EP2644794A2 - System of formwork blocks, structure constructed with same and method for constructing a structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has formwork block modules (2) whose side walls (4) are connected to each other via transverse webs (6). Several cavities are formed and dimensioned, and several vertical shafts and horizontal shafts are arranged in between which several pipelines are inserted for providing water sanitation, for applying heating, and for providing electrical installation. The objects having diameter of about 5-10 cm are accommodated in the dimensioned cavities. The internal height of horizontal shaft is about 20 cm. An independent claim is included for a method for constructing building by using formwork block system.

Description

The invention relates to a system of Schalbausteinen that can be layered to form a masonry, wherein the respective Schalbaustein two side walls which are connected to each other via a number of transverse webs, as well as of the side walls and of the transverse webs limited, pourable with a filling compound cavities. The invention further relates to a building produced using such Schalbausteine structure and to a method for building a structure.

Traditionally, single and multi-family houses and similar structures of masonry solid construction are built, usually individual stones - such as bricks, hollow blocks, clinker or natural stones - layered or set to form a masonry and connected by masonry mortar. This construction is usually associated with a lot of work on the site. After the erection of the masonry usually the water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation is made. For this purpose, slots are inserted into the masonry usually with suitable tools and laid the corresponding pipe and electrical cables in these slots. Subsequently, the remaining openings are filled again with mortar or the like and filled. These steps are associated with high manual effort.

From the state of the art so-called prefabricated houses are also known, however, suffer from the problem of logistics, especially when large-format and heavy precast concrete components are used. The alternatively encountered timber frame construction has primarily a low acceptance among those willing to build.

Furthermore, it is known building walls with the help of so-called Schalbausteinen, also called Schalstein or formwork stone (English. Hollow block or shuttering block) to build, which are set dry without mortar, and their cavities or air chambers after the erection of the masonry Concrete or poured with a cement mixture or with another hardening filling material. This avoids the costly execution and subsequent removal of a formwork that is normally required for concreting (principle of lost formwork). Typically, such Schalklausteine are made of concrete or lightweight concrete.

An example can be found in the German Utility Model DE 83 12 758 U1 , The shell module disclosed there has two side walls, which are interconnected via a plurality of transverse webs. The transverse webs are partially cut out at the upper end, in order to support the distribution of the filling material in the masonry during casting. However, the requirements of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation are not fully taken into account. Furthermore, this block, although on the abutting surfaces projecting Zapfteile, so that the individual stones are easier to set in flight and shifting when filling is prevented, however, the self-alignment when joining the stones is not fully pronounced.

In addition, there are also foam variants of Schalbausteinen, such as polystyrene. Although such stones are easy to handle due to their low weight, the masonry built with them is subject to static restrictions. Again, installation and self-alignment requirements are usually taken into account only to a limited extent.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a system of light and precise to be set Schalbausteinen, which simplifies a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation over conventional installation methods. Furthermore, a particularly convenient A method for building a structure using such Schalbausteine be specified.

The object related to the device is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, it is provided that the cavities are arranged and dimensioned so that in the erected masonry through vertical shafts and continuous horizontal shafts for receiving pipelines and similar objects of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation form, such objects with a cross-sectional dimension, in particular a diameter, of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, possibly even more, can be accommodated.

The terms "horizontal, vertical, top, bottom, etc." here and below refer to the intended installation position of the Schalbausteine in masonry. The term "continuous" means that the respective horizontal channel extends without interruptions over a plurality of scarf elements lying next to one another in a row of the masonry, in particular over the entire wall width, and preferably in a straight line manner without significant gradations or the like, so that a rectilinear, rigid pipe can be inserted or imported. In particular, the front sides of the scarf blocks are to be kept open at least in the region of the shaft cross-section. The same applies to the vertical shafts.

