EP0234175A1 - Building set for the erection of walls - Google Patents

Building set for the erection of walls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0234175A1
EP0234175A1 EP86810092A EP86810092A EP0234175A1 EP 0234175 A1 EP0234175 A1 EP 0234175A1 EP 86810092 A EP86810092 A EP 86810092A EP 86810092 A EP86810092 A EP 86810092A EP 0234175 A1 EP0234175 A1 EP 0234175A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
dovetail
kit according
anchoring
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86810092A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0234175B1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Scheiwiller
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SCHEIWILLER, ROLF
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE8686810092T priority Critical patent/DE3664142D1/en
Priority to AT86810092T priority patent/ATE44299T1/en
Priority to EP86810092A priority patent/EP0234175B1/en
Priority to DK064487A priority patent/DK161527C/en
Priority to CA000529959A priority patent/CA1286123C/en
Publication of EP0234175A1 publication Critical patent/EP0234175A1/en
Priority to US07/220,401 priority patent/US4884378A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0234175B1 publication Critical patent/EP0234175B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0283—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features of mixed type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a kit for creating masonry, with elements that have parts of dovetail joints.
  • half-height garden retaining walls are intended.
  • Such walls are made, for example, of natural stone or slabs similar to natural stone, of sleepers such as are used in rail construction, or of concrete beams, which, however, must be reinforced in the case of excess length and therefore have relatively high production costs.
  • the laying of straight wall sections is relatively simple in itself, the anchoring of such elements is quite complex, and the cornering is often not aesthetically satisfactory and additionally complicates the anchoring of the elements.
  • the procedure for anchoring is that behind the wall, i.e. facing the ground, formwork boards must be attached and the back of such walls is concreted.
  • Components with dovetail connections are known per se, for example from FR-A-2 376 269, which describes components which have grooves all around and which can be connected to one another via a connecting element which has a spring on both sides in order to erect smooth walls in the composite .
  • these elements are not suitable for the construction of garden walls that are to be anchored.
  • the first element 1 is cuboid and has a dovetail groove 5 and a dovetail spring 6 on both sides thereof and a half dovetail groove 5a and 5b on each end, these dovetail connecting parts being evenly distributed over the length.
  • the second element 2 corresponds exactly to half of the first element and therefore has the two dovetail groove halves 5a and 5b which form the dovetail spring 6 between them.
  • the third element 3 corresponds half the second element minus the width of the element, in the present case about a third of the first element, seen from one end, and therefore has one half of the dovetail groove 5a on one side, while the other side has a shoulder 7 , the length of the depth of the groove 5 and the depth of which is somewhat greater than its length, as can be seen from FIG. 1.
  • the anchoring element 4 has an approximately square cross section and has a continuous opening 8, which in the present case is rectangular, but can also be round or otherwise. On one of the sides, the anchoring element has the spring 6A, which fits into the groove 5 or into the two half grooves 5a and 5b.
  • the other three outer sides of the anchoring element each have in the middle a longitudinal groove 9 which extends over the entire height and into which plates 10 can be placed, which can either be cladding boards if the wall is back-concreted over all or part of the length for safety reasons must be or can be used to set up a gravel bed.
  • the three elements 1, 2 and 3 each have two longitudinally arranged putty joints 11, into which a permanently elastic putty can be introduced for easier laying and better hold.
  • putty joints 11 into which a permanently elastic putty can be introduced for easier laying and better hold.
  • it does not have to be two putty joints and not necessarily continuous putty joints, but rather some depressions.
  • FIGs 2, 3 and 4 three different profiles of elements 1, 2 or 3 are recorded.
  • the dovetail spring 6 has a shoulder 12 on its upper side, so that it is not visible after filling with the soil in order to obtain a continuous straight wall when viewed from above.
  • the element 3 does not have such a shoulder, while the dovetail spring 6 in FIG. 4 has a bevel 13 at the top.
  • a cover brick 14, see FIG. 7, can be placed, which has one or two shoulders 15 on its underside in order to prevent slipping.
  • the longitudinal and vertical edges of the elements 1, 2, 3 are broken.
  • the four elements are primarily intended to be made of concrete, and it is not necessary to reinforce this concrete.
  • the entire element 1 has a length of one meter, one Width of 15 cm and an additional 5 cm for the dovetail feathers, and a height of 15 cm.
  • the other elements are correspondingly 50 and 35 cm long, while the dimension of the anchoring element, of course apart from the one side with the dovetail spring, does not play such a large role and this element can have, for example, 25 x 25 cm base area and 15 cm height, but in particular can also have a double height.
  • Such masses allow efficient production with maximum use of space, whereby unit elements can also be produced with parting lines or separate elements can be cast from the start.
  • lightweight concrete known under the trade name Lecca, is also particularly suitable, as well as other known materials, of course, with different colors or with treated or untreated surfaces.
  • Figure 5 shows the wall piece between two anchors
  • Figure 6 shows the anchoring with the anchoring elements.
  • 5 shows the concrete foundation 16 erected in the ground 15, on which some layers of the elements 1, 2 or 3 are built.
  • the elements are layered on top of each other with a permanently elastic putty, this putty already holding the elements in the correct position.
  • the anchoring elements are suspended at intervals of 50 cm or one meter, with vertical reinforcements 17, see FIG. 6, being placed in the openings of the anchoring elements after two layers.
  • vertical reinforcements 17, see FIG. 6 being placed in the openings of the anchoring elements after two layers.
  • the anchoring elements it is expedient to offset the anchoring elements by half a height in relation to the beam elements, in order thereby to achieve a better bond.
  • the entire wall can be checked and aligned again before the openings in the anchoring elements are filled with concrete.
  • good drainage is very important.
  • the present elements are ideally suited for this, since the rear side is not smooth due to the design with grooves and tongues and thus offers space for sufficient water drainage.
  • the rear of the elements is expediently lined with geotextile fleece 18 or the like, drainage material 19 and / or a gravel bed 20 is built on the underside and a customary drainage pipe 21 is laid, after which the wall can be backfilled with soil.
  • FIG. 7 it can be seen that a corner can be formed both on the outside, on the left in FIG. 7, and on the inside in FIG. Due to the chosen grid dimension, especially at the corners of approximately 35 cm plus 15 cm width, the whole wall can be anchored comfortably by the anchoring elements.
  • FIG. 7 also shows that the anchoring elements, built on top of one another, can also form a column, which can be used, for example, for anchoring a flagpole or for lighting.
  • anchoring elements can also be pulled up along an entire wall or a part thereof, and plates or the like can be placed between them in order to form a fence on which plants or shrubs, for example, can climb up.
  • the end can be formed by means of end plates 14.
  • the anchoring element 4 can also be used as a corner or design element, in which case, for example, the whole element 1 shown is displaced to the rear and lies behind the thickening of the dovetail spring 6A, while the beam element running on the left, for example can form an angle such that its lower edge engages in the lower corner of the left longitudinal groove 9 of the connecting element, or can lie in line with the first beam element. This also results in a composite effect between the beam elements and the anchoring element.
  • a better anchorage can be provided on slopes with a particular risk of slipping, for example by using two anchoring elements lying one behind the other, which also include Reinforcing bars are connected to each other horizontally.
  • the beam elements can also be connected to one another in such a way that the dovetail springs 6 and grooves 5 engage in one another and thus form a double row, with the visible side facing outwards.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Abstract

