EP0319465B1 - Set of concrete wall stones for constructing a day-stacked wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The set of concrete wall stones consists of front (1), anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3). The front stones (1) have a textured front side similar to natural stone and dovetailed projections (5) are integrally formed on their rear side. <??>They are inserted in irregular alternation at a basic width B and also at widths 1.5B and 2B. Another type of front stone is box-shaped and therefore permits planting. The anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3) form distance elements with dovetailed projections (7, 8) opposite one another of the same dimensions as the projections (5) of the front stones. By keying of the front stones (1) with these anchoring (2) and connecting stones (3), double-crowned dry walls of various thickness can be erected on the one hand, and retaining walls which can be secured in the slope by re-linking can be erected on the other hand. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a set of masonry stones made of concrete for creating a drywall, consisting of known front stones with one or more dovetail-shaped projections formed on the back and equally large dovetail-shaped gaps and of known connecting stones made of two dovetail-shaped pieces formed together with their narrow sides Halves as well as from anchoring stones.

Various bricks from brick sets or individual bricks are known which have similarities or even a formal match with individual bricks of the brick set according to the invention in terms of their formal configuration. However, in their combination to form a kit with coordinated size ratios and formal connectivity, this is unknown.

From EP-A-0'234'175 is for example a front stone Known according to the preamble of the claim which can be connected by means of dovetail-shaped projections and gaps on the back with hollow stones, which are provided on the front with a dovetail-shaped widening which can be inserted into the gaps of the same shape on the back of the front stones. However, the hollow blocks can only be assembled into a column that can be poured out with concrete. The masonry created in this way is connected with a foundation and appropriate reinforcement. Anchoring such a wall to the ground area behind it is not provided and cannot be realized with the stone set known from it. A double-sided wall made of only front stones is not described, but is conceivable. On the other hand, the wall thickness of a double-sided wall cannot be varied with the help of the hollow blocks, since then a positive connection is not possible.

Another hollow stone, which, however, only has dovetail-shaped recesses on at least two opposite sides, is known from FR-A-2'376'269. By means of a connecting stone in the form according to the connecting stone of the invention, vertical walls can hereby be created, whereby reinforcements and concrete can also be introduced into the cavities. Neither can be made with these stones in any combination of double-sided masonry of different thicknesses and certainly not a retaining wall with anchoring to the ground.

Finally, a composite stone is also known from GB-A-2'068'434, which shows the same shape as the connecting stones of the brick set according to the invention. These stones can be placed on the plain or on inclined slopes and are used to create river banks and embankments on streams.

When building a dry wall, it is important to move the bricks in such a way that a single- or double-sided wall can be built without connecting compound between the stones, for example mortar. To create embankments, it is desirable to anchor a dry wall inside the actual embankment slope so that it can serve to secure the embankment. With double-sided masonry, it is desirable to be able to vary the wall thickness from top to bottom. This is how dry walls with high static strength can be built.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a brick set with which a drywall can be created in a simple manner, which the above wishes fulfilled.

This diverse task is solved by a brick set with the features of patent claim 1. Double-sided walls of different thicknesses can be connected directly from the front stone to the front stone, or somewhat thicker by the interposition of connecting stones or even thicker by the interposition of anchoring stones or almost any thickness through the combination of connecting and anchor stones between the outer front stones.

For the formation of retaining walls on steep embankments, only anchoring stones or a combination of anchoring and connecting stones can be attached to any depth at the back of the front stones.

The design forms according to claim 2 results in ecological masonry which creates space for small creatures such as caterpillars, reptiles, insects and the like. The claim 3 shows the possibility of plantable masonry.

Based on the drawings, the brick set according to the invention will be explained in more detail using the example of preferred embodiments.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf einen Frontstein der Breite B eines Mauerstein-Satzes gemäss der Erfindung;

Fig. 2

zeigt einen Frontstein der Breite 1,5 B;

Fig. 3

zeigt einen Frontstein der Breite 2B;

Fig. 4

zeigt eine perspektivische, auseinandergezogene Ansicht zweier Frontsteine, eines Verankerungssteines und eines Verbindungssteines;

Fig. 5

zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen aufgebaute, doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer in Draufsicht;

Fig. 6

zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen und Verbindungssteinen aufgebaute doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer in Draufsicht;

Fig. 7

zeigt eine mit Frontsteinen und Verankerungssteinen aufgebaute doppelhäuptige Trockenmauer in Draufsicht;

Fig. 8

zeigt eine einhäuptige Trockenmauer mit Verankerungssteinen in Draufsicht;

Fig. 9

zeigt ein Mauerelement aus Frontsteinen mit Hinterbeton;

Fig. 10

zeigt eine Schnittansicht einer fertig erstellten Mauer als statisch beanspruchte Stützmauer zur Sicherung einer Böschung;

Fig. 11

zeigt einen Frontstein mit Bepflanzungsbehältnis in Perspektive von vorne;

