DE602005005469T2 - MODULAR COMPONENTS FOR CONSTRUCTING A SUPPORT WALL - Google Patents

Abstract

This present invention relates to modular building elements which are used to construct mortarless retaining walls or like structures. Main body elements ( 1 ), footing elements ( 2 ), upper-side finishing elements ( 3 ), edge finishing elements ( 4 ), corner finishing elements ( 5 ), corner building elements ( 40 ), column building elements ( 32 ), concave curved main body element ( 47 ), convex curved main body elements ( 56 ), double-sided main body elements ( 101 ), double-sided footing elements ( 102 ), double-sided upper-side finishing elements ( 103 ), double-sided edge finishing elements ( 104 ), double-sided corner finishing elements ( 105 ), double-sided corner returning first elements ( 140 a), double-sided corner returning second elements ( 140 b), double-sided corner footing elements ( 202 ), double-sided upper-corner finishing elements ( 243 ), double-sided corner returning third elements ( 310 ), double-sided corner footing second elements ( 320 ), double-sided window opening bottom elements ( 340 ), double-sided inclination elements ( 350 ) and curved double-sided main body elements ( 147 ) are parts of modular building elements which are used to construct mortarless retaining walls or like structures.

Description

Field of the invention

The The present invention relates to modular devices that are not in use of mortar or reinforcing elements attached to each other to build a retaining wall suitable is the desired one Resistance to from by backfill materials form exerted external forces. The invention may be within the technical field of construction and landscaping. Modular components according to the present invention can additionally be made in small form and because of their geometric characteristics as well Building toys and used in the field of model making.

State of the art

Within The prior art has many possibilities a retaining wall such as the use of mortar stacked natural stones, on-site shaped concrete retaining walls and use of prefabricated modular blocks. retaining walls, which are constructed by using natural stones own in general, relative to the upper part, a thicker base, for stability to increase the wall. The stones are generally processed by hand, until they have reached a suitable shape to each other fit, and are superimposed arranged using intermediate mortar. One of Main disadvantages of such walls is the difficulty of using mortar, as this requires special knowledge and also improper use of the mortar or stones to one weakened Lead wall can. It is obvious that the construction of a retaining wall with the use of Natural stone is labor intensive and time consuming.

concrete retaining walls require a watering on site. After preparing a mold become reinforcing elements arranged in this. In general, as reinforcing elements Use iron rods, so that the desired Measure Strength of the Concrete can be obtained. The iron bars are inside the mold arranged and the construction by pouring the concrete into the mold completed. The construction of a concrete retaining wall again is labor intensive, expensive and time consuming. The casting of the In addition, concrete on site requires the use of special professionals. In addition to these disadvantages is the transport of the equipment or devices as well as the required material not always possible to the construction site or too expensive.

A other way of building a retaining wall is the use of prefabricated modular concrete blocks that generally a projection and a recess, arranged on opposite surfaces own, allowing the modular blocks together without use of mortar can be attached. In this procedure, each block must be in the ground behind the wall with Ground anchors are attached. The ground anchors will be 5 to 6 meters attached behind the wall in the ground. The use of modular concrete blocks seems the most economical and fastest way to build a retaining wall to be. However, as they do require the use of reinforcing elements Anchoring requires special professionals and special techniques be used. Another point is that the modular concrete blocks in general a big surface area have, which leads to high weights of the blocks. For this reason will be while the construction of the transport or arrangement of heavy duty devices or equipment used.

In the result is conventional Types of construction of retaining walls generally labor intensive, time consuming and require special use Knowledge and special techniques as well as special devices and Equipment. It is obvious that all these factors increase the Building costs of the wall cause. It is also very difficult or almost impossible, partially damaged Walls too repair if not rebuilt at the risk of time and money losses becomes.

There are numerous studies and previously patented prior art with the present invention similar conceptual perspective as the FR 261 91 38 . FR 270 37 16 and WO 00 70154 , In the FR 261 91 38 The inventor discloses an H-shaped concrete block suitable for setting up a mortarless retaining wall. The concrete blocks disclosed by the inventor include fins and grooves disposed on opposite surfaces and are stacked to form a retaining wall. The depth of the grooves and also the compensating ribs can not always ensure the strength of the wall under the high forces applied by the backfill material. For this reason, a second row of blocks must be subsequently stacked so that greater resistance forces can be obtained from the wall. However, this type of construction of a retaining wall can be time-consuming and expensive.

Another example of a masonry structure comprising mortarless, prefabricated concrete construction elements is in FR 270 37 16 disclosed. The inventor discloses T-shaped concrete elements that form a head with a visible front surface have part and a part forming with a flat back a foundation forming part. The elements are connected to each other with their foundation area, so that the front surfaces are visible from both sides of the wall structure. By arranging the elements side by side, a single-row wall is built up and each row is piled up on another to form the wall structure. Although the concrete elements are locked together within the one set of rows, there are no connection mechanisms between the successive rows. This can cause the overall strength of the wall to be weakened.

Another type of modular blocks that can be used to build mortarless retaining walls is in the WO 00 70154 described. The inventor discloses triangular, rectangular or circular protrusions on the upper surface of a rectangular shaped block, while on the lower surface there are compensating recesses, which in turn are formed in triangular, rectangular or circular shapes. The modular blocks are placed side by side and stacked to form a retaining wall. The in the WO 00 70154 The wall structure disclosed is a so-called heavyweight wall, the strength of which depends on the ability to produce the required resistance forces of the projections and the recesses. The thickness of the projections and the recesses can not always ensure the strength of the wall. In addition, the complexity of the shapes formed into protrusions and recesses may increase the cost of manufacturing the modular blocks.

Various types of modular blocks used to form a wall or pier are known in the art US 5,122,015 disclosed. In this prior art document, a series of female blocks and a series of male blocks are connected and parallelepiped. Each female block has a recess formed in the central area of the upper surface and in the lower surface, so that a pair of flanges are formed on each side of each of the recesses. Each male block has a projection formed on each corner area. Two adjacent protrusions of two male blocks can be received in the recess of a female block, so that the male blocks and the female blocks can be stably connected with each other. However, buildings constructed by means of these blocks require a large horizontal area to withstand lateral forces, since the hooking of the projections and the recesses of the blocks can not be achieved in slender vertical walls. It is also not possible to build house-like buildings and curved walls. In areas with limited space, retaining wall constructions with these blocks are very difficult.

Object of the invention

• – Da die modularen Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung verriegelnde und selbstausrichtende Eigenschaften besitzen, besteht kein Bedarf nach einer Verwendung beliebiger Arten von Mörtel für Putz- oder Oberflächenzwecke. Während des Aufbaus besteht außerdem kein Bedarf nach einer Verwendung einer beliebigen Art von Verstärkungselementen, weder zwischen den modularen Bauelementen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, noch innerhalb des Bodens hinter der Mauer. All diese Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen modularen Bauelemente beseitigen das Erfordernis, besondere Handfertigkeiten oder Techniken beim Bauen der Mauer zu verwenden, was dazu führt, dass die Bauzeit und die Baukosten in gewünschter Weise verringert werden.
• – Bei Verwendung von modularen Bauelementen nach der Erfindung bestehen die Hauptkostenposten beim Bau einer Stützmauer lediglich in den Kosten der modularen Bauelemente selbst und in den Transportkosten zum Bauplatz. Es besteht daher kein Bedarf, zusätzlich Vorrichtungen, Ausrüstung oder Material zum Bauplatz zu transportieren. Dies ist ein wichtiger Faktor, der einen absenkenden Effekt auf die Gesamtbaukosten hat.
• – Grundwasser dringt einfach durch die modularen Bauelemente. Es besteht daher kein Bedarf, ein zusätzliches Verfahren zur Entwässerung von Grundwasser aus der Mauer anzuwenden. Diese Eigenschaft der erfindungsgemäßen modularen Bauelemente sichert die Stabilität der Mauer, während die Baukosten gering gehalten werden.
• – Jede Struktur wie eine Stützmauer oder dergleichen, die unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen modularen Bauelemente aufgebaut ist, bildet eine vertikale Struktur ohne Verwendung rigendwelcher Verstärkungstechniken oder Verankerungsmechanismen. Die Fähigkeit, eine vertikale Stützmauer oder dergleichen ohne Verwendung von Verstärkungstechniken oder Verankerungsmechanismen aufbauen zu können, besitzt zahlreiche Vorteile. Der wichtigste Vorteil ist die Fähigkeit, eine Stützmauer nahe einem Gebäude oder anderem Struktur aufzubauen, wo es nicht möglich ist, Verankerungsmechanismen vorzusehen. Ein anderer Vorteil ist, dass der Aufbau einer vertikalen Stützmauer ermöglicht, die Nutzung des darüber liegenden Landbereiches zu maximieren. Des Weiteren eliminiert oder reduziert die Fähigkeit, eine vertikale Stützmauer ohne Verwendung von Verankerungsmechanismen zu bauen, außerdem die erforderliche Menge an Aushub. Die Fähigkeit, eine vertikale Stützmauer ohne Verwendung von Verstärkungstechniken oder Verankerungsmechanismen bauen zu können, ist daher die Hauptverbesserung, die durch die modularen Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung erzielt werden kann.
• – Im Bereich einer Beschädigung der aus modularen Bauelementen der vorliegenden Erfindung aufgebauten Stützmauer ist es möglich, die Mauer durch Auswechseln lediglich der beschädigten Elemente zu reparieren. Eine solche Reparatur der teilweise beschädigten Wandungen ist verhältnismäßig einfach und weniger kostenintensiv verglichen zu herkömmlichen Wegen beim Bau einer Stützmauer.
• – Durch die Verwendung von modularen Bauelementen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Höhe oder die Länge der Mauer einfach gesteigert oder verringert werden.
• – Sogar der Standort der Mauer kann geändert werden, ohne große Mengen an Material oder Geld verlieren zu müssen.
• – Die Stützmauer, die durch Verwendung von modularen Bauelementen der vorliegenden Erfindung aufgebaut ist, bietet die Ansicht einer geschichteten ZiegelMauer. Es ist außerdem möglich, an den Vorderseiten der Elemente Strukturen oder Farben anzubringen. Durch Verwendung modularer Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher möglich, mehr dekorative und ästhetische Erscheinungsformen zu erhalten.

It is the main purpose of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the aforementioned conventional methods and to achieve significant improvements in both the economy of construction and the construction time. It should be noted that in addition to these improvements, the main purpose is to create more stable and consistent structures. The improvements and advantages can be achieved with the use of the present invention, which can be summarized as follows:

• Because the modular components of the present invention have locking and self-aligning properties, there is no need to use any type of mortar for cleaning or surface purposes. Moreover, during construction, there is no need to use any type of reinforcing elements, neither between the modular building elements according to the present invention nor within the floor behind the wall. All of these features of the modular components of the present invention eliminate the need to use special manual skills or techniques in building the wall, which results in the construction time and cost being reduced as desired.
• - When using modular components according to the invention, the main cost items in the construction of a retaining wall only in the cost of modular components themselves and in the cost of transport to the site. There is therefore no need to additionally transport equipment, equipment or material to the site. This is an important factor that has a sinking effect on the overall construction costs.
• - Groundwater penetrates easily through the modular components. There is therefore no need to apply an additional method for dewatering groundwater from the wall. This property of the modular components according to the invention ensures the stability of the wall, while the construction costs are kept low.
• Any structure such as a retaining wall or the like constructed using the modular components of the invention forms a vertical structure without the use of any reinforcement techniques or anchoring mechanisms. The ability to build a vertical retaining wall or the like without the use of reinforcement techniques or anchoring mechanisms has numerous advantages. The most important advantage is the ability to build a retaining wall near a building or structure where it is not possible to provide anchoring mechanisms. Another advantage is that the construction of a vertical retaining wall makes it possible to maximize the use of the overlying land area. Furthermore, the ability to build a vertical retaining wall without the use of anchoring mechanisms also eliminates or reduces the required amount of excavation. The ability to build a vertical retaining wall without the use of reinforcement techniques or anchoring mechanisms is therefore the major improvement that can be achieved by the modular components of the present invention.
• In the area of damage to the retaining wall constructed of modular building elements of the present invention, it is possible to repair the wall by replacing only the damaged elements. Such repair of the partially damaged walls is relatively simple and less expensive compared to conventional ways of constructing a retaining wall.
• Through the use of modular components according to the present invention, the height or length of the wall can be easily increased or decreased.
• - Even the location of the wall can be changed without losing a lot of material or money.
• The retaining wall constructed by using modular building elements of the present invention provides the view of a layered brick wall. It is also possible to attach structures or colors to the front of the elements. By using modular components of the present invention, it is therefore possible to obtain more decorative and aesthetic manifestations.

