EP0058641A1 - Building element - Google Patents

Abstract

Essentially, the construction element is comprised of a parallelepipedic box (1) capable of being combined with similar elements to form a unit construction. It has at least a tubular passage (4, 5, 6) extending from a side wall (3) up to an opening (24, 25, 26) provided in the opposite wall (2) and opens towards the outside at both ends. The constituent material is preferably a synthetic material or a metal sheet resisting to impacts, bad weather and rotting. For the mutual clamping of the elements, the tubular passages (4, 6) are formed by steel tubes or provided with a coaxial truss or arranged into a concrete lining. Another tubular passage (5) may remain empty to be used as an installation conduit channel.

Description

The invention relates to a component which can be combined to form a structural unit with other similar elements in the manner of a modular system.

With this modular system, building structures can be put together which, depending on the design, are suitable for permanent or only for temporary use. If the use is limited in time, it is then possible to dismantle the structures after use and to rebuild them elsewhere in the same or modified arrangement.

There are limits to the efficient processing of individual bricks or bricks to form a structural unit, such as a building wall, insofar as the dimensions and weight of the bricks cannot exceed certain values so that they remain practically manageable and can be installed without special mechanical aids to have to.

On the other hand, the casting of a structural unit from concrete requires the prior construction of an often complicated formwork, which has to be dismantled again after the concrete has hardened and of which parts are often still in remain enclosed in the concrete mass and get lost.

_In addition, units made of bricks or brick or cast concrete have a considerable density, which is often not necessary, and sometimes even undesirable, because it requires an enlargement of the lower supporting structures and thus increases the cost of the structure.

In addition, such units made of bricks or brick or cast concrete in most cases still have to be specially worked on visible external surfaces, either by plastering them or by providing them with other cladding, for example from wall panels. Also, in the case of both concrete and brick buildings, in most cases disassembly can only be carried out at great expense and with destruction of the structure, and reuse of the components is rarely possible.

The purpose of the invention is to simplify, in particular to accelerate the manufacture of a removable assembly by assembling individual, relatively light components, it being possible not only to achieve a larger construction volume with roughly the same amount of work, but also to create construction units with a considerably lower density.

This is achieved by the use of components which are characterized according to the invention by a three-dimensional box with side wall panels connected at right angles to one another along their edges and with at least one from one side wall to an opening in the opposite side wall directional, tubular passage, which is open at both ends to the outside.

These tube passages can extend from one side wall plate to the opposite side wall plate and can be supported at their two ends in the side wall plates. However, they can also not be formed continuously between the two opposite side wall plates, the tube passages then being mounted in one side wall plate only at one end and ending in the opposite side wall plate in front of an opening which is profiled in accordance with the tube cross section.

In general, an impact-resistant, weather-resistant and rot-proof plastic, for example polypropylene, can serve as the production material for such a box-shaped component. This can be processed by means of plastic molding processes known per se, in particular injection molding techniques, in one work step into these relatively large-volume boxes which, depending on the size and design, can have a weight of between 4 and 10 kg.

However, it is also possible to use other suitable materials, such as aluminum or other metal sheets, for this.

Depending on the use of the components, the pipe passages can perform two functions by serving as load-bearing elements, for which they expediently consist of continuous steel pipes or formwork for a reinforced concrete column, and can also be used to lay installations. These two functions are expediently combined with one another and the components designed according to the invention with two or more Provide pipe passages, one of which is used to introduce a reinforcement and / or concrete filling, which pass through coaxial pipe passages of at least two adjacent elements. The other pipe passages can then be used to lay installations.

The pipe passages can be guided both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction of wall combinations by arranging the components either upright or lying down.

To facilitate mutual alignment when the components according to the invention are placed one on top of the other, the pipe passages can be provided with at least one pipe socket projecting at one end on the outside of the box side surface, with which they engage in the manner of a push-in socket in the open pipe passage end of an adjacent element.

Furthermore, centering strips can also be provided for this purpose, at least along the lower edges of two opposing box side walls.

