EP0863270B1 - Set of wall elements for buildings - Google Patents

Description

a) ein kleines rechtwinkliges Element, dessen beide Schenkel außen die Länge eines Rastergrundmaßes haben;

b) ein großes rechtwinkliges Element,dessen beide Schenkel außen die Länge des doppelten Rastergrundmaßes haben;

c) ein L-förmiges Element, dessen kurzer Schenkel außen die Länge des Rastergrundmaßes und dessen langer Schenkel außen die Länge des doppelten Rastergrundmaßes hat;

d) ein spiegelbildlich L-förmiges Element, dessen kurzer Schenkel außen die Länge des Rastergrundmaßes und dessen langer Schenkel außen die Länge des doppelten Rastergrundmaßes hat.

The invention relates to a kit of storey-high wall components with grid dimensions for the construction of buildings, which has the following elements with different bases:

a) a small right-angled element, the two legs of which have the length of a basic grid dimension on the outside;

b) a large right-angled element, the two legs of which outside have the length of twice the basic grid dimension;

c) an L-shaped element whose short leg outside has the length of the basic grid dimension and whose long leg outside has the length of twice the basic grid dimension;

d) a mirror-image L-shaped element, the short leg outside the length of the basic grid size and the long leg outside the length of the double basic grid size.

Apart from skyscrapers, the walls of most houses in tedious work on the building site made of bricks and other small-format wall components. Also the Formwork work on concrete walls takes a lot of time. For individual prefabricated houses and blocks of flats are therefore using industrial working methods Floor-to-ceiling wall elements prefabricated on site be connected with each other as well as with floors and ceilings. Indeed the shape of the wall elements is based on this the respective floor plan of the floor. It will be one Variety of floor plans offered, but because of the large ones Number of different wall parts not kept in stock, so that the production of most parts only after receipt of order begins and the builder normally has a delivery time put up with several weeks or even months got to. Spontaneous subsequent changes to the floor plan during the construction phase are practically not under these circumstances more possible or with disproportionate delays and Associated costs. Also, most are pre-made Do not set up wall components without support. you therefore needs an experienced team, special ones Lifting and holding devices for assembly as well as reliable positive connection between neighboring Wall components so that they are mutually assembled support and hold up.

A kit is already known from DE 31 03 491 A1 to be used with six to eight angular wall elements, some of which are isosceles or areosceles each with single and double leg length is trained. There are also other elements with others Leg lengths so that there is no overall grid system is where the lengths of the legs are all angular Elements equal to the grid size or double the grid size are. The wall thickness is not based on the grid dimension Leg lengths matched.

DE 1 609 630 A1 is also a T-shaped element known, the flange and web, however, only very short lengths have because it only serves to make a bulkhead reliable to connect with a continuous longitudinal wall. The known T-shaped element thus only forms the corners between the two walls, but not an essential part of either both walls. In addition, it is also not suitable that Form end of a wall as its end faces for connection designed with longer wall elements for tongue and groove connections are.

The invention has for its object a kit provide the type mentioned for building walls, the differ in shape and size with very few Wall components for the design of a variety various floor plans and a simple, fast Assembly permitted.

The above object is achieved in that to the kit also a T-shaped element, the Flange and its web measured with the flange thickness Have heard, length and twice the basic grid dimension Thickness of the legs, the flange and the web each 1/5 of the basic grid dimension of 125 cm.

It has surprisingly been shown that one is a very large one Number of different floor plans alone with the angular ones mentioned Components can be realized, although at Building walls not primarily on the corners, but on thinks of different lengths of straight walls. The proposed one Kit of only five different, exclusive angular wall building elements is also not destined for previously designed floor plans with individual Putting dimensions into practice. On the contrary, the Floor plan with the five offered, if possible angular wall components are developed. You will notice that in virtually all situations under Taking into account the size and location of the property and the Client's wishes acceptable and interesting floor plans win if only the wall components mentioned are used and the thickness of the legs, the flange and of the web each 1/5 of the basic grid dimension and this 125 cm is. It is taken into account that with building dimensions Lengths that are an integral multiple of 25 cm, preferred use. So z. B. a door width of 1 m a usual Measure while z. B. narrow toilet doors a width of Have 75 cm.

The proposed wall thickness of 25 cm is a consideration based on adequate thermal insulation values for external walls can only be achieved with a multi-layer wall structure. So you can use the previously used thinking scheme thick, heat-insulating outer walls, thinner, load-bearing inner walls and come off even thinner non-load-bearing inner walls and work with a single wall thickness, on the one hand has the necessary load capacity, on the other hand to Basic grid size fits. The disadvantage of the somewhat larger loss of space by using the suggested 25 cm thick Wall components instead of thin, non-load-bearing partitions is offset by the benefits, only five to need different wall elements, the better Soundproofing between neighboring interiors and the more even support of the to be taken over the ceiling Loads.

