EP0515724A1 - Method and prefabricated module for the fabrication of structures and buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of a method for the fabrication of structures and buildings by the modular technique and in the case of a module prefabricated dimensionally accurately for carrying out the method, it is proposed to secure the connection of the individual modules to form a static monostructure by the modules maintaining a continuous intermediate space between precast concrete ceiling (22) and precast concrete floor (19) when the said modules are placed one on top of the other by creating a spacing in each case in the corner regions, which space is filled subsequently, depending on the progress of building, by introducing casting concrete (24) while at the same time forming a casting-concrete intermediate level, the filling with the casting concrete taking place through casting and/or inspection openings (32, 33) in the respective floor slab of the corresponding fit-on module. To create the spacing, reinforcing cages (16) which are highly accurate in height and provided with additional stiffening elements (25, 26) are drawn into the corner regions of each module. <IMAGE>

Description

State of the art

The invention is based on a method for producing structures and buildings according to the preamble of claim 1 or a module according to the preamble of claim 10.

The use of modular construction technology is known in many ways; in particular, it is also known to use them in solid concrete construction mainly in garage construction or in wall, floor and ceiling constructions.

In this context, it is also known to have individual modules that at least consist of a concrete floor slab and a concrete cover plate, which are connected to each other via vertical supports, on the basis of a steel frame, whereby the walls can then be filled out with concrete parts, but also with the use of wooden parts or through lightweight construction elements, especially for structures that are not subject to fire regulations. In such modules, the steel structure is used as an outer and, moreover, also visible frame because of its perfect dimensional accuracy, whereby, for example, eight support points are formed for each module, at which these can then be placed on top of one another. The connection of the individual modules arranged one on top of the other or next to one another can then take place with the aid of so-called “twist and lock connections”. However, a multi-storey construction based on such modules provided with a steel corset is not permitted for reasons of fire protection, for example in Germany, mainly because the steel reinforcement emerges from the outside. On the other hand, the measuring accuracy of the modules and later of the buildings made from them is based on the steel frame, which has so far been judged to be indispensable.

Furthermore, it is known with such a modular construction to insert a possibly even thin layer of casting concrete between the respective top and bottom ceilings, which, however, only serves as a horizontal leveling plane and is not able to ensure a real static bond.

Another problem with the previous modular design is that one is unable to provide different heights, since one is rigidly bound to the height of the individual module given by the steel structure, so the basic concept lacks any flexibility. Thus, it is also impossible to provide gaps between the individual modules or to use them in a suitable manner, apart from the fact that the usually hollow steel tubes used for the steel frame were not infrequently added by liquids, since a completely tight closure is difficult to manufacture and over long periods Periods of rainwater can penetrate into the exposed pipes or other materials.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method and a module for modular solid concrete construction which, on the one hand, permits the adjustment of variable heights, but on the other hand ensures that work can be carried out precisely on a height scale and with particular dimensional accuracy, on the other hand on a frame-like, possibly even completely visible steel corset can be dispensed with.

Advantages of the invention

The invention solves this problem with the characterizing features of claim 1 or the characterizing features of claim 10 and has the decisive advantage that it succeeds from the individual, quite individually prefabricated module parts in solid concrete construction to create a monostructural building, i.e. to create a uniform static connection, while maintaining perfect dimensional accuracy, which is definitely based on the inclusion of steel elements in the manufacture of the individual modules, since solid concrete alone cannot ensure such dimensional accuracy.

Another particular advantage of the present invention is that any flexibility and a corresponding wealth of variants can be achieved not only in the interior design in the horizontal plane given by juxtaposing the modules, but especially in the vertical plane, where the spacing of the individual modules can be changed with one another as desired or can be created so that a grouting concrete level is generally introduced between a respective concrete floor and a respective concrete ceiling placed thereon for horizontal bracing.