Another aid for the mutual alignment of assembled components can be guide rails and ribs on at least one outer side of the box side surfaces, which engage in corresponding ribs and slots of the adjacent element when two elements are put together.

The connection of two adjacently disposed elements can lemm profile by means of elastic _K or also by means of screw depending on the anticipated load for example, by connecting the lateral walls.

It is also possible for the pipe passages, including the load-bearing concrete that will later receive reinforced concrete, to form only the end sections mounted in the box side walls in a rigid and stable manner, while the intermediate middle section is made of a thinner-walled and less stable material, for example a thin one Tin tube or a flexible plastic hose can exist. With this modification, the material costs can be reduced if necessary.

Furthermore, at least one side wall plate of the component according to the invention can be inserted interchangeably into a correspondingly designed frame and can be designed as a heat exchanger, in particular as a solar collector, which consists, for example, of a piping system or of two parallel aluminum sheets with connections for the passage of a heat transfer medium. If two side wall plates made of aluminum sheet lie opposite one another, connections which expand like trumpets can be provided for the purpose of direct heat transfer from the outside to the inside of the component.

For thermal insulation, the side wall panels of the component can also be provided with an insulating layer on an inside and / or outside of the side wall panels.

_In addition, a two- and / or three-dimensional decoration can be applied to at least one outer side of the box side surfaces, which means that subsequent processing of visible outer surfaces can be omitted.

The component designed in accordance with the invention can be manufactured in all practical sizes, particularly from the applied manufacturing technology, in particular which depends on the spray technology for plastics. The more square meters that are created using such components, the more rational the use of this procedure will naturally become, especially in comparison with the laying of individual brick or bricks.

It also eliminates the use of qualified _B aufacharbeiter such as iron layers, carpenters, Schaler, Maurer, facade painters and the like., And the scaffolding can be largely limited and the corresponding loss in rental costs and material wear are significantly reduced.

• Figur 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Bauelementes mit nicht durchgehenden Rohr durchgängen,
• Figur 2 eine Draufsicht ohne obere Seitenwandplatte,
• Figur 3 einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine andere Ausführung für einen Eckpfeiler,
• Figur 4 einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen von einer Seitenwand bis zur gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand reichenden Rohrdurchgang bei drei übereinander angeordneten Elementen sowie
• Fig. 5a und 5b einen gleichen Vertikalschnitt durch zwei abgewandelte Ausführungsformen.

In the accompanying drawings, for example, _A usführungs- and application possibilities are shown according to the invention devices formed, in which:

• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a component with non-continuous tube passages,
• FIG. 2 shows a plan view without an upper side wall panel,
• FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section through another embodiment for a corner pillar,
• Figure 4 is a vertical section through a pipe passage extending from one side wall to the opposite side wall with three elements arranged one above the other and
• 5a and 5b a same vertical section through two modified embodiments.

The basic design of the component designed according to the invention then consists of a cuboid, hollow box 1 with side wall panels arranged at right angles to one another, which in a preferred embodiment are made from an impact-resistant, weather-resistant and rot-proof plastic or from a metal sheet. In the illustrated embodiment, three tubular passages 4, 5 and 6 are provided between the upper side wall plate 2 and the lower side wall plate 3, which are open at both ends. These pipe passages do not extend continuously from the lower to the upper side wall plate. Rather, they are only supported at their lower end in the lower side wall plate 3 and end at their upper ends in front of the pipe cross section in accordance with profiled openings 24, 25, 26 in the upper side wall plate 2.

Of these three pipe passages, the two outer passages 4 and 6, which here have a round cross section, can be used to introduce reinforcement and / or concrete filling after at least two of these boxes have been arranged one above the other. The middle pipe passage 5, which here has a rectangular cross section, remains empty and can be provided for laying installations such as water and power lines, heating, riser and downpipes.

The two pipe passages 4 and 6 for receiving a reinforcement and / or concrete filling are expanded in their sleeve-like diameter at their upper section 7 and 8 and provided at their lower end with a nozzle 9 and 10 protruding from the lower side wall plate 3. When two boxes are arranged one above the other, these pipe sockets 9 and 10 engage in the upper expanded sections of the box below and prevent a mutual horizontal Shifting of the boxes against each other with simultaneous stabilization and centering as well as coaxial alignment of all neighboring pipe passages to each other.