The invention is based on the idea that when setting a masonry with the Schalbaustein according to DE 83 12 758 U1 Approaching existing horizontal shafts and vertical shafts by suitable arrangement and dimensioning consistently to the effect that not only the subsequent distribution of the casting material between the individual stones is favored, but that a real utilization of these shafts for the inclusion of piping and similar objects of building services is possible. In the inventive system of Schalbausteinen the electrical, sanitary and Basic heating installation in the shell itself be made without annoying, subsequent slitting of the walls. The laying of the corresponding pipe and electric lines is rather already during the construction and before the backfilling of the masonry. Installation and bodyshell are virtually completed in parallel - preliminary planning and construction must therefore be adjusted accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, preferably exactly one of the horizontal shafts formed in each row of the masonry. The located between the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins transverse webs are expediently suitably cut or with a correspondingly low height, for example, only half as high as the side walls executed.

Furthermore, advantageously, at least one of the vertical shafts forms in each column or in each vertical stacking of the masonry. In particular, the cavity between two transverse webs of a Schalbausteins be part of such a vertical shaft. Alternatively or additionally, the cavity between the transverse webs of consecutive in the horizontal direction Schalbausteinen be part of a vertical shaft. Optionally, the Schalbausteine for laying in the masonry association, designed for example in the runners or Binderverband, expediently exist two basic types of Schalbausteins, the transverse webs are offset from each other so that form with appropriate installation of Schalbausteine continuous vertical wells. Normally, however, the system does not require the displacement of building blocks - they are simply stacked on top of each other, and the chessboard or matrix-like masonry formed by the formwork blocks gets its stability later through the backfilling.

It is particularly advantageous if the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that pipes accommodated in the horizontal shafts with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, to a length of up to 5 m, preferably of up to 20 m, with a gradient of at least 1%, ie at least 1 cm height difference per 100 cm horizontal extent, can be laid. This is especially important for drains to ensure proper technical operation in accordance with relevant sanitary codes and standards.

Conveniently, the clear height of the respective horizontal shaft is at least 20 cm for this purpose. The clear width of the respective horizontal shaft, which is determined as well as the clear width of the respective vertical shaft in the normal case by the distance of the side walls of the Schalbausteins, is preferably at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm.

For ordinary applications, it is advantageous if the respective shell component has exactly two cross members, which delimit the space provided for forming a horizontal shaft upwards. Downwards, the cavity of the individual Schalbausteins is suitably open, so limited by any bottom plate or the like. The limitation of the respective horizontal shaft down rather arises only in the masonry, through the transverse webs of the underlying in the row Schalbausteins. At the top is expediently likewise no ceiling plate or the like provided.

Further, it is advantageous if the respective scarf module is provided with alignment elements for self-alignment or self-centering when erecting the masonry, preferably both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction.

For this purpose, advantageously, the respective transverse web of the scarf module has a head section which projects beyond the upper edges of the side walls and is provided with edge centering bevels. Along these Zentrierschrägen along the lower edges of the side walls of the next higher row of stones in the masonry when setting the Schalbausteine down to slide into the support position, automatically centering in the alignment of the wall takes place.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins have at the top and at the bottom of horizontal abutting edges with over the entire side wall thickness of time flat formed bearing surfaces, especially when the bearing surfaces are aligned horizontally. As a result, a higher static resistance of the masonry compared to stepped and / or beveled bearing surfaces is achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the side walls of the respective Schalbausteins on the front sides vertical abutting edges, which are provided with connecting elements according to the tongue and groove principle, in particular in the manner of a bung. Under bung is an embodiment of a tongue and groove joint, each with a groove and a spring per connection partner to understand, preferably the spring is half as thick as the side wall to which it is formed, or the continuation forms them.

In an advantageous embodiment of this type of connection has a subset of springs vertically extending, directed towards the interior of the Schalbausteins webs and another subset of springs complementary recesses. It is particularly preferred if the respective web has a rounded, in particular circular segment-shaped, especially semicircular cross-section. Thus, to a certain extent a second tongue and groove connection is realized within the first tongue and groove joint, which is designed by an advantageous rounding of the spring and tappet elements and the complementary grooves and slots for a trouble-free, self-centering connection of Schalbausteine within a row of masonry.