Another advantage is that there is no need for a complete frame corset in the steel structure and only the respective four corner areas, via which the base plate is connected to the ceiling plate in a module, comprise supports which, in a manner to be explained in more detail below, include contain an inner reinforcement cage made of steel or iron, which, at least vertically, forms a steel skeleton, which ensures the dimensional accuracy of the height of the respective module, i.e. the dimensionally accurate one Distance between floor and ceiling determined.

Advantageous further developments and improvements of the invention are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. The possibility of creating an installation level between the individual modules in the support area, which allows any laying of lines, cables, pipes and the like, is particularly advantageous. Like. Permitted, but on the other hand, the static monostructure is maintained in the composite of the individual modules, including the grouting concrete plane extending over the entire horizontal surface between the respective floor and ceiling for horizontal bracing. This grouting concrete level is at least in operative connection with the respective ceiling of a lower module, to which it is applied, via a corresponding connection reinforcement which extends from the beginning above this ceiling, although this grouting concrete level does not determine the distance between the individual modules in the vertical direction , but rather the prefabricated, dimensionally stable spacer baskets, which are arranged at the four corners of each module and which ensure that the individual modules fit together precisely.

The invention therefore succeeds in not only creating a monostructural static composite unit, but also at the same time, in particular for multi-storey buildings and structures of any type and in compliance with the fire police conditions, without the known steel frame construction method to ensure perfect dimensional accuracy of the building thus produced.

Further advantages are that the grouting concrete level between the ceiling and floor, even if a free installation level is provided over a larger part of its surface, statically connects the two adjacent modules, since at least in the corner areas a full spout is provided, like a plug, Anchor or dowel acts and creates the intimate bond to the respective add-on module. It is precisely in this fully poured area, which also includes filling openings in the add-on module, that the stiffening elements guaranteed by the corner supports are located, so that even if the installation level is left open, which is achieved by stilting in this support area, the static monostructure of the building is produced perfectly and may have a tendency to corrode Reinforcing elements are always fully cast and embedded.

Another particular advantage of the present invention is that the corner supports in addition to the reinforcement cage which ensures the dimensional accuracy, which can be designed in any way, special support beams, for example in the form of steel angles, steel stars or the like, in addition to the iron of the reinforcement cage contains, with the support girders as well as lattice girders in the grouting concrete ceiling (initially) protruding from the finished module. Both these separate support beams and the steel rods or tubes of the reinforcement cage themselves are welded to a respective head plate with an adjusting cone, which also has the exact distance to the respective foot plate Bore determined for the adjustment cone in the corresponding add-on module.

In this case, a further stiffening, starting from the support beam, is used specifically for the purpose of transportation, hereinafter referred to as steel swords, which are partially embedded at right angles to one another in the grouting concrete of the respective ceiling. This results in a perfect torsional stiffness, similar to a shoe box closed with a lid, while at the same time offering the possibility of designing these steel swords with holes for crane hooks for transport.

drawing

Fig. 1

nebeneinandergestellte vorgefertigte Module in Draufsicht jeweils auf eine Deckenebene und

Fig. 2

die gleiche Modulanordnung wie Fig. 1 im Vertikalschnitt;

Fig. 3

zeigt in größerem Detail wiederum im Querschnitt die Einzelheit "A" entsprechend Fig. 1 als Ausschnitt, also speziell den Übergangsbereich zwischen einem unteren Modul und einem Aufsatzmodul in einem durch eine Eckstütze gebildeten Eckbereich und

Fig. 4

zeigt den gleichen Detailausschnitt "A" wie Fig. 3 im Grundriß;

Fig. 5

zeigt eine Variante vorliegender Erfindung, die der Detaildarstellung "A" der Fig. 1 entspricht mit der Besonderheit, daß durch Aufstelzung im Eckstützbereich ein Doppelboden als Installationsebene ermöglicht ist, während die

Fig. 6

die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung zeigt, die sich durch die jeweils zusätzliche Vergußbetonebene zwischen einem unteren und einem oberen Modul für die freie Anbindung von weiteren variablen Betonfertigteilen ergibt, beispielsweise für Balkone, Terrassen u. dgl.;

