DE3016963A1 - INSERT BLOCK FOR BUILDING WALLS AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS USING SUCH BLOCKS - Google Patents

Description

33 345 p / hl Jose Coelho dos Santos, Lisbon / Portugal

Insert module for building walls and method for constructing buildings using such building blocks

The present invention relates to insert modules for building walls and a method for the construction of structures using such building blocks.

Building blocks with holes and cavities in them for the quick construction of buildings are already known. It is, however, an object of the present invention to provide building blocks which can be used at an even greater speed and it is even easier to construct a building with the aim of making it easier to build apartments yourself. Work efforts and working hours are to be reduced significantly. This also applies to internal ones Filling walls in larger buildings in connection with reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete-clad steel structures

The building blocks according to the present invention are intended for the creation of external, internal or partition walls any building. These building blocks are in principle for the complete execution of walls one-story or two-story houses or ships or parts of buildings of any kind, including structural

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Elements that are necessary to connect and consolidate them with one another.

This object is achieved by the features specified in the patent claims in conjunction with the following description solved.

With the solution according to the invention there is the possibility the creation of walls of a living room or a simple construction without the involvement of professionals or construction workers. Two normal people regardless of gender, a family unit for whom the house is intended is are sufficient. Materials and techniques are sufficient to match the artisan nature of building construction are compatible.

With the insert module according to the invention and the modifications derived from the basic module for the purpose the adaptation of the building block to the position it occupies within the construction is intended to cover all possible applications to cover that in the construction of simple structures, especially of the economic type, occur, whereby the building blocks receive a Modulnatμr, on the basis of which a solution to the task at hand is possible. For this purpose, a whole range of shapes to cover foreseeable or foreseen possibilities.

The following advantages result in connection with the inventive Building blocks:

a) Reduction of the weight of the building blocks to a minimum in order to enable them to be handled by such persons, who do not have the physical requirements to handle heavy building blocks;

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1?); the insertion areas are in saleipoe way at four. Pages, formed, that the building parts. _; at d ^ e ^. _; öJ3s ^ in ^ n0 @ 3? liäg ^ ~ rurig dfeiiseiüben with the greatest dedication ^ uptdi -jahnei --spjeizieil- :; 3ie techniques, interconnected, and; .i ^ inaaijiäj ^ ·: ge, set; zt: throw Tionhen ''''

throw | ., _: . ,,. .: oi.

c) the S ^ iiai ^ ung ^ of an insert form and ^ - a ver & indurvg ^ - the.

fe auJEHiarz.ba.sis> vQrzunjenmesi .. Dadjureii ^ irdi sojiolil ^; a ©; meGhanisGfie ^; Resistance / ^ äfoigifceit as :. axiGh ,,; If this is necessary, a ^^ wa ^ serdjichitigkeit g ^ sehstfferi>, .The Äri or interlocking of the- Ba-u &teine; may, - oiine g / ing. the ownership of the bex.lager part · two connections take place ^ Dab, ei .. will: one, iiolie prostitutes. see above .. Furthermore, the precision of the setting system allows, ail., four sides; ,, wepn, iaimer this is suitable - (»and; this forms a valuable feature · of the present invention), the; Laying in the Tock state without footable impairment of the stability and the strength of the arrangement; with economic consequences and even with greater simplicity and assembly speed; . ...

d) the creation of any desired support structure Gn. is possible - such as pillars and beams, which are integrated in the wall itself by adding reinforcement are used in cavities which are formed in the building blocks and which are superimposed on the building blocks are aligned, in which case these cavities can subsequently be poured with concrete in the case of special blocks, always with small amounts of concrete, which through Artisan process is easy to carry out f

e) there is the possibility of pipes for water, sewage and include electricity vertically;

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Direction in the through holes of the building blocks and in the horizontal direction in special channels or H building blocks. Parts of these lines can run through holes made with special drills available on the market can be trained in the building blocks.

The preferred form of an embodiment of the invention The building block has the following basic dimensions:

Length: 250 mm or 500 mm

Width: 125 mm or 250 mm

Height: 200mm

The thickness of the walls of the block is

essentially 40 mm.

Although the present invention covers different types of building blocks that are geometrically different and which are shown in the accompanying drawings, these building blocks are derived from the basic building block, the will be described in detail below.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of the FIGS Drawings purely schematically illustrated embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a typical building block according to the invention, on one of which Side a male insert area and on its opposite side a female insert area located;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the module according to FIG. 1, 3 shows a view of the module according to FIG. 1 from below,

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FIG. 4 shows a view of the module from the right , FIG. 5 shows a view of the module from the left,

Fig. 6. a perspective view of a modified embodiment of a building block according to the invention, which has female, insertion areas on each side,

FIG. 6 'shows a plan view of the module according to FIG. 6,

7 is a perspective view of a modified building block according to the invention with female insert areas on both sides of the same, "

