Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
  • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
  • A61L2/08—Radiation
  • A61L2/088—Radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
  • A61L9/18—Radiation
  • A61L9/20—Ultraviolet radiation
  • A61L9/205—Ultraviolet radiation using a photocatalyst or photosensitiser
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
  • B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/72—Copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
  • B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
  • B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/8993—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
  • B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
  • B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
  • B01J31/38—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
  • B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
  • B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
  • B01J37/348—Electrochemical processes, e.g. electrochemical deposition or anodisation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
  • C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
  • C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/1229—Composition of the substrate
  • C23C18/1241—Metallic substrates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
  • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
  • C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
  • C23C18/1254—Sol or sol-gel processing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
  • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
  • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
  • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
  • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
  • A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
  • A61L2209/14—Filtering means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/835—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with germanium, tin or lead
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
  • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
  • B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0215—Coating
  • B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
  • B01J37/0238—Impregnation, coating or precipitation via the gaseous phase-sublimation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
  • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts

Definitions

• the invention relates to an optofluidic reactor and thus a catalytic material for the elimination of bacteria, viruses or particulate matter and fungal spores and other pollutants.
• photocatalytic substrates as opto-fluidic reactors.
• a substrate is, for example, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) - preferably in the tetragonal, crystalline form of anatase.
• TiO 2 titanium dioxide
• the latter releases electrons when exposed to sunlight, breaking up contaminants or other pollutants into harmless substances.
• the release of electrons from the oxide and the associated photocatalytic reaction is composed of a series of physical and chemical processes.
• oxygen radicals are formed on the surface of the oxide by the free electrons, which are also referred to as active oxygen.
• oxygen radicals include free radicals, such as the hyperoxide anion, the hydroxyl radical, the peroxyl radical or alkoxyl radical, and also stable molecular radicals, such as the known oxygen peroxide, hydroperoxide, ozone, or the hypochlorite anion.
• These oxygen radicals decompose molecules and organic contaminants when they come in contact with the surface of the oxide.
• the activated oxygen also builds odors and air pollutants, such. As nitrogen oxides, and organic particulate matter effectively. Furthermore, this oxygen kills bacteria and viruses - even aggressive pathogens such as SARS and H5N1 are effectively combated on contact with the oxide surface.
• the object of the present invention is in particular to provide an Optofluidrik reactor, which shows a high efficiency.
• this object is achieved by the provision of a coating in which a metal matrix with a catalytically active metal or metal oxide is formed on a surface.
• a reticulated plastic foam of, for example, polyethersulfone (PES) or polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) or polyurethane (PU) or polyester or polyether is provided, which is reticulated as a base foam.
• PES polyethersulfone
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyethylene
• PU polyurethane
• the thin intermediate walls between the individual foam cells are partially broken in such a way that the foam becomes fluid-permeable.
• foam has an enormously large surface, which is contacted by the latter as it flows through a fluid.
• the fluid may be air to be purified or water to be purified.
• the optofluidic reactor is preferably used for room air or water treatment.
• the optofluidic reactor can be embedded for its protection between UV-transparent layers, such as glass. This is then used in the flow gradient of a watercourse to be cleaned.
• a prefilter for filtering coarse suspended matter may be upstream.
• Such a reticulated foam suitable for the fluid flow advantageously has a pore number of up to 34 ppi (pores per inch).
• the average number of pores is 9 ppi (fluctuation range of 8 to 10 ppi) or 10.5 ppi on average (fluctuation range of 8 to 13 ppi) or 14.5 ppi on average (fluctuation range of 12 to 17 ppi). or on average 19.5 ppi (range of variation from 16 to 23 ppi) or on average 25.5 (range of variation from 12 to 29 ppi) or on average 30.5 (range of variation from 27 to 34 ppi).
• the reticulated base foam is then coated in a further process step with at least one first metal or metal alloy layer.
• the foam undergoes solidification, so that the resulting solid composite z. B. in sheet form as a ceiling element in rooms or as partitions can be used herein.
• This metal coating also embrittlement of the base material, ie the foam is prevented by light.