The round pipe passages can be fastened to the side walls in a simple manner by means of pipe clamps, in particular those for receiving a reinforcement and / or concrete filling can additionally be provided with radial, triangular reinforcements 11 at their ends mounted in the side wall plates, which reinforcements can be made at the angle between the outer circumference of the pipe passage end portions and the inside of the box side surfaces in which the pipe passage ends are stored are arranged. For further mutual alignment of box elements arranged next to one another, they are provided on one vertical outer side 12 with a guide rail 13 and on the opposite outer side 14 with a rib 15, which engage two corresponding elements in corresponding ribs and slots of an adjacent element.

As already mentioned, centering strips (not shown) can also be provided along the lower edges of at least two opposing box side walls, with the result that further stabilization and mutual alignment of two adjacent components can be achieved.

The external dimensions of a component designed according to the invention expediently correspond in their dimensions to the module order in the building industry, for example the ISO standard 1791. However, they can also correspond to a multiple of a normal brick, for example by the width of the box-shaped component 24 or 11.5 or else only 7 cm bears, while its length and height are multiples of it.

In the practical application of components designed according to the invention for the production of a structural unit, for example for the erection of a wall, a first row of elements is arranged next to one another, otherwise with mutual engagement of the guide rails 13 and ribs 15. In this case, with their pipe sockets 9, 10 protruding from below, they can simply be placed on a previously prepared foundation and secured here by means of pipes anchored in the foundation. These pipe sockets either engage in the pipes countersunk in the foundation or encompass pipe sections that protrude from the foundation.

A second row of the same components is then placed on top, the self-aligning of the elements to one another and coaxial centering due to the plug-in sleeve-like engagement of their lower pipe socket in the open-ended pipe passage ends of the elements of the first row below and the simultaneous engagement of adjacent guide rails and ribs the pipe passes. After a sufficient number of components designed in accordance with the invention have been assembled in this way, these are connected to one another by placing a concrete filling, if necessary under pressure, into the pipe passages provided for this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment shown in the pipe passages 4 and 6, after a normal reinforcement, if necessary , for example a reinforcing iron that runs from top to bottom, and was centered at a greater height or length with spacers or spacers. Where the dimensions of the pipe passages the insertion of a vibrati prevented, the reinforcing bars are simply connected to the vibrator to solidify the concrete.

In the case of a standing arrangement of the components, in particular those with steel tube passages, the elements are placed side by side one after the other and temporarily held in this position by suitable devices. The final hold can then be obtained by placing a rigid, horizontal cover, for example a false ceiling or a roof panel.

The same applies in the event that the components according to the invention are themselves used to construct a horizontal roof covering or false ceiling. They can also be arranged either horizontally with pipe passages running horizontally or standing vertically with pipe passages running vertically. In a standing arrangement, direct connections with vertical pipe passages in standing components of vertical side walls are possible.

The plan view according to FIG. 2 shows how in the two pipe passages 4 and 6 the concrete filling 16 completely fills its cross section and the reinforcing iron 17 is embedded in this concrete filling in the center. Pipe passages 5, which are still provided, remain empty like the rest of the box interior and, because of their mutual coaxial alignment, form a vertical and continuous channel one above the other, which can be used for laying installations. Otherwise, reinforcement and / or concrete filling can also be introduced into these pipe passages.

In any case, the hardening of the concrete filling with the embedded reinforcement creates a firm and stable connection between the individual components with a perfectly smooth outer surface. Should it become necessary to additionally seal or smooth butt or parting lines between the components, this can be done in a simple manner by means of adhesive strips, a suitable sealing compound or by means of plug-in profiles. It can also be expedient to provide channel-shaped recesses, at least along the upper edges of two opposing box side walls, into which putty-like sealing compounds are introduced. Cover profiles are attached in a simple manner by inserting appropriately shaped ribs into the butt or parting joints and holding them there.