FIG. 7 ^{1 is} a plan view of the module according to FIG. 7,

8 is a perspective view of a modified building block with a conventional insertion area on one Side and a flat surface on the other side, without any recess, being this building block is intended to act as the end block of the first tier, if desired, the side piece to form a window or a door frame,

FIG. 8 'shows a plan view of the module according to FIG. 8,

9 is a perspective view of a building block which 8 is identical to that shown in FIG. 8, but the outermost surface of which is flat and the visible surface of a window orifice Forms door frame side piece, ending in a recessed manner for insertion with the protruding end strip of the floor module, which is intended to be used in the layers that are the first layer follow in the side piece of a window or door frame,

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BATH ORIGINAL

Fig :. 9 'a DEaaS view of the ^ -BäxisteiMrgjeniäB Fig ...

Fig. TO a · peEspecti ^ iseneV .Sienfe of a building block; /,

which opposite the. in; Fig. 8 ^;; modified. - -. ..; ■ isfc, jed & efi anstalt "des: wedibüiic: ßeni EÜirrsfefez- '

cinenii ^ ig .; '&rtrirfe'eiriettC man—

Fig. T0 ⁿ a>Drauf's, airf serves the building block: q, eim & Fig; »

Fig. 1Ί5 a Persgelttiivistine: Änsictit one; softer against that ^: in: Fig; .- 9 modified i.st _f; and * instead of a'Sw-eiBüciieoa: Insert-rich: according to Fig. 9 a; u ^; .f one of the "sixths one: borrowed

Fig. Tt ^{1 is} a plan view of the in, Fig. 1.1; shown · building block v

Fig. 12 to 16 perspective views of building blocks: with insertion systems: which are identical to those are those shown in the previous figures are, however, with only two outermost strips, with a single one in the building block toch is trained,

Fig. 12 ' ^: to 16' plan views of the building blocks shown in Figs. 12 to 16,

17 to 19 perspective views of building blocks, those opposite those in Fig. 1, -10 and 11 shown Blocks are modified so that on the inside of the block a Recess is formed in order to connect or to another module there transversely to the module. insert to be able to, whereby these modules allow

1 3 Q 0 1 β / Θ Β 9 7

the intersection of walls with partitions,

Figures 17 'to 19' are top plan views of those shown in Figures 17 to 19 Building blocks,

Figures 20 and 20 'are a perspective view and a

Top view of building blocks which are modified from the building blocks shown in FIGS are, however, have recesses to insert blocks on both sides of the block to be able to, so that a separation can be made with building blocks of a wall that transversely are arranged

Figure 21 is a perspective view of a building block for use in the building process accordingly of the invention in combination with the " Building blocks, whereby this building block forms a trough with holes through which pipes and electrical cables can be led (H building block),

Figure 22 is a perspective view of a building block

of the same type as in Fig. 21, but without holes,

23 is a perspective view of a building block of the same type as in FIG. 21 or 22, but with interrupted rear side in order to create an insertion area by means of which the module can be used as a Corner block is used at the level of the last upper class,

FIGS. 24 to 26 are perspective views from opposite to FIG

in Fig. 21 to 23 modified blocks, the back of which has a lower height than the front

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BATH ORIGINAL

on the side, in order to attach structural elements and prefabricated cover and fill elements to the building block,

Figures 27 and 27 'are a perspective view and a

Top view of a corner building block, which can be used in all positions, with the exception of the last position,

28 shows a plan view of the crossing building blocks of a partition wall with an edge wall,

Figures 29 and 29 'are perspective and end views, respectively of building blocks that are able to use the ones immediately above with the building blocks which form the lintel of window or door openings, and only in the room which is from the The lintel of the opening is limited,

30 shows a schematic plan view of a first layer of building blocks for the construction of a Building,

31 is a schematic plan view of "one layer the height of the window lintels when overcoming those that occur during the creation of openings Problems

32 shows a schematic plan view of the cover layer

with the representation of the reinforcement of the circulating girders ;

33 shows a schematic perspective view with

the representation of the laying of the first and second layer of building blocks of a building structure,

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Fig. 34 is a cross section along line A-B of Fig

Fig. 33,;

35 is a perspective view showing the illustration the assembly process of a prefabricated ceiling or floor,

Fig. 36. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing how various types of Buttresses,

37 is a sectional view showing the

Procedure for executing a girder or lintel,

38 is a perspective view showing how a lintel should be made and how to attach a Building block according to FIGS. 29 and 29 ',

39 shows a schematic perspective view of the laying of water distribution lines, and

40 shows a schematic view of the laying of electrical lines.

Referring to Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings, a typical building block according to the invention is shown in various views shown. All other modified building blocks as shown in the following figures are from this one Module derived in order to meet the most varied of structural requirements in the various locations construction in connection with different parts of a building.