The proposed kit allows a substantial reduction and simplify construction time and reduce the Building-costs. Only five different wall components are needed to be made. You can e.g. B. manufacturing in forms made of lightweight concrete and for basements Heavy concrete manufactured and in a certain number Camp are taken. Since cracks mostly immediately after defective wall components can occur during manufacture be sorted out before they are installed. The constant production and warehousing of the few different ones Elements allows the use more rational Manufacturing processes and a constant, high manufacturing quality. Measured by sales, those in factory and Number of pieces held by commercial warehouses and thus also the Storage costs can be kept low.

For the client, the proposed system initially has the Advantage that the required wall components are immediately available be available. Also floor plan changes, exchange and reordering wall components are without time delay and disproportionate additional costs possible. Because all elements have an angular shape and are therefore stable on their own, they can be formed after molding maintain this position in an upright position and only need to be moved at a time. Are in that upper end of the elements cast-in eyebolts or hooks made of steel helpful. They allow a simple fast transport by crane from the mold to the warehouse, on a transport vehicle and at the installation site. After The lifting eyes can be cut off when erecting the walls. With the help of the usual hoists a single man taking the prefabricated components Maintain their upright position and carry on position and align the site exactly.

At the construction site, the wall components with the foundation, the basement or floor ceiling, the one resting on them Ceiling and each of the adjacent wall components in a material fit connected by mortar or glue. To this Purpose is on the footprint where there are wall components a mortar bed should be prepared. The exactly horizontal alignment at the same level by means of supporting blocks placed underneath. In the same way a prefabricated ceiling in one on top of the wall components prepared mortar bed. In terms of Adhesive joint between adjacent wall components they are manufactured with a small undersize, so that they also in the sum of their lengths including the adhesive joints stay in grid. One is enough for the joint small undersize because of the manufacturing is accurate to the millimeter.

The proposed wall components form the corners of the bounded spaces. They end at passages, windows and doors. Lintels can be boarded together with a blanket and be poured. When using prefabricated ceilings can also be made as special components in any desired Length, also prefabricated, outside of the grid system and be provided with elbows at the ends, with which they easily on the adjacent wall components can be put on. Laying on the finished blanket is not hindered because it is in the mortar bed anyway he follows.

Just like the lintels and the correspondingly long window sills and parapets under the windows can be in the floor plan further wall parts may be present, e.g. B. round stairwells or bay windows as well as particularly long straight walls that are based on conventional Way to be built. The big one remains Get advantage that the vast majority of all Walls quickly and economically by simply setting them up fewer standard elements can be built and only Little manual work on the construction site is required to meet special requests to fulfill.

Installation lines can be in clad corners, between adjacent wall components with sufficient Intermediate distance to be set up and laid in the floor become. Even if in individual cases cable slots in the Wall components made of lightweight concrete must be chiselled the amount of work required for this is small in proportion to the saving by replacing individually bricked or shaped walls with just a crane from the beginning, to be placed at the intended position to stable standard elements.

Plastering the prefabricated wall components is also possible not necessary because it has smooth surfaces can be produced. It is enough to smooth the few narrow joints by filling. On the outside surfaces a thermal insulation layer is applied to the outer walls and on it or in front of it in a conventional manner z. B. a plaster layer, a brick wall shell, a wooden cladding or facade panels. The finished solid house makes a difference therefore not different from others after completion, conventional built solid houses.

The same construction principle with a kit of only five angular ones Wall components can, moreover, in a corresponding manner Way to manufacture prefabricated houses in the Use timber frame construction. Here are the wall components though basically easier, but it also has an advantage noticeable if only a few, always the same wall building elements need to be produced, already with the erection are stable and only in a way that prevents movement Way with the floor, adjacent wall components and need to be connected to the ceiling. Planning with the standard elements that are also available at any time offers greater freedom in the design of the floor plans than usual with prefabricated houses. As with the prefabrication of the wall components, the location of installation lines can not be considered, it recommends themselves, relatively thick cover plates on the wooden frame attached so that slots are cut into the cover plates can be after inserting the leads to be filled. Incidentally, the inventive Wall elements in wooden frame construction on the proven manufacturing techniques and the proven wall structure can be used by prefabricated houses.

Fig. 1 A, B

eine perspektivische Ansicht und die vermaßte Grundfläche eines kleinen rechtwinkligen, gleichschenkligen Wandbauelements aus Beton;

Fig. 2 A, B

entsprechende Ansichten eines großen rechtwinkligen, gleichschenkligen Wandbauelements;

Fig. 3 A, B

entsprechende Ansichten eines L-förmigen Wandbauelements;

Fig. 4 A, B

entsprechende Ansichten eines mit Bezug auf Fig. 3A, B spiegelbildlich ausgebildeten Wandbauelements;

Fig. 5 A, B

entsprechende Ansichten eines Wandbauelements mit T-förmiger Grundfläche;

Fig. 6 A, B bis 10 A, B

jeweils eine perspektivische Ansicht und die Grundfläche von Wandbauelementen in Holzrahmenbauweise, die in ihren Maßen den Wandbauelementen aus Beton nach Fig. 1A, B bis 5A, B entsprechen;

Fig. 11

eine Skizze, die den Transport und die Aufstellung von Wandbauelementen nach Fig. 1A, B bis 5A, B veranschaulicht;

Fig. 12 A, B

Grundrisse des Erdgeschosses und Obergeschosses eines mit Wandbauelementen nach Fig. 1 A, B bis 5 A, B errichteten Gebäudes.

