EP0319465A1 - Set of concrete wall stones for constructing a day-stacked wall - Google Patents

Set of concrete wall stones for constructing a day-stacked wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0319465A1
EP0319465A1 EP88810770A EP88810770A EP0319465A1 EP 0319465 A1 EP0319465 A1 EP 0319465A1 EP 88810770 A EP88810770 A EP 88810770A EP 88810770 A EP88810770 A EP 88810770A EP 0319465 A1 EP0319465 A1 EP 0319465A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stone
stones
anchoring
dovetail
area
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EP88810770A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0319465B1 (en
Inventor
Willi Ruckstuhl
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0232—Undercut connections, e.g. using undercut tongues and grooves
    • E04B2002/0234—Angular dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0252—Dovetail keys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brick set made of concrete for creating a dry wall.
  • a dry wall it is important to move the bricks in such a way that a single- or double-sided wall can be built without connecting compound between the stones, for example mortar.
  • embankments it is desirable to anchor a dry wall in the interior of the actual embankment slope so that it can serve to secure the embankment.
  • the possibility of planting the wall is desirable in many cases.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a brick set with which a dry wall can be created in a simple manner which fulfills the above-mentioned wishes.
  • a brick set made of concrete is used to create a dry wall proposed, which is characterized by front stones, anchoring and connecting stones, each front stone being provided with a structured front side and having at least one dovetail-shaped projection on its rear side, each anchoring stone in plan is a rectangle with a dovetail-shaped projection formed on each longitudinal side, and each connecting stone consists of two dovetail-shaped halves molded together with their narrow sides, the dovetail-shaped projections of all stones being of the same dimension.
  • a brick set with the characterizing features of the third claim allows planting the dry wall created with it.
  • the recesses in which the dovetails engage are just as important as these themselves. Only when there is a joint between the front stone and the anchoring or connecting stone, there is a butt joint between the masonry stones. The dovetail of the anchoring stone should always take two adjacent stones together. This enables the butt joint to be stabilized.
  • the front stone 1 of the brick set according to the invention consists of a front exposed stone area 9 with a natural stone structured front 4 of width B, to which a stone area 10 with a smooth, flat surface adjoins at the rear.
  • the Stone area 10 has at least one dovetail-shaped projection 5 on the back for anchoring the front stone in additional anchoring stones or in corresponding, corresponding wall stones.
  • Rectangular cutouts 16 are provided on both side surfaces of the stone area 10.
  • a second front stone of the brick set has, as shown in Figure 2, 1.5 times the width B of the base stone and its dovetail-shaped projection 5 'is widened by 50% and arranged asymmetrically. This makes it possible to make the structure of the stone structure more flexible.
  • Figure 3 shows a brick with double the width 2B.
  • Two dovetail-shaped projections 5 are provided symmetrically on the back, which form a dovetail-shaped intermediate space 17.
  • Figure 4 shows all three types of stones of the brick set according to the invention in a perspective, exploded view.
  • Two front stones 1 are shown above.
  • Typical of these front stones 1 are the natural stone areas 9, 9 which are structured like natural stones whose front 4 to which stone areas 9 the stone areas 10 connect with a slightly raised surface.
  • the cutouts 16 can be seen laterally on the stone areas 10.
  • the dovetail-shaped projections 5 are formed on the rear sides.
  • An anchoring stone 2 is shown under the two front stones 1. This is essentially constructed from a rectangular cuboid 6, with dovetail-shaped projections 7 being formed on the two longitudinal sides of the cuboid 6, which correspond to the gaps between those 5 on the front stones 1.
  • the anchoring stone 2 shown has half the height of a front stone 1. This also applies to the connecting stone 3 shown below. This is made up of two dovetail-shaped halves 8 which are dimensioned identically to the projections 5, 7 on the front 1 and anchoring stones 2.
  • FIG. 5 which shows a plan view of a double-sided dry stone wall with front stones according to the invention
  • several front stones 1 according to the invention are shown mutually interlocked with their dovetail-shaped projections 5.
  • the dovetail-shaped projections 5 on the back of the front stones 1 thus enable a clean, non-positive connection of the opposing front stones 1, even if they are somewhat distant from one another, that is to say arranged to form joints.
  • This type of wall gives the smallest depth, which corresponds to the wall thickness.
  • the closure can be done by a special closure element 18, which can also be used as a cover element for a horizontal wall edge.
  • connecting blocks 3 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces, whereby the wall thickness is slightly increased.
  • anchoring stones 2 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces.
  • the wall thickness is therefore somewhat larger.
  • anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 can also be used in combination, even several rows of them.
  • the wall thickness can be varied as required.
  • the recesses on the butt sides of the stones 1 allow all kinds of small animals to crawl into the wall.
  • FIG. 8 shows the principle of a possible anchoring of a single-sided wall on a slope, the dovetail-shaped projections and the front and 1 anchoring stones 2 being spaced apart, that is to say forming joints are arranged.
  • the recesses into which the dovetail-shaped protrusions 5 engage are just as important as the protrusions themselves.
  • the surface area of a dovetail-shaped protrusion 5 corresponds exactly to that of the intermediate space 17 that is created when two stones are laid with a good butt joint.
  • the stone with the width 1.5 B is the width of the dovetail-shaped projection 3 'the larger one Distance is adjusted.
  • the distance between the dovetail-shaped projections is normally 1/2 B from the stone edge.
  • FIG. 9 shows one possible embodiment of a prefabricated wall element, in which the bricks are filled in at the factory with a rear concrete layer 19 and are thereby held together.
  • FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of a wall constructed with the brick set according to the invention. It can be seen that for anchoring in the ground in six different levels, anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 for firmly anchoring the wall in Soil are laid.
  • the closure can take place by a cover element 20, which can additionally be used as a closure element 18 according to FIG. 5.
  • the depth of this statically stressed wall can be adapted to the computational requirements by using several anchoring stones 2 and connecting stones 3 in succession as anchor stones.
  • a particularly attractive front stone of a brick set according to the invention is shown in perspective from the front in FIG. 11. Its viewing stone area 11 is very slightly swept towards its front. But not only is the front side slightly arrow-shaped, but also the rear side 21, which is slightly offset from the stone area 12, is very slightly arrowed in the opposite direction. These sweepings bring advantages in terms of both construction and aesthetics.
  • stones shaped in this way can be placed on top of each other offset by half a stone width, the front of the upper stone finding a stop on the rear 21 of the stone region 11 of the lower stone.
  • the stones lie flat against each other. If a curve is described with the wall, at least a linear abutment is guaranteed, regardless of whether the wall front is convex or is concavely curved. This is the constructive advantage.
  • the front of the finished wall is further loosened optically by the sweeping of the already structured front of the brick, because different front main surface directions have been created. Especially with curved wall fronts, this sweep contributes to a natural appearance because there is no regularity that is too obvious.
  • the brick shown here also has a container for planting or greening the finished wall. The brick has a continuous recess, so that it essentially forms a box-shaped frame 15.
  • FIG. 12 shows, a rounded bottom edge 13 is formed in the box 15 following the stone area 11. This runs out into a tongue 14, beyond which the recess is then continuous. Furthermore, the frame 15 is slightly bulged in the viewing stone area 11. If such bricks are stacked on top of each other offset by half their width, openings are created between two rows of stones, from which plants inserted into the containers can grow out, in order to later completely cover the front of the wall if necessary.
  • FIG. 13 shows a slope wall created in this way in a section.
  • Each container formed is filled with soil, as shown here using an example.
  • the tongue 14 ensures that the soil in the front area of the container does not slide down.
  • the front stone shown also has dovetail-shaped projections 5 on its back and recesses 16 are again provided on the side.
  • the entire embankment wall is secured in the slope itself by means of anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3.
  • This brick set allows mortarless construction of single or double-sided dry stone walls of various depths.
  • the anchoring system is particularly suitable for tying back an embankment wall, which optimally secures the embankment itself.
  • the brick set according to the invention is also ideally suited for creating straight, convex or concave curved embankment walls.