In an advantageous variant of the modular system, at least one of the scarf modules is configured as a revision module which allows access to the cavities in the interior, in particular in the intersection region of vertical and horizontal shafts, via an engagement opening in one of the side walls which can be closed by a cover element. Such revision modules allow, for example, the subsequent connection or adaptation of laid pipelines even after the construction - but even before the potting of the cavities - the wall, about to run a run in a vertical shaft downpipe subsequently to a run in a horizontal shaft sewage pipe, or to connect electrical lines together, or lead out an external connector from the wall ,

In a conceivable embodiment, the cover element is designed as a folding or pivoting element and preferably connected via at least one hinge with the associated side wall. Preferably, however, the cover is loosely inserted into the engagement opening, wherein it is advantageously applied in the closed state with edge slopes on complementary slopes of the border of the engagement opening. Until the filling of the wall cavities, the cover can be fixed from the outside, for example by means of an eyelet-floor combination.

Conveniently, the respective Schalbaustein is made in one piece and is preferably made of concrete, lightweight concrete, shale, pumice, lava or expanded clay. Particularly preferred is lightweight concrete, while for the backfilling of the cavities, for example, special concrete or cement mixtures are used with good thermal insulation properties. Particularly in the case of a multi-storey construction, the corresponding static requirements can be taken into account by integrating reinforcements, for example reinforcing steels and / or fibers. Such reinforcing or fiber elements can be inserted in particular in the vertical and / or horizontal shafts and then encapsulated with the hardening filling material. With appropriate design of Schalbausteine with refined surface, it is also possible to replace the normally existing interior plaster by filling the walls, in order to achieve additional time and cost advantages.

Furthermore, it is of particular advantage if, in addition to shell blocks of the basic type and shell blocks from at least one of the following groups are present: foundation stone, ceiling tile, corner joint stone, T and double T-connection stone. In particular, the cornerstones and the T-stones provided with appropriate lateral openings to allow the passage of pipes and pipes in the connection walls. As a result, a system of shell components is provided, which from the foundation stone to the ceiling connections, the integration of the entire building services in the wall body makes and takes into account the associated assembly requirements from the ground up.

The outer dimensions and wall thicknesses of the Schalbausteine can vary according to the requirements and the concrete structural context, but expediently the above-mentioned framework specifications for the dimensioning of the inner cavities are observed. Preferably, the weight of a single building block in the range between 20 and 35 kg, on the one hand to support a sufficient stabilization of the masonry by its own weight, but on the other hand by a single worker can be set relatively easily without mechanical aids.

The above-mentioned, related to the method object is achieved by a method for building a structure using a system of shell components of the type described above, in which during the layering of the shell components to a masonry objects of a water, sanitary or electrical installation without Making masonry slits laid in the forming vertical shafts and horizontal shafts and connected, then the remaining cavities in the masonry with a filling material, especially concrete, are shed. In this case, advantageously no binder or mortar is used to connect the stones to each other during the construction of the masonry, but the stones are using their self-centering properties just dry or set to each other.

The advantages achieved by the invention are in particular that by the complete integration of building services - water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation - in a kit-like system of respect to their cavities correspondingly configured and dimensioned scarf blocks a Substantial acceleration of the construction progress along with cost advantages while maintaining the proven masonry construction is achieved.

The inventive system of Schalbausteinen is characterized in particular by the fact that the vertical and horizontal shafts in the respective Schalbaustein are communicating with each other, forming crossing areas with corresponding shaft connections. The system can solve virtually all problems of pre-installation of the entire building services due to the communicating or networked horizontal and vertical shafts.

Another advantage over previous solutions is the fact that the connecting webs (transverse webs) between the two side walls of a Schalbausteins simultaneously meet different requirements: connection of concrete slabs, guidance and centering of installations, recording of fasteners, as well as by inclined surfaces caused automatic alignment of Schalbausteine ,

FIG. 1

einen Grundtyp des erfindungsgemäßen Schalbausteins (Systemstein) in perspektivischer Ansicht von schräg oben,

FIG. 2

eine Mehrzahl von möglichen Verbindungsprofilen für die stirnseitigen vertikalen Verbindungen zwischen den Schalbausteinen,

FIG. 3

eine bevorzugte Form der stirnseitigen vertikalen Verbindung zwischen zwei Schalbausteinen als Detail in perspektivischer Ansicht,