Brief description of the drawings

modular Building elements of the present invention and for the construction of a retaining wall Methods used therefrom are shown in the attached figures. The explanation the figures are given below:

1 Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a main body member for constructing a retaining wall according to the present invention;

2 contains views of the main body element from above ( 2a ), front ( 2 B ), the side ( 2c ) and from behind ( 2d );

3 shows a perspective view of a foundation element;

5 contains views of the foundation element from above ( 4a ), from the front ( 4b ), of the page ( 4c ) and from behind ( 4d );

5 shows a perspective view of an upper end member;

6 contains views of the upper end element from above ( 6a ), from the front ( 6b ), of the page ( 6c ) and from behind ( 6d );

7 shows a perspective view of an edge termination element;

8th Contains views of the edge termination element from above ( 8a ), from the front ( 8b ), from the left side ( 8c ), from the right side ( 8d ) and from behind ( 8e );

9 shows a perspective view of a Eckabschlusselements;

10 contains views of the corner finishing element from above ( 10a ), from the front ( 10b ), from the left side ( 10c ), from the right side ( 10d ) and from behind ( 10e );

11 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an exemplarily prepared substructure for building a retaining wall by using the modular building elements of the present invention;

12 shows a perspective view of the foundation elements after placing in the ground;

13 shows a perspective view of the finished substrate after arranging the foundation elements therein;

14 shows a perspective view of a part of the retaining wall, which is constructed using the main body elements and the edge termination elements of the present invention, which are arranged above the foundation elements;

15 shows a perspective view of a part of the retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of the edge termination elements of the present invention;

16 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall showing the arrangement position of the upper end members and the corner end members of the present invention;

17 shows a perspective view of the completed retaining wall, from the modula ren components of the present invention consists;

18 shows a perspective view of a retaining wall, which is constructed without the use of the edge termination elements, the corner termination elements and the upper end elements of the present invention;

19 shows a rear view of an incomplete retaining wall constructed in accordance with the invention;

20 shows a front view of an incomplete retaining wall, which is constructed according to the invention;

21 shows a perspective view of a pillar component according to the invention;

22 contains views of the pillar component from above ( 22a ), from the front ( 22b ), of the page ( 22c ), and from behind ( 22d );

23 shows a perspective view of a pillar structure, which consists of pillar construction elements of the present invention;

24 shows a perspective view of a corner element according to the invention;

25 contains views of the corner element from above ( 25a ), from the front ( 25b ), from the left side ( 25c ), from the right side ( 25d ) and from behind ( 25e );

26 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of a corner member of the present invention;

27 show a perspective view of a finished retaining wall comprising a corner structure according to the invention;

28 shows a perspective view of a concave curved main body element for forming a curved or circular wall according to the invention;

29 contains views of concavely curved main body elements from above ( 29a ), from the front ( 29b ), of the page ( 29c ) and from behind ( 29d );

30 Fig. 10 is a plan view of a concave curved main body member showing the arrangement position in a circular wall according to the invention;

31 shows a perspective view of an incomplete circular retaining wall, which is constructed by using the concave curved main body elements according to the invention;

32 shows a plan view of a convex curved main body member representing the arrangement position in a circular wall according to the invention;

33 shows a side view of a vertically convex curved main body member, showing the arrangement position in a curved wall according to the invention;

34 shows a side view of a vertically concave curved main body member, showing the arrangement position in a curved wall according to the invention;

35 shows a perspective view of a double-sided main body element for the construction of a retaining wall according to the invention;

36 contains views of the double-sided main body element from above ( 36a ), from the front ( 36b ), of the page ( 36c ) and from behind ( 36d );

37 shows a perspective view of a double-sided foundation element;

38 contains views of the double-sided foundation element from above ( 38a ), from the front ( 38b ), of the page ( 38c ) and from behind ( 38d )

39 shows a perspective view of a double-sided upper end element;

40 contains views of the double-sided upper end element from above ( 40a ), from the front ( 40b ), of the page ( 40c ) and from behind ( 40d );

41 shows a perspective view of a double-sided edge termination element;

42 Contains views of the double-sided edge termination element from above ( 42a ), from the front ( 42b ), from the left side ( 42c ), from the right side ( 42d ) and from behind ( 42e );

43 shows a perspective view of a double-sided Eckabschlusselements;

44 contains views of the double-sided corner finishing element from above ( 44a ), from the front ( 44b ), from the left side ( 44c ), from the right side ( 44d ) and from behind ( 44e );

45 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an exemplarily prepared substructure for building a retaining wall using the double-sided modular building elements of the present invention;

46 shows a perspective view of the double-sided foundation elements after placement in the ground;

47 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of the double-sided main body elements on double-sided foundation elements;

48 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of the double-sided edge finishing elements;

49 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of the double-sided main body elements over a series comprising double-sided main body elements and double-sided edge termination elements;

50 Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall showing the arrangement position of double-sided main body elements and double-sided edge termination elements over a series of double-sided main body elements;

51 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of double-sided main body elements over a series comprising double-sided main body elements and double-sided edge termination elements;

52 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of double-sided upper end members and double-sided Eckabschlusselementen over a row comprising double-sided main body elements;

53 shows a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, illustrating the arrangement position of double-sided Eckabschlusselementen;

54 shows a perspective view of a complete retaining wall, which consists of double-sided modular components of the present invention;

55 shows a perspective view of a double-sided first Eckumkehrelementes according to the invention;

56 contains views of the double-sided first corner reversal element from above ( 56a ), from the front ( 56b ), of the page ( 56c ) and from behind ( 56d );

57 shows a perspective view of a double-sided second Eckumkehrelementes according to the invention;

58 contains views of the double-sided second Eckumkehrelementes from above ( 58a ), from the front ( 58b ), from the left side ( 58c ), from the right side ( 58d ) and from behind ( 58e );

59 shows a perspective view of a double-sided Eckfundamentelementes according to the invention;

60 contains views of a double-sided corner foundation element from above ( 60a ), from the front ( 60b ), of the page ( 60c ) and from behind ( 60d );

61 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an exemplary foundation structure of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner showing the arrangement position of double-sided foundation elements and double-sided corner foundation elements in the foundation;

62 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an example of a foundation structure of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements including a 90 ° corner representing the double-sided foundation elements and a double-sided corner foundation element disposed in the foundation;

63 Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner, showing the arrangement position of a second row or layer of double-sided modular building elements in the wall structure;

64 Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner representing the double-sided modular building elements arranged in the wall structure for forming the second row;

65 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall, comprising double side modular components and including a 90 ° corner, representing the arrangement position of a third row or location of double sided modular components in the wall structure;

66 Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner showing the double-sided modular building elements arranged in the wall structure for forming the third row;

67 Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner, illustrating the arrangement position of a fourth row or layer of double-sided modular building elements in the wall structure;

68 Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner, illustrating the double-sided modular building elements arranged in the wall structure for forming the fourth row;

69 Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements and including a 90 ° corner, illustrating the double-sided modular building elements arranged in the wall structure for forming the fifth row;

70 shows a perspective view of a double-sided upper Eckabschlusselements from above and from below;

70a shows a perspective view of the double-sided upper Eckabschlusselementes from above;

70b shows a perspective view of the double-sided upper Eckabschlusselements from below;

71 contains views of a double-sided upper corner termination element from above ( 71a ), from the front ( 71b ), of the page ( 71c ) and from behind ( 71d );

72 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall with 90 ° corner, representing the top row of the wall, in which no shallow conclusion is provided;

73 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall with 90 ° corner, representing the double-sided upper end elements and a double-sided Eckabschlusselement arranged in the top row of the wall and the arrangement position of a double-sided upper Eckabschlusselementes on the corresponding row;

74 shows a perspective view of an example of a retaining wall with 90 ° corner, representing double-sided upper end members, double-sided corner finishing elements and a double-sided upper Eckabschlusselement arranged in the upper row of the wall;

75 shows a perspective view of a curved double-sided main body element for forming a curved or circular wall according to the invention;

76 contains views of the curved double-sided main body element from above ( 76a ), from the front ( 76b ), of the page ( 76c ) and from behind ( 76d )

77 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an incomplete circular retaining wall constructed using bent double-sided main body members according to the invention;

78 shows a perspective view of an alternative double-sided main body element from the front and from the back;

78a show a perspective view of the alternative double-sided main body element from the front;

78b shows a perspective view of the alternative double-sided main body element from the rear;

79 shows an incomplete retaining wall comprising alternative double-sided main body elements;

80 shows a view of an incomplete retaining wall comprising alternative double-sided main body elements, illustrating another area of the wall;

81 shows a rear view of an incomplete retaining wall comprising alternative double-sided main body elements;

82 shows a perspective view of a third double-sided Eckumkehrelementes according to the invention;

83 contains views of the third double-sided corner reversal element from above, from the front, from the left, from the right and from behind;

84 shows a perspective view of a second double-sided Eckfundamentelementes according to the invention;

85 contains views of the second double-sided corner foundation element from above, from the front, from the side and from behind;

the 86 to 97 show schematic representations of construction method of a retaining wall with 90 ° corner by using third double-sided Eckumkehrelemente and second double-sided Eckfundamentelemente;

98 shows a perspective view of a second double-sided Eckfundamentelementes without reinforcing bars according to the invention;

99 contains views of the second double-sided corner foundation element without reinforcing bars from above, from the front, from left and from right and from behind;

100 shows a perspective view of a double-sided lower window opening element according to the invention;

101 includes views of the double-sided lower window opening element from above, from the front, from the side and from behind;

the 102 to 103 show perspective views of a double-sided tilting element;

the 104 contains views of the double-sided tilt element from above, from the front, from left and from right and from behind;

the 105 to 113 12 are schematic illustrations of an exemplary use of double-sided modular components of the present invention;

the 114 shows a schematic representation of an example of a curved or circular structure, formed using curved double-sided modular components.

Around the parts of the modular components of the present invention to Each part is numbered and printed in the accompanying drawings. The explanations These numbers are provided below:

Description of the invention

following are detailed Descriptions for Each of the modular components of the present invention, the used for building any structure such as a retaining wall or the like are provided along with the procedure for building this Structures of it is used.