Abstract

The set of concrete wall stones consists of front (1), anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3). The front stones (1) have a textured front side similar to natural stone and dovetailed projections (5) are integrally formed on their rear side. <??>They are inserted in irregular alternation at a basic width B and also at widths 1.5B and 2B. Another type of front stone is box-shaped and therefore permits planting. The anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3) form distance elements with dovetailed projections (7, 8) opposite one another of the same dimensions as the projections (5) of the front stones. By keying of the front stones (1) with these anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3), double-crowned dry walls of various thickness can be erected on the one hand, and retaining walls which can be secured in the slope by re-linking can be erected on the other hand. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mauerstein-Satz aus Beton zur Erstellung einer Trockenmauer. Beim Aufbau einer Trocken­mauer kommt es darauf an, die Mauersteine so zu versetzen, dass eine ein- oder doppelhäuptige Mauer ohne Verbindungs­masse zwischen den Steinen, beispielsweise Mörtel, aufge­baut werden kann.The invention relates to a brick set made of concrete for creating a dry wall. When building a dry wall, it is important to move the bricks in such a way that a single- or double-sided wall can be built without connecting compound between the stones, for example mortar.

Zum Anlegen von Böschungen ist es wünschbar, eine Trocken­mauer im Innern des eigentlichen Böschungshanges zu veran­kern, so dass sie zur Sicherung der Böschung dienen kann. Ausserdem ist die Möglichkeit einer Bepflanzung der Mauer in vielen Fällen wünschbar.To create embankments, it is desirable to anchor a dry wall in the interior of the actual embankment slope so that it can serve to secure the embankment. In addition, the possibility of planting the wall is desirable in many cases.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zu­grunde, einen Mauerstein-Satz zu schaffen, mit dem in einfacher Weise eine Trockenmauer erstellt werden kann, welche die obengenannte Wünsche erfüllt.The present invention is therefore based on the object of creating a brick set with which a dry wall can be created in a simple manner which fulfills the above-mentioned wishes.