The cross-sectional shape of the tube passages 4 to 6, namely round and rectangular, shown in the illustrated embodiment of a component designed according to the invention, is chosen arbitrarily. In the same way, the tube passages 4 and 6 can also have a square or rectangular cross section and the central tube passage 5 can have a round cross section. However, other cross-sectional shapes, such as triangular or polygonal or elliptical, are also possible.

In the section shown in FIG. 3 through a component designed according to the invention for a corner pillar, all three pipe passages 4, 5 and 6 have the same square cross section and can optionally be provided for introducing reinforcement and / or concrete filling or for laying installations. Other pipe cross sections are of course also possible here, with steel pipe passages expediently having a round cross section.

The sections according to FIGS. 2 and 3 also show an insulating layer 18, which consist of a suitable material, such as foamed plastic, asbestos or another flame-retardant material, and are provided both on the inside and on the outside of a side wall panel, as is the case here can.

Of course, it is also possible to fill the entire interior of the component around the pipe passages with such a material. With a suitable consistency of the material, such a filling can expediently help to fix the pipe passages within the component.

The sectional view according to FIG. 4 shows how, in the case of the three components 1 ', 1 and 1 "arranged one above the other, the pipe passages 40', 40 and 40" extending from one side wall plate 2 or 2 "to the opposite side wall plate 3 or 3 ' interlock by the pipe socket 9 'at the pipe passage 40'd of the upper element 1' in the enlarged pipe section 7 from the pipe passage 40 of the middle element 1 and its pipe socket 9 in the enlarged pipe section 7 "from the pipe passage 40" of the lower element 1 ". The reinforcing bars 17 arranged in the pipe passages 40 ', 40, 40 "before the introduction of a concrete filling and, if necessary, held concentrically by means of the aforementioned spacers or spacers 19, as well as the concrete filling 16 pass vertically through all three components 1', 1, 1" and connect them stably with each other.

Here, the pipe passages 40 ', 40 and 40 "are provided at both ends with reinforcements 11', 11, 11" which have also already been mentioned. In addition, here is also one that runs at the upper edge of the lateral side wall panels of the elements 1 and 1 " Bar 20 or 20 "provided as a support for the upper side wall panel 2 or 2".

An insulating layer 18 'or 18 or 18 "is in turn arranged on the inside of one of the lateral side wall panels.

FIG. 5 shows in the same way an advantageous modification in the design of the tube passages, the upper part 5a representing one embodiment and the lower part 5b representing another embodiment and the same reference numerals denoting the same or corresponding parts.

Thereafter, the pipe passages are not continuously rigid, but only their end sections 400 and 400 'mounted in the side wall plates with the protruding pipe sockets 90' and 90 and the extended end sections 70 and 70 ", while the intermediate middle sections 41, 41 'and 41" are made of a thin-walled and less stable material. These central sections of the pipe passages also secure and guarantee the connection with the concrete filling in the top, bottom and side adjacent elements. These pipe passage middle sections are firmly connected and serve to center the other pipe sections or flexible foils that are inserted. After the components have been placed, these are simply pulled in continuously through the rigid pipe end sections which engage in the manner of a socket, as is shown in FIG. 5a for the pipe end sections 400 'and 70.

In the other embodiment according to FIG. 5b of this modification, the pipe passage middle sections 41 and 41 ", which are also made of a thin sheet metal tube or a flexible plastic tube can exist, fixedly worked on the rigid pipe end sections 400 and 70 "and extend only within the component between two pipe passage end sections on opposite side wall panels.

Through these designs, material costs and density can be saved.

As already mentioned, a further expedient modification of a component designed according to the invention, which is not shown in the drawings, is that a side wall plate is designed as a solar collector, by means of which incident solar energy can be converted into usable heat. For this purpose, this side wall plate consists in a simple manner of two parallel aluminum sheets with connections for the passage of a heat transfer medium and is inserted into a correspondingly designed frame.

For the direct transmission of heat generated by solar radiation, the side wall plate opposite the heat exchanger can also consist of an aluminum sheet, tubular connections, expediently expanding like a trumpet, being arranged between the aluminum sheets. Such a connection 21 is shown in FIG.