• – Um in einer Stützmauer oder dergleichen Struktur mit einer flachen oder ebenen Oberfläche verwendet zu werden:
• – Hauptkörperelemente (1), Fundamentelemente (2), obere Abschlusselemente (3), Kantenabschlusselemente (4), Eckabschlusselemente (5), Eckbauelemente (40).
• – Um in einer Stützmauer oder dergleichen Struktur mit einer gebogenen oder kreisförmigen Gestalt verwendet zu werden:
• – Konkav gebogene Hauptkörperelemente (47) und konkav gebogene Fundamentelemente, konkav gebogene obere Abschlusselemente, konkav gebogene Kantenabschlusselemente, konkav gebogene Eckabschlusselemente, die mit dem konkav gebogenen Hauptkörperelement (47) kompatibel sind.
• – Konvex gebogene Hauptkörperelemente (56) und konvex gebogene Fundamentelemente, konvex gebogene obere Abschlusselemente, konvex gebogene Kantenabschlusselemente, konvex gebogene Eckabschlusselemente, die kompatibel mit dem konvex gebogenen Hauptkörperelement (56) sind.
• – Vertikal konvex gebogene Hauptkörperelemente (60) und vertikal konvex gebogene Fundamentelemente, vertikal konvex gebogene obere Abschlusselemente, vertikal konvex gebogene Kantenabschlusselemente, vertikal konvex gebogene Eckabschlusselemente, die mit dem vertikal konvex gebogenen Hauptkörperelement (60) kompatibel sind.
• – Vertikal konkav gebogene Hauptkörperelemente (61) und vertikal konkav gebogene Fundamentelemente, vertikal konkav gebogene obere Abschlusselemente, vertikal konkav gebogene Kantenabschlusselemente, vertikal konkav gebogene Eckabschlusselemente, die mit dem vertikal konkav gebogenen Hauptkörperelement (61) kompatibel sind.
• – Um in einer Pfeilerstruktur verwendet zu werden:
• – Pfeilerbauelemente (32).

The modular components of the present invention consist of the following elements:

• - To be used in a retaining wall or similar structure with a flat or even surface:
• - main body elements ( 1 ), Foundation elements ( 2 ), upper end elements ( 3 ), Edge termination elements ( 4 ), Corner finishing elements ( 5 ), Corner elements ( 40 ).
• To be used in a retaining wall or the like structure having a curved or circular shape:
• - concavely curved main body elements ( 47 ) and concavely curved foundation elements, concavely curved upper termination elements, concavely curved edge termination elements, concavely curved corner termination elements connected to the concavely curved main body element (FIG. 47 ) are compatible.
• Convex curved main body elements ( 56 ) and convexly curved foundation elements, convexly curved upper termination elements, convexly curved edge termination elements, convexly curved corner termination elements that are compatible with the convexly curved main body element ( 56 ) are.
• - Vertically convexly curved main body elements ( 60 and vertically convexly curved foundation elements, vertically convexly curved upper termination elements, vertically convexly curved edge termination elements, vertically convexly curved corner termination elements which are connected to the vertically convexly curved main body element (FIG. 60 ) are compatible.
• - Vertically concave curved main body elements ( 61 ) and vertical concave curved foundation elements, vertically concave curved upper termination elements, vertically concave curved edge termination elements, vertically concave curved corner termination elements, which are connected to the vertically concavely curved main body element (FIG. 61 ) are compatible.
• - To be used in a pillar structure:
• - pillar construction elements ( 32 ).

In the 1 is a perspective view of a main body element ( 1 ) that the essential component for forming the main structure is a retaining wall or the like. All other additional modular components are derived from the geometry of the main body element ( 1 ) derived. As in the 1 and 2 is shown, the main body element ( 1 ) right angular main block ( 6 ) and two rectangular pillars, namely the left pillar ( 7 ) and the right pillar ( 8th ) located above the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ) and separately on both sides of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) are arranged. Both the left pillar ( 7 ) as well as the right pillar ( 8th ) are perpendicular to the horizontal side of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ) and match with the vertical sides of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ) together. The total width of the left pillar ( 7 ) and the right pillar ( 8th ) is approximately equal to the width of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ). The height of the left pillar ( 7 ) or the right pillar ( 8th ) is longer than the height of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ) and can be at most twice as long as the height of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 ) be. If main body elements ( 1 ) are stacked on each other to form the retaining wall, they provide an exact fit to each other such that between the main body elements ( 1 ) no gap exists. When longitudinal and lateral forces are applied to the wall by the backfill material, the main body elements ( 1 ) Therefore, pressed together so that the required resistance forces are generated.

• – Die Länge der horizontalen Seite des rechteckigen Hauptblocks (6) ist zweimal länger als die der vertikalen Seite des rechteckigen Hauptblocks (6),
• – die Gesamtbreite von linkem Pfeiler (7) und rechtem Pfeiler (8) ist näherungsweise gleich der Breite der Vorderfläche des rechteckigen Hauptblocks (9),
• – die Höhe des linken Pfeilers (7) oder des rechten Pfeilers (8) ist näherungsweise gleich der Länge der horizontalen Seite des rechteckigen Hauptblocks (6),
• – die linke Seite (17) des linken Pfeilers liegt in gleicher Ebene mit der linken Seite (18) des rechteckigen Hauptblocks,
• – die rechte Seite (19) des rechten Pfeilers liegt in gleicher Ebene mit der rechten Seite (20) des rechteckigen Hauptblocks,
• – die obere Fläche (26) des linken Pfeilers des Hauptkörperelements liegt in gleicher Ebene wie die obere Fläche (27) des rechten Pfeilers des Hauptkörperelements und höher als die obere Fläche (30) des rechteckigen Hauptblocks,
• – die untere Fläche (28) des linken Pfeilers des Hauptkörperelements liegt in gleicher Ebene wie die untere Fläche (29) des rechten Pfeilers des Hauptkörperelements und niedriger als die untere Fläche (31) des rechteckigen Hauptblocks.

For the preferred applications of the main body element ( 1 ), the detailed geometric properties and proportional dimensions are described below: With the given geometry of the main body element (FIG. 1 ) more stable structures are to be generated.

• The length of the horizontal side of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) is twice longer than that of the vertical side of the rectangular main block ( 6 )
• - the total width of the left pillar ( 7 ) and right pillar ( 8th ) is approximately equal to the width of the front surface of the rectangular main block ( 9 )
• - the height of the left pillar ( 7 ) or the right pillar ( 8th ) is approximately equal to the length of the horizontal side of the rectangular main block ( 6 )
• - the left side ( 17 ) of the left pillar lies in the same plane as the left side ( 18 ) of the rectangular main block,
• - the right side ( 19 ) of the right pillar lies in the same plane as the right side ( 20 ) of the rectangular main block,
• - the upper surface ( 26 ) of the left pillar of the main body element lies in the same plane as the upper surface ( 27 ) of the right pillar of the main body element and higher than the upper surface (FIG. 30 ) of the rectangular main block,
• - the lower surface ( 28 ) of the left pillar of the main body element lies in the same plane as the lower surface ( 29 ) of the right pillar of the main body element and lower than the lower surface ( 31 ) of the rectangular main block.

Still referring to the 1 to 2 can the depth of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), the left pillar ( 7 ) and the right pillar ( 8th ), in other words, the width of the left side 18 of the main rectangle block, right side 20 of the main rectangle block, left side 17 of the left pillar, right side 19 the right pillar, intentionally enlarged or reduced, depending on the construction site or the ground conditions or the material from which the main body elements 1 are made.

In the 3 is a perspective view of a foundation element 2 which is used in the basis or justification of a retaining wall constructed by means of modular building elements according to the present invention. As in the 3 to 4 is shown, comprises the foundation element 2 an upper area 10 and a lower area 11 , The upper area 10 of the foundation element is integrated with the floor area 11 formed of the foundation element. The geometry of the upper area 10 is from the main body element 1 derived by, in a horizontal plane, a central section through the main body element 1 is taken as in the 2 B is shown with the section AA. The lower area 11 of the foundation element preferably comprises a rectangular shaped compact body and includes reinforcing bars 12 in the form of protrusions, preferably on the front and back surfaces of the lower region 11 of the foundation element are arranged. The reinforcing bars of the foundation element are used to support the foundation elements 2 in the underground 13 so as to ensure the stability of the wall to longitudinal or lateral forces exerted by the backfill material. The reinforcing bars 12 can be formed in different shapes and made with different materials, such as iron rods or welded wire.

In the 5 is a perspective view of an upper end element 3 shown used in the top row of the retaining wall. As in the 5 to 6 is shown, has the upper end element 3 the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions as the foundation element 2 , For advantageous applications of the upper end element 3 it is also possible to reinforce bars to the upper end element 3 in the same way as the foundation element 2 applied, so that it is possible, the upper portion of the retaining wall or any other structure having modular components according to the present invention, with a building or be to connect or secure any other structure. The 5 to 6 describe the upper end element 3 without using such a reinforcing bar structure. The main purpose of the upper end element 3 is to obtain a smooth or flat finish at the top of the wall or the like.

In the 7 to 8th is a perspective view of an edge termination element 4 shown used on the vertical edges of the wall, where cavities are formed between two successive rows of the wall. From the 18 can be seen that a retaining wall foundation elements 2 and a main body element 1 includes and includes cavities at both vertical edges where the edge structure ends. Edge finishing elements 4 may preferably be used to fill these cavities. The geometry of the edge termination element 4 is from the main body element 1 derived by a central section through the rectangular main block 6 of the main body element 1 is performed in a vertical plane, as in the 2 B is shown on the section BB.

In the 9 is a perspective view of a Eckabschlusselements 5 displayed at the top left or top right corner of the wall. As in the 9 to 10 is shown, is the geometry of the Eckabschlusselements 5 from the upper end element 3 derived by a central section through the upper end element 3 is done in a vertical plane, as in the 6b represented by the section CC. This vertical division of the upper end element 3 creates single left and right parts used as upper right corner and upper left corner, respectively. 9 refers to the division taken from the left side.

To prepare the base of a retaining wall, the subsoil becomes 13 preferably in the form of a trench to a depth slightly lower than the front soil level 13 dug, leaving the soil 14 or the backfill materials remain at the back of the trench. The 11 provides a perspective view of an exemplary background 13 a retaining wall, are placed over the modular components to form the wall.

In the 12 is a perspective view of foundation elements 2 shown side by side in the ground 13 are arranged so that the initial row of the retaining wall is formed. Preferably, the foundation elements 2 like that in the underground 13 arranged that the reinforcing bars 12 the foundation elements or their lower area 11 completely below the ground level 16 is buried. Another point that should be noted is that the back of the foundation elements 2 (shown in the 4d ) on the side of the soil 14 or the backfilling materials through which the load is applied to the wall. In other words, rows should be made of the foundation elements 2 be on the outer or empty side of the wall.

In the 13 is a perspective view of the ground 13 shown after the foundation elements 2 in the underground 13 are arranged. The last step in the preparation of the foundation is filling 15 for underground, such as compacted granular mortar or concrete, into the subsurface 13 poured, leaving the foundation elements 2 on the ground 13 are fastened to form the initial row of the wall. After completion, the base has such a shape that the level of the filler material 15 of the ground, preferably equal to the level of the front ground 16 is.

In the 14 Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall formed by use of main body elements 1 and edge termination elements 4 is built over the foundation elements 2 are arranged. The first main body elements 1 having row of the wall is on the foundation elements 2 piled up. Likewise, subsequent rows of main body elements become 2 layered on it. When the main body elements 1 be placed on top of each other, it should be noted that the back of the main body elements 1 (shown in 2d ) should be on the side, where the load through the soil 14 or the Rückfüllmaterialien is applied. Like in the 14 In addition, edge termination elements become 4 used to fill the cavities formed at the two opposite edges of the wall. Again, when arranging the edge termination elements 4 in the wall the back (shown in the 8e ) on the side where the load is applied. The 15 shows the arrangement position of the edge termination element 4 in the appropriate row of the wall.