Zur Lösung der entsprechenden technischen Aufgabe wird ein Mauerstein-Satz aus Beton zur Erstellung einer Trockenmauer vorgeschlagen, der gekennzeichnet ist durch Frontsteine, Verankerungs- und Verbindungssteine, wobei jeder Frontstein mit einer strukturierten Frontseite versehen ist und auf seiner Rückseite mindestens einen im Grundriss gesehen schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprung aufweist, jeder Veranke­rungsstein im Grundriss ein Rechteck mit an jeder Längs­seite angeformtem schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprung ist, und jeder Verbindungsstein aus zwei mit ihrer Schmalseite aneinandergeformten, schwalbenschwanzförmigen Hälften be­steht, wobei die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge aller Steine gleicher Dimension sind. Ein Mauerstein-Satz mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des 3. Patentanspruches gestattet das Bepflanzen der mit ihm erstellten Trockenmauer.To solve the corresponding technical problem, a brick set made of concrete is used to create a dry wall proposed, which is characterized by front stones, anchoring and connecting stones, each front stone being provided with a structured front side and having at least one dovetail-shaped projection on its rear side, each anchoring stone in plan is a rectangle with a dovetail-shaped projection formed on each longitudinal side, and each connecting stone consists of two dovetail-shaped halves molded together with their narrow sides, the dovetail-shaped projections of all stones being of the same dimension. A brick set with the characterizing features of the third claim allows planting the dry wall created with it.

Die Aussparungen, in die die Schwalbenschwänze eingreifen, sind ebenso wichtig wie diese selbst. Erst wenn eine Fuge zwischen dem Frontstein und dem Verankerungs- beziehungs­weise Verbindungsstein entstanden ist, entsteht auch eine Stossfuge zwischen den Mauersteinen. Der Schwalbenschwanz des Verankerungssteines soll dabei immer zwei benachbarte Steine miteinander ergreifen. Dadurch ist eine Stabilisie­rung der Stossfuge möglich.The recesses in which the dovetails engage are just as important as these themselves. Only when there is a joint between the front stone and the anchoring or connecting stone, there is a butt joint between the masonry stones. The dovetail of the anchoring stone should always take two adjacent stones together. This enables the butt joint to be stabilized.

Anhand der Zeichnungen soll am Beispiel bevorzugter Ausfüh­rungsformen der Mauerstein-Satz gemäss der Erfindung näher erläutert werden.Based on the drawings, the brick set according to the invention will be explained in more detail using the example of preferred embodiments.

In den Zeichnungen zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf einen Frontstein der Breite B eines Mauerstein-Satzes gemäss der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2 zeigt einen Frontstein der Breite 1,5 B;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt einen Frontstein der Breite 2B;
  • Fig. 4 zeigt eine perspektivische, auseinandergezogene Ansicht zweier Frontsteine, eines Verankerungs­steines und eines Verbindungssteines;
  • Fig. 5 zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen aufgebaute, doppel­häuptige Trockenmauer in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 6 zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen und Verbindungssteinen aufgebaute doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer in Drauf­sicht;
  • Fig. 7 zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen und Verankerungsstei­nen aufgebaute doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 8 zeigt eine einhäuptige Trockenmauer mit Veran­kerungssteinen in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 9 zeigt ein Mauerelement aus Frontsteinen mit Hinterbeton;
  • Fig. 10 zeigt eine Schnittansicht einer fertig erstellten Mauer als statisch beanspruchte Stützmauer zur Sicherung einer Böschung;
  • Fig. 11 zeigt einen Frontstein mit Bepflanzungsbehältnis in Perspektive von vorne;
  • Fig. 12 zeigt einen Frontstein mit Bepflanzungsbehältnis in Perspektive von hinten;
  • Fig. 13 zeigt eine gesicherte Böschung mit einer Trocken­mauer aus bepflanzbaren Frontsteinen im Schnitt.
In the drawings:
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a front brick of width B of a brick set according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a front stone of width 1.5 B;
  • Fig. 3 shows a front stone of width 2B;
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective, exploded view of two front stones, an anchoring stone and a connecting stone;
  • Fig. 5 shows a front wall, double-sided dry stone wall in plan view;
  • Fig. 6 shows a double-sided dry stone wall built up with front stones and connecting stones in plan view;
  • Fig. 7 shows a double-sided dry stone wall built up with front stones and anchoring stones in plan view;
  • Fig. 8 shows a one-sided drywall with anchoring stones in plan view;
  • Fig. 9 shows a wall element made of front stones with back concrete;
  • Fig. 10 shows a sectional view of a finished wall as a statically stressed retaining wall for securing an embankment;
  • 11 shows a front stone with a planting container in perspective from the front;
  • Fig. 12 shows a front stone with planting container in perspective from behind;
  • Fig. 13 shows a secured slope with a dry wall made of plantable front stones in section.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, besteht der Frontstein 1 des Mauerstein-Satzes gemäss der Erfindung aus einem vorde­ren Sicht-Steinbereich 9 mit natursteinstrukturierter Front 4 der Breite B, an den sich nach hinten ein Steinbereich 10 mit einer glatten, ebenen Oberfläche anschliesst. Der Steinbereich 10 weist an der Rückseite mindestens einen schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprung 5 auf zur Verankerung des Frontsteines in zusätzlichen Verankerungssteinen oder in entsprechenden, korrespondierenden Mauersteinen. An bei­den Seitenflächen des Steinbereiches 10 sind rechteck­förmige Aussparungen 16 vorhanden. Diese äusseren Ausspa­rungen 16 an den Seiten des Frontsteines schaffen zusammen mit den Nachbarsteinen Hohlräume, die in der fertig er­stellten Mauer allerlei Kleingetier Unterschlupf bieten.As can be seen from FIG. 1, the front stone 1 of the brick set according to the invention consists of a front exposed stone area 9 with a natural stone structured front 4 of width B, to which a stone area 10 with a smooth, flat surface adjoins at the rear. The Stone area 10 has at least one dovetail-shaped projection 5 on the back for anchoring the front stone in additional anchoring stones or in corresponding, corresponding wall stones. Rectangular cutouts 16 are provided on both side surfaces of the stone area 10. These outer recesses 16 on the sides of the front stone together with the neighboring stones create cavities which provide shelter for all kinds of small animals in the finished wall.

