EP0059820B1 - Assembly of blocks for constructing walls - Google Patents

Assembly of blocks for constructing walls Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0059820B1
EP0059820B1 EP81810089A EP81810089A EP0059820B1 EP 0059820 B1 EP0059820 B1 EP 0059820B1 EP 81810089 A EP81810089 A EP 81810089A EP 81810089 A EP81810089 A EP 81810089A EP 0059820 B1 EP0059820 B1 EP 0059820B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stone
stones
assembly according
longitudinal
trough
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81810089A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0059820A1 (en
Inventor
Rolf Scheiwiller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHEIWILLER, ROLF
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP81810089A priority Critical patent/EP0059820B1/en
Priority to DE8181810089T priority patent/DE3163580D1/en
Priority to AT81810089T priority patent/ATE7523T1/en
Priority to US06/356,909 priority patent/US4524551A/en
Publication of EP0059820A1 publication Critical patent/EP0059820A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0059820B1 publication Critical patent/EP0059820B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/02—Snow fences or similar devices, e.g. devices affording protection against sand drifts or side-wind effects
    • E01F7/025—Devices specially adapted for protecting against wind, e.g. screens, deflectors or attenuators at tunnel or lock entrances
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a kit for creating masonry, with block-shaped stones and trough-shaped stones, which can be locked together via grooves provided on the tops of the stones.
  • kits which, on the one hand, makes it possible to erect various types of masonry such as retaining walls, soundproof walls, ramps and the like, which may be inclined in the horizontal and vertical directions or may have a curvature, and on the other hand Masonry that can be planted.
  • the kit should be as economical and rational to manufacture as possible and, measured by the large variety of possible uses, should comprise relatively few elements.
  • Fig. 1-4 three basic elements of the kit are shown, the normal stone in Figs. 1 and 2, the long stone in Fig. 4 and a trough stone in Fig. 3.
  • the normal stone 1 the first block stone has an essentially isosceles trapezoidal cross-section and has a circumferential groove 2, which runs perpendicular to the two base lines and in the middle thereof, and which also has a circumferential notch 3.
  • the significance of the circumferential groove will emerge from the application examples given below, while the notch serves on the one hand to extract a split stone from a normal stone by a stroke and on the other hand, if such stones are used as slope protection, to discharge rain and leachate .
  • Trogstein says, it is hollow and has a bottom 15, a longitudinal wall 16 and two side walls 74. This trough stone is about three times as long as the normal stone and twice as high.
  • the long stone 18 of FIG. 4 has the same length and height as the trough stone 11.
  • the circumferential groove 2 with the circumferential notch 3, the two longitudinal grooves 5 and the two longitudinal cams 7 are the same as in the normal stone.
  • this long stone has 5 bores 10. These holes can also be omitted here. Especially when using lightweight materials such as Leca, etc.
  • trough stones two further embodiments of trough stones can be seen, both of which have the height of the normal stone and approximately three times the length.
  • 5 shows the closed trough stone 19 with the base 20, the longitudinal walls 21 and the transverse walls 22.
  • This trough stone has the same profile as the normal stone and has the same circumferential groove 2 and the longitudinal grooves and cams 5 and 7 respectively .
  • the circumferential groove 2 can be provided with a bead 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows a similar trough stone 23 as that of Fig. 3 with the difference that the height corresponds to that of the normal stone.
  • This stone also has the circumferential groove 12, the longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams 13 and 14 and the shoulder 17.
  • These two trough stones have the same grip edges 8 on the longitudinal walls as the normal stone.
  • a support block 24 is shown, which can be placed in the trough stones 19 and 23 and whose length is, for example, one third of that of the normal stone.
  • the top of the support block corresponds to that of the transverse walls of the trough blocks 19, 23 and has the groove 25 corresponding to the circumferential groove 12 and the shoulders 26 corresponding to the two longitudinal grooves 5, 13.
  • the function of the support stone can best be seen in FIG. 18, which will be explained further below.
  • the support block 24 can be made individually or in one piece in the trough 19 or 23.
  • the support stone 24 can of course also be used as a single stone in the trough stone 11.
  • a first embodiment of a retaining wall is shown.
  • a normal block 1 rests on a foundation 27, it should also be noted that the longitudinal cams 7 bring about a good anchoring of the element.
  • a second normal stone rests on the normal stone, the longitudinal cams 7 of which fit into the longitudinal grooves 5.
  • On the second stone is a 1/3 stone 28, the length of which is one third of the normal stone, and at a distance from it another normal stone. You can also see the slope angle drawn in dashed lines.
  • the space between the 1/3 stone and the normal stone is filled with a plate 29, the thickness of which corresponds to the circumferential groove 2. It can be seen that this plate 29 is held on all four sides.
  • a normal stone is attached above it again. 10 shows a trough stone 11 which is anchored in the foundation 27 and displaces another trough stone on which a lintel 30 is supported, which in the present case consists of two normal stones and a 1/3 stone are held together at their two bores 10 by means of reinforced concrete 31, wherein the reinforcements 32 can also be prestressed.
  • the upper trough stone can be anchored by means of an earth anchor 33 which is inserted in the circumferential groove 12.
  • a half stone 34 can also be seen in FIG. 8.
  • This retaining wall can be constructed both in dry construction and, if necessary, in another construction, in that the stones are either glued to one another by means of adhesive or are connected to one another by means of cement. From this example you can already see the wide range of variations, for example, instead of the large trough stones, the normal-height trough stones can be used or, instead of the lower two layers of normal stones, the double-height long stones can be used. In addition, all or any number of hatches can be provided with panels, these panels being freely selectable in terms of both their color and their structure.
  • One of the cap stones described in FIGS. 27 to 30 can also be used as the top cap.
  • This layer of normal stones is anchored in the ground 35 by means of ground anchors 33.
  • This normal block 1 is followed, for example, by a trough block 11 a, which shows that the distances between the cams 7 and 14 are dimensioned from one another in such a way that it is possible to interlock the blocks if both sides of the cam face each other.
  • Further trough stones 11b are located above the trough stone 11a, offset by two groove tracks in depth.
  • a plate 29 is inserted into the circumferential longitudinal grooves 12 of the side walls 74 of the adjacent trough stones 11b, that is to say above the trough stone 11a.
  • a lintel 30 made of normal and / or half or third stones.
  • a trough stone according to FIG. 5 can be used, which can be filled with soil and planted.
  • a normal stone and above it a split normal stone 36 which has been split by the action on the surrounding bead 3.
  • half keystones 37 At the top are half keystones 37, which are discussed in detail below. From this example it is clear that the toothing consisting of a circumferential groove, longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams interlock, regardless of which of the toothing means interlock. It goes without saying that the individual stones are interchangeable, so that there is a wide variety of possible variations and adaptability. The visible soil can of course be planted and the drainage of rain or seepage water is guaranteed.
  • FIG. 12 An exemplary embodiment of a soundproof wall that can be planted is shown in FIG. 12, the soil not being shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the soundproof wall 38 except for the upper end, is constructed from trough stones 11 according to FIG. 3, but it is obvious that instead of this, long stones according to FIG. 4 or other stones could also be used in places, since these are all compatible with one another are.
