are purified hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture fed directly into the reformer for the production of hydrogen or directly into the fuel cell.
• the method according to the invention is suitable for all known types of fuel cells, such as low-temperature and high-temperature PEM fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), MCFC fuel cells (molten carbonate) and high-temperature fuel cells (SOFC).
• the method according to the invention is suitable for use in stationary and mobile applications.
• Preferred applications in the stationary sector are, for example, fuel cell systems for the simultaneous generation of electricity and heat, such as combined heat and power plants (so-called CHP units), preferably in the domestic energy supply.
• CHP units combined heat and power plants
• the system is suitable for the purification of gas streams for the desulfurization of natural gas for gas engines.
• the method for purifying hydrocarbons for fuel cells in passenger cars (PKW), trucks (trucks), buses or locomotives, preferably cars and trucks, more preferably cars are used. It is indifferent whether the fuel cells are used only for on-board power generation or for the drive.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention can be used alone or in combination with other adsorber materials suitable for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from hydrocarbon-containing gas mixtures.
• the adsorbent material according to the invention is present in an exchangeable desulfurization cartridge with built-in window.
• the built-in window can be made for example of glass, plexiglass or epoxy resin.
• the viewing window can have different proportions and sizes and be arranged at different locations of the desulfurization cartridge. For example, viewing windows which extend over the entire longitudinal direction of the cartridge or viewing windows which allow at least the view of the part of the adsorber material according to the invention which shows a color change only shortly before the sulfur breakthrough are suitable.
• the desulfurization cartridge can also contain two or more viewing windows, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the cartridge.
• the desulfurization itself may consist entirely or partially of transparent material.
• the replaceable desulphurisation cartridge can be easily and flexibly integrated into the previously mentioned stationary and mobile applications. Suitable cartridges are, for example, cylindrical containers with screwed-in threaded connections, into which gas-tight quick-action couplings can be screwed. The gas-tight quick-release couplings can also be attached directly to the container. Details of the structure of such desulphurisation cartridges are given in WO 2010/023249.
• the desulfurization cartridge can be easily and quickly replaced without structural changes to the application in question must be made.
• the cartridge can thus be easily replaced by a new cartridge with fresh inventive adsorber material.
• the maximum possible length L of the cartridge is thus a function of the specific pressure loss of the adsorbent material and the desired total adsorption capacity for a given adsorber material. From this length L and the required total volume V results in the diameter D of the cartridge.
• the equivalent diameter D here is the diameter of the circular cross-sectional area corresponding to the cartridge cross-sectional area.
• the ratio of L I D is preferably between 1, 0 and 25.
• the value of the parameter i is preferably between 0 and 100.
• Such a desulfurization cartridge is characterized by the fact that the minimal pressure loss due to its dimensions allows efficient use of the adsorber volume. This leads to the best possible use of the adsorber material used with the greatest possible service life.
• An impregnation solution is prepared by completely dissolving 100 g of ammonium heptamolybdate in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of deionized water and 34 ml of NH 3 -water (25% strength) (final density of the solution between 1.55 and 1.35). This solution is then sprayed onto the ZnO strands (target content Mo0 3 on strands: 10 to 20% by weight) with continuous circulation. After completion of the impregnation, stirring is continued for 30 minutes. The resulting impregnated strands are calcined in a drying oven according to the following procedure: The oven is preheated to 200 ° C and the material held at this temperature for 4 hours.
• the temperature is raised to 520 ° C (heating rate 10 ° C / min) and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. Finally, the temperature is brought to 560 ° C at a rate of 2 ° C / min. Finally, the material is cooled to room temperature and is ready for use.
• An impregnation solution is prepared by completely dissolving 100 g of ammonium heptamolybdate in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of deionized water and 34 ml of NH 3 -water (25% strength) (final density of the solution between 1.55 and 1.35). This solution is then, with continuous circulation on the Al 2 0 3 strands (target strands content Mo0 3 to 10 to 20 wt .-%) was sprayed. After completion of the impregnation, stirring is continued for 30 minutes. The resulting impregnated strands are calcined in a drying oven according to the following procedure: The oven is preheated to 200 ° C and the material held at this temperature for 4 hours.
• the temperature is raised to 520 ° C (heating rate 10 ° C / min) and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. Finally, the temperature is brought to 560 ° C at a rate of 2 ° C / min. Finally, the material is cooled to room temperature and is ready for use.
• An impregnation solution is prepared by completely dissolving 100 g of ammonium heptamolybdate in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of deionized water and 34 ml of NH 3 -water (25% strength) (final density of the solution between 1.55 and 1.35). This solution is then sprayed onto the X-zeolite strands (target content MoO 3 on strands: 10 to 20% by weight) with continuous circulation. After completion of the impregnation, stirring is continued for 30 minutes. The resulting impregnated strands are calcined in a drying oven according to the following procedure: The oven is preheated to 200 ° C and the material held at this temperature for 4 hours.
• the temperature is raised to 520 ° C (heating rate 10 ° C / min) and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. Finally, the temperature is raised to 560 ° C at a rate of 2 ° C / min brought. Finally, the material is cooled to room temperature and is ready for use.
• An impregnation solution is prepared by completely dissolving 100 g of ammonium heptamolybdate in a mixture consisting of 156 ml of deionized water and 34 ml of NH 3 -water (25% strength) (final density of the solution between 1.55 and 1.35). This solution is then sprayed onto the silver-doped X-zeolite strands (target content MoO 3 on strands: 10 to 20% by weight) with continuous circulation. After completion of the impregnation, the mixture is stirred for a further 30 minutes. The resulting impregnated strands are calcined in a drying oven according to the following procedure: The oven is preheated to 200 ° C and the material held at this temperature for 4 hours.
• the temperature is raised to 520 ° C (heating rate 10 ° C / min) and the temperature is maintained for 4 hours. Finally, the temperature is brought to 560 ° C at a rate of 2 ° C / min. Finally, the material is cooled to room temperature and is ready for use.
• the adsorber materials are tested in a glass reactor (internal diameter: 1.5 cm). This makes it possible to observe color changes of the adsorber material during the experiment.
• Adsorber rempliungen volumes of 200 ml of material are filled. Methane is available as a gas supply and is metered in by means of a mass flow controller. Gas flows between 0 and 500 Nl / h are possible.
• the natural gas is added either by means of an optionally cooled Operastroms expeditigers (for THT, ethylmercaptans, diethyl disulfide, tert-butyl sulfide and other liquid sulfur compounds) or via a beauschleife (for H 2 S and COS), the corresponding sulfur-containing compound.
• the sulfur-containing compound-containing gas is passed through the adsorber bed. By means of a gas chromatograph, the composition of the gas before and after the adsorbent bed is determined.
• all of the adsorber materials according to the invention described herein are suitable for the removal of sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon-containing gas mixture and, on the other hand, indicate the loading of the adsorber material by color change.
• molybdenum-containing Adsorbermatenalien color change from colorless to brown
• KMn0 4 -saturated Adsorbermatenalien color change from violet to beige.

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• 2012
  • 2012-10-30 JP JP2014540585A patent/JP2015510440A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-10-30 CA CA2854463A patent/CA2854463A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-10-30 CN CN201280054053.0A patent/CN103917285A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-10-30 EP EP12845459.2A patent/EP2773443A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-30 KR KR1020147014525A patent/KR20140088890A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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