Ein zweiter Frontstein des Mauerstein-Satzes weist wie in Figur 2 gezeigt die 1,5-fache Breite B des Grundsteines auf und dessen schwalbenschwanzförmiger Vorsprung 5′ ist um 50% verbreitert und asymmetrisch angeordnet. Dadurch ist es möglich, den Aufbau des Steinverbandes flexibler zu gestal­ten.A second front stone of the brick set has, as shown in Figure 2, 1.5 times the width B of the base stone and its dovetail-shaped projection 5 'is widened by 50% and arranged asymmetrically. This makes it possible to make the structure of the stone structure more flexible.

Die Figur 3 zeigt einen Mauerstein mit der doppelten Breite 2B. Symmetrisch sind an der Rückseite zwei schwalben­schwanzförmige Vorsprünge 5 vorgesehen, die einen schwal­benschwanzförmigen Zwischenraum 17 bilden.Figure 3 shows a brick with double the width 2B. Two dovetail-shaped projections 5 are provided symmetrically on the back, which form a dovetail-shaped intermediate space 17.

Figur 4 zeigt alle drei Typen Steine des erfindungsgemässen Mauerstein-Satzes in einer perspektivischen, auseinander­gezogenen Ansicht. Oben sind zwei Frontsteine 1 darge­stellt. Typisch sind an diesen Frontsteinen 1 die natur­steinähnlich strukturierten Sicht-Steinbereiche 9, mit deren Front 4 an welche Steinbereiche 9 sich mit etwas angehobener Oberfläche die Steinbereiche 10 anschliessen.Figure 4 shows all three types of stones of the brick set according to the invention in a perspective, exploded view. Two front stones 1 are shown above. Typical of these front stones 1 are the natural stone areas 9, 9 which are structured like natural stones whose front 4 to which stone areas 9 the stone areas 10 connect with a slightly raised surface.

Weiter sind die Aussparungen 16 seitlich an den Steinbe­reichen 10 erkennbar. Zur Verankerung dieser Frontsteine 1 und damit zur Sicherung einer Böschung mittels aus ihnen aufgebauten Trockenmauer sind an den Rückseiten die schwal­benschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge 5 angeformt. Unter den beiden Frontsteinen 1 ist ein Verankerungsstein 2 gezeigt. Dieser ist im wesentlichen aus einem rechteckförmigen Quader 6 aufgebaut, wobei an den beiden Längsseiten des Quaders 6 schwalbenschwanzförmige Vorsprünge 7 angeformt sind, die mit den Lücken zwischen jenen 5 an den Frontsteinen 1 korrespondieren. Der gezeigte Verankerungsstein 2 weist die halbe Höhe eines Frontsteines 1 auf. Dieses gilt auch für den darunter gezeigten Verbindungsstein 3. Dieser ist aus zwei schwalbenschwanzförmigen Hälften 8 aufgebaut, die identisch dimensioniert sind wie die Vorsprünge 5,7 an den Front- 1 und Verankerungssteinen 2.Furthermore, the cutouts 16 can be seen laterally on the stone areas 10. To anchor these front stones 1 and thus to secure an embankment by means of a dry wall constructed from them, the dovetail-shaped projections 5 are formed on the rear sides. An anchoring stone 2 is shown under the two front stones 1. This is essentially constructed from a rectangular cuboid 6, with dovetail-shaped projections 7 being formed on the two longitudinal sides of the cuboid 6, which correspond to the gaps between those 5 on the front stones 1. The anchoring stone 2 shown has half the height of a front stone 1. This also applies to the connecting stone 3 shown below. This is made up of two dovetail-shaped halves 8 which are dimensioned identically to the projections 5, 7 on the front 1 and anchoring stones 2.