  • At the bottom one can see two trough stones 11, which face each other with their open longitudinal sides 70 and are anchored in the foundation 27, and thus form a trough which is filled with plantable soil.
  • the two paragraphs 17 of these trough stones 11 do not touch each other, but leave a certain joint 71 open.
  • this joint allows rainwater to flow off and, on the other hand, the two adjacent shoulders 72 form an additional circumferential groove 73.
  • the second, bottom row of trough stones 11, which are identical to one another as the bottom, is arranged so offset in the longitudinal direction of the wall, in relation to the bottom row that the two supporting side walls 74 are each supported by approximately half the thickness.
  • the third row of trough stones 11 is then again arranged vertically above the lowest. Soundproofing plates 39 are now inserted into the grooves 12 or 73 of four trough stones 11 that are in contact. As FIG. 12 shows, one, two or three such plates can be provided per trough. This structure can be repeated up to the appropriate height of the soundproofing wall and, as shown in FIG.
  • a lintel row could also be used, for example, which holds both wall parts together or a row of smaller troughs according to FIG. 5 or a row of end stones.
  • FIG. 13 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of a retaining wall, long stones 18 anchored in the foundation being used as the bottom row, which are held together at the four openings by means of reinforced concrete, while the center hole 41 is kept free in this example.
  • This example shows a further means of shaping, the long stone 18a having been split at the surrounding bead and the sides having the center hole 41 being turned outwards.
  • FIG. 16 shows another example of a soundproofing wall, in which trough stones 19 according to FIG. 5 are used, which have the same height as normal stones and about three times the length. These trough stones rest on half-stones 34, the bottom row of which is anchored in the foundation. A soundproofing plate 39 can be placed in the groove 2 of the trough stones 19. After the wall has been built, the individual trough stones can be filled and planted.
  • FIG. 17 shows the cross section of a garden wall, consisting of the trough elements 19 of FIG. 5 and the half-stones 34. It is possible, for example, to produce discounts by means of a lowermost row of trough elements 23 and to support the rows of trough elements 44 which are split in the middle. As already mentioned, these split trough elements 44 are produced by knocking into the bead 3. Instead of the half stones 34, normal stones can of course also be used. The trough elements are then filled with soil and planted.
  • FIG. 18 A further retaining wall is shown in the view in FIG. 18, which is composed of the most varied elements.
  • the support blocks 24 are to be emphasized, which serve as a support for the row of normal blocks above.
  • a wall can be raised, which consists only of trough stones 11.
  • the toothing elements on the baseline surfaces of the stones are dimensioned such that the stones can always be placed on one another with a certain amount of play. It is therefore also possible, as shown in FIG. 20, to create an arch with these stones, which also makes it possible to follow certain curvatures of the terrain.
  • 20 shows normal stones, which in this example have no bores, as well as a half and a 1/3 stone. Of course, the smallest radius of curvature that can be achieved depends on the play of the teeth and the overlaps.
  • FIGS. 21 to 26 a first embodiment of a corner brick 45 having the dimensions of the standard stone and approximately over 1/4 of its length the same toothing elements have as a corresponding one of the central groove 2 central groove, two longitudinal grooves and on the other hand two longitudinal cam.
  • This corner stone is rounded on the other side and has an opening 46. A very large angular range can be covered with this corner stone.
  • 22 and 23 show two mutually symmetrical angle stones 47 and 48, the part without toothing being only half as high as the rest of the part with the toothing.
  • These two angle stones are also rounded at the end without toothing and have the same opening 46.
  • Fig. 24 it is shown that with the aid of these angle stones one can not only form an almost arbitrary angle in the horizontal direction, but also an inclination of the corner in the vertical direction can be achieved by staggered stacking of the elements. It can also be seen from FIG. 24 that a different stone must be inserted between two angular stones in the same direction.
  • the openings 46 serve for pouring out or inserting a rod or the like.
  • angle stones which can form any angle and two of which are needed to form this angle
  • angle stones which are made in one piece and form a fixed angle, for example 90 °.
  • the angle block 49 according to FIG. 25 has the same toothing elements as the normal block and also a bead 3 along the center groove 2 and can also be split. Of course, the thickness of the stone is adapted to the other stones.
  • the corner stone 50 according to FIG. 26 has the toothings 2, 5 and 7 only at the ends of both legs, while the corner 51 is flat. If necessary, this flat corner can have the same opening 46 as the corner stones described first. Of course, it is also possible to produce corner stones that form an angle other than 90 °.
  • FIGS. 29 and 30 show two keystones which can be used in a variety of ways and which, if there are beads provided, can be used in half.
  • this keystone has a triangular cross section with a flattened tip and has the same circumferential notch 3 as the normal stone and at its base, arranged at the same distance, the two longitudinal grooves 5.
  • this keystone has a continuous opening 75th on, the cross section of which corresponds to two longitudinal grooves, see FIGS. 29 and 30, in such a way that if the stone is split along the circumferential notch 3, the stone has a groove 5 on each of its two leg surfaces.
  • the end stone 40 can be used as a whole stone, for example as shown in FIG. 12, or as a half end stone 36 as in FIG. 11 or in FIGS. 29 and 30. At its base, the stone 40 also have a groove 2 in the area of the notch 3.
  • FIG. 28 shows a further keystone 52 which essentially has a cuboid appearance.
  • This keystone has on two opposite sides, symmetrical to each other, a longitudinal groove 53 and then a longitudinal cam 54, the dimensions of which correspond to those of the other longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams.
  • Fig. 31 an application example of this keystone is shown, which stone can also be connected to the underlying stones by means of cement or the like. It is possible to split this stone in the longitudinal direction along the line 61 and to obtain a half end stone 55 according to FIGS. 32 and 33.
  • the end stone 52 is fixed to the lower stones by cement or the like. It should also be noted that the breaking edges of these keystones serve as decorative elements.
  • FIG. 34 shows a further wall, for example a windbreak wall, which is attached to a house wall 76.
  • the wall can be closed off both at the top and on the side by means of end stones 40, these stones being able to be anchored in the wall by means of retaining brackets 56 as shown in FIG. 35.
  • Fig. 36 one can see anchoring of the wall on the house wall 76 by a rail 57 is fastened to the house wall by means of screws, the outer shape of this rail being exactly adapted to the circumferential groove 2 of the stones 1.
  • trough stones 11 as a seat at a stadium or the like.
  • Seat supports 59 can be removably attached to these inverted trough elements with the anchoring means corresponding to the cams.
  • a lintel made of normal stones, in which a railing 60 can be fastened, can serve as a top closure.
  • FIG. 38, 39 and 40 show examples of application of the keystones which can serve as sockets.
  • the keystones 52 that can be anchored either directly in the ground or in a foundation and strung together.
  • FIG. 39 shows an arrangement with end stones 40 and 37, these stones having a shorter length than those according to FIGS. 27 or 29 and 30 and being laid with the end face upwards.
  • Fig. 40 a fence with keystones 52 is shown, which are also shorter than those according to Fig. 38 and are also laid with their front side up.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Abstract