A structural assembly is used for producing walls. The assembly includes a plurality of structural elements, each element having at least one surface defining at least a portion of a dovetail joint. A first one of the elements is parallelepiped in shape and includes a first longitudinal side, the longitudinal side defining a half dovetail groove at each of its ends. The first element also includes a centrally disposed full dovetail groove and a full dovetail tongue separating the full groove from each half-groove. A second element of the assembly corresponds to one half of the first element. A securing element is also provided which includes at least one side defining a dovetail tongue member corresponding to the full groove in the first element. The securing element also includes an aperture extending therethrough. The structural assembly can be manufactured very economically on conventional machines and permits garden walls and the like to be easily produced and also to be secured firmly in position.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Bausatz zur Erstellung von Mauerwerken, mit Elementen, die Teile von Schwalbenschwanzverbindungen aufweisen. Dabei ist in erster Linie an halbhohe Gartenstützmauern gedacht. Sol­che Mauern werden beispielsweise aus Naturstein oder na­tursteinähnlichen Platten, aus Schwellen, wie sie beim Schienenbau verwendet werden, oder aus Betonbalken her­gestellt, die jedoch bei Ueberlänge armiert sein müssen und daher relativ hohe Herstellungskosten aufweisen. Während das Verlegen von geraden Mauerstücken an sich relativ einfach ist, ist die Verankerung von solchen Elementen recht aufwendig, und das Eckenbilden ist oft ästhetisch nicht befriedigend und erschwert zudem zu­sätzlich die Verankerung der Elemente. In der Regel wird für die Verankerung so vorgegangen, das hinter der Mau­er, d.h. dem Erdreich zugewandt, Schalungsbretter ange­bracht werden müssen und die Hinterseite solcher Mauern betoniert wird. Bei der Verwendung von Holzschwellen kann die Verankerung auch durch quergelegte Schwellen vorgenommen werden, doch erschwert dies den Aufbau einer solchen Mauer, abgesehen vom Aussehen solcher, in der Regel alten Eisenbahnschwellen, die nicht in jede Land­schaft passen. Erschwerend kommt noch beim Verankern von Stein- oder Betonmauern hinzu, dass solche Mauern in der Regel teilweise, während dem Aufbau verschalt und mit­tels Beton verankert werden müssen.The present invention relates to a kit for creating masonry, with elements that have parts of dovetail joints. Primarily, half-height garden retaining walls are intended. Such walls are made, for example, of natural stone or slabs similar to natural stone, of sleepers such as are used in rail construction, or of concrete beams, which, however, must be reinforced in the case of excess length and therefore have relatively high production costs. While the laying of straight wall sections is relatively simple in itself, the anchoring of such elements is quite complex, and the cornering is often not aesthetically satisfactory and additionally complicates the anchoring of the elements. As a rule, the procedure for anchoring is that behind the wall, i.e. facing the ground, formwork boards must be attached and the back of such walls is concreted. If wooden sleepers are used, they can also be anchored by means of transverse sleepers, but this complicates the construction of such a wall, apart from the appearance of such, usually old, railway sleepers that do not fit into every landscape. To make matters worse when anchoring stone or concrete walls, such walls usually have to be partially boarded during construction and anchored using concrete.