In Figur 5, die eine Draufsicht auf eine doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer mit Frontsteinen gemäss der Erfindung dar­stellt, sind mehrere erfindungsgemässe Frontsteine 1 gegen­seitig mit ihren schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprüngen 5 ineinander verzahnt dargestellt. Die schwalbenschwanzförmi­gen Vorsprünge 5 an der Rückseite der Frontsteine 1 ermöglichen so eine saubere, kraftschlüssige Verbindung der einander gegenüberliegenden Frontsteine 1, auch wenn diese untereinander etwas distanziert sind, das heisst fugenbil­dend angeordnet sind. Diese Art von Mauer ergibt die geringste Bautiefe, die ja der Mauerstärke entspricht. Der Abschluss kann durch ein spezielles Abschlusselement 18 erfolgen, das zusätzlich als Abdeckelement für eine horizontale Mauerkante eingesetzt werden kann.In FIG. 5, which shows a plan view of a double-sided dry stone wall with front stones according to the invention, several front stones 1 according to the invention are shown mutually interlocked with their dovetail-shaped projections 5. The dovetail-shaped projections 5 on the back of the front stones 1 thus enable a clean, non-positive connection of the opposing front stones 1, even if they are somewhat distant from one another, that is to say arranged to form joints. This type of wall gives the smallest depth, which corresponds to the wall thickness. The closure can be done by a special closure element 18, which can also be used as a cover element for a horizontal wall edge.

In Figur 6 sind in die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Zwischen­räume Verbindungssteine 3 eingesetzt, wodurch die Mauer­stärke leicht vergrössert wird.In Figure 6, connecting blocks 3 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces, whereby the wall thickness is slightly increased.

In Figur 7 schliesslich sind in die schwalbenschwanzförmi­gen Zwischenräume Verankerungssteine 2 eingesetzt. Die Mauerstärke ist damit noch etwas grösser. Selbstverständ­lich können auch Verankerungs- 2 und Verbindungssteine 3 kombiniert eingesetzt werden, auch mehrere Reihen davon. Damit kann die Mauerstärke beliebig variiert werden.Finally, in FIG. 7, anchoring stones 2 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces. The wall thickness is therefore somewhat larger. Of course, anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 can also be used in combination, even several rows of them. The wall thickness can be varied as required.

Die Aussparungen an den Stossseiten der Steine 1 ermög­lichen, dass sich allerlei Kleingetier in der Mauer ver­kriechen kann.The recesses on the butt sides of the stones 1 allow all kinds of small animals to crawl into the wall.

Die Figur 8 zeigt das Prinzip einer möglichen Verankerung einer einhäuptigen Mauer in einem Hang, wobei die schwal­benschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge und die Front- 1 und Veran­kerungssteine 2 distanziert, das heisst fugenbildend, ange­ ordnet sind.FIG. 8 shows the principle of a possible anchoring of a single-sided wall on a slope, the dovetail-shaped projections and the front and 1 anchoring stones 2 being spaced apart, that is to say forming joints are arranged.

Die Aussparungen, in welche die schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge 5 eingreifen, sind ebenso wichtig wie die Vorsprünge selbst. Die Grundrissfläche eines schwalben­schwanzförmigen Vorsprunges 5 entspricht exakt derjenigen des Zwischenraumes 17, der entsteht, wenn zwei Steine satt gestossen verlegt sind.The recesses into which the dovetail-shaped protrusions 5 engage are just as important as the protrusions themselves. The surface area of a dovetail-shaped protrusion 5 corresponds exactly to that of the intermediate space 17 that is created when two stones are laid with a good butt joint.

Erst wenn eine Fuge entstanden ist zwischen den Veranke­rungssteinen 2, beziehungsweise den Verbindungssteinen 3, entsteht auch eine Stossfuge zwischen den Frontsteinen 1. Es ist noch zu erwähnen, dass beim Stein mit der Breite 1,5 B die Breite des schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprunges 3′ dem grösseren Abstand angepasst ist. Im Normalfall beträgt der Abstand der schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprünge 1/2 B vom Steinrand.Only when a joint has formed between the anchoring stones 2, or the connecting stones 3, is there also a butt joint between the front stones 1. It should also be mentioned that the stone with the width 1.5 B is the width of the dovetail-shaped projection 3 'the larger one Distance is adjusted. The distance between the dovetail-shaped projections is normally 1/2 B from the stone edge.