Fig. 7

zeigtin perspektivischer Sicht die einfachste Ausführungsform eines Grundmoduls, bestehend aus Boden, Decke und vier Eckstützen, während die

Figuren 8 und 9

Varianten von möglichen Grundrissen darstellen, die durch Kombination von Modulen unterschiedlicher Breitenabmessungen realisiert werden können.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

Fig. 1

juxtaposed prefabricated modules in plan view each on a ceiling level and

Fig. 2

the same module arrangement as Figure 1 in vertical section.

Fig. 3

shows in greater detail again in cross section the detail "A" according to FIG. 1 as a cutout, that is to say specifically the transition area between a lower module and an add-on module in a corner area and formed by a corner support

Fig. 4

shows the same detail section "A" as Fig. 3 in plan.

Fig. 5

shows a variant of the present invention, which corresponds to the detailed representation "A" of FIG. 1 with the particularity that a raised floor is made possible as an installation level by being raised in the corner support area, while the

Fig. 6

the advantageous embodiment shows that results from the additional grouting concrete level between a lower and an upper module for the free connection of further variable precast concrete elements, for example for balconies, patios and. the like;

Fig. 7

shows in perspective the simplest embodiment of a basic module, consisting of floor, ceiling and four corner supports, while the

Figures 8 and 9

Show variants of possible floor plans that can be realized by combining modules of different width dimensions.

Description of the embodiments

The basic idea of the present invention is to design a module prefabricated in solid concrete so that a static monostructure can be achieved in compliance with fire regulations, even in multi-storey buildings, despite the combination of individual parts, which is absolutely true to size and still has a large number of degrees of freedom in each Design enables.

7 shows the simplest basic form of a basic module 10 which is open on all four sides, that is to say only consists of floor 11, ceiling 12 and four corner supports 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d, which already differs from known basic modules in this representation, that a comprehensive steel frame construction has been abandoned and a pure but dimensionally stable concrete module is created, in which only the four corner supports 13a, 13b ... by iron or steel reinforcement (spacer basket) to be explained in more detail below for a precise height dimension of the module provide, while the floor, ceiling and any side walls provided reinforcing bars in the form of reinforcements u. Like. Can contain, but not determine and specify these in terms of previous frame designs, dimensions, stability, etc.

Depending on the requirements when assembling and in combination for building construction, the module used in each case then has side walls as outer walls or partition walls. In Fig. 1 is shown in plan view, i.e. as a plan, a total of four juxtaposed modules 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, as can be seen, the basic module 10a does not have a left side wall, but has both end walls and the right side wall, during the Basic module 10b has an end wall and a side wall adjoining the basic module 10a, and the basic module 10c has only one end wall, for example, which results from the respective requirements of the apartment or rooms to be designed. In corresponding The right end module 10d is open to the adjacent basic module 10c, otherwise it is laterally closed, so that the upper end walls of the modules in the plane of the drawing can form, for example, a closed outer wall; extensions to the left and down are possible by adding additional modules.