FIG. 4

einen aus vier Schalbausteinen gemäß FIG. 1 gebildeten Abschnitt einer Mauer,

FIG. 5

eine Mehrzahl von möglichen Verbindungsprofilen für die horizontalen Verbindungen zwischen den Schalbausteinen,

FIG. 6

von oben nach unten einen Systemstein in Abmessung 50x50x30 cm, einen Systemstein in Abmessung 25x50x30 cm, einen Systemstein in Abmessung 25x25x30 cm, einen Systemstein in Abmessung 50x50x30 cm für T-Anbindung von Wänden, einen weiteren Systemstein für T-Anbindung von Wänden

FIG. 7

von oben nach unten einen Systemstein für Wandanschlüsse mit Aussparung für die Installation, einen Systemstein mit Revisionsklappe für Arbeiten an der Installation, einen Systemstein mit T-Anschluss, einen System-Eckstein,

FIG. 8

von oben nach unten eine Abdeckung für Systemsteine für den aufgesetzten Abschluss, einen Verbindungsstein mit Aussparungen für die Installation, eine Abdeckung für Systemsteine für den bündigen Abschluss, eine Abdeckung für die obere Seite von Systembausteinen (z. B. für Fensterbänke, Brüstungen),

FIG. 9

von oben nach unten einen Deckenanschlussstein mit Aussparungen für das nachträgliche Verfüllen mit Beton und für die Ablage von Fertigdecken bzw. Deckenelementen, einen weiteren Deckenanschlussstein mit Aussparungen, einen Deckenanschlussstein für Innenanschluss, einen Deckenanschlussstein in der Variante Ecke für Innenanschluss,

FIG. 10

von oben nach unten einen Fundamentstein mit Auflage für Fundamentplatten bzw. Fundamentelemente und mit Aussparungen für das Verfüllen mit Beton, einen weiten Fundamentbaustein, eine Basiselementecke für das gerichtete Aufsetzen von Wandelementen, ein weiteres Basiselement,

FIG. 11

einen Revisionsstein mit abnehmbarer Revisionsklappe, oben im verschlossenen Zustand und unten im geöffneten Zustand,

FIG. 12

verschiedene T-Anschlusssteine,

FIG. 13

einen Abschnitt eines aus mehreren Mauern mit zum Teil unterschiedlicher Wandstärke zusammengesetzten Bauwerkes mit integrierter Sanitär- und Elektroinstallation,

FIG. 14

eine Draufsicht auf eine Außenwand mit T-förmigen Anschlusssteinen für eine Innenwand,

FIG. 15

eine Ansicht eines Kellerfundaments mit Fundamentsteinen, Fundamentplatte und aufgesetztem Mauerwerk,

FIG. 16

eine Wand mit Fensteraussparung, Rollladenkastenelement und Revisionsstein, und

FIG. 17

einen Abschnitt einer Mauer, der mit einer Dämmung in Form von auf die Seitenwände der Schalbausteine aufgebrachten Dämmplatten ausgestattet ist.

Various embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to drawings. In each case, in a simplified and schematic representation:

FIG. 1

a basic type of Schalbausteins invention (system stone) in a perspective view obliquely from above

FIG. 2

a plurality of possible connection profiles for the frontal vertical connections between the shell components,

FIG. 3

a preferred form of the frontal vertical connection between two Schalbausteinen as a detail in perspective view,

FIG. 4

one of four Schalbausteinen according to FIG. 1 formed section of a wall,

FIG. 5

a plurality of possible connection profiles for the horizontal connections between the shell components,

FIG. 6

from top to bottom a system stone measuring 50x50x30 cm, a system stone measuring 25x50x30 cm, a system stone measuring 25x25x30 cm, a system stone measuring 50x50x30 cm for T-connection of walls, another system stone for T-connection of walls

FIG. 7

from top to bottom a system brick for wall connections with recess for installation, a system stone with access panel for work on the installation, a system brick with T-connection, a system cornerstone,

FIG. 8th

from top to bottom, a top-mounted system stone cover, a connection block with recesses for installation, a flush-mounted system-stone cover, a top-side cover of system building blocks (eg for sills, parapets),