Some embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1A, B

a perspective view and the measured area of a small right-angled, isosceles wall component made of concrete;

2A, B

corresponding views of a large right-angled, isosceles wall component;

Fig. 3 A, B

corresponding views of an L-shaped wall component;

Fig. 4 A, B

corresponding views of a wall component formed with mirror image with reference to FIGS. 3A, B;

Fig. 5 A, B

corresponding views of a wall component with a T-shaped base;

6 A, B to 10 A, B

each a perspective view and the base of wall components in wooden frame construction, the dimensions of which correspond to the wall components made of concrete according to FIGS. 1A, B to 5A, B;

Fig. 11

a sketch illustrating the transport and installation of wall components according to Figures 1A, B to 5A, B;

Fig. 12 A, B

Floor plans of the ground floor and upper floor of a building constructed with wall construction elements according to FIGS. 1A, B to 5A, B.

The wall component 10 shown in Fig. 1 A, B is a Lightweight concrete LB5 according to DIN 4232 or heavy concrete B 25 according to DIN 1045 existing prismatic body with a height of 2.63 m, i.e. H. the wall height of a floor, and the in Fig. 1 B shown isosceles at right angles Base area with an outer leg length of 1.25 m and a wall thickness of 25 cm. The wall thickness is accordingly 1/5 of the outer leg length or 1/4 of the inner leg length.

The wall component 12 shown in Fig. 2A, B has the same Height and wall thickness, but an isosceles one at right angles Base area with an outer leg length of 2.50 m.

The wall components shown in Fig. 3 A, B and 4 A, B. 14, 16 also have the stated height and wall thickness. The rectangular base each has a short leg with an outer edge length of 1.25 m and a long Legs with an outer edge length of 2.50 m. The two Wall components 14, 16 differ only in that Arrangement of the short leg relative to the long leg. 3 A, B has the base area the shape of an "L" while the footprint of the wall component 4 A, B as a mirror image L-shaped can be characterized.

The wall component 18 shown in FIG. 5 A, B also has the above height and wall thickness, but a T-shaped Base area with a flange length of 2.50 m and a bridge length of 2.25 m. If you add to the bridge length the wall thickness of the flange, you can see that the depth 5 B as well as its width 2.50 m is.

Each with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 A, B up to 5 A, B, but additionally marked with an index line 6 A, B to 10 A, B have wall components the same dimensions, but are made in wooden frame construction. The wooden frames each consist of a corner post at the apex, several vertical stands and upper and lower frame timbers. Both those related on the corner inner side surfaces as well as the outer Side surfaces are covered with cover plates, and that of the frame timbers and cover plates limited inner Cavities in the wall components are not shown Insulating material, e.g. B. mineral wool.

As shown in Fig. 11, those described above with reference to 1A, B to 11 A, B wall components described preferably stored and transported upright. through on their top eyelets 20 they can then at any time attached to a crane and in the intended Position on the floor surface, in the example 11, a basement ceiling, are discontinued Concrete wall components each on a mortar bed 22. Prefabricated lintels 24 can also be used in the same way transported on eyelets 20 and with elbows, not shown be placed on the adjacent wall components.

The floor plans of the ground floor shown in Fig. 12 A, B. and the upper floor of a family house are one Example of how to use only one according to the invention Kit, even without that shown in Fig. 5 T-shaped wall component, exterior and interior walls of one can build individually planned residential buildings. you recognizes in particular that with the basic grid dimension of 1.25 m and the selected wall thickness of 25 cm harmonious proportions are created. This is all the more amazing than the legs of all wall building elements are only two different ones Have lengths, namely either the basic grid dimension or double the length.

Claims (5)

1. A kit of storey-high wall construction elements with modules for the construction of buildings, which has the following elements with different floor areas:

   a) a small rectangular element (10,10'), the two arms of which have externally the length of a module;

   b) a large rectangular element (12,12'), the two arms of which have externally the length of double the module;

   c) an L-shaped element (14,14'), the short arm of which has externally the length of the module and the long arm of which has externally the length of double the module;

   d) a mirror-image L-shaped element (16,16'), the short arm of which has externally the length of the module and the long arm of which has externally the length of double the module,

   characterised in that the kit also comprises a T-shaped element (18,18'), the flange of which and the web of which, the latter measured over the flange thickness, have the length of double the module, and that the thickness of the arms, of the flange and of the web in each case is 1/5 of the module of 125 mm.
2. A kit according to Claim 1, characterised in that the wall construction elements (10 - 18; 10' - 18') are provided at their upper end with suspension hooks or lugs (20).
3. A kit according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wall construction elements (10 - 18; 10' - 18') have smooth side wall surfaces.
4. A kit according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the wall construction elements (10 - 18) consist of heavy or light-weight concrete.
5. A kit according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the wall construction elements (10' - 18') consist of storey-high timber frames and covering panels fastened thereon in such a way that they form a reinforcement.

Images