Details in the representations of FIGS. 1 and 2 will be discussed further below; but it can be seen from Fig. 2 that in the case of stacked basic modules between the ceilings of a lower row of modules 10a ', 10b', 10c ', 10d' and the bottoms of an upper row of modules 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d one in the order of the thickness of the Other walls and ceilings, for example, grouting concrete layer 14 is provided, which extends over all ceiling panels of all modules as a static composite layer and thereby also encloses reinforcing iron 15 extending from the ceiling panels, with properties to be explained further below, which also include anchoring in the respective Ensure floor slabs of the upper row of modules, while on the outer ceiling slabs of the upper row of end modules 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d a grouting concrete layer 14 ', which also includes reinforcements 15, is arranged as a ceiling finish.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is advisable to first go into the detailed cutout representation corresponding to FIG. 3 below, which shows a possibility of training in the corner support area according to detail "A" of FIG. 1 in more detail.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that each corner support 13 of the lower basic module 10 or 13 'of the upper basic module 10' (each shown only in the detail) contains an inner reinforcement cage or spacer cage 16 which is cast in concrete and can initially be of any construction , but is designed so that it ensures absolute dimensional accuracy as a prefabricated reinforcing part, whereby the stacking of the individual modules is guaranteed to fit exactly. This contributes to the fact that the reinforcement cage 16 has a head plate 17 upwards, i.e. where it first pierces the respective module ceiling, which can be welded, for example, to protruding support parts of the reinforcement cage 16, while downwards, i.e. where the reinforcement cage is in Concrete floor is mounted, a base plate 18 is attached, preferably also welded on; the lower surface of the base plate is flush with the lower surface of the concrete floor 19.

In the preferred embodiment, the structure of the reinforcement cage is made as best shown in the illustration in FIG. 4; for example - it is understood that this numerical specification is not mandatory - four corner bars 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d are provided, which, if desired, can also be wrapped in a basket-like shape by further iron loops 21 to form the reinforcement basket, the Steel or iron corner bars running from top to bottom through each corner support 13, 13 'and, as already shown in FIG. 3, are connected at the top and bottom to the head plate 17 and foot plate 18. This reinforcement cage with head and foot plate is usefully prefabricated separately and brought to exact height accuracy, so that, as can be easily recognized, the surface of the respective head plate in conjunction with the surface of the foot plate that is usually flush with the floor concrete slab determine the height distance that a Module occupies, which then corresponds to a floor distance.

It is an essential feature of the present invention that when manufacturing the respective module, i.e. when casting the floor 19 and ceiling 22 and, if appropriate, from side walls 23, the head plate 17 with its surface and accordingly also the reinforcing basket region carrying it by a predetermined distance above the surface the respective concrete ceiling 22 protrudes; this distance then determines the thickness of the grouting concrete level, which is maintained between modules 10, 10 'stacked on top of one another and is filled by the grouting concrete, at least in this exemplary embodiment.

The basic structure on site when building the building is thus such that an upper module 10 'with its four foot plates 18 is placed on the four corner support head plates 17 of a lower module 10, with fitting and centering means ensuring precise positioning. As already mentioned above, these consist of a centering or adjusting cone 17a in each head plate 17, which extends upwards and engages in a corresponding frustoconical bore 18a of each foot plate.

Since it cannot be ruled out that the reinforcement cage with its respective top plate, which simply protrudes upwards, since it is not surrounded and stabilized in this area by the corner pillar concrete jacket, could in any case cause problems in construction until the grouting concrete level 24 is introduced, further stiffening means are provided in the area of the reinforcement cage , which consist of vertical support beams, optionally supplemented by substantially horizontal stiffening elements.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 and 4, but also 5, the support bracket consists of a solid steel bracket 25, which is introduced into the reinforcement basket 16 and, for example, if desired, with the reinforcement bars 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d before casting Concrete can still be welded. The steel angle need not penetrate the entire height of the corner support, but preferably extends downward only over a predetermined depth, as seen from the top plate 17, as can be seen, for example, from the sectional side view in FIG. 3. Due to the steel angle, which is also rigidly welded to the top plate in the upper area, the top plate is given an immovable, secure hold, especially because of the angular shape, so that any flexibility of the reinforcing bars is caught.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the stiffening effect of each steel bracket 25 in the corner support area can be further improved by arranging further stiffening elements in the direction of the side walls, that is to say at right angles to one another, on the inner or outer surfaces of the steel bracket, which have the shape of steel swords 26a, 26b can have. In a preferred embodiment, the steel swords 26a, 26b are also welded to the steel bracket 25 and, since they are pulled up to the underside of the head plate 17, are welded to the latter and project with their lower edge, as can be seen at 27, into the ceiling concrete which lies in this area above the side walls 23 of the module or is in one piece with these.