Bauelemente mit Schwalbenschwanzverbindungen sind an sich bekannt, so beispielsweise aus der FR-A-2 376 269, die Bauelemente beschreibt, die ringsherum Nuten aufwei­sen und die über ein Verbindungselement, das beidseitig eine Feder aufweist miteinander verbindbar sind, um glatte Wände im Verbund zu errichten. Diese Elemente eignen sich jedoch nicht zum Errichten von Gartenmauern, die verankert werden sollen.Components with dovetail connections are known per se, for example from FR-A-2 376 269, which describes components which have grooves all around and which can be connected to one another via a connecting element which has a spring on both sides in order to erect smooth walls in the composite . However, these elements are not suitable for the construction of garden walls that are to be anchored.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Bausatz zur Errichtung von Mauern, insbesondere Garten­mauern anzugeben, der einerseits leicht und rationnel herstellbar ist und andererseits eine bequeme Errichtung sowie eine gute und einfache Verankerung ermöglicht so­wie ein gefälliges Aeusseres aufweist. Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem in den Patentansprüchen beschriebenen Bau­satz gelöst.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a kit for erecting walls, in particular garden walls, which on the one hand is easy and rational to manufacture and on the other hand enables easy erection and good and simple anchoring and has a pleasing exterior. This object is achieved with the kit described in the claims.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt in Draufsicht einen Teil einer mit dem Bausatz errichteten Mauer,
  • Figuren 2, 3 und 4 zeigen im Schnitt drei Ausführungsva­rianten von Elementen des Bausatzes,
  • Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen zwei Schnitte der Mauer von Figur 1, und
  • Figur 7 zeigt in einer Seitenansicht eine weitere, mit dem Bausatz errichtete Mauer.
The invention is explained below with reference to a drawing of exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of part of a wall erected with the kit,
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show in section three design variants of elements of the kit,
  • Figures 5 and 6 show two sections of the wall of Figure 1, and
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of another wall built with the kit.