As can be seen from the drawings, to facilitate the description of the building block as a structure with a

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right-angled visible side 1 and a likewise right-angled rear side 1 'can be viewed, which by strips 2 are connected to each other. These strips, together with the aforementioned pages 1 and 1 ', form continuous right-angled ones Cavities 2 '"

In this embodiment of the module, three strips 2 are provided, which form two through cavities or holes 2 ¹ between them. These three strips 2 connecting the sides 1, 1 'together with the wall sections connecting them protrude from the top of the building block so as to form an upper male insert area which is obviously equidistant from the bottom edges the sides 1, 1 'is withdrawn in order to provide a corresponding female insertion area on the bottom, so that a building block can be mounted and inserted on an identical building block.

It is therefore evident that the height of this strip and the walls connecting them is exactly equal to the height of each side 1, 1 '. Therefore, according to the invention, each building block is provided with a bottom female insertion area and a top male insertion area. To facilitate insertion of these insert portions are the portions of the side surfaces 3 of the strip 2, projecting from the sides 1, 1 ^1, inclined inwardly formed. The inner sides 4 of the visible side 1 and the back 1 'are adapted to the protruding parts of the strips of the underlying building block, for which they have a corresponding inclination, as can be better seen from FIGS.

With this arrangement, perfectly matching insertion areas of the blocks are achieved on the top and bottom, so that a putting together or a nesting

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ORIGINAL BATHROOM

the .Bausteine with great simplicity is possible and also inexperienced persons can handle these blocks without special knowledge.

The is located along a horizontal direction
Intermediate strips 2 equidistant from the lateral ends of the sides 1, 1 ', with the aim of creating insertion areas along a horizontal direction with the laterally adjacent building blocks, one of the strips 2, generally the one on the left side of the building block , protrude from the vertical left side edges of these sides by means of sloping surfaces 3 'to create a female insert area with the female insert area of the building block of the sheet which adjoins on the left side. Correspondingly, the outermost strip is located on the right-hand side of the building block in a retracted position relative to the straight vertical side edges of the sides 1, 1 'in order to provide a female insertion area on this side of the building block, the inner sides of the
Visible side 1 and the rear side 1 ', which protrude over the outermost strip, correspondingly inclined surfaces 4' are provided in order to enable suitable insertion of the building block adjoining on the right of the respective layer in the male insertion area of the adjacent building block, the two insertion areas with regard to the design are coordinated. With this arrangement it is achieved with high accuracy in the horizontal direction a bilateral nesting of adjacent building blocks of a respective layer by the
inclined surfaces 3 'and 4 ^{1 of} each insertion area are given high dimensional accuracy. On the upper side of the strips 2 channels 6 are formed which, after the formation of a horizontal layer of building blocks, form a cavity for lines or electrical cables, which are thus perfectly laid without affecting the laying of the building blocks of the upper "horizontal layer" and without being disruptive in

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to lie in the Eirisetz areas.

On the visible side 1, a recess 5 is provided on two adjacent side edges of this visible side, which After the building blocks have been put into one another, a grid forms which improves the appearance of the visible side and creates a better anchoring option for a subsequent coating of the visible side, if this is desired will.

The block according to the invention enables a perfect Interlocking of building blocks on the four sides, i.e. top and bottom interlocking in the vertical direction and a lateral nesting in the horizontal direction. This preserves the building structure to be created not just excellent rigidity. In addition, the building blocks can be assembled precisely and easily possible, which can be done entirely by non-professionals. It should also be noted that with the described Arrangements a building block is obtained, its considerable lightness without impairing the strength and rigidity is achieved, making the building blocks easy to handle by people who do not have have a special physical power.

The inner walls of the cavities 2 "diverge a little in. Direction towards the lower part of the building block, as can be seen from FIG. 3. This will remove the block from the manufacturing mold when leaving the building block manufacturing machine relieved.

In Figs. 6 to 11 of the accompanying drawings, in which comparable Parts are provided with the same reference numerals, show an alternative embodiment of that described above Basic building block according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. This modified

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The module is used to adapt to different situations during the development of a building. With the first described Embodiment corresponding parts of this Embodiment are provided with the same reference numerals.

Thus, FIGS. 6 and 6 'show a module that instead of one male insertion area and a female insertion area on both sides with a female insertion area is provided.

Fig. 7 and 7 'show another embodiment of a block, which is provided, in contrast to that according to Fig. 6 and 6 ¹ with two lateral male Einsetzbereicheri.

8 and 8 ¹ show another embodiment of a building block which has a female insertion area on one side and a flat surface without a bottom recess on the other side, which is not visible in FIG. 8. This building block is intended to act as an end building block for a door or window opening within the first horizontal layer of building blocks.