It is advisable to include parts of the reinforcement cage at the level of the ceiling, for example the steel wrap reinforcement 21, as shown at 21 ', as continuations in the ceiling concrete, as well as reinforcement steels or reinforcement bars, which are naturally found in the prefabricated ceiling and floor concrete and which are general are designated by 28 (FIG. 3) for further stiffening in the area of each steel sword 26 and to bring them into abutment and at the same time to weld them to the sword, as indicated at 29.

Disappear, as can be easily seen, All of these reinforcement parts, which in the not yet installed module are exposed to the outside at the top, i.e. part of the reinforcement cage with head plate, steel angles welded to this and to the reinforcement cage, as well as steel sword extensions extending at right angles when the grouting concrete level is introduced at the construction site in this grouting concrete level and are then completely protected and covered , so that no reinforcement parts - compared to the corset-like steel construction frame used earlier - are exposed to the outside. The same naturally applies to the respective top and bottom plates.

At this point it should also be added that the steel swords are mainly used to stiffen the transport and to hold the respective module for its transport; anyway, they are only located in the four corner areas of the ceiling structure and therefore preferably have a suitably designed eye or a bore 30, which serves to accommodate a crane hook or the like.

It has already been mentioned above that a connection reinforcement in a suitable form protrudes upward from the prefabricated concrete ceiling of each module, which is designated by 31 in FIG. 3 and is indicated as a simple triangle. In connection with the corner-side reinforced concrete columns, which in turn contain the compression or tension rods as well as the reinforcement cage, the structure of the module is very stable, even if Side walls are completely or partially recessed, whereby the angle profile bars in the head plate area - in the area of the foot plate, as mentioned above, are unnecessary - serve to ensure stability during transport, moving and lifting the modules. This stability is further improved by the fact that steel angles and the steel swords coming from them are concreted in and welded to the top plate and to one another and to the steel reinforcement of the ceiling.

Continuous, even comparatively very large openings 32, 33 in each base plate serve to introduce the grouting concrete after the respective upper module has been applied with its foot plates to the head plates of the lower module. The cast concrete is poured in through these openings, of which two different types, namely so-called inspection openings 32 and concreting openings 33, are shown in the plan view of FIG. 1, the inspection openings of course also serving for concreting. The respective inspection and concreting openings in the bottoms of the modules can be arranged in any arbitrary, that is, indiscriminately, and, as shown at 33, they can have a square larger cross section or, as shown at 32, a round smaller cross section, in any case Openings 32 are provided in the corner areas, also for precise inspection, that the corner support areas are filled with concrete as possible without cavities. So it is after placing an upper connection module through its bottom openings 32, 33 to produce the continuous Poured concrete level poured concrete, the openings are also large enough to bring appropriate (vibration) compressors into the concrete to be poured. This grouting concrete level encloses the upward projecting connection reinforcement in each ceiling and also fills, as can be easily seen, the respective concreting and inspection openings 32, 33 in the base plates of the connection module flush to the surface, which still makes a significant contribution to static stability and Realization of a monostructure of the building, nevertheless consisting of individual parts. The filled inspection and concreting openings, so to speak, form plugs that develop a stabilizing and anchoring effect, so that this also improves and favors the one-piece connection of the entire building.

In order not to allow concrete mass to flow out laterally when concreting the grouting concrete level, which, in conjunction with the lattice girders, serves as an upward-facing reinforcement for the horizontal reinforcement of the entire building, appropriate formwork can be fitted from the outside, which only needs to encompass the respective height of the grouting concrete level , or it is also possible, in the ceiling area, where it is clear from the outset that it is exterior modules, to cast an edge along with the module manufacture, which is designated in Fig. 3 with 34 and which serves as integrated formwork for the grouting concrete level .