Fig. 12

zeigt einen Frontstein mit Bepflanzungsbehältnis in Perspektive von hinten;

Fig. 13

zeigt eine gesicherte Böschung mit einer Trockenmauer aus bepflanzbaren Frontsteinen im Schnitt.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a front brick of width B of a brick set according to the invention;

Fig. 2

shows a front stone of width 1.5 B;

Fig. 3

shows a front stone of width 2B;

Fig. 4

shows a perspective, exploded view of two front stones, an anchoring stone and a connecting stone;

Fig. 5

shows a double-sided dry stone wall built with front stones in top view;

Fig. 6

shows a double-sided dry stone wall with front stones and connecting stones in plan view;

Fig. 7

shows a double-sided dry stone wall with front stones and anchoring stones in plan view;

Fig. 8

shows a one-sided drywall with anchoring stones in plan view;

Fig. 9

shows a wall element made of front stones with back concrete;

Fig. 10

shows a sectional view of a finished wall as a statically stressed retaining wall to secure a slope;

Fig. 11

shows a front stone with planting container in perspective from the front;

Fig. 12

shows a front stone with planting container in perspective from behind;

Fig. 13

shows a secured embankment with a dry wall made of plantable front stones on average.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the front stone 1 of the brick set according to the invention consists of a front exposed stone area 9 with a natural stone structured front 4 of width B, to which a stone area 10 with a smooth, flat surface adjoins at the rear. The Stone area 10 has at least one dovetail-shaped projection 5 on the back for anchoring the front stone in additional anchoring stones or in corresponding, corresponding wall stones. Rectangular cutouts 16 are provided on both side surfaces of the stone area 10. These outer recesses 16 on the sides of the front stone together with the neighboring stones create cavities which provide shelter for all kinds of small animals in the finished wall.

A second front stone of the brick set has, as shown in Figure 2, 1.5 times the width B of the base stone and its dovetail-shaped projection 5 'is widened by 50% and arranged asymmetrically. This makes it possible to make the structure of the stone structure more flexible.

Figure 3 shows a brick with double the width 2B. Two dovetail-shaped projections 5 are provided symmetrically on the back, which form a dovetail-shaped intermediate space 17.

Figure 4 shows all three types of stones of the brick set according to the invention in a perspective, exploded view. Two front stones 1 are shown above. Typical of these front stones 1 are the natural stone areas 9, 9 which are structured like natural stones whose front 4 to which stone areas 9 the stone areas 10 connect with a slightly raised surface. Furthermore, the cutouts 16 can be seen laterally on the stone areas 10. In order to anchor these front stones 1 and thus to secure an embankment by means of a dry wall constructed from them, the dovetail-shaped projections 5 are formed on the rear sides. An anchoring stone 2 is shown under the two front stones 1. This is essentially constructed from a rectangular cuboid 6, with dovetail-shaped projections 7 being formed on the two longitudinal sides of the cuboid 6, which correspond to the gaps between those 5 on the front stones 1. The anchoring stone 2 shown has half the height of a front stone 1. This also applies to the connecting stone 3 shown below. This is made up of two dovetail-shaped halves 8, which are dimensioned identically to the projections 5, 7 on the front 1 and anchoring stones 2.

It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the bricks of the brick set are also possible in other combinations than that defined by claim 1, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 8.

In FIG. 5, which shows a plan view of a double-sided dry stone wall with front stones according to the invention, several front stones 1 according to the invention are shown mutually interlocked with their dovetail-shaped projections 5. The dovetail-shaped projections 5 on the back of the front stones 1 thus enable a clean, non-positive connection of the opposing front stones 1, even if they are somewhat distant from one another, that is to say arranged to form joints. This type of wall gives the smallest depth, which corresponds to the wall thickness. The closure can be done by a special closure element 18, which can also be used as a cover element for a horizontal wall edge.

In Figure 6, connecting blocks 3 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces, whereby the wall thickness is slightly increased.

Finally, in FIG. 7, anchoring stones 2 are inserted into the dovetail-shaped spaces. The wall thickness is therefore somewhat larger. Of course, anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 can also be used in combination, even several rows of them. The wall thickness can be varied as required.

The recesses on the butt sides of the stones 1 allow all kinds of small animals to crawl into the wall.

FIG. 8 shows the principle of possible anchoring of a single-sided wall on a slope, the dovetail-shaped projections and the front and 1 anchoring stones 2 being spaced apart, that is to say forming joints are.

The recesses into which the dovetail-shaped protrusions 5 engage are just as important as the protrusions themselves. The surface area of a dovetail-shaped protrusion 5 corresponds exactly to that of the intermediate space 17 that is created when two stones are laid with a good butt joint.

Only when a joint has formed between the anchoring stones 2, or the connecting stones 3, is there also a butt joint between the front stones 1. It should also be mentioned that the stone with the width 1.5 B is the width of the dovetail-shaped projection 3 'the larger one Distance is adjusted. The distance between the dovetail-shaped projections is normally 1/2 B from the stone edge.