Figures 9 and 9 'show a modified building block with the layers to be started above the first. It thus acts as an end module for a window or door opening. For this The purpose of the module is to have a female insert on one side, as described above. Alternatively is the module, as shown in Fig. 11 and 11 ' is provided with a male insert area which is identical to the aforementioned one. On the opposite Side is formed a flat surface 7, which in the bottom with a recess 7 'for engagement with the above Strip of floor blocks is provided. The flat surface forms the lintel of a window or door opening, of which the module is the Ehd module.

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FIGS. 10 and 10 ¹ show a lintel module as an alternative embodiment to the module shown in FIG. 8. This modified module has a male insert area on one side instead of a female one. It is designed to start an opening in the first layer of the building blocks. For this purpose, the flat surface 7 is designed without a recess.

11 and 11 'show a further lintel building block as a further alternative embodiment compared to the building block shown in FIG. It is intended to start an opening in the following positions. For this purpose, it is provided with a female insertion area (7 ') on the bottom so that this module can be placed on the upper male insertion area of the module located below. The module, however, has a male insertion area at the side instead of a female insertion area as shown in FIGS. 9, 9 '. In this way, the formation of a window or door opening is extremely easy. The first layer is started with a building block as shown in FIGS. 8 and 8 '(or 10 and 10'). This building block rests directly on the mortar bed of the tape foundation. Above this, along the vertical of this building block, there are building blocks which have a female insertion area 7 'on the bottom of the type shown in FIGS. 9, 9 ¹ (with a female insertion area on the side) or of the type shown in FIGS. 11, 11' (with a male insertion area on the side) are provided.

To enable the necessary size adjustment to the dimensions specified in the construction plan of the building to be created and for greater flexibility, so that the wall lengths to be produced are not necessarily essentially one Must be a multiple of the working length of the previously described types of blocks, blocks are according to the invention provided with only one continuous cavity, which basically differs from the previously described

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Blocks differ in that they are almost half as long and only have a continuous cavity are. Apart from these differences, these smaller building blocks contain the same insertion areas and the corresponding combinations of the four invisible insertion areas of the building block.

In Figs. 12 and 12 'there is a building block according to the invention shown with a single cavity, which on one side with a male insert area and on the other side is provided with a female insert area. This block forms the general standard block with a single cavity and derives from the building block shown in Fig. 1 and previously described by reducing its length by half and only providing a single cavity 2 '.

The building block shown in Fig. 13, 13 'forms the end "building block for the formation of the lintel of a window or door opening in the first layer laid on the wall foundation. The building block has a single cavity and is therefore derived from in Fig. 8 and 8 ¹ by reducing this module to half its length.

The building blocks shown in FIGS. 14, 14 "; 15, 15 'and 16, 16' according to the invention, as is readily apparent from the drawings, are derived from the building blocks as shown in FIGS. 9, 9 ', 10, 10' and 11, 11 '. "Therefore a detailed description is not necessary the building blocks shown in the first-mentioned figures.

Such building blocks have been described which have a construction of the walls in their decorative parts. So there remains the consideration of those building blocks that according to the invention, the connection of walls in ■ right angles or crossing walls, (in the case

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partition walls). The different types of building blocks that are basically used for this purpose according to the Invention are shown in Figs. 7-20 and 28. Figs.

Thus, in FIGS. 17, 17 'a building block is shown which can be regarded as one which is derived from the basic building block according to the invention as shown in FIG. In this building block, a recess 8 is arranged in alignment with one of the cavities 2 'on the inside 1' of the building block, which recess ends ^{laterally in two inclined surfaces 4 1.} These inclined surfaces 4 'are intended to engage with the surfaces 3' of the male insertion area of the building block, which is placed perpendicular to the first-mentioned building block in order to start a transverse partition.

The insertion area formed by the recess 8 is completely identical to the one already described laterally arranged female insert areas formed by the inclined surfaces '4'. Same way like the module shown in FIG. 1, this module has insertion areas on its four sides, as shown in FIG Fig. Can be seen.

The building block shown in FIGS. 18, 18 'differs from the preceding in that it is provided with a flat surface 7 and no bottom-side insertion area having. This block is therefore designed to allow the insertion of a partition that is closest to the Lintel facing a window or door opening. It has no female insert area on the bottom, which is on the first layer would be put on, which rests on the foundation of the wall. The following, on the vertical position of Building blocks of this type to be attached building blocks are shown in Fig.19, 19 '. For this purpose they are in the floor area provided with a female insert area 7 '. This kind

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of building blocks can, depending on the side of the floor area, on which the recess 8 and the surface 4 'for the formation of the female insertion area are located, be trained left-handed or right-handed.

If desired, with the formation of partition walls proceeding on the opposite side of the wall to which it converges (crossing walls) will be analogous the invention made use of a module, which is shown in FIGS. 20, 20 '. A detailed Description of: Fig. 20, 20 "is omitted in the light of this, what has already been stated previously in connection with these figures, or as shown in FIG. 28, if it is desirable to effect the connection of the partition to an exterior wall. .