From Fig. 3 you can clearly see how the grouting concrete level is continuous across all modules extends so that in connection with the respective connecting reinforcement 15, which is designated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5 as protruding from the ceiling lattice girder 31, there is a perfect horizontal stiffening of the building.

The invention enables further preferred configurations, which are based, for example, on the fact that the respective head plate 17 can basically be set at any height, so that it is possible, as shown in FIG. 5, in addition to the grouting concrete level 24, an installation level of any height as required to be provided by elevation in the top plate area, which is denoted by 34 in FIG. 5 and is at a distance B (in principle any distance) from the lower grouting concrete level or from the bottom surface of the base of the top module.

For this purpose, it is only necessary to raise the top plate with the reinforcing bars or round bars that support it, as well as the steel angle 25 and possibly also the steel swords used for stiffening, which can also remain below the level of the grouting concrete level. In Fig. 5 it is shown that the raised head plate 17 'carries the foot plate 18' of the top module in the same way, whereby when concreting on the construction site, for example, one can proceed in such a way that the grouting concrete level is first introduced to the predetermined height and only after it Now only in the generously dimensioned area or surroundings of the reinforced concrete corner supports, do not pour any additional grouting concrete 5, designated 35 in FIG. For this purpose, a formwork 36 is required, which can be designed, for example, as a round steel tube, such as the circle marked with reference to the detail "A" in FIG. 1, of the corner support area to be filled.

It is possible to arrange the steel pipe from the beginning, i.e. before putting on the respective add-on module, or to temporarily fasten it to connecting reinforcement that protrudes upwards, i.e. before the pouring concrete level is inserted, whereby it makes sense that this steel pipe formwork 36 in the lower part, i.e. up to the level of the grouting concrete level, has openings, openings 37 or even stilts that protrude downwards, so that the grouting concrete level can be inserted as usual without interruption, including the lower part of the reinforcement cage with steel angle and the entire area of the steel sword Positioning overlapping. After at least partial hardening, it is then easily possible to refill concrete through generously designed filling openings 38 in the corner support area of the bottom of the add-on module until it is flush with the surface of the floor and to compact it accordingly. This also results in a fully stabilized monostructure of the building, since the plug opening also comes into play again due to the full pouring of the filler opening 38 and the reinforcement with head plate and the like. Like. acts as additional concrete reinforcement. In this way, even with a pronounced modular construction of buildings, there is an installation level arranged between floor and ceiling, depending on the Desire can also be generous and the arrangement of pipes, lines, cables or other installation material is used.

Alternatively, it is also possible to retrofit the formwork 36 for complete backfilling in the corner pillar area; it only needs to be so strong that it prevents the concrete from solidifying from flowing too far until it solidifies. In the case of the floor openings for the introduction of at least the grouting concrete level, it can be carried out in such a way that larger openings serve for rapid filling and smaller openings serve for filling, whereby air can also escape from the intermediate space. It is important to ensure that casting is carried out precisely in the corner areas so that reinforcing steel, which tends to corrode, is not exposed. This can be easily mastered. With suitably designed formwork, it is also possible to carry out the grouting concrete level and the filling only in the corner support area at the same time. A further embodiment of the present invention consists in that in any case the grouting concrete level offers a problem-free possibility of inserting further precast concrete parts, for example on both sides or on one side, into the module grouting level, the one-sided insertion of the precast element in the grouting concrete level, for example in balconies and the like. Like. comes into question, while the other side can also be designed as a conventional end support (support, wall, etc.). A use for this possibility arises in the production of corridors, fixation of stairs and. Like., In Fig. 6, the possibility is shown specifically, directly into the grouting concrete level 24 to introduce a prefabricated concrete part 40 having its own reinforcement 39, which can be, for example, a balcony. This results in a separate anchor reinforcement 41 for the precast concrete, which protrudes into the grouting plane; 6, as in the other figures, the module floor is designated 19 and the module ceiling of the floor below it is designated 22. A variable floor structure 43, 44 can be realized both in the module interior 42 and on the precast concrete part, it being possible to arrange an elastic insulation strip 45 between the inserted extension 40a and the add-on module.