The set of construction units comprises a standard stone, a long stone and a trough stone having a substantially trapezoidal end view, a surrounding groove at the side with the broader base line, on both sides of the surrounding groove a longitudinal slot and at the side with the smaller base line, opposite to each of the longitudinal slots a longitudinal rib. The long stone has dimensions approximately twice as high and about three times as long as the standard stone. Both the standard and long stones have in the surrounding groove a surrounding bead, permitting the stones to be split in half. They also have five holes for making the stones lighter and for permitting these stones to be connected together with reinforced concrete so that they can be utilized as lintels. The trough stone is also twice as high and about three times as long as the standard stone. The closure stone comprises a surrounding bead as well as longitudinal slots. With the set which comprises further other trough stones, angle stones and closure stones, it is possible to erect a plurality of walls, sound deadening walls or walls serving as windscreens in which panels are fitted and held by the surrounding groove and which may be provided with plants through the utilization of trough stones. If the indenting means are so designed that they mesh with a certain play, curved walls can also be erected. The set is more particularly suitable for a dry construction method.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Bausatz zur Erstellung von Mauerwerken, mit blockförmigen Steinen und trogförmigen Steinen, die über an den Oberseiten der Steine vorhandene Nuten miteinander verrastbar sind.The present invention relates to a kit for creating masonry, with block-shaped stones and trough-shaped stones, which can be locked together via grooves provided on the tops of the stones.

Ein solcher Bausatz ist in der FR-A-2421 243 beschrieben, womit die Errichtung einer Schallschutzwand vorgesehen ist. Mit diesem Bausatz kann nur eine bestimmte Art von Schallschutzwänden errichtet werden und im wesentlichen nur im flachen Gelände.Such a kit is described in FR-A-2421 243, which provides for the construction of a soundproof wall. With this kit, only a certain type of soundproof walls can be erected and essentially only in flat terrain.

Aus der DE-C-816 452 sind Vollblocksteine bekannt, die schichtweise mit Nut und Feder versehen sind und zur Errichtung von lotrechten Wänden dienen. Einerseits kann auch hier nur eine Art von Wände errichtet werden, außerdem sind diese nicht bepflanzbar.From DE-C-816 452 full blocks are known, which are provided in layers with tongue and groove and are used to erect vertical walls. On the one hand, only one type of wall can be built here, and these cannot be planted.