In the 16 is a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall showing the arrangement position of the upper end elements 3 and the corner finishing elements 5 in the wall shows. The upper end elements 3 are used in the top row of the retaining wall to obtain a flat finish. As described above, the corner finishing elements become 5 used on the left and right corners of the top row of the wall, in turn, to get a flat finish. The backsides the upper end elements 3 and the corner finishing elements 5 (shown in the 6d respectively 10e ) should eventually be on the side of the backfill material from where the load is applied.

The 17 shows a perspective view of a completed retaining wall, which is constructed by the previously described modular components of the present invention.

In the 18 Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a retaining wall shown by the edge termination elements 4 , Corner finishing elements 5 and the upper end elements 3 are removed. In other words, it is also possible to have a retaining wall comprising only main body elements 1 and foundation elements 2 to build up as in the 18 is shown. In this way, the retaining wall can show a different aesthetic view without losing its stability and durability characteristics. Depending on the type or size of the load to be resisted, therefore, these types can be applied to different embodiments of the aforementioned modular components.

A back perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall comprising main body elements 1 is in the 19 whereas the front view in FIG 20 is shown.

As previously described and in the 11 to 20 As shown, the essential geometric characteristics of modular building elements of the present invention ensure the stability of the built structures in such a manner that the upper and lower portions of each pillar belonging to a single element engage through the frontal cavities of the modular building elements , which are located above or next to the element in question, and the lower surface of the right and left columns 28 . 29 and again the bottom surface of the rectangular main block 31 with the upper surfaces of the respective columns and rectangular main blocks in contact, which are just next to the element in question. The frontal cavities of the modular components of the present invention, that is, the frontal cavity of the main body member 21 , the frontal cavity of the foundation element 22 , the frontal cavity of the upper end element 23 , the frontal cavity of the edge termination element 24 and the frontal cavity of the Eckabschlusselements 25 are in the 2a . 4a . 6b . 8a respectively 10b shown.

In the 21 is a perspective view of a pillar device 32 shown used to a mortarless pillar structure 39 train. A perspective view of the pillar structure is in the 23 shown. As in the 21 to 22 is shown, has the pillar component 32 the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions as the main body element 1 , The main difference is that the pillar component 32 preferably at least one pin element 33 and a corresponding pin hole 34 has. To a pillar construction elements 32 having pillar structure 39 form, is first a pillar component 32 so arranged above the ground or a foundation that the front pillar surface 35 of the pillar component is parallel to the ground plane. All subsequent pillar components 32 stacked on top of each other around the pillar structure 39 form, are arranged in the same position. A pillar component 32 is placed on the other by turning it clockwise or counterclockwise by 90 ° so that the pillar components 32 the pillar structures 39 form, without a gap or gap between the pillar elements 32 to leave. In addition, it can be highlighted that in a pillar structure 39 the front surface 37 a rectangular main block of a pillar device the rear surface 38 the rectangular main block of a pillar device contacted, which lies underneath. Similarly, the pillar front surface contacts 35 a pillar component the pillar back surface 36 an underlying pillar component. To a lateral sliding of the pillar structure 39 to prevent and to obtain more stable structures, includes the pillar device 32 preferably at least one pin element 33 and the corresponding pin opening 34 , That to a pillar component 32 belonging pin element is in the corresponding pin opening of the subsequent pillar component 32 embedded. The important point here is that the pin element and the corresponding pin opening in the pillar construction elements 32 should be arranged so that they match each other exactly when they overlap. With this in mind, different alternative uses of the pin element can be developed. For example, the pin elements can be manufactured separately and during construction in the pillar construction elements 32 be used. It is also possible to have different ideas on the pillar structure 39 to resist acting lateral forces, so that the contact surfaces of the pillar elements 32 can be prefabricated with projections and recesses, which are formed instead of using a pin member having different shapes.

Around a pillar structure 39 as they are in the 23 It is obvious that in addition to a pillar construction ments 32 Main body components 1 Can be used when on the pillar structure 39 no lateral force is exerted.

In the 24 is a perspective view of a corner element 40 to provide a 90 ° turn in a retaining wall constructed with the aforementioned modular building elements of the present invention. As in the 24 to 25 is shown, comprises a corner component 40 a front surface block 41 , a left pillar 42 and a right pillar 43 , corner devices 40 connect the modular components in the corner area of the wall, so that any possible separation of the sides of the wall due to any longituinaler forces can be avoided. It should also be noted that by using the corner components 40 a smooth finish can be obtained in the corner area, which means that there are no gaps or gaps between the modular building elements.

Still referring to the 24 to 25 is the geometry of the corner component 40 from the two (in the 8th shown) edge termination elements 4 derived such that the first edge termination element 4 180 ° in the horizontal plane relative to the second edge termination element 4 is turned, the back 45 of the first edge termination element with the right side surface 44 the second edge finishing element mates and the rear surface 45 of the second edge termination element in the same plane as the left side 46 of the first edge termination element. Complementing each other should be the upper pillar surfaces 58 the two edge finishing elements and accordingly the lower pillar surfaces 59 the two edge finishing elements are in the same plane.

In the 26 is a perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall, showing the arrangement position of a corner component 40 in a wall structure shows. To build a wall with a 90 ° corner are the first foundation elements 2 in the underground 13 including a 90 ° turnaround point. The following are main body elements over the foundation elements 2 together with the corner components 40 suitably arranged stacked at the corner of the wall. Like in the 27 shown, can also upper end elements 3 and corner finishing elements 5 used in the top row of a retaining wall with a 90 ° corner to obtain a flat finish.

In the 28 FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a concave curved main body member. FIG 47 shown used to form a curved or circular retaining wall. Like in the 29 are the geometric properties of a concave curved main body element 47 characterized in that a main body element 1 in a plane that is aligned with the front surface 9 a rectangular main block covers, is twisted or bent, so that as a result the rear surface of the main body element 1 takes a concave shape, which is adapted to form curved or circular structures around a vertical plane perpendicular to the ground plane. In 30 FIG. 12 is a plan view of an appropriate arrangement position of a concavely curved main body member. FIG 47 to form a circular structure. Of the 30 can be seen that the back surface 48 of the concave curved main body member having an inner circle 52 covers, as well as the front surface 50 of the left pillar of the concave curved main body member and the front surface 51 the right pillar of the concave curved main body element with an outer circular arc 53 the wall structure covers. Similarly, the front surface coincides 49 of the concavely bent main body element with a DC arc 55 , The the inner circular arc 52 , the outer circular arc 53 and the intermediate arc 55 training circles have a common center. In addition, the in the 30 shown inner circle radius 54 equal to the radius of one in the 31 illustrated curved retaining wall structure.

In the 28 to 29 is the back surface 48 a concavely curved main body element in the form of a concave curved shape. The back surface 48 a concave curved main body member forms an inner circle or an inner surface of a circular retaining wall comprising concavely curved main body elements 47 out, like in the 31 is shown. The back surface 48 The concave-curved main body member may alternatively be formed and manufactured in the convex-curved shape. In the 32 Fig. 10 is a plan view of the arrangement position of a convexly curved main body element 56 shown in a circular wall structure. Like in the 32 are shown are the geometric properties of a convex curved main body element 56 characterized in that a main body element 1 in a plane that is aligned with the front surface 9 the rectangular main block covers, is twisted or bent, and the rear surface of the main body element 1 assumes a convexly curved shape capable of forming a curved or circular structure about a vertical axis perpendicular to the ground plane. In this case, the back surface forms 57 a convex curved main body member has an outer circular arc 53 a circular retaining wall comprising convexly curved main body elements 56 ,

In the 33 FIG. 12 is a side view of the arrangement position of a vertically convexly curved main body element. FIG 60 shown in a curved wall according to the invention. The vertically convexly curved main body element 60 is another form of modular construction according to the present invention that may be used to build a curved or circular retaining wall or the like. The geometric properties of a vertically convex curved main body element 60 are characterized in that a main body element 1 twisted or bent in a plane that lines up with the front surface 9 of the rectangular main block, and the pillar front surfaces of the main body element 1 assume a convexly curved shape capable of forming curved or circular structures about a horizontal axis parallel to the ground plane.

In the 34 FIG. 12 is a side view of the arrangement position of a vertical concave curved main body member. FIG 61 shown in a curved wall according to the invention. Similarly, the vertical concave bent main body element 61 another form of modular construction of the present invention and may be used to form a curved or circular retaining wall or the like. The geometric properties of a vertical concave curved main body element 61 are characterized in that a main body element 1 in a plane that is aligned with the front surface 9 the rectangular main block covers, is twisted or bent, and the pillar front surfaces of the main body element 1 take a concavely curved shape capable of forming a curved or circular structure about a horizontal axis parallel to the ground plane.

Depending on the conditions of the construction site, foundation elements may be used 2 like that in the underground 13 be arranged that the foundation elements 2 form an angle relative to the ground plane, so that inclined wall structures can be obtained. About the inclined foundation structure can modular components such as main body elements 1 , upper end elements 3 , Edge finishing elements 4 , Corner finishing elements 5 and corner components 40 layered on each other to complete the inclined wall structure.

As will be described herein, a concave curved main body element is used 47 used to build retaining walls of curved or circular shape. As advantageous embodiments of the modular components of the present invention, it is also possible to produce concavely curved foundation elements, concavely curved upper termination elements, concavely curved edge termination elements, and concavely curved corner termination elements associated with the concavely curved main body element 47 are compatible. Similarly, it is also possible to produce convexly curved foundation elements, convexly curved upper termination elements, convexly curved edge termination elements, and convexly curved corner termination elements that coincide with the convexly curved main body element 56 compatible, which is another form of modular components used to construct curved or circular structures.

As clarified above, a main body member bent vertically convex is 60 another form of modular construction according to the present invention, which in turn is capable of constructing curved or circular retaining walls. As advantageous applications of modular building elements according to the present invention, it is also possible to form vertically convexly curved foundation elements, vertically convexly curved upper termination elements, vertically convexly curved edge termination elements, and vertically convexly curved corner termination elements that are integral with the vertically convexly curved main body element 60 are compatible. Similarly, it is also possible to produce vertically concaved curved foundation members, vertically concave curved upper termination members, vertically concave bent edge termination members, and vertically concave corner termination members associated with the vertically concave curved main body member 61 compatible, which is another form of modular components used to construct curved or circular structures.

In Alternatively, you can projections and recesses formed in different geometric Shapes or any type of pin mechanisms (not shown) over the contact surfaces the modular components according to the present Be applied invention. When these are stacked, generate the projections and recesses along with the pin mechanisms an exact attachment or locking the modular components together, so that Structures comprising modular components even compared to the from the outside or the empty side applied forces resistant could be.

• – in einer Stützmauer oder dergleichen Struktur mit einer flachen oder ebenen Fläche verwendet zu werden, wie doppelseitige Hauptkörperelemente 101, doppelseitige Fundamentelemente 102, doppelseitige obere Abschlusselemente 103, doppelseitige Kantenabschlusselemente 104, doppelseitige Eckabschlusselemente 105, doppelseitige erste Eckumkehrelemente 140a, doppelseitige zweite Eckumkehrelemente 140b, doppelseitige Eckfundamentelemente, doppelseitige obere Eckabschlusselemente 243, alternative doppelseitige Hauptkörperelemente 301, doppelseitige dritte Eckumkehrelemente 310, doppelseitige zweite Eckfundamentelemente 320, doppelseitige zweite Eckfundamentelemente ohne Verstärkungsstangen 330, doppelseitige untere Fensteröffnungselemente 340, doppelseitiges Neigungselement 350;
• – um in einer Stützmauer oder der gleichen Struktur verwendet zu werden, die eine gebogene oder kreisförmige Gestalt besitzt wie gebogene doppelseitige Hauptkörperelemente 147 und gebogene doppelseitige modulare Bauelemente, die mit gebogenen doppelseitigen Hauptkörperelementen 147 kompatibel sind.