21 and 22 show a channel or Η building block with or without cavities. These building blocks are like this from the figures can be seen, provided in the bottom area with a female insert area, which with the previously described Building blocks is completely identical, which in principle are intended to form the top layer of a wall. Included they are placed on the female insertion areas of the building blocks of the adjacent floor layer.

Because of their shape, they allow the formation of channels that can be used as a mold for concreting lintels or girders works. In this channel, as shown in FIG is, reinforcements are used. In the event of providing a crossover or performing one Support pillars, it is possible according to the invention to use a Η-brick with through holes (Fig. 21). For the formation of a lintel or a connecting beam, building blocks without through holes according to FIG. 22 are used used.

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23 and 24 show corner blocks according to the invention which are intended to be placed on the last upper layer to be attached, which follows the previously described H building blocks.

This type of building block is derived from the H building block, in which part of the inner side 1 '(approximately half) is omitted, whereby a corner pillar can be inserted if so desired. The building block is provided with two visible sides 1 and 1 ″, which run perpendicular to the side surface 1 'or parallel to it. The side surface 1 ^{1 is} the inside. Starting from the cavity created by the interruption in the side surface 1', the position of started vertically arranged building blocks, which form part of the vertical wall.

The building blocks shown in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26 are corresponding of the invention is derived from the building blocks shown in FIGS. You own that special feature that the inner surface 1 'relative to the visible surface 1 is excluded in order to insert small beams of prefabricated ceilings (for example), as shown in Fig. can be seen.

All of the remaining features of these building blocks according to FIGS. 13 through 26 are clearly understandable in light of the foregoing Description and by the representation in the other figures. All of these building blocks are included, even in the ground provided with a female insert area, which is identical to those of the modules described above.

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Figures 27 and 27 'show perspective and plan views, respectively a building block according to the invention, which in all positions used in the corners of the building structure, with the exception of the last top layer, which in general what it has already been established, through the use of the H-blocks according to FIGS. 21 to 26, the circulating girder takes up. This building block differs from the one in Fig. 18 and 18 ' Block shown in that instead of a male insertion area in the vicinity of the female insertion area 4 ", 8, 4 'a smooth surface is provided for the building block is with which the vertical position is started. On the opposite side is in the module shown in FIGS. 27, 27 ', a female insertion area. It is possible instead of a female Insertion area to provide a male insertion area and it is also possible to use the side insertion area 4 ', 8, 4' for such building blocks in contrast to the. " Representation in Fig. 27, 27 'to be arranged on the opposite side, with which the perpendicular position for the Attachment in the corners of the opposite side of the construction begins. '-;

In this case and also in the case of other modules already described, it is possible to speak of "left-handed" and "right-handed" modules, that is to say of such modules that are mutually reversed. This possibility is no longer discussed in the individual examples in order not to unnecessarily prolong the present description. Reference 4 ″ represents a transverse incision.

28 shows another type of building block according to the invention, which forms a modified construction of a partition wall. This module is derived from the module which has been described in connection with FIGS. 20, 20 ' , although the male insertion area is limited to a the sides are replaced by a smooth surface.

13001870

Finally, in Fig. 29, 29 'a module is shown, which is identical to the basic type shown in Fig. 1, but which is an alternative embodiment on the bottom has a male insert area instead of the female insert area shown in FIG. This The building block type is intended to be placed on the Η building blocks as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. You will be at used in the construction of girders of lintels from door or window openings, as shown in detail in FIG. 38 is shown.

In the light of this figure, the lintel according to the invention is made of four H-shaped building blocks, which the Formwork for inserting reinforcement and concreting. To put them together and put them together exactly to effect in a suitable manner, it is ensured that the building blocks according to Fig. 29, 29 ', which the respective, Have male insert area on the bottom, be put together, since the Η-building blocks obviously the upper male insertion area is missing, which the building blocks according to the invention generally have. As can be seen from FIG. 38 is, use is made to produce a lintel of four H-building blocks by placing four building blocks of the in Fig. 29, 29 ' can be placed on the top.

The remaining building blocks of this layer are of the type already described, which are suitable for the respective location.

On the basis of the preceding description of the various types of building blocks according to the invention, it is straightforward to use inferring the manner in which the building blocks must be attached when performing the invention Construction process.

Figure 30 of the accompanying drawings shows schematically the first layer of building blocks of a simple rectangular construction

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with some partitions.

Fig. 31 shows schematically a position at the level of the lintels with the representation of the reinforcing bars, which are a part of falls form. The Η-building blocks shown in Fig. 21 or 22 are used for the construction of these lintels made by inserting these rebars into the channel formed by the building blocks. There are those Reinforcing bars prefabricated into reinforcement cages.