Es ist demgegenüber Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung einen Bausatz anzugeben, der es einerseits ermöglicht, Mauerwerke verschiedenster Art wie Stützmauern, Schallschutzwände, Rampen und dergleichen, die wohl in horizontaler als auch in vertikaler Richtung geneigt sein können oder eine Krümmung aufweisen können, zu errichten und andererseits Mauerwerke, die bepflanzbar sind. Außerdem soll der Bausatz möglichst wirtschaftlich und rationell herstellbar sein und, gemessen an der großen Vielfalt der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, relativ wenige Elemente umfassen. Diese Aufgaben werden mit einem in den Ansprüchen definierten Bausatz gelöst.In contrast, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kit which, on the one hand, makes it possible to erect various types of masonry such as retaining walls, soundproof walls, ramps and the like, which may be inclined in the horizontal and vertical directions or may have a curvature, and on the other hand Masonry that can be planted. In addition, the kit should be as economical and rational to manufacture as possible and, measured by the large variety of possible uses, should comprise relatively few elements. These tasks are solved with a kit defined in the claims.

Die Erfindung wird nun im Einzelnen anhand einer Zeichnung von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden. Die

  • Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen in perspektivischer Sicht den erfindungsgemäßen Normalstein.
  • Fig. 3 zeigt in perspektivischer Sicht einen Trogstein.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt in perspektivischer Sicht einen Langstein. Die
  • Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen im Schnitt weitere Ausführungsformen von Trogsteinen.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt einen Stützstein.
  • Fig. 8 zeigt eine Ansicht einer Mauer.
  • Fig. 9 zeigt einen Schnitt gemäß IX-IX in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 zeigt einen Schnitt gemäß X-X in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 11 zeigt einen Schnitt einer Stützmauer.
  • Fig. 12 zeigt einen Schnitt einer Schallschutzwand.
  • Fig. 13 zeigt einen Schnitt einer weiteren Stützmauer.
  • Fig. 14 zeigt die Ansicht einer Gartenmauer.
  • Fig. 15 zeigt einen Schnitt gemäß XV-XV in Fig. 14.
  • Fig.16 zeigt eine Ansicht einer weiteren Schallschutzwand.
  • Fig. 17 zeigt einen Schnitt einer weiteren Wand.
  • Fig. 18 zeigt eine Ansicht einer weiteren Stützmauer.
  • Fig. 19 zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht einer weiteren Stützmauer.
  • Fig. 20 zeigt eine räumliche Ansicht eines Mauer-Bogens. Die
  • Fig. 21-23 zeigen in perspektivischer Sicht Ecksteine.
  • Fig. 24 zeigt in Draufsicht eine Ecke. Die
  • Fig. 25 und 26 zeigen zwei weitere Ecksteine in Draufsicht.
  • Fig. 27 zeigt in perspektivischer Sicht einen Abschlußstein.
  • Fig. 28 zeigt in perspektivischer Sicht einen weiteren Abschlußstein. Die
  • Fig. 29-33 zeigen Schnitte von verschiedenen Anwendungen der Abschlußsteine.
  • Fig. 34 zeigt eine Ansicht einer Windschutzwand. Die
  • Fig. 35 und 36 zeigen Details aus Fig. 34.
  • Fig. 37 zeigt einen Schnitt eines weiteren Anwendungsbeispiels, und die
  • Fig. 38-40 zeigen weitere Anwendungsbeispiele von Abschlußsteinen.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing of exemplary embodiments. The
  • 1 and 2 show the normal brick according to the invention in a perspective view.
  • 3 shows a trough stone in a perspective view.
  • 4 shows a long stone in a perspective view. The
  • 5 and 6 show in section further embodiments of trough stones.
  • Fig. 7 shows a support stone.
  • Fig. 8 shows a view of a wall.
  • FIG. 9 shows a section according to IX-IX in FIG. 8.
  • 10 shows a section according to XX in FIG. 8.
  • Fig. 11 shows a section of a retaining wall.
  • Fig. 12 shows a section of a soundproof wall.
  • 13 shows a section of a further retaining wall.
  • Fig. 14 shows the view of a garden wall.
  • 15 shows a section according to XV-XV in FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 16 shows a view of another soundproof wall.
  • Fig. 17 shows a section of another wall.
  • 18 shows a view of a further retaining wall.
  • 19 shows a spatial view of a further retaining wall.
  • 20 shows a spatial view of a wall arch. The
  • Fig. 21-23 show corner stones in a perspective view.
  • 24 shows a corner in plan view. The
  • 25 and 26 show two further corner stones in plan view.
  • Fig. 27 shows a keystone in perspective.
  • 28 shows a further keystone in a perspective view. The
  • Figures 29-33 show sections of various applications of the keystones.
  • 34 shows a view of a windbreak wall. The
  • 35 and 36 show details of FIG. 34.
  • 37 shows a section of another example of use, and FIG
  • 38-40 show further application examples of keystones.