Also not shown is another possible embodiment of components designed according to the invention, these being provided with a decoration on at least one outer side of the side wall panels, so that subsequent processing of the outer surface of a structural unit made from these elements is unnecessary. Such decoration can, for example, from a two-dimensional application of paint or also consist of a three-dimensional relief with decorative ornaments. Such decorations can already be provided and attached during the manufacture of the components.

Claims (23)

1. Component, which can be combined with other similar elements in the manner of a modular system to form a structural unit, characterized by a three-dimensional box (1) with side wall panels (2, 3, 12, 14) interconnected at right angles along its edges and with at least one of one Side wall (3) to an opening (24, 25, 26) in the opposite side wall (2) directed tubular passage (4,5,6; 40,40 ', 40 "; 400,400'), which on both sides to the outside is open. 2. Element according to claim 1, characterized by from one side wall plate (2) to the opposite side wall plate (3) reaching passages (40, 40 ', 40 ") which are mounted at both ends in the side wall plates. 3. Element according to claim 1, characterized by a side wall plate (3) not to the opposite side wall plate (2) reaching passages (4,5,6), which are mounted at one end in a side wall plate. 4. Element according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by an impact-resistant, weather-resistant and rot-proof plastic as the production material. 5. Element according to claim 1, characterized by side wall panels (2, 3, 12, 14) made of sheet metal. 6. Element according to claim 1, characterized by tubular passages (4, 5, 6; 40, 40 ', 40 ") made of steel tubes. 7. Element according to claim 1, characterized by at least two pipe passages, one of which (4) for introducing a reinforcement (17) and / or concrete filling (16) which through coaxial pipe passages of at least two adjacent elements (1,1 ', 1st ") go through, and another (5) is provided for laying installations. 8. Element according to claims 1 and 7, characterized by pipe passages (4, 6; 40) with at least one pipe socket (9, 10) protruding at one end on the outside of the box side surface (3, 10) for insert-like engagement in the open pipe passage end (7, 8) an adjacent element. 9. Element according to claim 1, 7 or 8, characterized by tube passages, of which only the end sections (400, 70) mounted in the box side walls are rigid and stable, while the intermediate middle section (41) consists of a thinner-walled and less stable material . 10. Element according to claim 8, characterized by rigid pipe passage end portions (400 ', 70) through which a continuous flexible plastic hose (41') can be pulled. 11. Element according to claim 1 to 9, characterized by radial, triangular reinforcements (11) in the angle between the outer circumference of the tube passage end portions and the inside of the box side surfaces in which the tube passage ends are mounted. 12. Element according to claim 1, characterized by interchangeable, inserted into a correspondingly designed frame side wall panels. 13. Element according to claim 1, characterized by at least one designed as a heat exchanger, in particular a solar panel side wall plate. 14. Element according to claim 13, characterized by a side wall plate made of two parallel aluminum sheets and with connections for flowing through a heat transfer medium. 15. Element according to claim 13, characterized by a heat exchanger or solar panel opposite side wall made of aluminum sheet. 16. Element according to claim 13, characterized by two opposite side wall plates made of aluminum sheet, between which tubular, trumpet-like expanding connections (21) are arranged. 17. Element according to claim 1, characterized by centering strips at least along the lower edges of two opposing box side walls. 18. Element according to claim 1, characterized by recesses at least along the upper edges of two opposing box side walls. 19. Element according to claim 1, characterized by guide rails (13) and ribs (15) on at least one outer side of the box side surfaces, which engage in corresponding ribs and slots of the adjacent element when two elements are put together. 20. Element according to claim 7 to 10, characterized by spacers (19) between the pipe passage inner wall and the reinforcement (17). 21. Element according to claim 1, characterized by an insulating layer (18) on an inside and / or outside of the side wall panels. 22. Element according to claim 1, characterized by a foam filling of its interior around the pipe passages (4,5,6; 40, 40 ', 40 "; 400, 70, 41). 23. Element according to claim 1, characterized by a two- and / or three-dimensional decoration on at least one outside of the box side surfaces.

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