Man erkennt in Figur 1 vier zum Bausatz gehörende Ele­mente: das erste Element 1, das zweite Element 2, das dritte Element 3 sowie das Verankerungselement 4. Das erste, ganze Element 1 ist quaderförmig und weist an einer Längsseite in der Mitte eine Schwalbenschwanznut 5 und beidseitig davon je eine Schwalbenschwanzfeder 6 sowie an beiden Enden je eine halbe Schwalbenschwanznut 5a und 5b auf, wobei diese Schwalbenschwanzverbindungs­teile gleichmässig über die Länge verteilt sind. Das zweite Element 2 entspricht genau der Hälfte des ersten Elementes und weist daher die beiden Schwalbenschwanz­nuthälften 5a und 5b auf, die die Schwalbenschwanzfeder 6 zwischen sich bilden. Das dritte Element 3 entspricht dem halben, zweiten Element abzüglich der Breite des Elementes, in vorliegendem Fall etwa einem Drittel des ersten Elementes, von einem Ende aus gesehen, und weist daher die eine Hälfte der Schwalbenschwanznut 5a auf der einen Seite auf, während die andere Seite einen Absatz 7 aufweist, dessen Länge der Tiefe der Nut 5 und dessen Tiefe etwas grösser als seine Länge ist, wie aus Figur 1 hervorgeht. Das Verankerungselement 4 weist einen etwa quadratischen Querschnitt auf und besitzt eine durchge­hende Oeffnung 8, die in vorliegendem Fall rechteckig ist, aber auch rund oder sonstwie gestaltet sein kann. Auf einer der Seiten weist das Verankerungselement die Feder 6A auf, die in die Nut 5 bzw. in die beiden halben Nuten 5a und 5b passt. Die anderen drei Aussenseiten des Verankerungselementes weisen je in der Mitte eine über die ganze Höhe sich erstreckende Längsnut 9 auf, in die Platten 10 gestellt werden können, die entweder Verscha­lungsbretter sein können, falls die Mauer aus Sicher­heitsgründen über die ganze oder einen Teil der Länge hinterbetoniert werden muss oder zur Einrichtung eines Kiesbettes dienen können.One can see four elements belonging to the kit in FIG. 1: the first element 1, the second element 2, the third element 3 and the anchoring element 4. The first, entire element 1 is cuboid and has a dovetail groove 5 and a dovetail spring 6 on both sides thereof and a half dovetail groove 5a and 5b on each end, these dovetail connecting parts being evenly distributed over the length. The second element 2 corresponds exactly to half of the first element and therefore has the two dovetail groove halves 5a and 5b which form the dovetail spring 6 between them. The third element 3 corresponds half the second element minus the width of the element, in the present case about a third of the first element, seen from one end, and therefore has one half of the dovetail groove 5a on one side, while the other side has a shoulder 7 , the length of the depth of the groove 5 and the depth of which is somewhat greater than its length, as can be seen from FIG. 1. The anchoring element 4 has an approximately square cross section and has a continuous opening 8, which in the present case is rectangular, but can also be round or otherwise. On one of the sides, the anchoring element has the spring 6A, which fits into the groove 5 or into the two half grooves 5a and 5b. The other three outer sides of the anchoring element each have in the middle a longitudinal groove 9 which extends over the entire height and into which plates 10 can be placed, which can either be cladding boards if the wall is back-concreted over all or part of the length for safety reasons must be or can be used to set up a gravel bed.

Auf ihrer nach oben liegenden Seite weisen die drei Ele­mente 1, 2 und 3 je zwei längsangeordnete Kittfugen 11 auf, in die zwecks leichterer Verlegung und besseren Halt ein dauerelastischer Kitt eingebracht werden kann. Selbstverständlich müssen es nicht zwei Kittfugen und auch nicht notwendigerweise durchgehende Kittfugen sein, sondern irgendwelche Vertiefungen.On their upward side, the three elements 1, 2 and 3 each have two longitudinally arranged putty joints 11, into which a permanently elastic putty can be introduced for easier laying and better hold. Of course, it does not have to be two putty joints and not necessarily continuous putty joints, but rather some depressions.

In den Figuren 2, 3 und 4 sind drei verschiedene Profile der Elemente 1, 2 oder 3 aufgezeichnet. In Figur 2, dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel, ist dargestellt, dass die Schwalbenschwanzfeder 6 an ihrer Oberseite einen Absatz 12 aufweist, damit diese nach dem Auffüllen mit dem Erdreich nicht sichtbar ist, um von oben gesehen eine durchgehende gerade Mauer zu erhalten. Das Element gemäss Figur 3 weist keinen solchen Absatz auf, während die Schwalbenschwanzfeder 6 in Figur 4 oben eine Ab­schrägung 13 aufweist. Falls eine Mauer mit den Ele­menten gemäss Figur 3 erstellt wird und ein gerader Abschluss erwünscht ist, kann ein Deckstein 14, siehe Figur 7, aufgelegt werden, der an seiner Unterseite eine oder zwei Schultern 15 aufweist, um ein Verrutschen zu verhindern. Um das gefällige Aussehen zu erhöhen, sind die Längs- und vertikalen Kanten der Elemente 1, 2, 3 gebrochen.In Figures 2, 3 and 4 three different profiles of elements 1, 2 or 3 are recorded. In Figure 2, the preferred embodiment, it is shown that the dovetail spring 6 has a shoulder 12 on its upper side, so that it is not visible after filling with the soil in order to obtain a continuous straight wall when viewed from above. The element 3 does not have such a shoulder, while the dovetail spring 6 in FIG. 4 has a bevel 13 at the top. If a wall is created with the elements according to FIG. 3 and a straight end is desired, a cover brick 14, see FIG. 7, can be placed, which has one or two shoulders 15 on its underside in order to prevent slipping. To increase the pleasing appearance, the longitudinal and vertical edges of the elements 1, 2, 3 are broken.