In Fig. 1-4 sind drei Grundelemente des Bausatzes dargestellt, der Normalstein in den Fig. 1 und 2, der Langstein in Fig. 4 und ein Trogstein in Fig.3. Der Normalstein 1, der erste Blockstein hat einen im wesentlichen gleichschenkligtrapezförmigen Querschnitt und besitzt eine umlaufende Nut 2, die senkrecht zu den beiden Grundlinien und in deren Mitte verläuft, und die eine ebenfalls umlaufende Kerbe 3 aufweist. Die Bedeutung der umlaufenden Nut wird aus den weiter unten angegebenen Anwendungsbeispielen hervorgehen, während die Kerbe einerseits dazu dient, aus einem Normalstein durch einen Schlag darin einen gespaltenen Stein zu gewinnen und andererseits, im Falle der Benutzung von solchen Steinen als Hangsicherung, Regen und Sickerwasser abzuleiten. Auf der Seite 4 mit der breiteren Grundlinie, in Fig. 1 oben, befinden sich zwei Längsnuten 5, die symmetrisch beidseitig der umlaufenden Nut 2 angeordnet sind. Auf der Seite 6 mit der schmäleren Grundlinie befinden sich, gegenüber den Längsnuten 5, zwei Längsnocken 7, wobei die Breite der trapezförmigen Nocken etwas kleiner als die Breite der entsprechenden Nuten ist. Die beiden Griffkanten 8 an der Seite mit der breiteren Grundlinie sind bezüglich der beiden Schenkelseiten 9 vorstehend. Diese Griffkanten 8 erleichtern das Heben und Versetzen der Steine und dienen als Fingerschutz. In der Längsrichtung des Steines sind zwei durchgehende Bohrungen 10 angebracht, die aber auch weggelassen werden können und die einerseits dazu dienen, das Gewicht des Steines zu verringern und andererseits der Verbindung mit anderen Steinen zu ermöglichen, sei es durch Einfüllen von Beton oder Zement oder durch Einführen von Stangen oder Drähten oder dergleichen.In Fig. 1-4 three basic elements of the kit are shown, the normal stone in Figs. 1 and 2, the long stone in Fig. 4 and a trough stone in Fig. 3. The normal stone 1, the first block stone has an essentially isosceles trapezoidal cross-section and has a circumferential groove 2, which runs perpendicular to the two base lines and in the middle thereof, and which also has a circumferential notch 3. The significance of the circumferential groove will emerge from the application examples given below, while the notch serves on the one hand to extract a split stone from a normal stone by a stroke and on the other hand, if such stones are used as slope protection, to discharge rain and leachate . On the side 4 with the wider base line, at the top in FIG. 1, there are two longitudinal grooves 5, which are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the circumferential groove 2. On the side 6 with the narrower base line there are two longitudinal cams 7 opposite the longitudinal grooves 5, the width of the trapezoidal cams being somewhat smaller than the width of the corresponding grooves. The two grip edges 8 on the side with the wider base line protrude with respect to the two leg sides 9. These grip edges 8 facilitate lifting and moving the stones and serve as finger protection. In the longitudinal direction of the stone, two through holes 10 are made, which can also be omitted and which serve on the one hand to reduce the weight of the stone and on the other hand to allow connection with other stones, whether by filling in concrete or cement or by Inserting rods or wires or the like.

Der Trogstein 11, gemäß Fig. 3, d. h. seine Stirnflächen, weist auch einen im wesentlichen trapezförmigen Querschnitt auf wie der Normalstein 1 und ebenfalls eine umlaufende Nut 12 sowie die beiden Längsnuten 13 und die Längsnocken 14. Wie der Name Trogstein besagt, ist er hohl und weist einen Boden 15, eine Längswand 16 und zwei Seitenwände 74 auf. Dieser Trogstein ist etwa dreimal so lang wie der Normalstein und doppelt so hoch. An der offenen Seite befindet sich ein Absatz 17, der beim Zusammenbau von zwei Trogsteinen einen bestimmten Abstand voneinander bestimmt um, wie aus der Beschreibung von Fig. 12 hervorgehen wird, das Hineinstellen von Platten oder dergleichen zu ermöglichen.The trough stone 11, according to FIG. 3, ie its end faces, also has an essentially trapezoidal cross section like the normal stone 1 and also a circumferential groove 12 and the two longitudinal grooves 13 and the longitudinal cams 14. As the name Trogstein says, it is hollow and has a bottom 15, a longitudinal wall 16 and two side walls 74. This trough stone is about three times as long as the normal stone and twice as high. On the open side there is a shoulder 17 which, when two trough stones are assembled, determines a certain distance from one another in order, as will become apparent from the description of FIG. 12, to enable the insertion of plates or the like.

Der Langstein 18 von Fig. 4 weist die gleiche Länge und Höhe wie der Trogstein 11 auf. Die umlaufende Nut 2 mit der umlaufenden Kerbe 3, die beiden Längsnuten 5 und die beiden Längsnocken 7 sind die gleichen wie beim Normalstein. Dieser Langstein weist in vorliegendem Beispiel 5 Bohrungen 10 auf. Auch hier können diese Bohrungen weggelassen werden. Insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Leichtbaumaterialien, wie Leca, usw.The long stone 18 of FIG. 4 has the same length and height as the trough stone 11. The circumferential groove 2 with the circumferential notch 3, the two longitudinal grooves 5 and the two longitudinal cams 7 are the same as in the normal stone. In the present example, this long stone has 5 bores 10. These holes can also be omitted here. Especially when using lightweight materials such as Leca, etc.