FIG. 9

from top to bottom a ceiling tile with recesses for the subsequent filling with concrete and for the storage of finished ceilings or ceiling elements, another ceiling connection block with recesses, a ceiling connection block for indoor connection, a ceiling tile in the variant corner for indoor connection,

FIG. 10

from top to bottom a foundation stone with support for foundation plates or foundation elements and with recesses for filling with concrete, a wide foundation block, a base element corner for the directed placement of wall elements, another base element,

FIG. 11

a revision stone with removable access panel, at the top in the closed state and at the bottom in the opened state,

FIG. 12

different T-connectors,

FIG. 13

a section of a building composed of several walls with partly different wall thickness with integrated sanitary and electrical installation,

FIG. 14

a plan view of an outer wall with T-shaped connecting blocks for an inner wall,

FIG. 15

a view of a basement foundation with foundation stones, foundation plate and attached masonry,

FIG. 16

a wall with window recess, shutter box element and revision stone, and

FIG. 17

a section of a wall, which is equipped with an insulation in the form of applied to the side walls of the Schalbausteine insulation boards.

Identical or equivalent parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.

The in FIG. 1 Shawm 2 shown in a perspective view is made of lightweight concrete as a molded block in an integral construction. He has a total of a substantially cuboid outline and has two similar, arranged plane-parallel to each other and each formed from a plate with a rectangular outline side walls 4. The two side walls 4 are about plate-like, aligned perpendicular to the side walls transverse webs 6 or struts or columns, which in the manner of a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the end-side vertical abutting edges 8 of the Schalbausteins 2 are arranged offset inwardly, connected to each other.

The frontal vertical abutting edges 8 are designed for a tongue and groove joint with adjacent Schalbausteinen 2 in a row of masonry and have for this purpose corresponding grooves 10 and springs 12 - here in the manner of a bung, in the thickness of the spring 12 of half the thickness of Sidewall 4 corresponds to - on. While at the right end of the Schalbausteins 2 according to FIG. 1 the springs 12 are arranged on the outside and the grooves 10 on the inside, so that the springs 12 effectively form an extension of the outer surfaces of the side walls 4, this is reversed at the left end, so that the springs 12 there an extension or continuation of the inner surfaces the side walls 4 form. Advantageously, the two outer springs 12 are provided at the right end on its inner side in each case with a substantially semi-cylindrical, vertically oriented and over the entire height of the spring 12 away extending web 14; the two internally arranged springs 12 at the left end, however, have on their outer side a complementary recess 16.

Alternatively, the webs 14 and associated recesses 16 may be profiled in a rectangular shape, preferably with rounded corners. Alternatively, the in FIG. 2 shown in cross-section hook-shaped or provided with pointed protrusions and recesses groove and tongue profiles are used for the vertical connections.

The interaction of the two preferred connection partners when joining two frontally adjoining Schalbausteinen 2 is in FIG. 3 picked out in detail. It is also in FIG. 4 recognizable, which shows an example of a four Schalbausteinen 2 in checkerboard-like 2x2 arrangement - without offset of the individual rows against each other - formed section of a wall. To make the connection, a shell 2 block of a masonry row is first set; then the next stone in the row is lowered from above, in such a way that the webs 14 in the associated Slide depressions 16. In the connected state then there is a by the grooves 10 and springs 12 on the one hand and the webs 14 and depressions 16 on the other hand effected positive engagement, which secures the Schalbausteine 2 against displacement or dislocation in the horizontal direction and thus keeps aligned in the masonry centered. Then the next scarf module 2 of the series is set, etc.

The horizontal abutting edges 18 on the upper and lower sides of the side walls 4 of a Schalbausteins 2 are preferably flat, so executed without grading, so that continuous, horizontally aligned bearing surfaces 20 form.

Alternatively, the in FIG. 5 shown in cross-section stepped and / or beveled profiles for the horizontal connections.

To support the self-centering assembly of the scarf blocks 2, the transverse webs 6 each have an at least partially opposite the upper edges, ie opposite the support surfaces 20 of the side walls 4 upwardly projecting head portion 22 which is provided with edge-side, to the support surfaces 20 expiring toward centering bevels 24. The middle region of the head portion 22 of the respective cross bar 6 is in a preferred embodiment, as well in FIG. 1 or in FIG. 4 can be seen arcuately, in particular circular arc-shaped cut, so that in the result only the relatively narrow, provided with the centering bevels 24 wedge-shaped projections 26 protrude beyond the upper abutting edges 18 of the side walls 4.