32 shows a plan view of the building block at the level of the ceiling. The layer consists of the modules shown in Fig. to 26, in accordance with the adaptations determined by the type of construction. In any case the main task in this adaptation is in this location in creating a channel for introducing the reinforcement and the concrete for the circulating girder "

For example, an interesting adaptation alternative is shown in detail in FIG. According to this representation use is made for the last layer of bricks shown in Fig. 24, 25 or 26, i.e. bricks, where the inside 1 'is less than the height the visible side 1. According to the invention, this arrangement allows not only the formation of the channel for concreting of the circulating carrier, but likewise is due to the lesser Height of the inside provided a support for small carriers of a prefabricated ceiling, as this purely for example is shown in Fig. 35 in detail.

In Fig. 33 the first two layers of a corner of a building are shown in perspective in detail, namely with the schematic representation of the assembly process of the building blocks. As can be seen from the figure, the one formed by the corner building blocks according to FIGS. 27, 27 ' Cavity has the advantage that there is reinforcement for a corner pillar

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to attach.

FIG. 34 shows a cross section along the line AB of FIG. 3 3 with the representation of how the building blocks of the first layer and the second layer are laid and how the construction of a building according to the method according to the invention is started.

In general, it will be necessary to start leveling the building underground, digging trenches and to fill and to form an exact horizontal level surface in these, so that the building blocks with the greatest accuracy and uniformity to the vertical thereby imposed that they can be plugged into each other.

If the flooring has already been carried out, this will be done on this the pattern of the walls to be created or at least their axis is recorded.

Mortar is applied along this outer line, on which the first layer of building blocks is placed. This mortar is the binding agent between the first layer and the foundation, with the mortar partially inside the building block. This first layer of blocks is still embedded in the ground when the fine concrete layer (0.05 m) on the Ground is applied, as can be seen from FIG. 34.

If it is necessary to create vertical supports or pillars from reinforced concrete, these must be included from the start be designed to be integrated with the floor, although it is not necessary to apply them immediately over the entire area, whereby the arrangement of the blocks would be difficult.

The reinforcing bars can be attached one after the other by placing the required bars on top of each other will.

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The compression of the concrete poured into the cavities of the building blocks to form pillars can, for example performed by vibrating the reinforcing bars will.

Figs. 36 and 37 show the forms of construction without any limitation a formwork for girders and buttresses to carry out the essential concreting. The through the Construction of the building blocks according to the invention possible Versatility enables countless combinations, which can also be achieved by one person constructing the building, who is not a technician. In this way, easily resistant elements can be achieved, as they are purely for example 36 and 37 are shown.

39 shows a schematic, perspective view the possibilities and devices for using the building blocks according to the invention for the attachment of an interior. Water distribution network. The illustrated embodiment is only exemplary. Countless changes are possible and are obvious to those skilled in the art.

In the case of Fig. 39 use is made of the Η building blocks, the circulating girders, as described above, for embedding the horizontal branches of the utility and distribution lines to and from one Drinking water storage tank, for example in an apartment. The aligned vertical through holes of the Laying blocks can, as shown, be used to close the vertical branches of the pipe system embarrassed. In a room in which, for example, a measuring or If the display device is to be installed, an H block can be used be installed according to FIGS. 21 and 22, which forms the required box to this measuring or display device to record. It is possible to draw the same conclusions about FIG. 40. Fig. 40 shows the manner of

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Attachment of an electrical installation using the channels 6 made in the tops of the strips 2 of the previous The modules described are provided.

The building blocks according to the invention are generally made of concrete or cement mortar and sand, although it is possible to use other pourable materials which
allow easy machining.

As already stated, show the invention
Building blocks remarkable equipment features which, seen in connection with the system of the insertion areas on the four faces of the building block, allow a considerably simplified assembly and a quick laying. This poses the problem of a quick and complete execution of
Filling walls with reduced strength in self-supporting structures solved.

With the building blocks according to the invention and the construction method according to the invention, the simplicity of the construction and the speed with which they can be created are ensured. This makes it possible for non-specialists to plan and build such buildings (do-it-yourself). In addition
effort can be saved to a degree that was previously unattainable. The insertion system and the accuracy of the completion, which ensure the formation of the building blocks, allow, as has already been stated, both laying in the dry state without impairing the accuracy of the arrangement, and the use of adhesives instead of mortar. All of this leads to significant savings and an obvious simplification of installation.

The building blocks according to the invention can consist of the most varied Cast materials that are commonly used for such elements in civil engineering will.

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The preferred material, however, will be concrete with a grain size for the inert materials and cement content which material is suitable for the casting of such components with machines.