In den Fig. 5 und 6 erkennt man zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele von Trogsteinen, die beide die Höhe des Normalsteines und eine etwa dreifache Länge aufweisen. In Fig. 5 erkennt man den geschlossenen Trogstein 19 mit dem Boden 20, den Längswänden 21 und den Querwänden 22. Dieser Trogstein hat das gleiche Profil wie der Normalstein und weist die gleiche umlaufende Nut 2 und die Längsnuten und Nocken 5, bzw. 7 auf. Auch hier kann die umlaufende Nut 2 mit einer Sicke 3 versehen werden. Fig. 6 zeigt einen ähnlichen Trogstein 23 wie derjenige von Fig. 3 mit dem Unterschied, daß die Höhe derjenigen des Normalsteins entspricht. Auch dieser Stein weist die umlaufende Nut 12, die Längsnuten und Längsnocken 13 und 14 sowie den Absatz 17 auf. Diese beiden Trogsteine weisen an den Längswänden die gleichen Griffkanten 8 auf wie der Normalstein.5 and 6, two further embodiments of trough stones can be seen, both of which have the height of the normal stone and approximately three times the length. 5 shows the closed trough stone 19 with the base 20, the longitudinal walls 21 and the transverse walls 22. This trough stone has the same profile as the normal stone and has the same circumferential groove 2 and the longitudinal grooves and cams 5 and 7 respectively . Here too, the circumferential groove 2 can be provided with a bead 3. Fig. 6 shows a similar trough stone 23 as that of Fig. 3 with the difference that the height corresponds to that of the normal stone. This stone also has the circumferential groove 12, the longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams 13 and 14 and the shoulder 17. These two trough stones have the same grip edges 8 on the longitudinal walls as the normal stone.

Beispielsweise Abmessungen der Steine sind:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 Examples of dimensions of the stones are:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

In Fig. 7 ist ein Stützstein 24 dargestellt, der in die Trogsteine 19 und 23 hineingestellt werden kann und dessen Länge beispielsweise ein Drittel derjenigen des Normalsteins beträgt. Die Oberseite des Stützsteins entspricht derjenigen der Querwände der Trogsteine 19, 23 und weist die der umlaufenden Nut 12 entsprechende Nut 25 sowie die den beiden Längsnuten 5, 13 entsprechenden Absätze 26 auf. Die Funktion des Stützsteins ist am besten aus Fig. 18 erkenntlich, die weiter unten erläutert werden wird. Der Stützstein 24 kann sowohl einzeln als auch einstückig im Trog 19 oder 23 angefertigt werden. Der Stützstein 24 kann selbstverständlich auch als Einzelstein im Trogstein 11 Verwendung finden.In Fig. 7, a support block 24 is shown, which can be placed in the trough stones 19 and 23 and whose length is, for example, one third of that of the normal stone. The top of the support block corresponds to that of the transverse walls of the trough blocks 19, 23 and has the groove 25 corresponding to the circumferential groove 12 and the shoulders 26 corresponding to the two longitudinal grooves 5, 13. The function of the support stone can best be seen in FIG. 18, which will be explained further below. The support block 24 can be made individually or in one piece in the trough 19 or 23. The support stone 24 can of course also be used as a single stone in the trough stone 11.

In den Fig. 8 bis 10 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Stützmauer dargestellt. Gemäß dem Schnitt von Fig. 9 ruht ein Normalstein 1 auf einem Fundament 27, wobei noch anzumerken ist, daß die Längsnocken 7 eine gute Verankerung des Elementes bewirken. Auf dem Normalstein ruht ein zweiter Normalstein, dessen Längsnocken 7 in die Längsnuten 5 passen. Auf dem zweiten Stein ruht ein 1/3-Stein 28, dessen Länge ein Drittel des Normalsteins beträgt, sowie im Abstand davon ein weiterer Normalstein. Man erkennt ferner den gestrichelt eingezeichneten Böschungswinkel. Über dem 1/3-Stein und dem Normalstein befindet sich ein weiterer Normalstein und darüber wieder ein 1/3-Stein 28 sowie ein Normalstein in einem bestimmten Abstand davon. In diesem Beispiel ist der Zwischenraum zwischen dem 1/3-Stein und dem Normalstein mit einer Platte 29 ausgefüllt, deren Dicke der umlaufenden Nut 2 entspricht. Man erkennt, daß diese Platte 29 auf allen vier Seiten gehalten ist. Darüber ist wieder ein Normalstein angebracht. Im Schnitt von Fig. 10 erkennt man einen Trogstein 11, der im Fundament 27 verankert ist und darüber versetzt einen weiteren Trogstein, auf welchem sich ein Sturz 30 abstützt, der in vorliegendem Fall aus zwei Normalsteinen und einem 1/3-Stein besteht, die an ihren beiden Bohrungen 10 mittels armiertem Beton 31 zusammengehalten sind, wobei die Armierungen 32 auch vorgespannt sein können. Es ist ferner ersichtlich, daß der obere Trogstein mittels eines Erdankers 33, der in der umlaufenden Nut 12 eingelegt ist, verankert werden kann. Über dem Sturz befindet sich wieder ein Normalstein. Man erkennt in Fig. 8 ferner auch einen Halbstein 34. Diese Stützmauer kann sowohl in Trockenbauweise erstellt werden, als auch, falls erforderlich, in anderer Bauweise, indem die Steine entweder mittels Klebstoff miteinander verklebt werden oder mittels Zement miteinander verbunden werden. Aus diesem Beispiel erkennt man bereits die vielfältigen Variationsmöglichkeiten, indem beispielsweise anstatt der großen Trogsteine auch die normalhohen Trogsteine verwendet werden können oder anstatt der unteren zwei Lagen Normalsteine die doppelt so hohen Langsteine verwendet werden können. Außerdem können alle oder beliebig viele Lükken mit Platten versehen werden, wobei diese Platten sowohl in ihrer Farbe als auch in ihrer Struktur beliebig frei wählbar sind. Als oberer Abschluß kann auch einer der in den Fig. 27 bis 30 beschriebenen Abschlußsteine verwendet werden.8 to 10, a first embodiment of a retaining wall is shown. According to the section of FIG. 9, a normal block 1 rests on a foundation 27, it should also be noted that the longitudinal cams 7 bring about a good anchoring of the element. A second normal stone rests on the normal stone, the longitudinal cams 7 of which fit into the longitudinal grooves 5. On the second stone is a 1/3 stone 28, the length of which is one third of the normal stone, and at a distance from it another normal stone. You can also see the slope angle drawn in dashed lines. There is another normal stone above the 1/3 stone and the normal stone, and again a 1/3 stone 28 and a normal stone at a certain distance therefrom. In this example, the space between the 1/3 stone and the normal stone is filled with a plate 29, the thickness of which corresponds to the circumferential groove 2. It can be seen that this plate 29 is held on all four sides. A normal stone is attached above it again. 10 shows a trough stone 11 which is anchored in the foundation 27 and displaces another trough stone on which a lintel 30 is supported, which in the present case consists of two normal stones and a 1/3 stone are held together at their two bores 10 by means of reinforced concrete 31, wherein the reinforcements 32 can also be prestressed. It can also be seen that the upper trough stone can be anchored by means of an earth anchor 33 which is inserted in the circumferential groove 12. There is a normal stone above the lintel again. A half stone 34 can also be seen in FIG. 8. This retaining wall can be constructed both in dry construction and, if necessary, in another construction, in that the stones are either glued to one another by means of adhesive or are connected to one another by means of cement. From this example you can already see the wide range of variations, for example, instead of the large trough stones, the normal-height trough stones can be used or, instead of the lower two layers of normal stones, the double-height long stones can be used. In addition, all or any number of hatches can be provided with panels, these panels being freely selectable in terms of both their color and their structure. One of the cap stones described in FIGS. 27 to 30 can also be used as the top cap.