The transverse webs 6 are each provided with a vertically aligned central bore 28 which can be used, for example, for guiding or fixing cables of a mounting bracket.

The transverse webs 6 do not extend over the entire height of the side walls 4 of the respective Schalbausteins 2. Rather, the two side walls 4 a significant projection with respect to the lower edge 30 of the transverse webs 6 on. This lower edge 30 is analogous to the upper edge 32 arcuate, in particular circular arc cut out, so that the transverse web 6 has a bi-concave shape with a rectilinear, abutting on the side walls 4 side edges in lateral plan view. As a result, in the shell component 2 below the transverse webs 6 cavities are formed, which are bounded laterally by the side walls 4 of the shell components 2 and at the top by the bottom edges 30 of the transverse webs 6. Through the juxtaposition of the individual cavities, continuous horizontal cavities, in short, horizontal shafts 34, are formed in the individual rows of masonry composed of the shell components 2, which are bounded above by the lower edges 30 of the upper transverse webs 6 and below by the upper edges 32 of the lower transverse webs 6 ,

The cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal wells 34 are such that piping and other objects of a water, sanitary or electrical installation with a diameter or with a cross-sectional dimension of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm or more therein during the construction of the masonry can be moved. Therefore, the width of the horizontal shafts 34, that is, the distance a of the side walls 4, at least 5 cm, preferably at least 10 cm. The height of the horizontal shafts 34 expediently takes into account the additional requirement to lay sewage pipes over a longer distance, for example 5 m to 20 m with a constant gradient of about 1%, and therefore is at least 12 cm, preferably at least 20 cm or more. For example, the distance b between the upper edge 32 of the lower transverse web 6 and the lower edge 30 of the transverse web 6 lying above in the stone row in the middle, ie at the apexes of the arcuate cutouts, is preferably about 25 cm to 30 cm.

The forming in the masonry between the transverse webs 6 vertical wells 36 are also designed with respect to their dimensions for the inclusion of objects above type and dimension. For example, the distance c between two cross members 6 of a Schalbausteins 2 is about 20 cm to 25 cm. The distance d between a cross member 6 of a scarf module 2 and the next cross member 6 of the following in the series Schalbausteins 2 is for example about 15 cm to 20 cm.

It is understood that the above dimensions are exemplary, illustrative in nature and may be varied as needed. In this sense, the families of shell blocks with different masonry width (= wall thickness) and side wall thickness (= formwork strength) are also to be understood in the appendix. In the tables reproduced there, the term cavity denotes the cavity available per shell for installations (height x width for the horizontal cavities, length x width for the vertical cavities). From these cavities are then put together in the juxtaposition or stacking of Schalklausteine the masonry, the resulting horizontal shafts and vertical shafts.

As you can see from the tables, there are several other types for specific purposes besides the basic type of formwork unit with different wall thicknesses and formwork thicknesses. All stones have in common their structure and function as fillable with concrete or the like formwork blocks with coordinated centering and connecting elements of the type described above, and the continuous design for the installation requirements of a water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation - and Accordingly, the integration of suitably dimensioned cavities, which complement in the masonry to continuous horizontal shafts and vertical shafts. In FIG. 6 to 10 Different building blocks of the basic type as well as special function modules along with associated covers, connection elements and connection elements, etc. are shown by way of example. This includes not shown in detail window and lintels and window and door reveals. Especially with the smaller components, a connection of the two side walls can be provided by only a single cross member. For larger blocks but could also be present three or more cross member.

The system provides that a complete floor or a whole floor of a building, such as a single or multiple dwelling, can be created with all installations, windows, doors and the like, before the Schalbausteine with the intended filling material, in particular concrete, are filled.