Die vier Elemente sind in erster Linie vorgesehen, aus Beton hergestellt zu werden, wobei es nicht notwendig ist, diesen Beton zu armieren. Um einerseits eine mög­lichst rationelle Herstellung mittels herkömmlichen Vorrichtungen zu ermöglichen und andererseits handliche, von einem, allenfalls zwei Arbeitern gut zu tragende Elemente zu erhalten, und um zudem ein hohes Mass an Flexibilität vorzusehen, weist das ganze Element 1 eine Länge von einem Meter, eine Breite von 15 cm und zusätz­lich 5 cm für die Schwalbenschwanzfedern, und eine Höhe von 15 cm auf. Die anderen Elemente sind entsprechend 50 und 35 cm lang, während die Dimension des Verankerungs­elementes, natürlich abgesehen von der einen Seite mit der Schwalbenschwanzfeder, keine so grosse Rolle spielt und dieses Element beispielsweise 25 x 25 cm Grundfläche und 15 cm Höhe haben kann, aber insbesondere auch eine doppelte Höhe aufweisen kann. Solche Masse erlauben eine rationelle Herstellung unter maximaler Platzausnutzung, wobei auch Einheitselemente mit Trennfugen hergestellt werden können oder von Anfang an getrennte Elemente ge­gossen werden können. Ausser normalem Beton kommt insbe­sondere auch Leichtbeton, unter dem Handelsnamen Lecca bekannt, in Frage, sowie selbstverständlich auch andere bekannte Materialien, mit verschiedenen Färbungen oder mit behandelten oder nichtbehandelten Oberflächen.The four elements are primarily intended to be made of concrete, and it is not necessary to reinforce this concrete. In order on the one hand to enable the most efficient production possible using conventional devices and on the other hand to obtain manageable elements that can be carried easily by one or possibly two workers, and to provide a high degree of flexibility, the entire element 1 has a length of one meter, one Width of 15 cm and an additional 5 cm for the dovetail feathers, and a height of 15 cm. The other elements are correspondingly 50 and 35 cm long, while the dimension of the anchoring element, of course apart from the one side with the dovetail spring, does not play such a large role and this element can have, for example, 25 x 25 cm base area and 15 cm height, but in particular can also have a double height. Such masses allow efficient production with maximum use of space, whereby unit elements can also be produced with parting lines or separate elements can be cast from the start. In addition to normal concrete, lightweight concrete, known under the trade name Lecca, is also particularly suitable, as well as other known materials, of course, with different colors or with treated or untreated surfaces.

Im folgenden wird das Errichten einer hinterfüllten Gar­tenmauer anhand der Figuren 1 und insbesondere 5 und 6 erläutert. Figur 5 zeigt das Mauerstück zwischen zwei Verankerungen, während Figur 6 die Verankerung mit den Verankerungselementen darstellt. Man erkennt in Figur 5 das im Erdreich 15 errichtete Betonfundament 16, auf welchem einige Lagen der Elemente 1, 2 oder 3 aufgebaut sind. Dabei werden die Elemente mit einem dauerelasti­schen Kitt aufeinandergeschichtet, wobei dieser Kitt die Elemente bereits in der richtigen Lage festhält. Gleich­zeitig mit dem Aufbau der Balkenlagen werden in Abstän­den von 50 cm oder einem Meter die Verankerungselemente eingehängt, wobei nach zwei Lagen Vertikalarmierungen 17, siehe Figur 6, in die Oeffnungen der Verankerungs­elemente gesetzt werden. Wie insbesondere aus Figur 6 hervorgeht, ist es zweckmässig, die Verankerungselemente gegenüber den Balkenelementen um eine halbe Höhe zu ver­setzen, um dadurch einen besseren Verbund zu erzielen. Nach dem Errichten der gesamten Mauer sowie dem Einhän­gen der Verankerungselemente und dem Einführen der Ver­tikalarmierungen, kann die ganze Mauer noch einmal kon­trolliert und ausgerichtet werden, bevor die Oeffnungen der Verankerungselemente mit Beton ausgefüllt werden. Bei solchen, mit Erdreich zu hinterfüllenden Mauern ist eine gute Drainagemöglichkeit sehr wichtig. Die vorlie­genden Elemente eignen sich vorzüglich dafür, da die Hinterseite infolge der Ausgestaltung mit Nuten und Federn nicht glatt ist und somit Platz für einen genü­genden Wasserablauf bieten. Zweckmässigerweise wird die Hinterseite der Elemente mit Geotextil-Vlies 18 oder dergleichen ausgekleidet, auf der Unterseite Drainagema­terial 19 und/oder ein Kiesbett 20 errichtet sowie eine übliche Drainageröhre 21 gelegt, wonach die Mauer mit Erdreich hinterfüllt werden kann.In the following, the construction of a backfilled garden wall is explained with reference to FIGS. Figure 5 shows the wall piece between two anchors, while Figure 6 shows the anchoring with the anchoring elements. 5 shows the concrete foundation 16 erected in the ground 15, on which some layers of the elements 1, 2 or 3 are built. The elements are layered on top of each other with a permanently elastic putty, this putty already holding the elements in the correct position. Simultaneously with the construction of the beam layers, the anchoring elements are suspended at intervals of 50 cm or one meter, with vertical reinforcements 17, see FIG. 6, being placed in the openings of the anchoring elements after two layers. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 6, it is expedient to offset the anchoring elements by half a height in relation to the beam elements, in order thereby to achieve a better bond. After the entire wall has been erected and the anchoring elements have been hung in and vertical reinforcements have been inserted, the entire wall can be checked and aligned again before the openings in the anchoring elements are filled with concrete. With such walls to be backfilled with soil, good drainage is very important. The present elements are ideally suited for this, since the rear side is not smooth due to the design with grooves and tongues and thus offers space for sufficient water drainage. The rear of the elements is expediently lined with geotextile fleece 18 or the like, drainage material 19 and / or a gravel bed 20 is built on the underside and a customary drainage pipe 21 is laid, after which the wall can be backfilled with soil.