130 018/0597

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Claims (31)

33 34 5 p / hl
Jose Coelho dos Santos, Lisbon / Portugal Insert module for building walls and
Methods of constructing buildings
using such building blocks P atentanspr üc he Insert module for the construction of buildings,
characterized in that it consists of two side surfaces of rectangular shape, the one
Form the front or visible side (1) of the building block or a rear side parallel to this (1 ') that the front side along the upper longitudinal corner and along a
subsequent vertical edge a recess
forms, which interacts with the corresponding side of the building block above, and that rectangular through-cavities (2 ') are formed in side surfaces formed by transverse strips (2), the outermost
Stripes on the side faces of the building block due to their location on one side or the other male
Form deployment areas and female deployment areas,
and these strips are widely arranged relative to the side surfaces so that at the top
and male and female insertion areas are also provided on the floor, whereby male and female insertion areas or, alternatively, male and female insertion areas on the four non-visible sides 1 3001 8/0597 ta an of the block are formed. 2. Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of the strips, that protrude at the top of the front and back of the building block associated with the sections (3) of the connecting wall form a male insertion area, these sections being inclined to facilitate the insertion of the bottom female insertion areas of the adjacent building block, and in alignment with the upper part of the strips (2) extending from the front side (1 ) and the back (1 ¹ ) of the block protrude with grooves (6) are provided. 3. Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the large inner surfaces of the Building blocks protruding cavities diverge slightly from their upper edges to the base of the transverse strips, so that they are together with the inner surfaces of the Strips to form truncated pyramid sections for removing the building blocks from the manufacturing molds the molding machine to facilitate that the same large areas continue down from the bottom edges of the strips diverge in such a way that they together with the wall sections connecting them and with the inclined Surfaces of the strips (3) have a female insert area (4) form which strips (3) protrude from the front (1) and the rear (1 ¹ ) of the other, underlying building block. 4. Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the inner areas of the front and back which ^{protrude laterally over the outermost transverse strips (4 1} ) form a laterally lying female insertion area of the building block and are divergent. 13 00 18/0 697 ' ■ »■ ··,. · BATH ORIGINAL 5. Building block according to claim 1, characterized geke η η ζ eic 'h net that the side surfaces (3 ¹ ) of the outermost transverse strip, which understands and forms a male insertion area of the building block, for adaptation to the laterally lying female insertion area (4') of the laterally adjoining module are designed to be converging inclined. 6. Building block according to at least one of claims 1 'to 5, characterized in that it is provided on the top with a male insertion area (3), on the bottom with a female insertion area (4) and on both sides with female insertion areas (4 ¹ ) is (Fig. 6, 6 ¹ ). 7. Building block according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that this to a male insertion area (3) on the top, a female insertion area (4) on the bottom and both Sides male insertion areas (3 ') has (Fig. 7, 7'). 8. Building block according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a male insertion area (3) on the top, a female insertion area (4) on the bottom side, a male insertion area (3 ¹ ) or female insertion area on one side (4 ¹ ), and that the other side is designed without training with an insertion area as a flat surface (7), so that this module forms an end module for the formation of a window or door opening (Fig. 9. 9 ¹ , 11, 11 '). 130018 / 0B97 9. Block according to at least one of claims T. to 5, characterized geke η η -ζ e 1 ch .net, .that this on the top with a male insertion area (3), on one side with a male (3 ') or female (4. ¹ ) Insertion area is provided that this block is formed on the bottom and on the opposite sides without .Einsetzbereich, these sides are designed as a flat surface (7) so that. this building block; forms an end module of the first layer, which lies on the foundations to form a door or window opening (Fig. 8, 8 ', 1 0, 1 0'). 10. Building block according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that this has only two extreme stripes (2), which together with the front side (1) and the rear side (L ¹ ) of the building block forms a single passage cavity (Fig. 13, 13 ',. 14, 14', 15, 15 ', 16, 16'). 11. Building block according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the inside (1 ¹ ) / facing the visible side (1), the building block has a female insertion area (8) on one of the sides, which is the male insertion area a vertically arranged further building block of a layer to form a crossing with a vertical wall, for example a partition wall (Fig. 18, 18 ', 19, 19'). 12. Block according to claim 1.1, characterized in that g e k e η η ζ e i c h net that also on the other side of the block a laterally arranged female insertion area is provided. 13. Building block according to claim 11, characterized in that that the laterally arranged female insertion area (8) in the vicinity of the flat side surface (7) of the Block is arranged such that the latter one 130018/0597 Corner block forms that the flat side surface (7) of the block acts as a visible surface, and that the male Areas of application of the building blocks (Fig. 27, 27 ') of the vertical position in the laterally lying female insertion areas (8) are used. 14. Block for the construction of buildings, for use in connection with the blocks of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed by two vertical right-angled edges, which the front (1) and the back (1 ¹ ) of the block form that these edges are connected to each other at the bottom by a transverse strip which is at a reasonable distance from the bottom edges of the surfaces, so that a female insert area (4) is formed which can be placed on the upper male insert areas of the building block of the preceding claims that the transverse strip is provided with openings (2 ') at a point which corresponds to the through-cavities of the building blocks of the preceding claims, and that the building block is a molding for beams or lintels with continuous direction finders or grooves or channels for inserting lines or cables forms (Fig. 21). 