• a coated foam by the appropriate choice of a metal or a metal alloy fulfills decorative claims.
• the layer thickness of the metal is chosen so that the coated foam material acquires an Eigentragschreib. Also, this can cause sagging or sagging of the Composite material in that it is designed as a plate can be prevented. By choosing the layer thickness of the metal, the material is well controllable in terms of its strength.
• a suitable layer thickness has at least one (number word) micrometer. While metal foaming by thin foaming ensures good results for thin foam boards, wet-chemical coating processes are advantageous for thicker foam boards because they allow the thicker foam to be well coated down to its center.
• coating metals all physically, thermally or wet-chemically depositable metals or metal alloys are suitable.
• the metallically coated foam composite material is now an ideal support for the catalytically active layer to be subsequently applied, ie the photocatalytic substrate.
• a noble metal layer of silver, palladium or platinum or of alloys and compositions thereof is also suitable as the photocatalytic substrate.
• an optofluidic reactor which, thanks to its strength, can be easily cleaned with water or the like by the at least one first metal layer without losing its effect.
• the above combination according to the invention of photocatalysis and fluid flow show a tremendous improvement in the efficiency of the photocatalyst.
• the channels produced in the foam, which branch out like branches in the foam, provide a high surface area to fluid volume ratio, thus achieving better purification of the optofluidic reactor of the present invention.
• a preferred exemplary embodiment is described below:
• a reticulated plastic foam having a preferred pore number of 12-17 ppi and a thickness of 10 mm is coated in a first coating step with a copper layer which is a few nanometers to one (1 ⁇ m) or several micrometers thick. which is applied by vapor deposition, sputtering or by electroplating on the foam.
• This first metal layer is then reinforced by a further layer by means of metallization by galvanic means with copper, iron or aluminum with a layer thickness of more than 20 ⁇ .
• a nickel, white bronze or cobalt-tin layer which can be combined with an anti-allergenic cobalt-tin metal layer is applied galvanically to this copper layer.
• this layer or layer combination can also be a noble metal layer of z.
• palladium platinum or silver or alloys thereof - including as an alloy with one of the above metals nickel, zinc, white bronze, cobalt or tin.
• Layer thicknesses of at least 5 ⁇ m were found to be advantageous.
• the metallized material obtained by the coating is subsequently coated with a titanium dioxide layer as a photocatalytic substrate by dipping or flooding the foam or spraying it on.
• the coating is a sol or gel-based water or solvent based titanium dioxide solution. In addition to its photocatalytic action, this coating is also superhydrophilic, self-cleaning and highly antimicrobial.
• interior ceiling panels or room divider can be made, which clean the room air.
• design elements are advantageous, which can be set up indoors to clean the room air. In this case, the most varied forms of the material can be formed. In such embodiments, in addition to the air cleaning effect and the sound attenuation is remarkable.
• the interior elements can be useful also used in open-plan offices for noise reduction.
• the individual opto-fluidics elements for example plates
• the individual opto-fluidics elements can be connected to one another, for example adhesively bonded. It should be ensured that sufficient UV light can penetrate into the center of the elements connected in this way and a flow is ensured.
• a reactor made of elements between which a UV lamp is embedded proves to be advantageous. This radiates from the center of the reactor UV light to the outside. In addition to the emitted UV light, the integrated lamp can also emit light in the visible range, so that such a reactor then also serves as a luminaire. Such a connected lamp also leads by the resulting convection of the lamp by the resulting heat for forced flow through the Optofluidik reactor.
• Also according to the invention comprises a ventilation device that has as an essential functional element an opto-fluidic reactor, as described above.
• a ventilation device has a fan or the like to forcibly flow through the optofluidic reactor with air. This forced flow of the photocatalytic reactor increases the cleaning effect of the air many times.
• the foam material according to the invention can be easily replaced as optofluidic reactor in such a ventilation device, d. H. dismantle, and also clean.
• the optofluidic reactor according to the invention can also be used as a filter body for air suction hoods. These are in the art for kitchens, or for sucking vapors z. As solvents, welding fumes, or flue gases used.