The excellent dimensional accuracy of the individual modules offered by the invention in connection with the extensive variety of the embodiment enables a multitude of different implementation options, for example in the form of houses, apartments, high-rise buildings and the like. Like., In Fig. 8, also using numerical information on preferred size dimensions of the individual modules is still discussed. So the length of each module is basically 6.06m, a grid dimension, which results when three widths of three modules are placed side by side with the corresponding tolerances, each of which is 2.01m wide. If a maximum width of 2.44 m is used as the basis for the basic module - this is a width that enables normal road transport without special measures - then - among others - there are, for example, those in Fig. 8 at a) and b ) shown Combinations are possible, i.e. a module width of 2.44 m with two laterally attached modules, each with a width of 1.80 m, which, including the tolerances of 1 cm, results in a width of 6.06 m and a length of 6.06 m , whereby a lower cross-placed module can still be attached. On the other hand, it is also possible to work with three modules of 2.01 m width, which in turn result in a square dimension of 6.06 m.

In this way, it is possible to implement a floor plan configuration as shown in FIG. 9, for example for an apartment, and in one of the modules a wet cell including all installations, tiles and the like is immediately produced during its manufacture. Like. Can already be built in. This then results in two juxtaposed modules with an intermediate corridor for each apartment, which can be positioned and anchored in the manner already mentioned in accordance with FIG. 6 in the area of the grouting concrete level, with outward-facing balconies 45 also being possible. If desired, however, the corridor area with the two adjacent sanitary cells 46a, 46b can be formed from an intermediate module in the apartment design.

These are only examples from which it can be seen that the concept according to the invention, in particular also the secure stiffening of the respectively prefabricated basic module, makes it possible to install the same itself even into the wet cell area, since the respective basic module is inherently torsion-free, namely through the training described in the corner support area and the building then achieves its final monostructural stability through the respective grouting concrete level.

Building dimensions in length and width are possible without limitation on the basis of the modules according to the invention, with the height, for example, of six modules, with heights between approximately 2.80 to 3.40 m. It goes without saying that all of this information is to be understood merely as an example and relates to a preferred embodiment. The basic module is then either open on four sides or can be increasingly closed in the side wall area, with openings such as windows, doors and. Like. Can be positioned in the finished part as desired.

In conclusion, it is pointed out that the claims and in particular the main claim attempts to formulate the invention without extensive knowledge of the prior art and therefore without restrictive prejudice. It is therefore reserved to consider all the features presented in the description, the claims and the drawing both individually and in any combination with one another as essential to the invention and to lay them down in the claims and to reduce the main content of the main claim.

Claims (20)