In Figur 9 ist eine Ausführungsmöglichkeit eines vorfabri­zierten Mauerelementes dargestellt, bei dem die Mauersteine werksseitig von hinten mit einer Hinterbetonschicht 19 ausgefüllt sind und dadurch zusammengehalten werden.FIG. 9 shows one possible embodiment of a prefabricated wall element, in which the bricks are filled in at the factory with a rear concrete layer 19 and are thereby held together.

Figur 10 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer mit dem Mauer­stein-Satz gemäss der Erfindung aufgebauten Mauer im Schnitt. Dabei ist ersichtlich, dass zur Verankerung im Erdreich in sechs verschiedenen Ebenen Verankerungs- 2 und Verbindungssteine 3 zur festen Verankerung der Mauer im Erdreich verlegt sind. Der Abschluss kann durch ein Abdeck­element 20 erfolgen, das zusätzlich als Abschlusselement 18 gemäss Figur 5 eingesetzt werden kann.FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of a wall constructed with the brick set according to the invention. It can be seen that for anchoring in the ground in six different levels, anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 for firmly anchoring the wall in Soil are laid. The closure can take place by a cover element 20, which can additionally be used as a closure element 18 according to FIG. 5.

Die Tiefe dieser statisch beanspruchten Mauer kann den rechnerischen Erfordernissen durch Verwendung mehrerer Verankerungs- 2 und Verbindungssteine 3 hintereinander als Ankersteine angepasst werden.The depth of this statically stressed wall can be adapted to the computational requirements by using several anchoring stones 2 and connecting stones 3 in succession as anchor stones.

Ein besonders attraktiver Frontstein eines erfindungsge­mässen Mauerstein-Satzes ist in Figur 11 perspektivisch von vorne dargestellt. Dessen Sichtsteinbereich 11 ist gegen seine Front hin ganz leicht gepfeilt. Aber nicht nur die Frontseite ist leicht pfeilförmig, sondern auch deren gegenüber dem Steinbereich 12 leicht abgesetzte Rückseite 21 ist in umgekehrter Richtung ganz leicht gepfeilt. Diese Pfeilungen bringen in konstruktiver wie auch in ästheti­scher Hinsicht Vorteile. Zum einen können derartig geformte Steine jeweils um eine halbe Steinbreite versetzt zueinan­der aufeinandergelegt werden, wobei jeweils die Frontseite des oberen Steines an der Rückseite 21 des Steinbereiches 11 des unteren Steines einen Anschlag findet. Bei gerad­liniger Verlegung der Mauer liegen die Steine flächenhaft satt aneinander an. Wird mit der Mauer eine Kurve beschrie­ben, so wird zumindest ein linienhaftes Aneinanderliegen gewährleistet, gleichgültig, ob die Mauerfront konvex oder konkav gekrümmt ist. Dieses ist der konstruktive Vorteil.A particularly attractive front stone of a brick set according to the invention is shown in perspective from the front in FIG. 11. Its viewing stone area 11 is very slightly swept towards its front. But not only is the front side slightly arrow-shaped, but also the rear side 21, which is slightly offset from the stone area 12, is very slightly arrowed in the opposite direction. These sweepings bring advantages in terms of both construction and aesthetics. On the one hand, stones shaped in this way can be placed on top of each other offset by half a stone width, the front of the upper stone finding a stop on the rear 21 of the stone region 11 of the lower stone. When the wall is laid in a straight line, the stones lie flat against each other. If a curve is described with the wall, at least a linear abutment is guaranteed, regardless of whether the wall front is convex or is concavely curved. This is the constructive advantage.

In ästhetischer Hinsicht ist zu bemerken, dass durch die Pfeilung der ohnehin schon strukturierten Frontseite des Mauersteins die Front der fertigen Mauer weiter optisch aufgelockert wird, weil doch verschiedene Front-Haupt­flächenrichtungen geschaffen sind. Besonders bei gekrümmten Mauerfronten trägt diese Pfeilung zu einem natürlichen Erscheinungsbild bei, weil keine zu augenfällige Regel­mässigkeit vorhanden ist. Als Besonderheit weist der hier gezeigte Mauerstein ausserdem ein Behältnis zum Bepflanzen beziehungsweise Begrünen der fertig erstellten Mauer auf. Der Mauerstein hat nämlich eine durchgehende Ausnehmung, sodass er im wesentlichen einen kastenförmigen Rahmen 15 bildet.From an aesthetic point of view, it should be noted that the front of the finished wall is further loosened optically by the sweeping of the already structured front of the brick, because different front main surface directions have been created. Especially with curved wall fronts, this sweep contributes to a natural appearance because there is no regularity that is too obvious. As a special feature, the brick shown here also has a container for planting or greening the finished wall. The brick has a continuous recess, so that it essentially forms a box-shaped frame 15.