A special role is played in the FIG. 11 Revision module 38 shown in perspective, which allows access to the cavities in the interior, in particular in the crossing area of vertical and horizontal shafts 34, 36 via a locking opening 42 which can be closed by a cover element 40 or a flap in one of the two side walls 4. This special module allows the subsequent connection and inspection of installation objects, in particular of horizontal and vertical pipe and cable ducts even after the wall has been set up. In principle, each of the block types of the system, including the blocks provided with a special function, can be designed as a revision block.

In the illustrated example, the covering element 40, which is arranged between the two cross members 6 and extends over the entire height of the side wall 4 and is contoured rectangular in outline, is pushed slightly from the outside into the engagement opening 42 and then brought into the closed position by tilting. The cover member 40 has at the side edges bevels 44 which insert into complementary slopes 46 at the boundary edges of the engagement opening 42 in a self-aligning manner. In the closed position, the cover element 40 then bears against the border formed by the side wall 4 from the inside. A hinge can thus be dispensed with. However, it must be a temporary fixation before filling the Schalbausteins attached, consisting of a mounted on the outside of the side wall eyelet-floor combination, as in FIG. 11 shown above, may exist. The eyelet 48 is fixedly connected to the cover member 40, and the stick 50 or rod is simply inserted therethrough for fixing the assembly, so that it protrudes laterally beyond the cover member 40 and engages over the adjacent side wall surfaces. Notwithstanding the illustrated example, the cover 40 could of course also be surrounded by the side wall 4 above and / or below.

The connection between masonry walls of different thickness, especially between outer walls and perpendicular thereto inner walls of a building is done by special connection blocks that are similar to the basic type, but are laterally equipped with terminals and fasteners, preferably also after the tongue and groove principle. For the passage of (branching) pipes and conduits through holes 51 and slots are provided in the required size in the corresponding segment of the side wall 4, in particular in the region between the two cross members 6, as in FIG. 12 is recognizable.

By way of illustration is in FIG. 13 a semitransparent representation of a section of a plurality of, each at right angles to each other running walls with partially different wall thickness composite structure illustrated, with integrated sanitary and electrical installation in the form of fresh water pipes 52, sewer pipes 54 and each led out of the wall water connections 56, Outlet pipes 58 and electric wall boxes 60. For the corner joints special connection blocks of the type described above are used. In some cases, the blocks are configured as revision blocks 38, namely in particular in the range of corner joints and of pipe and line branches as well as opposite wall penetrations.

FIG. 14 shows a corresponding plan view of an outer wall with T-shaped connecting blocks 62 for an inner wall. In the connecting block 62, for example, a drainage pipe can branch off from a drainage pipe guided in the outer wall (not visible here).

A detailed view of a basement foundation with foundation stones 64, foundation plate 66 and attached masonry shows FIG. 15 , Good to see is also Eckbaustein 68, which emerges quasi L-shaped bend of the basic type in the area between the two cross members 6.

FIG. 16 shows a wall with window recess 70, shutter box member 72 and revision stone 38th

In FIG. 17 Finally, a section of a wall is shown, which is equipped with an insulation in the form of applied to the side walls 4 of the scarf blocks 2 insulation boards 74. In order to ensure the principle of self-alignment with simultaneous tightness, the abutting surfaces of the insulating panels 74 are preferably bevelled in mutually complementary manner.

attachment Examples of families of system blocks

Type I Wall thickness: 300 mm Shuttering Strength: 50 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 mm heights: 500 mm, 250 mm Weight: Brick 500x500 mm approx. 25 to 35 kg, corner 500x500x500 mm approx. 30 to 50 kg, 250 height approx. Half types: Brick 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiling connection, corner ceiling connection, ceiling interior connection, foundation stone, corner foundation stone, T-connection brick, connection brick 300, 160, 120, revision stone, base brick, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : about 0.17 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 240 (min 130) mm x 200 mm Vertical 250 (min 150) mm x 200 mm Type II Wall thickness: 160 mm Shuttering Strength: 30 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 mm heights: 500 mm, 250 mm Weight: Brick 500x500 mm approx. 12 to 20 kg, corner 500x500x500 mm approx. 18 to 35 kg, 250 height approx. Half types: Brick 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiling interior connection, T-connection block connection brick 300, 160, 120, inspection stone, base stone, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : approx. 0.08 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 235 (min 125) mm x 100 mm Vertical 200 mm x 100 mm Type III Wall thickness: 120 mm Shuttering Strength: 30 mm, alternatively 20 mm lengths: 500 mm, 250 mm heights: 500 mm, 250 mm Weight: Brick wall 500x500 mm approx. 11 to 19 kg, corner 500x500x500 mm approx. 17 to 34 kg, 250 height approx. Half types: Brick 500x500 mm, 500x250 mm, corner 500x500x500 mm, ceiling interior connection, T-connection brick, connection brick 300, 160, 120, inspection stone, base stone, base corner Filling quantity / m ² : about 0.04 m ³ Cavity: Horizontal 235 (min 125) mm x 60 mm Vertical 200 mm x 60 mm