FIG. 9 shows one possible embodiment of a prefabricated wall element, in which the bricks are filled in at the factory with a rear concrete layer 19 and are thereby held together.

FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of a wall constructed with the brick set according to the invention. It can be seen that for anchoring in the ground in six different levels, anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 for firmly anchoring the wall in Soil are laid. The closure can take place by a cover element 20, which can additionally be used as a closure element 18 according to FIG. 5.

The depth of this statically stressed wall can be adapted to the computational requirements by using several anchoring stones 2 and connecting stones 3 in succession as anchor stones.

A particularly attractive front stone of a brick set according to the invention is shown in perspective from the front in FIG. 11. Its viewing stone area 11 is very slightly swept towards its front. But not only the front is slightly arrow-shaped, but also the rear 21, which is slightly offset from the stone area 12, is very slightly arrowed in the opposite direction. These sweepings bring advantages in terms of both construction and aesthetics. On the one hand, stones shaped in this way can be placed on top of each other offset by half a stone width, the front of the upper stone finding a stop on the rear 21 of the stone region 11 of the lower stone. When the wall is laid in a straight line, the stones lie flat against each other. If a curve is described with the wall, at least a linear abutment is guaranteed, regardless of whether the wall front is convex or is concavely curved. This is the constructive advantage. From an aesthetic point of view, it should be noted that the front of the finished wall is further loosened optically by the sweeping of the already structured front of the brick, because different front main surface directions have been created. Especially with curved wall fronts, this sweep contributes to a natural appearance because there is no regularity that is too obvious. As a special feature, the brick shown here also has a container for planting or greening the finished wall. The brick has a continuous recess, so that it essentially forms a box-shaped frame 15.

As FIG. 12 shows, a rounded bottom edge 13 is formed in the box 15 following the stone area 11. This runs out into a tongue 14, beyond which the recess is then continuous. Furthermore, the frame 15 is slightly bulged in the viewing stone area 11. If such bricks are now stacked on top of each other offset by half their width, openings are created between two rows of stones, from which plants used in the containers can grow out, in order later to completely cover the wall front if necessary.

FIG. 13 shows a slope wall created in this way in a section. Each container formed is filled with soil, as shown here using an example. The tongue 14 ensures that the soil in the front area of the container does not slide down. The front stone shown also has dovetail-shaped projections 5 on its back and recesses 16 are again provided on the side. The entire embankment wall is secured by means of anchoring 2 and connecting stones 3 in the slope itself. The present brick set allows the mortarless creation of single or double-sided dry stone walls of various depths. The anchoring system is particularly suitable for tying back a slope wall, which optimally secures the slope itself. In the version with a container for planting, the brick set according to the invention is also ideally suited for creating straight, convex or concave curved embankment walls.

Claims (5)

1. A set of concrete bricks for constructing a dry wall, having frontal bricks (1), anchoring (2) and connecting bricks (3), each frontal brick (1) being provided with a textured front side (4) and having, on its rear side, at least one projection (5) which is dovetail-shaped when viewed in plan, each anchoring brick (2) being, in plan view, a rectangle (6) with a dovetail-shaped projection (7) moulded on each long side, and each connecting brick (3) being composed of two dovetail-shaped halves (8) moulded together at their narrow side, the dovetail-shaped projections (5, 7, 8) of all bricks (1, 2, 3) having the same dimensions.

2. A set of bricks in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the frontal brick (1) has a front, visible, brick area (9) which has the texture of stone and adjacent to which there is, towards the rear, a brick area (10) with a plane upper surface displaced upwards to a slight extent in relation to the upper side of the visible, brick area (9), both lateral surfaces of this brick area (10) having rectangular recesses (16).

3. A set of bricks in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the brick area (12) of the frontal brick (1) is displaced downwards in relation to the visible, brick area (11) and the brick area (12) is recessed from above in such a manner that a box (15) is formed, adjacent to the visible, brick area (11) the recess being bounded by a rounded base-edge (13) which turns into a tongue (14), and the recess being through-going adjacent to the tongue (14).

4. A set of bricks in accordance with Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the frontal brick (1) is available in three different widths, a first frontal brick of width (B) forming the basic brick, in that a second frontal brick is 1.5 times the width (B) of the basic brick and its dovetail-shaped projection (5′), which is likewise 1.5 times wider, is asymmetrically displaced to one side, furthermore in that the third frontal brick is twice the width (B) of the basic brick so that it is essentially composed of two basic bricks moulded together.

5. A set of bricks in accordance with Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the anchoring brick (2) is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped (6), a projection (7) being arranged on each of the long sides of the latter and these projections (7) fitting into the gaps between the dovetail-shaped projections of the bricks, the length of the parallelepiped corresponding to the width of the narrowest frontal brick.

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