Wie Figur 12 zeigt, ist im Anschluss an den Steinbereich 11 im Kasten 15 eine gerundete Bodenkante 13 gebildet. Diese läuft in eine Zunge 14 aus, jenseits welcher die Ausnehmung dann durchgehend ist. Weiter ist der Rahmen 15 im Sicht­steinbereich 11 leicht ausgebuchtet. Wenn nun solche Mauer­steine um jeweils ihre halbe Breite versetzt aufeinander­geschichtet werden, so entstehen zwischen zwei Steinreihen Oeffnungen, aus welchen in die Behältnisse eingesetzte Pflanzen herauswachsen können, um später gegebenenfalls die Mauerfront vollständig zu verdecken.As FIG. 12 shows, a rounded bottom edge 13 is formed in the box 15 following the stone area 11. This runs out into a tongue 14, beyond which the recess is then continuous. Furthermore, the frame 15 is slightly bulged in the viewing stone area 11. If such bricks are stacked on top of each other offset by half their width, openings are created between two rows of stones, from which plants inserted into the containers can grow out, in order to later completely cover the front of the wall if necessary.

In Figur 13 ist eine derart erstellte Böschungsmauer in einem Schnitt dargestellt. Jedes gebildete Behältnis wird mit Erdreich aufgefüllt, wie das hier an einem Beispiel gezeigt ist. Die Zunge 14 sorgt dafür, dass das Erdreich im vorderen Bereich des Behältnisses nicht nach unten herausrutscht. Der gezeigt Frontstein weist im übrigen an seiner Rückseite ebenfalls schwalbenschwanzförmige Vor­sprünge 5 auf und seitlich sind wiederum Ausnehmungen 16 vorhanden. Die ganze Böschungsmauer ist mittels Veranke­rungs- 2 und Verbindungssteinen 3 im Hang selbst gesichert. Der vorliegende Mauerstein-Satz gestattet das mörtellose Erstellen von ein- oder doppelhäuptigen Trockenmauern ver­schiedener Tiefe. Das Verankerungssystem eignet sich be­sonders zum Zurückbinden einer Böschungsmauer, wodurch die Böschung selbst optimal gesichert wird. In der Ausführung mit einem Behältnis für Bepflanzungen eignet sich der erfindungsgemässe Mauerstein-Satz ausserdem bestens zum An­legen von geraden, konvex oder konkav gekrümmten Böschungs­mauern.FIG. 13 shows a slope wall created in this way in a section. Each container formed is filled with soil, as shown here using an example. The tongue 14 ensures that the soil in the front area of the container does not slide down. The front stone shown also has dovetail-shaped projections 5 on its back and recesses 16 are again provided on the side. The entire embankment wall is secured in the slope itself by means of anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3. This brick set allows mortarless construction of single or double-sided dry stone walls of various depths. The anchoring system is particularly suitable for tying back an embankment wall, which optimally secures the embankment itself. In the version with a container for plantings, the brick set according to the invention is also ideally suited for creating straight, convex or concave curved embankment walls.

Claims (7)