Obwohl im wesentlichen nur zwei Elemente 1 und 2 sowie ein hauptsächlich für die Eckenbildung verwendetes Ele­ ment 3 vorhanden sind, ergibt sich daraus eine Fülle von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, wobei auch das Verankerungs­element zur eigentlichen und sichtbaren Mauerbildung herbeigezogen werden kann. So erkennt man in Figur 7 beispielsweise, dass eine Ecke sowohl nach aussen, in Figur 7 links, als auch nach innen, in Figur 7 rechts, gebildet werden kann, wobei in beiden Fällen eine Ecke mit sauberem Abschluss entsteht. Infolge dem gewählten Rastermass, insbesondere bei den Ecken von ungefähr 35 cm plus 15 cm Breite, kann die ganze Mauer bequem durch die Verankerungselemente verankert werden. In Figur 7 ist zudem noch gezeigt, dass die Verankerungs­elemente, aufeinander gebaut, auch eine Säule bilden können, die beispielsweise für das Verankern eines Fahnenmastes oder für eine Beleuchtung dienen können. Selbstverständlich können auch längs einer ganzen Mauer oder einem Teilstück davon Verankerungselemente hochge­zogen werden, und es können dazwischen Platten oder der­gleichen gelegt werden, um einen Zaun zu bilden, an dem sich beispielsweise Pflanzen oder Sträucher hochranken können. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann der Abschluss mittels Abschlussplatten 14 gebildet werden. Wie aus Figur 1 er­sichtlich ist, kann das Verankerungselement 4 auch als Eck- oder Gestaltungselement verwendet werden, wobei dann z.B. das ganz gezeichnete ganze Element 1 nach hin­ten versetzt wird und hinter die Verdickung der Schwal­benschwanzfeder 6A zu liegen kommt, während das links fortlaufende Balkenelement z.B. einen Winkel bilden kann, derart, dass seine untere Kante in die untere Ecke der linken Längsnut 9 des Verbindungselementes greift, oder in Linie mit dem ersten Balkenelemente liegen kann. Dadurch ergibt sich auch hier eine Verbundwirkung zwi­schen den Balkenelementen und dem Verankerungselement. Es ist selbstverständlich, dass man bei Hängen mit be­sonderer Rutschgefahr eine bessere Verankerung vorsehen kann, indem beispielsweise zwei hintereinanderliegende Verankerungselemente verwendet werden, die zudem mit Armierungseisen miteinander horizontal verbunden sind. Wie ferner Figur 1 zu entnehmen ist, können die Balken­elemente auch derart miteinander verbunden werden, dass die Schwalbenschwanzfedern 6 und -Nuten 5 ineinander­greifen und so eine doppelte Reihe mit jeweils nach aus­sen weisender Sichtseite entsteht.Although essentially only two elements 1 and 2 as well as an Ele used mainly for corner formation ment 3 are available, this results in a plethora of possible applications, whereby the anchoring element can also be used for the actual and visible wall formation. For example, in FIG. 7 it can be seen that a corner can be formed both on the outside, on the left in FIG. 7, and on the inside in FIG. Due to the chosen grid dimension, especially at the corners of approximately 35 cm plus 15 cm width, the whole wall can be anchored comfortably by the anchoring elements. FIG. 7 also shows that the anchoring elements, built on top of one another, can also form a column, which can be used, for example, for anchoring a flagpole or for lighting. Of course, anchoring elements can also be pulled up along an entire wall or a part thereof, and plates or the like can be placed between them in order to form a fence on which plants or shrubs, for example, can climb up. As already mentioned, the end can be formed by means of end plates 14. As can be seen from Figure 1, the anchoring element 4 can also be used as a corner or design element, in which case, for example, the whole element 1 shown is displaced to the rear and lies behind the thickening of the dovetail spring 6A, while the beam element running on the left, for example can form an angle such that its lower edge engages in the lower corner of the left longitudinal groove 9 of the connecting element, or can lie in line with the first beam element. This also results in a composite effect between the beam elements and the anchoring element. It goes without saying that a better anchorage can be provided on slopes with a particular risk of slipping, for example by using two anchoring elements lying one behind the other, which also include Reinforcing bars are connected to each other horizontally. As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the beam elements can also be connected to one another in such a way that the dovetail springs 6 and grooves 5 engage in one another and thus form a double row, with the visible side facing outwards.