Process for the production of buildings and buildings, in particular hotels, hospitals, commercial or office buildings, residential buildings and old people's homes and the like, whereby prefabricated spatial cells are arranged next to and above one another and connected to one another in modular construction technology, characterized in that the connection of the modules ( 10, 10 '; 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d; 10a', 10b ', 10c', 10d ') to a static monostructure in that when the modules are stacked on top of each other, these form a gap between the prefabricated concrete ceiling in the corner areas ( 22) and the prefabricated concrete floor (19), which is then filled in by pouring grouting concrete while simultaneously forming a grouting concrete intermediate level (24). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grouting concrete for the production of the grouting concrete level (24) is introduced through floor openings in the respective add-on module. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when the grouting concrete level is introduced, the connecting reinforcement which is freely upward is enclosed by the ceiling of the lower module (10). Method according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that for the formation of a distance between prefabricated and stacked modules (10, 10 '; 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d; 10a', 10b ', 10c', 10d '), these only in the corner area are held at a distance by reinforcement baskets with head plate, which protrude upward above the respective prefabricated concrete ceiling and are completely enclosed by the grouting concrete ceiling when it is subsequently inserted. Method according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, in order to increase the stability of the corner support reinforcement which protrudes upwards, support beams (steel angle 25) as well as steel swords (26a, 26b) cast in the finished concrete of the ceiling are welded in some cases and are welded when the Grouting concrete level can also be enclosed by this. Method according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the distance between the ceiling of a lower module and the bottom of an add-on module by setting up the reinforcement cage device including head plate, each projecting above the precast concrete ceiling, in such a way that after installation of the grouting concrete level, a height of the free installation level between the modules, adjusted as required, is set in the vertical direction. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that to ensure the monostructural building stability, a filling with further grouting concrete is topped up only in the respective corner support area by formwork delimiting the installation level until the pouring of filling openings respectively present in the corner support floor area in order to ensure the monostructural building stability. Method according to one or more of claims 1-7, characterized in that for the production of corridors, balconies and the like. additional precast concrete parts can be inserted into the grouting concrete intermediate level in free connection. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the additional precast concrete parts are included in the grouting concrete level with their own anchor reinforcement. Custom-made module for the production of buildings and buildings, especially hotels, hospitals, commercial or office buildings, residential buildings and old people's homes u. Like., Which is connected to both laterally and above and below arranged further modules for performing the method according to one or more of claims 1-9, characterized in that without a steel skeleton to ensure the dimensional accuracy only at the four corner areas each module in height-accurate reinforced concrete supports (13; 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) are provided, which determine the module height by means of an inner reinforcement cage with an upper head plate and lower foot plate cover. Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 10, characterized in that the reinforcement cage (16) leads each module corner area out over the prefabricated concrete ceiling by a predetermined distance and is provided with an upper end head plate (17), the distance being the free height from the next adjacent one Attachment module determined, which is at least partially filled by introducing a grouting concrete intermediate level (24). Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that each reinforcement cage contains inner reinforcement bars (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d), with a corresponding reinforcement wrapping (21), the reinforcement bars with the top plate (17) are welded. Precisely manufactured module according to claim 12, characterized in that, in addition to the reinforcing bars, support bearings are provided, preferably in the form of steel angles (25) which only partially extend over the height of the module and which are also welded to at least the top plate (17). Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that in addition to the support angle, steel swords (26a, 26b) which partially protrude outwards, in particular stiffening for transport and serve as a holder, are provided, which have a head plate, support angle and / or outwards projecting partial lengths of the reinforcing bars (20a, 20b, 20c, 20d) are welded and run over a predetermined height in the prefabricated concrete of the ceiling. Dimensionally prefabricated module according to one or more of claims 10-14, characterized in that in the prefabricated concrete floor slab (19) a plurality of openings of different sizes (32, 33) are provided as concreting and / or inspection openings, through which through immediately reaching the bottom of the add-on module or the grouting concrete is introduced at a predetermined distance to form an installation level. Modularly prefabricated module according to one of claims 10-15, characterized in that steel reinforcement (lattice girder 31) introduced at least into each concrete ceiling is freely exposed to the outside via the ceiling is provided upright to achieve an intimate bond with the grouting concrete introduced depending on the construction progress, which also fills the bottom openings (32, 33) like a plug. Modularly prefabricated module according to one or more of claims 10-16, characterized in that the steel sword welded at least to the support beam (steel angle 25) has a receiving opening (30) for a crane hook and is additionally welded to reinforcing iron bars in the ceiling area which are guided obliquely upwards. Modularly prefabricated module according to one of claims 10-17, characterized in that when the top plate (17 ') is additionally erected to form an installation level (34) between the respective lower module and upward module, the reinforcing cage area which projects upwards is surrounded by a ring formwork (36). Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 18, characterized in that the ring formwork is permeable up to the level of the grouting concrete level through openings (37) or only through supporting stilts. Precisely prefabricated module according to one of claims 10-19, characterized in that prefabricated edge areas (24) are arranged at the level of the grouting concrete level as formwork for the grouting concrete to be introduced on the ceiling of each module, where this is necessary for external walls.

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