Modular components of the present invention also include the following modular parts in addition to the aforementioned modular components. The generic name given to these parts is double sided modular components. These parts are designed around:

• Be used in a retaining wall or the like structure with a flat or flat surface, such as double-sided main body elements 101 , double-sided foundation elements 102 , double-sided upper end elements 103 , double-sided edge finishing elements 104 , double-sided corner finishing elements 105 , double-sided first corner reversal elements 140a , double-sided second corner reversal elements 140b , double-sided corner foundation elements, double-sided top corner finishing elements 243 , alternative double-sided main body elements 301 , double-sided third corner reversal elements 310 , double-sided second corner foundation elements 320 , double-sided second corner foundation elements without reinforcing bars 330 , double-sided lower window opening elements 340 , double-sided inclination element 350 ;
• To be used in a retaining wall or the same structure having a curved or circular shape as curved double-sided main body elements 147 and curved double-sided modular components, with curved double-sided main body elements 147 are compatible.

As in the 35 to 77 is shown, double-sided modular components are formed in order to form wall structures that are resistant to forces exerted on both sides of the wall forces. In other words, any structure such as a retaining wall or the like comprising double-sided modular components has the property of being self-standing.

The geometric properties and proportional dimensions of the double-sided main body element 101 are like in the 35 to 36 is illustrated, characterized in that a second rectangular block is similar to the rectangular main block 6 of the main body element 1 namely, the front rectangular main block 106 , on the front surfaces of the left pillar 7 and the right pillar 8th of the main body element 1 is arranged, and the front main rectangular block 106 with the main body element 1 forms an integrated structure.

In the 37 to 38 is a double-sided foundation element 102 shown that in the establishment of a wall structure comprising double-sided main body element 101 used part is. The double-sided foundation element 102 includes an upper area 110 and a lower area 111 , The upper area 110 of the double-sided foundation element is in the lower area 111 incorporated the double-sided foundation element. The geometry of the upper area 110 the double-sided foundation element is of the double-sided main body element 101 derived by passing through the double-sided main body element 101 in a horizontal plane a central cut is taken, as in the 36b , Section DD is shown. The lower area 111 The double-sided foundation element preferably comprises a rectangular shaped compact body and includes reinforcing bars 112 in the form of protrusions, preferably on the front and back surfaces of the lower region 111 the double-sided foundation element are positioned. The reinforcing bars 112 of the double-sided foundation element are used to the double-sided foundation elements 102 in the underground so as to ensure the stability of the wall to lateral or longitudinal forces exerted by the backfill material. The reinforcing bars 112 The double-sided foundation member may be formed in different shapes and made by various materials such as iron bars or welded wire.

A like in the 39 to 40 illustrated double-sided upper end element 103 is used in the top row of a retaining wall. Still referring to the 39 to 40 has the double-sided upper end element 103 the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions as the double-sided foundation element 102 , For the preferred applications of the double-sided upper end member 103 It is possible, this reinforcing bars in the same manner as in the double-sided foundation element 102 applied, so that it is possible to secure the upper portion of a retaining wall or any other structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention to a building or any other structure or to connect with this. The 39 to 40 describe the double-sided upper end element 103 in such a way that the reinforcing bar structure is not applied. The main purpose of the double-sided upper end element 103 is to obtain a smooth or flat finish at the top of the retaining wall or the like.

In the 31 to 42 is a perspective view of a double-sided Kantenabschlusselements 104 which is used to fill the cavities formed at the vertical edges of the wall between two successive rows. A retaining wall comprising double-sided foundation elements 102 and double-sided main body elements 101 Contains cavities at both vertical edges where the wall structure ends. Preferably, double-sided edge termination elements 104 used to fill these cavities. The geometry of the double-sided edge termination element 104 is of the double-sided main body element 101 derived by making a central cut through the front rectangular main block 106 of the double-sided main body element 101 is taken in a vertical plane, as in the 36b is shown with the section EE.

In the 43 is a perspective view of a double-sided Eckabschlusselements 105 which is used at the upper left or upper right corner of a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention. As in the 43 to 44 is shown, is the geometry of the double-sided Eckabschlusselements 105 derived from the double-sided upper end element 103 by taking a central cut through the double-sided upper end member 103 in a vertical plane, like in the 40d represented by the section FF. This vertical division of the double-sided upper end element 103 creates left and right parts of the double-sided corner finishing element 105 which are symmetrical to each other and used in the upper left and upper right corner, respectively.

In the 45 to 54 Fig. 2 shows construction phases of an exemplary retaining wall structure using double-sided modular building elements, namely double-sided main body elements 101 , double-sided foundation elements 102 , double-sided upper end elements 103 , double-sided edge finishing elements 104 and double-sided corner finishing elements 105 , Such in the 45 to 54 Exemplary wall structure shown is resistant to forces exerted on both sides (front and back) on the wall structure. This means that backfill material can be applied to either side of the wall without destroying the overall stability of the structure.

Two individual double-sided corner termination elements are designed to be able to add a 90 ° corner structure to a retaining wall comprising double-sided modular building elements. The elements are one (in the 55 to 56 shown) double-sided first Eckumkehrelement 140a and one (in the 57 to 58 shown) double-sided second Eckumkehrelement 140b ,

Furthermore, a double-sided Eckfundamentelement 202 at the corner of the foundation structure comprising double-sided foundation elements 102 used with a 90 ° corner. The double-sided corner foundation element 202 is in the 59 to 60 shown.

The geometry of a double-sided first corner reversal element 140a that in the 55 to 56 is characterized in that a compact body is obtained when the inner cavity 124 of the double-sided edge termination element is filled and on this compact body of the lower pillar area 125 the double-sided edge termination element and the upper pillar region 126 of the double-sided edge termination element towards the center of this compact body.

The geometric appearance of a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b as it is in the 57 to 58 is similar to the geometry obtained by:
Matching the side surface of a substance obtained by arranging an opening instead of pier heads of the double-sided first corner reversing element 140a with the same cross-section as a pillar all the way through the body of the double-sided first corner reversal element 140a , with the side surfaces 127 of the double-sided edge termination element (shown in FIG 42 ) leading to a double sided edge termination element 104 Integrate or match these two substances with each other over the same level, creating the double-sided second corner reversal element 140d is obtained.

In the 59 to 60 is a perspective view of a double-sided Eckfundamentelementes 202 shown that the used at the corner of a foundation structure of a wall with double-sided modular components, so that a 90 ° corner of the wall structure can be added. The double-sided corner foundation element 202 includes an upper area 210 and a lower area 211 , The upper area 210 The double-sided corner foundation element is integrated with the lower area 211 formed of the double-sided foundation element. The geometry of the upper area 210 the double-sided corner foundation element is of the double-sided first corner reversal element 140a derived by a central section through the double-sided first corner reversal element 140a is taken in a horizontal plane, as in the 56b is shown on the basis of the section GG. The lower area 211 The double-sided corner foundation element preferably comprises a rectangular or square-shaped compact body and includes reinforcing bars 212 in the form of protrusions, preferably on the front and side surfaces of the lower region 211 the double-sided corner foundation element are positioned. The reinforcing bars 212 The double-sided corner foundation element is used to secure it to the ground so as to ensure the stability or strength of the wall. The reinforcing bars 212 the double-sided corner foundation element can be formed in different shapes and by unterschiedli materials such as iron bars or welded wire, depending on the conditions of the worksite or the ground.

In the 61 to 69 Construction phases of an exemplary retaining wall structure with a 90 ° corner are shown. As in the 61 to 62 is shown, the first or beginning row of a wall structure with a 90 ° corner comprises double-sided foundation elements 102 which are arranged side by side the entire way in both directions, as well as a double-sided corner foundation element 202 which is arranged in the corner. In the second row of the wall, the construction of the first page begins with double-sided main body elements 101 , which are arranged side by side until the end edge of the wall is reached, where a double-sided edge finishing element 104 is used. On the other hand, the construction begins with a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b which is located at the corner and is by means of double-sided main body elements 101 continued. The modular components used to form the second row are shown in FIGS 63 to 64 shown. The third row of a 90 ° corner wall comprises a double-sided first corner reversal element 140a and double-sided main body elements 101 which are arranged side by side in both directions of the wall. The modular components used to form the third row are shown in FIGS 65 to 66 shown. In the fourth row, the construction of the first page begins with a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b , arranged in the corner, and is by means of double-sided main body elements 101 continued until the end edge is reached. On the other hand, the structure begins with a double-sided edge termination element 104 and is by means of double-sided main body elements 101 continued. The modular components used to form the fourth row are shown in FIGS 67 to 68 shown. The fifth row of a 90 ° corner wall finally includes, as in the 69 is shown, a double-sided first Eckumkehrelement 140a arranged in the corner and double-sided main body elements 101 arranged side by side in both directions of the wall in the same way as this is the case in the first or the third row. Again referring to the 61 to 69 For example, the height of a retaining wall structure including a 90 ° corner can be increased by the method described above.

In the 70 is a perspective view of a double-sided upper end element 243 viewed from above and below. Also, in the 71 Views of a double-sided upper corner finishing element 243 from the top, from the front, from the side and from behind. Still referring to the 70 to 71 is a double-sided upper corner finishing element 243 Located in the top corner of a 90 ° corner wall, it is used to create a flat or smooth finish in this location. The geometric appearance of a double-sided upper corner finishing element 243 is similar to that of a substance obtained by removing one of the pillar heads of a double-sided second corner reversal element 141 leading to a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b (shown in 58 ), where body cavities 142 of the double-sided second corner reversal element on the side at which the pier head is removed, in such a manner that the depth of the body cavities 142 the double-sided second corner reversal element is at least equal to the height of pier heads of double-sided modular building elements of the present invention.

In the 72 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an exemplary retaining wall with a 90 ° corner showing the state of the topmost row in which a shallow finish is not applied. In the 73 is shown a perspective view of the same wall structure, with double-sided upper end elements 103 and double-sided corner finishing elements 105 are arranged in the top row and the arrangement position of the double-sided upper Eckabschlusselements 243 is shown. In the 74 Figure 3 is a perspective view of an exemplary retaining wall having a 90 ° corner, with double-sided upper end members 103 , double-sided corner finishing elements 105 and a double-sided upper corner termination element 243 are arranged in the top row, so that a shallow conclusion is obtained.

In the 75 Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a bent double-sided main body element 147 shown used to form a curved or circular retaining wall according to the invention. Like in the 76 are the geometric characteristics of a bent double-sided main body element 147 characterized in that a double-sided main body element 101 in a plane that aligns with the front rectangular main block 106 covers or is parallel to this, twisted or bent, so that as a result the double-sided main body element 101 one around a vertical axis, which is perpendicular to the ground plane assumes a curved shape. In the 77 Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an incomplete circular retaining wall formed using bent double-sided main body elements 147 constructed according to the invention.

In addition, in order to form circular or curved structures, it is preferably possible to use curved double-sided modular building elements to produce any of the aforementioned double-sided modular components associated with the bent double-sided main body member 147 are compatible. Thus, by using these bent double-sided modular components, concavely or convexly curved structures can be arranged about a vertical axis perpendicular to the base as in FIG 77 as well as being built around a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane. In addition, it is also possible to form circular or curved wall structures around an axis which forms an arbitrary angle relative to the ground plane.