Claims (10)

1. Bausatz zur Erstellung von Mauerwerken, mit Elemen­ten, die Teile von Schwalbeschwanzverbindungen auf­weisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er enthält ein erstes, quaderförmiges Element (1), das auf einer Längsseite, gleichmässig verteilt und von beiden En­den aus gesehen, eine halbe Schwalbenschwanznut (5a, 5b), dann eine ganze Schwalbenschwanzfeder (6) und, in der Mitte, eine ganze Schwalbenschwnznut (5) auf­weist, ein zweites Element (2), das, in Längsrich­tung gesehen, der Hälfte des ersten Elementes (1) entspricht, und ein Verankerungselement (4), das auf mindestens einer Seiner seiten eine der Schwalben­schwanznut (5) des ersten Elementes (1) entspre­chende Schwalbenschwanzfeder (6A) sowie eine durch­genden Oeffnung (8) aufweist.1. Kit for creating masonry, with elements that have parts of dovetail connections, characterized in that it contains a first, cuboid element (1), which is evenly distributed on one long side and seen from both ends, half a dovetail groove ( 5a, 5b), then a whole dovetail tongue (6) and, in the middle, a whole dovetail groove (5), a second element (2) which, viewed in the longitudinal direction, corresponds to half of the first element (1), and an anchoring element (4) which has on at least one of its sides a dovetail tongue (6A) corresponding to the dovetail groove (5) of the first element (1) and a continuous opening (8). 2. Bausatz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ferner ein drittes Element (3) aufweist, das in Längsrichtung und von einem Ende aus gesehen, dem zweiten Element (2) abzüglich seiner Breite ent­spricht und zusätzlich einen Absatz (7) an dem der halben Schwalbenschwanznut (5a) entgegengesetzten Ende aufweist.2. Kit according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a third element (3) which, seen in the longitudinal direction and from one end, corresponds to the second element (2) minus its width and additionally a shoulder (7) on the has half the dovetail groove (5a) opposite end. 3. Bausatz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass das erste, zweite und dritte Element (1, 2, 3) an seiner oben zu liegenden Seite mindestens eine Vertiefung (11) zur Aufnahme einer Kittmasse aufweist.3. Kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first, second and third element (1, 2, 3) has on its upper side at least one recess (11) for receiving a putty. 4. Bausatz nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elemente (1, 2, 3) je zwei durchgehende Kittfugen (11) aufweisen.4. Kit according to claim 3, characterized in that the elements (1, 2, 3) each have two continuous cement joints (11). 5. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verankerungselement (4) auf den Seiten, die keine Schwalbenschwanzfedern aufweisen, eine durchgehende Nut (9) zur Aufnahme von Platten (10) oder Stangen aufweist.5. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the anchoring element (4) has a continuous groove (9) on the sides which do not have dovetail springs for receiving plates (10) or rods. 6. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Element (1) eine Länge von 100 cm, eine Breite von 15 cm mit einer zusätzlichen Breite der Schwalbenschwanzfedern von 5 cm und eine Höhe von 15 cm aufweist, und aus Beton oder Leichtbeton gefertigt ist.6. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first element (1) has a length of 100 cm, a width of 15 cm with an additional width of the dovetail springs of 5 cm and a height of 15 cm, and is made of concrete or lightweight concrete. 7. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwalbenschwanzfedern (6) der drei Elemente (1, 2, 3) oben einen Absatz (12) oder eine Abschrägung (13) aufweisen.7. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the dovetail springs (6) of the three elements (1, 2, 3) have a shoulder (12) or a bevel (13) above. 8. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorderen Längskanten und die senkrechten Kanten der drei Elemente (1, 2, 3) angefast sind.8. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the front longitudinal edges and the vertical edges of the three elements (1, 2, 3) are chamfered. 9. Bausatz nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ferner eine Deckplatte (14) mit mindestens einer unterhalb angebrachten Schulter (15) enthält.9. Kit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a cover plate (14) with at least one shoulder (15) attached below. 10. Verwendung des Bausatzes nach Anspruch 1 und 2 zur Errichtung einer Stützmauer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf einem Betonfundament (16) eine erste Lage der Elemente (1, 2, gegebenenfalls 3) gelegt, in deren Kittfugen (11) eine dauerelastische Kittmasse eingebracht und darauf eine zweite Lage der Elemente gelegt wird, woraufhin Verankerungselemente (4) ein­gehängt werden, derart, dass sie um eine halbe Ele­menthöhe versetzt sind, und in die Verankerungsele­mente Vertikalarmierungen (17) eingeführt werden und nach dem Aufbau der Mauer und vor der Hinterfüllung mit Erdreich die Oeffnungen (8) der Verankerungsele­mente mit Beton gefüllt werden, sowie ein Vlies (18) und ein Drainagerohr (21) angebracht werden.10. Use of the kit according to claim 1 and 2 for erecting a retaining wall, characterized in that a first layer of the elements (1, 2, optionally 3) is placed on a concrete foundation (16), in the cement joints (11) introduced a permanently elastic cement compound and a second layer of the elements is placed thereon, whereupon anchoring elements (4) are hung in such a way that they are offset by half an element height, and vertical reinforcements (17) are introduced into the anchoring elements and After building the wall and before backfilling with soil, the openings (8) of the anchoring elements are filled with concrete, and a fleece (18) and a drainage pipe (21) are attached.
EP86810092A 1986-02-21 1986-02-21 Building set for the erection of walls Expired EP0234175B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8686810092T DE3664142D1 (en) 1986-02-21 1986-02-21 Building set for the erection of walls
AT86810092T ATE44299T1 (en) 1986-02-21 1986-02-21 KIT TO CREATE MASONRY.
EP86810092A EP0234175B1 (en) 1986-02-21 1986-02-21 Building set for the erection of walls
DK064487A DK161527C (en) 1986-02-21 1987-02-09 CONSTRUCTION AND PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS
CA000529959A CA1286123C (en) 1986-02-21 1987-02-18 Structural assembly for producing walls
US07/220,401 US4884378A (en) 1986-02-21 1988-07-18 Structural assembly for producing walls