15. Building block according to claim 14, characterized in that the transverse strip without openings or holes is formed, and that the block is a molding for support or. Falls or for providence of grooves or channels for laying lines (Fig. 22). 13001 8/0597 16. Building block according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the rear side is designed to be interrupted and thus forms an insertion area there, whereby the building block can be used as a corner building block in the last upper layer, which forms a circulating beam (Figs. 23, 24 ). 17. Building block according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that this on Instead of a female insert area, the floor has a male insert area (3) for attaching building blocks according to claim 14 or 15, if this block as a formwork for lintels of window or Door openings is used (Fig. 29, 29 ') 18. Block according to any of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the rear side (1 ¹⁾ is lower is as the front side (1), so that in the block ELEMENTS components or prefabricated ceiling fullness, steps or floor joists _r are used wherein by subsequent coating and pouring with concrete essentially a circulating beam is formed (Fig. 25, 26, 35). 19. Building block according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insertion surfaces (3, 3 ', 4, 4'j of the building block have a finish, which enables the assembly and laying of the building blocks by gluing with a synthetic resin-based adhesive, or that the building blocks can be laid in the dry state by inserting the building blocks through a suitable Coating of the surfaces can be made flat, in particular by coating with a coating material which based on fiberglass or synthetic resins. 130018/0597 "*" ■ - "-.. 307-69-6.3 20. Process for the construction of buildings, characterized in that _r · appropriate combinations of blocks corresponding to at least one of the preceding claims for the construction of walls, partitions and building structures. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that g e k e η η drawing net that after the usual processing of the subsoil of the construction site and the training of the Foundations for the walls, the first layer is made with building blocks according to claims 1 to 13, that this layer is placed on a bed of mortar so that the mortar is used to fix the building blocks in the foundation partially penetrates into the through cavities of the building blocks and that then the following layers by gluing or in the dry state to be designed in such a way that the through-cavities of the building blocks in the vertical direction align with each other (Fig. 30 to 34). 22. The method according to claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the corner pillars are produced be that as a molding, the superimposed and aligned through cavities of the outermost Areas of the corner blocks according to claim 13 used and that the buttress is made by inserting the appropriate reinforcing bars and positioned and then the channel formed by the cavities is poured with concrete (Fig. 33). 23. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the support pillars, which are not as Corner pillars are designed so that two building blocks on each wall support surface of the support pillar with on a mutually aligned female insertion areas. be laid and that then formwork planks on both Sides of the wall are placed, which the space of the support 130018/0597 limit the pillar and take up the concrete reinforcement (Fig. 36). 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that a protruding from the wall Support pillar is made by the fact that the Wall protruding. Part of the support pillar by means of formwork planks attached according to the shape of the support pillar is formed and that "in the molding so formed the support pillar is concreted. (Fig. 36). 25. The method according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that in the last layer the building blocks on which the ceiling is supported is created from building blocks according to claim 18, that the position is laid in such a way that the lowest surface of the building blocks is facing inwards, and that building blocks are in the corners according to claim 16 are used, wherein the small support and filling elements of a prefabricated ceiling or the reinforcements of a concrete slab rest on the edge of this surface, and with reinforcing bars in the channel or elongated cavity formed between the front and rear sides of the building block / for concreting a circulating girder (Fig. 35). 26. The method according to claims 20 to 25, characterized in that water distribution lines are laid in their horizontal sections in the channel, which are formed by the building blocks of the last layer - these line sections are surrounded by the concrete of the chained circular beam (Fig. 39). 27. The method according to claims 20 to 26, characterized in that the horizontal Lines branching off vertical lines are routed in vertical channels leading from the passageways 1 30D18 / 0697 of the building blocks lying one on top of the other, these channels being filled with mortar (Fig. 39). 28. The method according to claims 20 to 27, characterized in that in a space for attachment of a measuring or display device, a module according to claim 14 or 15 is inserted, which forms a suitable housing for a water flow meter (Fig. 39). 29. The method according to claims 20 to 27, characterized in that the horizontal branches of electrical installations lie in the channels formed by the through cavities (6), and which are aligned in the upper part of the strips according to claim 2, and that the vertical sections of the branches lie in the vertical channels which are formed by the through cavities of the building blocks lying one above the other (Fig. 40). 30. The method according to claims 20 to 29, characterized in that at suitable points by Drill holes to be made for cables or pipes that exit the wall and onto the installation facilities for water or electricity are set up (Fig. 39, 40). 31. The method according to claims 20 to 30, characterized in that the building blocks in the dry state be assembled that the joints are grouted with a suitable coating, in particular by coating with glass fibers and synthetic resin or by dispensing with such a joint, so that the assembled building blocks can be reused. 130018/0597