The geometric properties of curved double-sided modular building elements, with the bent double-sided main body element 147 are compatible, namely a double-sided foundation element 102 , a double-sided upper end element 103 , a double-sided edge termination element 104 , a double-sided Eckabschlusselements 105 , a double-sided first corner reversal element 140a , a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b , a double-sided corner foundation element 202 and a double-sided upper corner termination element 243 are characterized in that the aforementioned modular components are bent or twisted in a plane coincident with the front surface of the element or a plane parallel thereto, and that bent double-sided modular elements are obtained about a vertical axis perpendicular to the ground plane become. For all bent double-sided modular building elements, the bend shape (concave or convex) or direction (longitudinal or lateral) may vary depending on design considerations or site requirements.

In the 78 is an alternative double-sided main body element 301 by arranging a diamond-shaped block instead of the front rectangular main block 106 is obtained. A front perspective view of an incomplete retaining wall structure comprising alternative double-sided main body elements 301 is in the 79 to 80 shown, the rear perspective view is in the 81 shown. In one in the 79 to 81 As shown, it is obviously possible to use alternative double-sided modular components associated with the alternative double-sided main body member 301 are compatible. An enormous variety of geometric shapes can be used, as well as a diamond-like shape for the front main rectangular block 106 of the double-sided main body element 101 (or the main rectangle block 6 a main body element ( 1 )). Furthermore, the main rectangular block 6 or the front main rectangle block 106 be designed such that it includes openings for the drainage of groundwater or protrusions and recesses for aesthetic purposes.

A retaining wall structure with a 90 ° corner created by using a double-sided corner foundation element 2 , a double-sided first corner reversal element 140a and a double-sided edge termination element 104 is constructed (the construction process is in the 62 to 59 shown), relatively weak areas 305 include, as in the 69 is shown. These weakened areas 305 may cause a drop in wall thickness at the vertex. To eliminate this problem, instead of using the aforementioned elements 202 . 140a . 104 a double-sided third corner reversal element 310 (shown in 82 ) and a double-sided second corner foundation element 320 (shown in 84 ) be used. As a result, the relatively weak areas 305 removed from the 90 ° corner of a retaining wall structure. This alternative construction method of a 90 ° corner comprising elements 310 and 320 , is in the 86 to 97 shown.

In the 82 is a perspective view of a double-sided third Eckumkehrelements 310 shown. Supervisors are in the 83 intended. The geometric properties of a double-sided third corner reversal element 310 are characterized in that the outer cavity of the double-sided second Eckumkehrelements 142 is filled and over this filled area pier heads 311 are arranged on the upper and the lower side, which have the same cross-section as the pillar heads of the double-sided second Eckumkehrelements 141 exhibit.

In the 84 is a perspective view of a double-sided second corner footing element 320 shown. Supervisors are in the 85 intended. The double-sided second corner foundation element 320 is an element used at a corner of the foundation of a wall structure including a 90 ° corner. The purpose of using this element is the relatively weak areas 305 (shown in the 69 ) to eliminate from the wall structure. The double-sided second corner foundation element 320 includes an upper area 320 and a lower area 321 , The upper area 322 is with the bottom area 321 connected to the double-sided second corner foundation element. The geometry of the upper area 320 is from the double-sided third corner reversal element 310 derived by placing in a horizontal plane a central section through the front block of it's double-sided third corner reversal element 316 is performed as in the 83b in section HH is shown. The floor area 321 The double-sided second corner foundation member preferably includes a rectangular-shaped compact body and includes reinforcing bars 325 for the double-sided second corner foundation element in the form of protrusions, preferably on the front and rear surfaces of the bottom area of the double-sided second corner foundation element 320 are arranged. The reinforcing bars 325 are used to secure the double-sided corner foundation element 320 used in the underground so that the stability or strength of the wall is ensured. The reinforcing bars 325 can be configured in various forms and made with different materials, such as iron rods or welding wire, depending on the building site or the substrate conditions.

The construction technique of a 90 ° corner comprising double-sided third corner reversal elements 310 and a double-sided second corner foundation element 320 is in the 86 to 97 shown. It can be seen that with this technique the weakened areas 305 are eliminated.

Still referring to the 86 and 87 , is the initial row of a retaining wall with 90 ° corner by arranging double-sided foundation elements 102 Side by side and a double-sided second corner foundation element 320 built on the corner. In the second row of the wall is a double-sided second corner reversal element 140b arranged in the corner and double-sided main body elements 101 Arranged side by side in both directions of the wall, as in the 88 to 89 is shown. In the construction of the third row, a double-sided third corner reversal element is first 310 arranged at the corner. Double-sided main body elements 101 are arranged side by side in the same way as in the second row. The construction of the third row is in the 90 to 91 shown. In the 92 to 97 the construction technique of the following series is shown. In summary, the double-sided second corner reversal element 140b and the double-sided third corner reversal element 310 used hereinafter and double-sided main body elements 101 arranged next to these elements in the direction of both directions of the wall. In the 97 a finished wall is shown. As previously explained, double-sided edge termination elements are used 104 , double-sided corner finishing elements 105 , double-sided upper end elements 103 and double-sided upper corner finishing elements 243 used to get a smooth finish on the closing sides of the wall.

In the 98 is a perspective view of a double-sided second corner footing element 330 shown without reinforcing bars. Supervisors are in the 99 intended. The geometric properties of a double-sided second corner foundation element 330 without reinforcing bars similar to the upper portion of the double-sided second corner foundation element 322 , The element 330 is again used at the corner of the foundation structure of a 90 ° corner wall where reinforcement is not possible or necessary.

In the 100 FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a double-sided lower window opening member. FIG 340 shown. Supervisors are in the 101 intended.

The double-sided lower window opening element 340 is used on the lower sides of clear openings, such as windows or doors, which may be formed in a wall structure comprising double-sided modular building elements of the present invention. The geometric properties of a double-sided lower window opening element 340 same as those of the double-sided upper end member 103 , the only difference is that the inner cavity of the double-sided upper end element 341 (in the 40a shown) runs along the body of the element.

In the 102 to 103 Figures are perspective views of a double sided tilt member 305 shown. Supervisors are in the 104 intended. A double-sided inclination element 350 is used to achieve a sloping finish in a wall structure so that some particular applications may be possible, such as obtaining a roof structure or inclined termination of the top of door or window openings. The geometry of a double-sided tilt element 350 is obtained by making a cut preferably from the lower right corner of a front main rectangular block 106 a double-sided main body element 101 to the center of the upper side of the main rectangle block 106 is taken over an inclined horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the front main rectangular block 106 is like in the 36b is shown with section II.

In the 105 to 113 an exemplary use of double-sided modular components of the present invention is illustrated. The 105 provides a foundation structure comprising double-sided foundation elements 102 and double-sided second corner foundation elements 320 Above this foundation structure are the placement positions of the other double-sided modular components, such as 101 . 104 . 140b . 310 and 340 , in the 106 to 107 shown. Similarly, the show 108 to 110 the arrangement position of double-sided tilting levers instruments 350 over the window and door openings. In the 111 to 130 Finally, the arrangement positions of double-sided tilt elements are again 350 to obtain a roof structure.

In the 114 FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an exemplary bent structure including bent double-sided main body elements. FIG 147 shown. Obviously, it is also possible to give all other double-sided modular components curved shapes to structures similar to those in the 114 to build shown.

• – In Abhängigkeit von den Anforderungen des Bauplatzes können Fundamentelemente 2, 102 derart in dem Untergrund 13 angeordnet sein, dass sie relativ zur Bodenebene einen Winkel ausbilden, so dass geneigte Mauerstrukturen erhalten werden können. Über dieser geneigten Fundamentstruktur können andere entsprechende modulare Bauelemente übereinander geschichtet werden, um die geneigte Mauerstruktur zu vervollständigen.
• – Jede Struktur wie Stützmauern und dergleichen umfassend modulare Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung können erfolgreich genutzt werden, um eine große Vielzahl von Rückfüllmaterialien einschließlich Erdreich, Baulasten, die zu einer Struktur gehören, oder sogar Flüssigkeiten gegen Gleiten, Rutschen oder Strömen zu sichern. Bei Anwendungen, in denen Flüssigkeiten gesichert werden müssen, kann die innere Fläche der Mauer vorzugsweise mit einem elastischen Beschichtungsmaterial in einer solchen Weise beschichtet sein, dass das Beschichtungsmaterial zwischen der Mauerfläche und der Flüssigkeit liegt, so dass Lecks verhindert werden können.
• – Abhängig von den Merkmalen der Kräfte, denen zu widerstehen ist, dem Material, aus dem die Elemente bestehen, oder den Nutzungsbedingungen können die modularen Bauelemente in unterschiedlichen Formen wie Hohlkörpern oder hohle Strukturen beinhaltend hergestellt sein. Durch Anwenden dieser alternativen Formen bei den modularen Bauelementen können offensichtlich wünschenswerte Reduzierungen der genutzten Materialmenge erzielt werden, so dass das Gesamtgewicht der Elemente und die Gesamtkosten der Herstellung verringert werden. Die modularen Bauelemente können außerdem mit Beton, in dem Verstärkungsmaterialien wie Eisenstäbe oder Schweißdraht verwendet werden, hergestellt sein. Des Weiteren ist es außerdem möglich, die modularen Bauelemente mit gephasten Kanten anstelle von scharfen Kanten herzustellen, um das Stapeln der modularen Bauelemente aufeinander während des Baus zu erleichtern.
• – In alternativer Weise können Vorsprünge und Ausnehmungen in verschiedenen geometrischen Formen ausgebildet und an den Kontaktflächen der modularen Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen sein. Anders ausgedrückt können der vordere Hauptrechteckblock 106 oder die oberen und unteren Flächen des Hauptrechteckblocks 6 derart ausgebildet sein, dass diese Flächen Vorsprünge und Ausnehmungen in linearer oder gebogener Form beinhalten. Diese Vorsprünge und Ausnehmungen bilden folglich, wenn sie übereinander angeordnet sind, in der Form von männlich-weiblichen Verbindungen eine exakte Befestigung oder Verriegelung der modularen Bauelemente miteinander aus, so dass stabilere Strukturen hergestellt werden können.
• – Durch die Verwendung der modularen Bauelemente der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es zusätzlich außerdem möglich, Mauern oder Strukturen zu dekorativen Zwecken herzustellen. Auf die Vorderflächen der Elemente können verschiedene Texturen und Farben angebracht werden, so dass ein besseres dekoratives und ästhetisches Erscheinungsbild erhalten werden kann.