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2 scarf block 62 stone connection 4 Side wall 64 foundation stone 6 crosspiece 66 foundation plate 8th vertical bump 68 Eckbaustein 10 groove 70 window recess 12 feather 72 Shutter box element 14 web 74 Insulation Board 16 deepening 18 horizontal bump a distance 20 bearing surface b distance 22 header c distance 24 centering slope d distance 26 head Start 28 drilling 30 lower edge 32 top edge 34 Horizontal shaft 36 vertical shaft 38 revision block 40 cover 42 engagement opening 44 slope 46 slope 48 eyelet 50 floor 51 Through opening 52 Fresh water pipe 54 sewage pipe 56 mains water supply 58 waste pipe 60 Electric wall socket

Claims (13)

System of scarf blocks (2), which can be layered into a masonry, wherein the respective scarf block (2) has two side walls (4), which are connected to one another via a number of transverse webs (6), as well as from the side walls (4) and having the transverse webs (6) limited, pourable with a filling compound cavities,
characterized in that
the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that in the erected masonry continuous vertical shafts (36) and continuous horizontal shafts (34) for receiving pipes and similar objects of water, sanitary, heating and / or electrical installation form, such objects with a cross-sectional dimension, in particular a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably of up to 10 cm, are receivable. The system according to claim 1, wherein the cavities are arranged and dimensioned such that pipes accommodated in the horizontal shafts (34) with a diameter of up to 5 cm, preferably up to 10 cm, to a length of up to 5 m, preferably from up to 20 m, with a gradient of at least 1%. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clear height of the respective horizontal shaft (34) is at least 20 cm. System according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the respective scarf module (2) has two cross members (6) which limit the space provided for forming a horizontal shaft (34) upwards. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the respective scarf module (2) is provided with alignment elements for self-alignment when erecting the masonry, preferably in both the vertical and in the horizontal direction. System according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the respective transverse web (6) has a relation to the upper edges of the side walls (4) projecting head portion (22) which is provided with edge-side centering bevels (24). System according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the side walls (4) of the respective Schalbausteins (2) at the top and at the bottom of horizontal abutting edges (18) over the entire side wall thickness of time flat formed, preferably horizontally oriented bearing surfaces (20) , System according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the side walls (4) of the respective Schalbausteins (2) at the end faces vertical abutting edges (8) which are provided with connecting elements according to the tongue and groove principle, in particular in the manner of a bung. A system according to claim 8, wherein a subset of springs (12) have vertically extending ridges (14) directed towards the interior of the scarf module and recesses (16) complementary to another subset of springs (12). System according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one of the scarf modules (2) is designed as a revision module (38), which can be closed by a cover element (40) engaging opening (42) in one of the side walls (4) access to the Hollow spaces inside, in particular in the crossing region of vertical shafts (36) and horizontal shafts (34), allows. System according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein in addition to formwork blocks (2), which act as basic bricks, and scarf blocks (2) from at least one of the following groups are present: foundation stone, ceiling tile, corner joint stone, T-joint stone and double T connection stone. Building erected using a system of shuttering blocks (2) according to one of claims 1 to 11. A method of constructing a structure using a system of formworks (2) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein during the laying of the formworks (2) to a masonry objects of a water, sanitary or electrical installation without making masonry slits in the forming vertical shafts (36) and horizontal shafts (34) are laid and connected, then the remaining cavities in the masonry with a filling material, in particular concrete, are shed.

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