• the photocatalytic effect of the optofluidic reactor can be advantageously increased as already shown above, when it is irradiated with a UV-A lamp.
• the attached Figures 1 and 2 are photographs of a reticulated base foam, as it can be used as starting material for the Optofluidik reactor.
• FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the foam of FIG. 1.
• a new coating for the purpose of decontamination of bacteria, viruses and other general impurities is shown below.
• additional coating applications without fluid flooding such as for door handles, sanitary fittings, or for all surfaces that touch experienced and thus exposed to contamination with bacteria and viruses. This concerns applications in the home, hospitals or public institutions.
• the preferred particle size of the Ti0 2 is 0-3 ⁇ ; eg KRONOClean 7000 and KRONOClean 7050 It is also possible to use nanoscale TiO 2 particles with a size of about 20 nm, whereby the preparation of the suspension may be complicated due to conglomeration problems, but is feasible. For nanoscale particles, it helps to use dispersant chemicals.
• the reticulated foam is coated in a first coating step with preferably a copper layer> 1 ⁇ by vapor deposition or by electroless process (chemical copper). 2.
• This first metal layer is galvanically coated with copper, iron, or aluminum (preferably Cu) with a layer thickness of more than 10 ⁇ until the foam acquires its own rigidity.
• NiP-Ti0 2 layer with a layer thickness> 1 ⁇ m is applied to this layer
• a layer to the photocatalytic layer 4 e.g. Bright chrome, or a noble metal e.g. Au, Pd, Rt or Pt.
• step 1 is omitted
• Cationic Fluorosurfactant 0.2 g / 1 FT 248 (BASF)
• BASF a rate of incorporation of up to 50% by weight is possible.
• a wetting agent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or standard wetting agents from galvanic chemicals supply companies to prevent pore formation.
• the Ti0 2 particles are held in suspension by an electrolyte movement by means of mechanical stirring. A gentle air injection is advantageous.
• Ti0 2 concentration depends on the desired incorporation rate of the oxide and the component geometry, as well as in general of the component (surface roughness, microgeometry, etc.).
• the TiO 2 - metal matrix deposition is possible with a wide variety of electrolytes as matrix metal.
• the matrix metals used as electroplated (by current) which are used are NiP, Ni, Co, Cu, W, Mn, Mo, Cr, Sn, Zn, (hard chromium), noble metals such as Pd, Pt, ruthenium, rhodium, and the like Alloys suitable.
• sulfamate electrolytes or ionic liquids can be used.
• the matrix metal is used with electroless processes such as chemical nickel-phosphorus and a variety of alloys, e.g. Ni-Co-P (hydrazine reducing agent), Co-P, Ni-Cu-P, Ni-W-P, Ni-Mo-P, and chemically copper.
• Ni-Co-P hydrogen reducing agent
• Co-P nickel-Cu-P
• Ni-W-P nickel-W-P
• Ni-Mo-P nickel-phosphorus
• chemically copper such as chemical nickel-phosphorus and a variety of alloys, e.g. Ni-Co-P (hydrazine reducing agent), Co-P, Ni-Cu-P, Ni-W-P, Ni-Mo-P, and chemically copper.
• Ti0 2 - intercalation layers The big advantage of these Ti0 2 - intercalation layers is that the catalytically active particles are fixed firmly in a very abrasion-resistant metal matrix and consequently a very long duration of action is to be expected.
• TiO 2 particles are always exposed on the surface at any time, even with incoming wear of the coating, and thus continue to work until complete wear of the coating occurs.
• these coatings of a metal matrix last incomparably longer and thus make them predestined for abrasion-stressed components and surfaces which are often damaged by, for example, , B. be claimed and contaminated, for example, especially in hospitals with different bacteria and viruses.
• Ti0 2 metal matrix layers produced in this way have the great advantage that in combination with light, they continuously reduce viruses and bacteria in door clinics, gripping surfaces, etc., and thus ensure maximum safety against contagion and transmission of diseases through contact contamination outside of cleaning cycles ,

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