All of the modular components of the present invention described herein can not only be used for constructing a retaining wall or the like structure, but it is also possible to manufacture them in miniaturized form and to use them as construction toys or model building elements. Furthermore, all of the previously described modular components also have the following characteristics and attributes:

• - Depending on the requirements of the construction site, foundation elements 2 . 102 like that in the underground 13 be arranged so that they form an angle relative to the ground plane, so that inclined wall structures can be obtained. Above this inclined foundation structure, other corresponding modular building elements can be stacked on each other to complete the inclined wall structure.
• Any structure such as retaining walls and the like comprising modular components of the present invention can be successfully used to secure a wide variety of backfill materials, including soil, building loads associated with a structure, or even fluids against sliding, sliding or flowing. In applications where liquids must be secured, the inner surface of the wall may preferably be coated with a resilient coating material in such a manner that the coating material is between the wall surface and the liquid so that leaks can be prevented.
• Depending on the characteristics of the forces to be resisted, the material of which the elements consist or the conditions of use, the modular components may be made in different shapes including hollow bodies or hollow structures. By applying these alternative shapes to the modular devices, obviously desirable reductions in the amount of material used can be achieved, thereby reducing the overall weight of the elements and the overall cost of manufacturing. The modular components can also be made with concrete using reinforcing materials such as iron rods or welding wire. Furthermore, it is also possible to fabricate the modular components with phased edges rather than sharp edges to facilitate stacking of the modular components together during construction.
• Alternatively, projections and recesses may be formed in various geometric shapes and provided on the contact surfaces of the modular components of the present invention. In other words, the front main rectangular block 106 or the top and bottom surfaces of the main rectangle block 6 be formed such that these surfaces include projections and recesses in linear or curved shape. Thus, these projections and recesses, when stacked together, in the form of male-female connections form an exact attachment or interlocking of the modular components with each other so that more stable structures can be made.
• In addition, by using the modular components of the present invention, it is also possible to make walls or structures for decorative purposes. Different textures and colors can be applied to the front surfaces of the elements, so that a better decorative and aesthetic appearance can be obtained.

It is therefore assumed that the geometric and physical Characteristics of the modular components of the present invention and the recommended methods for their construction from the preceding description emerge. It should be noted, however, that the as Preferably, the above descriptions are not necessarily marked limit the scope of the present invention. All changes and modifications of the geometry or shape of the modular components the present invention as well as the materials from which the elements are made, and the construction process of previously mentioned Structures like retaining walls, Pillar structures and the like, should be within the range of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

1

Main body member

2

foundation member

3

upper termination element

4

Edge sealing element

5

Eckabschlusselement

6

Rectangular main block

7

left pier

8th

right pier

9

Front surface of the rectangular main block

10

Oberer Area of the foundation element

11

lower Area of the foundation element

12

Reinforcing bars of the foundation element

13

underground

14

soil

15

filling material of the underground

16

front basic level

17

left Side of the left pillar

18

left Side of the rectangular main block

19

right Side of the right pillar

20

right Side of the rectangular main block

21

front Cavity of the main body element

22

front Cavity of the foundation element

23

front Cavity of the upper end element

24

front Cavity of the edge termination element

25

front Cavity of the Eckabschlusselements

26

Upper Side of the left pillar of the main body element

27

Upper Side of the right pillar of the main element

28

bottom the left pillar of the main element

29

bottom the right pillar of the main body element

30

top of the rectangular main block

31

bottom of the rectangular main block

32

column building element

33

pen of the pillar component

34

corresponding Pin hole of the pillar component

35

Pillar front surface of the column building element

36

Pillar back of the column building element

37

front the rectangular main block of the pillar component

38

back the rectangular main block of the pillar component

39

pillar structure

40

Eckbauelement

41

Front surface block of the corner component

42

left Pillar of the corner element

43

right Pillar of the corner element

44

right Side of the edge termination element

45

right area of the edge termination element

46

left Side of the edge termination element

47

Concave curved main body element

48

Rear surface of the concave curved main body element

49

Front surface of the concave curved main body element

50

Front surface of the left pillar of the concave curved main body element

51

Front surface of the right pillar of the concave curved main body element

52

inner arc

53

Outer circular arc

54

inner circle radius

55

Between arc

56

Convex curved main body element

57

Rear surface of the convex curved main body element

58

Upper pillar area of the edge termination element

59

Pillar lower surface of the Edge finishing element

60

Vertical convex curved main body element

61

Vertical concave curved main body element

101

double-sided Main body member

102

double-sided foundation member

103

double-sided upper end element

104

double-sided Edge sealing element

105

double-sided Eckabschlusselement

106

front rectangular main block

110

Oberer Area of a double-sided foundation element

111

lower Area of a double-sided foundation element

112

Reinforcing bars of a double-sided foundation element

124

inner Cavity of a double-sided edge termination element

125

lower Pillar area of a double-sided edge termination element

126

Oberer Pillar area of a double-sided edge termination element

127

Side surfaces of a double-sided edge termination element

140a

double-sided first corner reversal element

140b

double-sided second corner reversal element

141

Pier heads of one double-sided second corner reversal element

142

Body cavities of a double-sided second corner reversal element

147

bent double-sided main body element

202

double-sided corner footing element

210

Oberer Area of a double-sided corner foundation element

211

lower Area of a double-sided corner foundation element

212

Reinforcing bars of a double-sided corner foundation element

243

double-sided upper corner termination element

301

alternatives double-sided main body element

305

Relative weakened areas

310

double-sided third corner reversal element

311

pier a double-sided third corner reversal element

316

front block a double-sided third corner reversal element

320

double-sided second corner foundation element

321

lower Area of a double-sided second corner foundation element

322

Oberer Area of a double-sided second corner foundation element

325

Reinforcing bars of a double-sided second corner foundation element

330

double-sided second corner foundation element without reinforcing bars

340

double-sided lower window opening element

341

intermediate cavity a double-sided upper end element

350

double-sided inclining member

• Section A-Aa: Central section of a main body element ( 1 ) in a horizontal plane
• Section BB: Central section of a main body element ( 1 ) in the vertical plane
• Section CC: Central section of an upper end element ( 3 ) in the vertical plane
• Section DD: Central section of a double-sided main body element ( 101 ) in a horizontal plane
• Section EE: Central section of a double-sided main body element ( 101 ) in the vertical plane
• Section FF: Central section of a double-sided upper end element ( 103 ) in the vertical plane
• Section GG: Central section of a double-sided first corner reversal element ( 140a ) in a horizontal plane
• Section HH: Central section of a front block ( 316 ) of a double-sided third Eckumkehrlements ( 310 ) in a horizontal plane
• Section II: A section of a front rectangular main block ( 106 ), a double-sided main body element ( 101 ) across the lower right corner to the central point of the upper side of the rectangular main block ( 106 ).

Claims (54)