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86810092A EP0234175B1 (en) 1986-02-21 1986-02-21 Building set for the erection of walls

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EP0234175A1 true EP0234175A1 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0234175B1 EP0234175B1 (en) 1989-06-28

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US (1) US4884378A (en)
EP (1) EP0234175B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE44299T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1286123C (en)
DE (1) DE3664142D1 (en)
DK (1) DK161527C (en)

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US5474405A (en) * 1993-03-31 1995-12-12 Societe Civile Des Brevets Henri C. Vidal Low elevation wall construction
AUPR688701A0 (en) * 2001-08-08 2001-08-30 Tierney, Allen Richard Modular post system and method of construction
US6811357B1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-11-02 Konrad Haug Retaining wall assembly
US6745537B1 (en) 2002-08-27 2004-06-08 Roderick Bruce Hamilton Modular wall or fence construction system
US7124754B2 (en) 2004-08-06 2006-10-24 Custom Precast & Masonry, Inc. Method and device for creating a decorative block feature
US7849656B2 (en) * 2008-04-18 2010-12-14 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Dry cast block arrangement and methods
US20100303555A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 Allan John Herse Concrete block for wall, walls having such blocks, and methods
US8341907B1 (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-01-01 Gourley Mervin D Structurally reinforced modular buildings
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK161527B (en) 1991-07-15
DK161527C (en) 1992-01-13
ATE44299T1 (en) 1989-07-15
DK64487D0 (en) 1987-02-09
EP0234175B1 (en) 1989-06-28
CA1286123C (en) 1991-07-16
DK64487A (en) 1987-08-22
DE3664142D1 (en) 1989-08-03
US4884378A (en) 1989-12-05

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