1.) Mauerstein-Satz aus Beton zur Erstellung einer Trockenmauer, gekennzeichnet durch Frontsteine (1), Verankerungs- (2) und Verbindungssteine (3), wobei jeder Frontstein (1) mit einer strukturierten Frontsei­te (4) versehen ist und auf seiner Rückseite mindestens einen im Grundriss gesehen schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprung (5) aufweist, jeder Verankerungsstein (2) im Grundriss ein Rechteck (6) mit an jeder Längsseite angeformtem schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprung (7) ist, und jeder Verbindungsstein (3) aus zwei mit ihrer Schmalseite aneinandergeformten, schwalbenschwanzförmi­gen Hälften (8) besteht, wobei die schwalbenschwanz­förmigen Vorsprünge (5,7,8) aller Steine (1,2,3) glei­cher Dimension sind.1.) Brick set made of concrete to create a dry wall, characterized by front stones (1), anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3), each front stone (1) being provided with a structured front (4) and on its back Has at least one dovetail-shaped projection (5) seen in the plan, each anchoring stone (2) in the plan is a rectangle (6) with a dovetail-shaped projection (7) formed on each long side, and each connecting block (3) consists of two dovetail-shaped ones with their narrow sides Halves (8), the dovetail-shaped projections (5,7,8) of all stones (1,2,3) being of the same dimension. 2.) Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass der Frontstein (1) einen vorderen, natur­steinstrukturierten Sicht-Steinbereich (9) aufweist, an den sich nach hinten ein Steinbereich (10) mit gegen­über der Oberseite des Sicht-Steinbereiches (9) leicht nach oben versetzter, ebener Oberfläche anschliesst, dessen beide Seitenflächen rechteckförmige Aussparungen (16) aufweisen.2.) Brick set according to claim 1, characterized in that the front stone (1) has a front, natural stone structured exposed stone area (9) to which a stone area (10) towards the rear with respect to the top of the exposed stone area ( 9) adjoins a slightly offset, flat surface, the two side surfaces of which are rectangular recesses (16). 3.) Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass der Steinbereich (12) des Frontsteines (1) eine gegenüber dem Sicht-Steinbereich (11) nach unten versetzte Oberfläche aufweist und von oben her ausge­nommen ist, derart, dass ein Kasten (15) gebildet ist, wobei die Ausnehmung im Anschluss an den Sicht- Stein­bereich (11) durch eine gerundete Bodenkante (13) begrenzt ist, welche in eine Zunge (14) ausläuft, und die Ausnehmung im Anschluss an die Zunge (14) durchge­hend ist.3.) Brick set according to claim 1, characterized in that the stone area (12) of the front stone (1) has a surface which is offset from the visible stone area (11) and is recessed from above, such that a box (15) is formed, the recess following the exposed stone area (11) being delimited by a rounded bottom edge (13) which ends in a tongue (14) and the recess following the tongue (14) continuously is. 4.) Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, dass der Frontstein (1) in drei verschie­denen Breiten vorhanden ist, wobei ein erster Front­stein der Breite B den Grundstein bildet, dass ein zweiter Frontstein das 1,5-fache der Breite B des Grundsteines aufweist und dessen ebenfalls um das 1,5-fache verbreiteter schwalbenschwanzförmiger Vor­sprung (5′) asymmetrisch nach einer Seite versetzt ist, ferner dass der dritte Frontstein die doppelte Breite B des Grundsteines aufweist, sodass er im wesentlichen aus zwei aneinandergeformten Grundsteinen besteht.4.) Brick set according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the front stone (1) is available in three different widths, with a first front stone of width B forming the cornerstone that a second front stone 1.5 times that Width B of the foundation stone and whose 1.5 times widespread dovetail-shaped projection (5 ') is asymmetrically offset to one side, further that the third front stone has twice the width B of the foundation stone, so that it consists essentially of two molded-on foundation stones consists. 5.) Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 1,2,3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichent, dass der Verankerungsstein (2) aus einem rechteckförmigen Quader (6) besteht, an dessen Längsseiten je ein in die Zwischenräume zwischen den schwalbenschwanzförmigen Vorsprüngen der Mauersteine passender, schwalbenschwanzförmiger Vorsprung (7) ange­ordnet ist, wobei die Länge des Quaders der Breite des schmälsten Frontsteines entspricht.5.) Brick set according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the anchoring stone (2) consists of a rectangular cuboid (6), on the long sides of which a matching one in the spaces between the dovetail-shaped projections of the bricks, Dovetail-shaped projection (7) is arranged, the length of the cuboid corresponds to the width of the narrowest front stone. 6.) Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass die Höhe der Verankerungs- (2) und Verbin­dungssteine (3) der Höhe des Frontsteines (1) im höhe­ren Steinbereich (10) entspricht.6.) Brick set according to claim 2, characterized in that the height of the anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3) corresponds to the height of the front stone (1) in the higher stone area (10). 7). Mauerstein-Satz nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass die Höhe der Verankerungs-(2) und Verbin­dungssteine (3) der Höhe des Frontsteines (1) im nie­drigeren Steinbereich (12) entspricht.7). Brick set according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3) corresponds to the height of the front stone (1) in the lower stone area (12).
EP88810770A 1987-12-01 1988-11-09 Set of concrete wall stones for constructing a day-stacked wall Expired - Lifetime EP0319465B1 (en)

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AT88810770T ATE69278T1 (en) 1987-12-01 1988-11-09 CONCRETE BRICK SET FOR CREATING A DRY WALL.

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DE19873740646 DE3740646A1 (en) 1987-12-01 1987-12-01 CONCRETE BRICK TO CREATE A DRY WALL
DE3740646 1987-12-01

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EP (1) EP0319465B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE69278T1 (en)
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IL (1) IL88464A (en)

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FR2729413A1 (en) * 1995-01-18 1996-07-19 Colombero Jean Marc Andre Fran Concrete support elements for wall or acoustic screen
EP0851068A2 (en) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-01 FIEGE & BERTOLI GmbH & Co. KG. Retaining block
EP0851068A3 (en) * 1996-12-27 1999-07-28 FIEGE & BERTOLI GmbH & Co. KG. Retaining block
AT524345A1 (en) * 2020-11-12 2022-05-15 Michael Friedl Alfred Semi-brick and method of producing a semi-brick
AT524345B1 (en) * 2020-11-12 2022-07-15 Michael Friedl Alfred Semi-brick and method of producing a semi-brick

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3740646A1 (en) 1989-06-15
DE3866087D1 (en) 1991-12-12
IL88464A0 (en) 1989-06-30
US4896999A (en) 1990-01-30
IL88464A (en) 1991-06-30
EP0319465B1 (en) 1991-11-06
CA1332028C (en) 1994-09-20
ATE69278T1 (en) 1991-11-15

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