Während die Mauer gemäß den Fig. 8 bis 10 lotrecht hochgezogen worden ist, erkennt man in Fig. 11, daß dieser Bausatz bestens dazu geeignet ist, die Stützwand dem Gelände anzupassen, wobei diese Anpassung in diesem Falle in der vertikalen Richtung erfolgt. Man erkennt wieder, von unten aus betrachtend, einen im Fundament 27 verankerten Trogstein 11, auf dem versetzt ein Normalstein 1 ruht. Allerdings ist dieser Normalstein, im Gegensatz zur Bauweise des vorhergehenden Beispiels, umgekehrt mit der breiteren Seite 4 auf dem Trogstein gesetzt und man erkennt, daß die durch die Längsnuten 5 gebildeten Nockenbahnen die gleichen Dimensionen haben und in diese Nuten 5 passen. Auf den zurückversetzten Normalstein folgt in vorliegendem Beispiel ein aus mehreren Steinen 1 mittels armiertem Beton zusammengefügter Sturz 30 und auf diesen, versetzt, ein Normalstein 1 a. Man erkennt weiter, daß dieser Stein 1a auch in der Tiefe um eine Nockenbahn 7 zurückversetzt ist. Auch bei der Versetzung um einen Nocken, bzw. Nut, paßt die Verzahnung der Steine genau. Diese Lage aus Normalsteinen ist mittels Erdanker 33 im Erdreich 35 verankert. Auf diesen Normalstein 1 folgt wieder beispielsweise ein Trogstein 11 a, wobei daraus hervorgeht, daß auch die Abstände der Nocken 7 und 14 voneinander derart dimensioniert sind, daß es möglich ist, die Steine zu verzahnen, falls beide Nockenseiten gegeneinander zeigen. Über dem Trogstein 11 a befindet sich, um zwei Nutenbahnen in der Tiefe versetzt, weitere Trogsteine 11b. In die umlaufenden Längsnuten 12 der Seitenwände 74 der benachbarten Trogsteine 11b, also über dem Trogstein 11a, ist eine Platte 29 eingelegt. Darüber befindet sich ein Sturz 30 aus Normal- und/ oder Halb- oder Drittelsteinen. Statt dessen können jedoch auch ein Trogstein gemäß Fig. 5 verwendet werden, der mit Erdreich gefüllt und bepflanzt werden kann. Darüber befindet sich, wieder in der Tiefe versetzt, ein Normalstein und darüber ein gespaltener Normalstein 36, der durch Einwirkung auf die umlaufende Sicke 3 gespalten worden ist. Zuoberst befinden sich durchgehend halbe Schlußsteine 37, die weiter unten im Einzelnen besprochen werden. Aus diesem Beispiel geht klar hervor, daß die aus umlaufender Nut, Längsnuten und Längsnocken bestehende Verzahnung ineinandergreift, unabhängig davon, welche der Verzahnungsmittel ineinander greifen. Dabei ist es selbstverständlich, daß die einzelnen Steine austauschbar sind, so daß eine große Vielfalt von Variationsmöglichkeiten und Anpassungsfähigkeit gegeben ist. Das sichtbare Erdreich kann natürlich bepflanzt werden, und das Abfließen von Regen- oder Sickerwasser ist gewährleistet.While the wall according to FIGS. 8 to 10 11 that this kit is ideally suited to adapting the supporting wall to the terrain, this adaptation taking place in the vertical direction. One can recognize again, looking from below, a trough stone 11 anchored in the foundation 27, on which a normal stone 1 rests offset. However, in contrast to the construction of the previous example, this normal stone is reversed with the wider side 4 on the trough stone and it can be seen that the cam tracks formed by the longitudinal grooves 5 have the same dimensions and fit into these grooves 5. In the present example, the set back normal stone is followed by a lintel 30 made up of several stones 1 by means of reinforced concrete and, offset, a normal stone 1 a. It can also be seen that this stone 1a is set back in depth by a cam track 7. Even when offset by a cam or groove, the teeth of the stones fit exactly. This layer of normal stones is anchored in the ground 35 by means of ground anchors 33. This normal block 1 is followed, for example, by a trough block 11 a, which shows that the distances between the cams 7 and 14 are dimensioned from one another in such a way that it is possible to interlock the blocks if both sides of the cam face each other. Further trough stones 11b are located above the trough stone 11a, offset by two groove tracks in depth. A plate 29 is inserted into the circumferential longitudinal grooves 12 of the side walls 74 of the adjacent trough stones 11b, that is to say above the trough stone 11a. Above it is a lintel 30 made of normal and / or half or third stones. Instead, however, a trough stone according to FIG. 5 can be used, which can be filled with soil and planted. Above it, offset again in depth, is a normal stone and above it a split normal stone 36, which has been split by the action on the surrounding bead 3. At the top are half keystones 37, which are discussed in detail below. From this example it is clear that the toothing consisting of a circumferential groove, longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams interlock, regardless of which of the toothing means interlock. It goes without saying that the individual stones are interchangeable, so that there is a wide variety of possible variations and adaptability. The visible soil can of course be planted and the drainage of rain or seepage water is guaranteed.