A set of modular building elements for erecting a mortarless vertical wall or similar structure, the wall being capable of being repaired by replacing only the broken or damaged elements, the height or length of the wall being either shortened or lengthened if necessary Location of the wall by dismantling its elements ( 1 ), wherein each of the modular components has at least one main body element ( 1 ) comprising a rectangular main block ( 6 ) with a front surface ( 9 ) and two rectangular pillars, namely a left pillar ( 7 ) and a right pillar ( 8th ), with both the left pillar ( 7 ) as well as the right pillar ( 8th ) at right angles to the horizontal side of the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) and with the vertical sides of the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), the total width of the left pillar ( 7 ) and the right pillar ( 8th ) approximately the width of the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), the height of the left pillar ( 7 ) or the right pillar ( 8th ) greater than the height of the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) and at best twice longer than the height of the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), characterized in that the pillars ( 7 . 8th ) above the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) and separated on both vertical sides of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) are arranged. Set of modular components according to claim 1, wherein the exact geometrical properties and proportional dimensions of the main body element ( 1 ) are such that the length of the horizontal side of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) is twice as long as its vertical side, the height of the left pillar ( 7 ) or the right pillar ( 8th ) approximately the length of the horizontal side of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), the left side ( 17 ) of the left pillar is on the same level as the left side ( 18 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), the right side ( 19 ) of the right pillar is on the same level as the right side ( 20 ) of the rectangular main block ( 20 ), the upper surface ( 26 ) of the left pillar of the main block is on an even plane with the upper surface ( 27 ) of the right pillar of the main block and higher than the upper surface ( 30 ) of the rectangular main block, and the lower surface ( 28 ) of the left pillar of the main block is on an even plane with the lower surface ( 29 ) of the right pillar of the main block and lower than the lower face ( 31 ) of the rectangular main block. Set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one foundation element ( 2 ), comprising an upper area ( 10 ), which consists of the main body element ( 1 by making a central cut (AA) through the main body element (FIG. 1 ) in a horizontal plane, a lower area ( 11 ), which consists of a compact rectangular body, the upper area ( 10 ) and the lower area ( 11 ) of the foundation element ( 2 ) are interconnected. Set of modular components according to claim 3, wherein the lower region ( 11 ) of the foundation element ( 2 ) Foundation reinforcement bars ( 12 ) which is used to secure the foundation element ( 2 ) opposite the ground ( 13 ) to guarantee the stability of the wall. Set of modular components according to claim 4, wherein the foundation reinforcement rods ( 12 ) are formed in the form of projections, which preferably at the front and rear surfaces of the lower region ( 11 ) of the foundation element ( 2 ) and wherein these foundation reinforcing rods ( 12 ) consist of industrial materials such as iron rods or welding wires. A set of modular components according to claim 3, further comprising at least one upper terminating element ( 3 ), having the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions with respect to the foundation element ( 2 ). Set of modular components according to claim 6, wherein on the upper end element ( 3 ) Reinforcing bars ( 12 ) can be attached to the upper portion of the wall in the same way as before in the foundation element ( 2 ) to be attached or anchored to a building or other structure. Set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one edge termination element ( 4 ), which consists of the main body element ( 1 by making a central cut (BB) through the rectangular main block (FIG. 6 ) of the main body element ( 1 ) is obtained in a vertical plane. Set of modular components according to claim 6, further comprising at least one corner element ( 5 ) coming from the upper end element ( 3 ) is obtained by a central section (CC) through the upper end element ( 3 ) is carried out in a vertical plane, whereby by this vertical division of the upper end element ( 3 ) individual left and right parts are generated, which are used as left upper corner element or as a right upper corner element of the retaining wall. Set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one pillar component ( 32 ) with the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions with respect to the main body element ( 1 ), the only difference being that the pillar component ( 32 ) at least one pin element ( 33 ) and at least one corresponding opening ( 34 ), wherein the pillar construction elements ( 32 ) for the construction of a mortarless pillar structure ( 39 ) can be used. Set of modular components according to claim 10, wherein the pin element ( 33 ) an integral part of the pillar component ( 32 ) trains. Set of modular components according to claim 10, wherein the pin element ( 33 ) is manufactured as a separate part and during the construction of the pillar component ( 32 ) can be attached. Set of modular components according to claim 8, further comprising at least one corner component ( 40 ), which geometrically consists of two edge finishing elements ( 4 ) can be obtained by the first edge finishing element ( 4 ) is rotated 180 degrees in a horizontal plane, the rear surface ( 45 ) of the first edge termination element ( 4 ) with the right side surface ( 44 ) of the second edge termination element ( 4 ), the rear surface ( 45 ) of the second edge termination element ( 4 ) in the same plane as the left side ( 46 ) of the first edge termination element ( 4 ), and the upper pillar surfaces ( 58 ) or the lower pillar surfaces ( 59 ) of both edge termination elements ( 4 ) are on the same level. A set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one concavely curved main body element ( 47 ) caused by twisting or bending the main body element ( 1 ) is obtained in a plane aligned with the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), therefore, therefore, the rear surface of the main body element ( 1 ) assumes a concave shape about a vertical axis that is at right angles to the ground plane. A set of modular components according to claim 14, wherein a rear surface ( 48 ) of the concave curved main body element ( 47 ) with an inner arc ( 52 ) of a concavely curved wall structure, the front surface ( 50 ) of the left pillar of the concavely curved main body element ( 47 ) and the front surface ( 51 ) of the right pillar of the concavely curved main body element ( 47 ) with an outer arc ( 53 ), the front surface ( 49 ) of the concave curved main body element ( 47 ) with a middle circular arc ( 55 ) and that the inner arc ( 52 ), the outer circular arc ( 53 ) and the interleaf sheet ( 55 ) forming circles have the same center. Set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one convex curved main body element ( 56 ) caused by twisting or bending the main body element ( 1 ) is obtained in a plane aligned with the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), therefore, therefore, the rear surface of the main body element ( 1 ) assumes a convex shape about a vertical axis which is at right angles to the ground plane. A set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one vertically convexly curved main body element ( 60 ) caused by twisting or bending the main body element ( 1 ) is obtained in a plane aligned with the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), therefore, therefore, the pillars leading surfaces of the main body element ( 1 ) assumes a convex shape about a horizontal axis which is parallel to the ground plane. A set of modular components according to claim 1, further comprising at least one vertical concave bent main body member ( 61 ) caused by twisting or bending the main body element ( 1 ) is obtained in a plane aligned with the front surface ( 9 ) of the rectangular main block ( 6 ), therefore, therefore, the pillars leading surfaces of the main body element ( 1 ) assumes a concave shape about a horizontal axis that is parallel to the ground plane. Set of modular components according to claims 14, 16, 17, 18, wherein the curved body elements ( 47 . 56 . 60 respectively. 61 ) in the wall to obtain circular or curved wall structures. Set of modular components according to claim 2, further comprising at least one additional element, wherein the additional element is a double-sided main body element ( 101 ) by arranging a front rectangular main block ( 106 ), which has similar geometric properties as the rectangular main block ( 6 ) of the main body element ( 1 ), opposite the front surfaces of the left pillar ( 7 ) and the right pillar ( 8th ) of the main body element ( 1 ), the front rectangular main block ( 106 ) with the main body element ( 1 ) forms a one-piece structure. A set of modular components according to claim 20, further comprising at least one double-sided foundation element ( 102 ), comprising an upper area ( 110 ) obtained from the double-sided main body element ( 101 ) by making a central cut (DD) through the double-sided main body element (FIG. 101 ) is performed in a horizontal plane, a lower area ( 111 ), comprising a rectangular compact body, wherein the upper area ( 110 ) and the lower area ( 111 ) of the double-sided foundation element ( 102 ) are interconnected. A set of modular components according to claim 21, wherein the lower region ( 111 ) of the double-sided foundation element ( 102 ) Foundation element reinforcing rods ( 112 ) to the double-sided foundation element ( 102 ) on the ground ( 13 ), so that the stability of the wall is guaranteed. A set of modular components according to claim 22, wherein the reinforcing rods ( 112 ) of the double-sided foundation element in the form of projections which are preferably formed on front and rear surfaces of the lower region ( 111 ) of the double-sided foundation element ( 102 ), wherein the reinforcing bars of the double-sided foundation element ( 112 ) consist of industrial materials such as iron rods or welding wire. The set of modular components according to claim 21, further comprising at least one double-sided upper terminating element ( 103 ) having the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions with respect to the double-sided foundation element ( 102 ) owns. A set of modular components according to claim 24, wherein reinforcing rods ( 112 ) on the double-sided upper end element ( 103 ) can be attached to connect or attach the upper portion of the retaining wall to a building or other structure, in the same manner as for the double-sided foundation element (FIG. 102 ) applied. The set of modular components according to claim 20, further comprising at least one double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ) consisting of the double-sided main body element ( 101 by making a central cut (EE) through the front rectangular main block (FIG. 106 ) of the double-sided main body element ( 101 ) is obtained in a vertical plane. Set of modular components according to claim 24, further comprising at least one double-sided corner finishing element ( 105 ), which consists of the double-sided upper end element ( 103 ) is obtained by a central cut (FF) through the double-sided upper end element (FIG. 103 ) is carried out in a vertical plane, whereby this vertical division of the double-sided upper terminating element ( 103 ) individual left and right parts are generated. The set of modular components according to claim 26, further comprising at least a first double-sided corner reversal element ( 140a ) resulting from the geometry of the double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ) is created by an internal cavity ( 124 ) of the double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ) and wherein after filling the inner cavity a compact body is obtained, and over this compact body the lower pillar area ( 125 ) of the double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ) and the upper pillar area ( 126 ) of the double-sided edge termination element ( 126 ) in the direction of the center of the compact body. A set of modular components according to claim 28, further comprising at least one second double sided corner reversal element (10). 140b ), which is formed by the side surface, which is created by arranging a hole of the same cross section as the pillars in place of the pier heads of the first double-sided corner reversal element (FIG. 140a ) over the entire body length of the first double-sided corner reversal element ( 140a ) with the side surfaces ( 127 ) of the double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ), and these are joined together in the same level. The set of modular components according to claim 28, further comprising at least one double-sided corner foundation element ( 202 ) having an upper area ( 210 ), which consists of the first double-sided corner reversal element ( 140a ) by obtaining a central section (GG) in a horizontal plane through the first double-sided corner reversal element (FIG. 140a ), a lower range ( 211 ) preferably comprises a rectangular or square compact body, the upper area ( 210 ) and the lower area ( 211 ) of the double-sided corner foundation ( 202 ) are interconnected. A set of modular building elements according to claim 30, wherein the lower area ( 211 ) of the double-sided corner foundation element ( 202 ) Foundation element reinforcing rods ( 212 ) to the double-sided Eckfundamentelement ( 202 ) on the ground ( 13 ), so that the stability of the wall is guaranteed. A set of modular components according to claim 31, wherein the reinforcing bars ( 212 ) of the double-sided corner foundation element are in the form of projections, which are preferably located on front and rear surfaces of the lower area (FIG. 211 ) of the double-sided corner foundation element ( 202 ), the reinforcing bars ( 212 ) of the double-sided Eckfundamentelements made of industrial materials such as iron rods or welding wire. A set of modular components according to claim 29, further comprising at least one double-sided upper corner termination element ( 243 ) obtained by removing one of the pillar heads of the second double-sided corner reversal element (FIG. 140b ) and covering the body cavities ( 142 ) of the second double-sided corner reversal element on the side where the pier head was removed, such that the depth of the bodily cavities ( 142 ) of the second double-sided corner reversal element is at least equal to the height of the pier heads of double-walled modular building elements. The set of modular components according to claim 20, further comprising at least one bent double-sided main body element ( 147 ) by twisting or bending the double-sided main body element ( 101 ) is obtained in a plane coincident with the front rectangular main block ( 106 ) coincides or is parallel thereto, therefore, therefore, the double-sided main body element ( 101 ) assumes a concave shape about a vertical axis that is at right angles to the ground plane. A set of modular components according to claims 20-34, further comprising at least one bent double-sided modular component associated with said bent double-sided main body member ( 147 ) is compatible and by twisting or bending a double-sided modular component, namely a double-sided foundation element ( 102 ), a double-sided upper end element ( 103 ), a double-sided edge termination element ( 104 ), a double-sided corner finishing element ( 105 ), a double-sided first of a double-sided double-sided corner reversing element ( 140a ), a double-sided second corner reversal element ( 140b ), a double-sided corner foundation element ( 202 ) and a double-sided upper Eckabschlusselement ( 243 ) is obtained in a plane coincident with or parallel to the front surface of these elements, with curved double-sided modular elements formed around a vertical axis perpendicular to the bottom surface. A set of modular components according to claims 34-35, wherein the bent double-sided structural members connected to the bent double-sided main body element ( 147 ) are used in a wall to create a circular or curved wall structure. A set of modular components according to claim 29, further comprising at least a third double-sided corner reversing element ( 310 ) be This is caused by filling an external cavity ( 142 ) of the second double-sided corner reversal element ( 140b ), whereby over this filled area pier heads ( 311 ) are arranged on both the upper and the lower side, which have the same cross-section as the pier heads ( 141 ) of the second double-sided corner reversal element ( 140b ) exhibit. The set of modular components according to claim 37, further comprising at least a second double-sided corner foundation element ( 320 ), comprising an upper area ( 322 ), which consists of the third double-sided corner reversal element ( 310 ) is formed by a central section (HH) through the third double-sided corner reversal element (HH) 310 ) is performed in a horizontal plane, a lower section ( 321 ), comprising a rectangular shaped, compact body, wherein the upper area ( 322 ) and the lower area ( 321 ) of the second double-sided corner foundation element ( 320 ) are interconnected. A set of modular components according to claim 38, wherein the lower region ( 321 ) of the second double-sided corner foundation element ( 320 ) Foundation element reinforcing rods ( 325 ) to the second double-sided Eckfundamentelement ( 320 ) on the ground ( 13 ), so that the stability of the wall is guaranteed. A set of modular components according to claim 39, wherein the reinforcing rods ( 325 ) of the second double-sided corner foundation element are formed in the form of projections, which are preferably located on front and rear surfaces of the lower area (FIG. 321 ) of the second double-sided corner foundation element ( 320 ), the reinforcing bars ( 325 ) of the double-sided Eckfundamentelements made of industrial materials such as iron rods or welding wire. The set of modular components according to claim 38, further comprising at least one second double-sided corner foundation element without reinforcing bars ( 330 ) with the same geometric shapes and proportional dimensions with respect to the upper region ( 322 ) of the second double-sided corner foundation element ( 320 ). The set of modular components according to claim 24, further comprising at least one double-sided lower window opening element ( 340 ) with the same geometric properties and proportional dimensions with respect to the double-sided upper end element ( 103 ). A set of modular components according to claim 42, wherein the double-sided lower window opening element ( 340 ) has an inner opening, so that an inner cavity ( 341 ) of the double-sided upper end element ( 103 ) is prolonged by the body of the element. The set of modular components according to claim 20, further comprising at least one double-sided inclination element ( 350 ) obtained by making a cut (HH) through the lower right corner of the front rectangular main block (FIG. 106 ) of the double-sided main body element ( 101 ) to the center of the upper side of the rectangular main block ( 106 ) over an angled horizontal plane perpendicular to the front surface of the front rectangular main block (FIG. 106 ). Set of modular components according to claim 10, wherein contacting or opposing surfaces of the pillar components ( 32 ) Projections and recesses instead of a pin element ( 33 ) and a corresponding pin opening ( 34 ) formed in different geometric shapes. Set of modular components according to claims 1-44, wherein projections and Recesses in various geometric shapes or any Pen mechanisms over the contacting or opposite surfaces of the modular components are attached, creating an exact attachment or locking the modular components achieved with each other when they are stacked to build the wall. Set of modular components according to claims 1-44, wherein the components made of different materials such as concrete or Reinforced concrete are made. Set of modular components according to claims 1-44, wherein the components instead of sharp edges with bevelled edges, which facilitates the composition of the elements during the construction. Set of modular components according to claims 1-44, wherein the modular components in the form of hollow bodies are manufactured or contain hollow structures, depending on Building land or the nature of the earth and the material from which the elements are made are. The set of modular components according to claim 20, further comprising at least one alternative double-sided main body element ( 301 ) obtained by arranging a diamond-shaped block instead of the front rectangular main block (FIG. 106 ), which is part of the main block ( 101 ). Set of modular components according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular main block ( 6 ) Projections and recesses in linear or round shape, said projections and recesses fit exactly to each other when they are arranged one above the other and they can form openings for drainage of groundwater. A set of modular components according to claim 20, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the rectangular main block ( 106 ) Projections and recesses in linear or round shape, said projections and recesses fit exactly to each other when they are arranged one above the other and they can form openings for drainage of groundwater. Use of a set of modular components according to a the claims 1-52 to Forming a mortarless Retaining wall, the soil or something similar behind it secures material, the wall being suitable is, a perfusion to allow groundwater through the modular components what the stability the wall ensures, and where the wall to training as vertical Structure without the use of any anchoring or reinforcement techniques between the wall and the backfill material suitable is. Use of a set of modular components according to claims 1-44, wherein the modular components in miniature as a construction toy or are formed in the field of modeling.