In Fig. 12 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer bepflanzbaren Schallschutzwand dargestellt, wobei das Erdreich der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht eingezeichnet ist. In diesem Beispiel ist die Schallschutzwand 38, bis auf den oberen Abschluß, aus Trogsteinen 11 gemäß Fig. 3 aufgebaut, doch ist es einleuchtend, daß statt dessen stellenweise auch Langsteine gemäß Fig. 4 oder andere Steine verwendet werden könnten, da diese alle untereinander kompatibel sind. Zu unterst erkennt man zwei Trogsteine 11, die mit ihren offenen Längsseiten 70 einander zugekehrt und im Fundament 27 verankert sind, und so einen Trog bilden, der mit bepflanzbarer Erde gefüllt wird. Die beiden Absätze 17 dieser Trogsteine 11 berühren sich nicht, sondern lassen eine bestimmte Fuge 71 offen. Diese Fuge ermöglicht einerseits das Abfließen von Regenwasser und andererseits bilden die beiden benachbarten Absätze 72 eine zusätzliche umlaufende Nut 73. Die zweitunterste Reihe von Trogsteinen 11, die gleich zueinander stehen wie die unterste, ist in Längsrichtung der Mauer, gegenüber der untersten Reihe so versetzt angeordnet, daß sich die beiden sich abstützenden Seitenwände 74 je etwa um die halbe Dicke abstützen. Die dritte Reihe von Trogsteinen 11 ist dann wieder lotrecht über der untersten angeordnet. In die so entstandenen Nuten 12, bzw. 73 von vier sich berührenden Trogsteinen 11 werden nun Schallschutzplatten 39 eingefügt. Wie Fig. 12 zeigt, kann man eine, zwei oder drei solche Platten pro Trog vorsehen. Dieser Aufbau kann sich bis auf die geeignete Höhe der Schallschutzwand wiederholen und kann wie in Fig. 12 dargestellt, mittels zweier Stürze 30 abgeschlossen werden, auf denen Abschlußsteine 40 befestigt sind. Nach dem Errichten der Mauer können die Tröge mit Erde gefüllt und bepflanzt werden. Als Abschluß könnte beispielsweise auch eine Sturzreihe verwendet werden, die beide Mauerteile zusammenhält oder eine Reihe kleinerer Tröge gemäß Fig. 5 oder eine Reihe Abschlußsteine.An exemplary embodiment of a soundproof wall that can be planted is shown in FIG. 12, the soil not being shown for the sake of clarity. In this example, the soundproof wall 38, except for the upper end, is constructed from trough stones 11 according to FIG. 3, but it is obvious that instead of this, long stones according to FIG. 4 or other stones could also be used in places, since these are all compatible with one another are. At the bottom one can see two trough stones 11, which face each other with their open longitudinal sides 70 and are anchored in the foundation 27, and thus form a trough which is filled with plantable soil. The two paragraphs 17 of these trough stones 11 do not touch each other, but leave a certain joint 71 open. On the one hand, this joint allows rainwater to flow off and, on the other hand, the two adjacent shoulders 72 form an additional circumferential groove 73. The second, bottom row of trough stones 11, which are identical to one another as the bottom, is arranged so offset in the longitudinal direction of the wall, in relation to the bottom row that the two supporting side walls 74 are each supported by approximately half the thickness. The third row of trough stones 11 is then again arranged vertically above the lowest. Soundproofing plates 39 are now inserted into the grooves 12 or 73 of four trough stones 11 that are in contact. As FIG. 12 shows, one, two or three such plates can be provided per trough. This structure can be repeated up to the appropriate height of the soundproofing wall and, as shown in FIG. 12, can be completed by means of two lintels 30 on which end stones 40 are fastened. After the wall has been erected, the troughs can be filled with soil and planted. As a conclusion, a lintel row could also be used, for example, which holds both wall parts together or a row of smaller troughs according to FIG. 5 or a row of end stones.

In Fig. 13 ist ein Schnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante einer Stützmauer dargestellt, wobei als unterste Reihe im Fundament verankerte Langsteine 18 verwendet werden, die an den vier Öffnungen mittels armiertem Beton zusammengehalten werden, während das Mittelloch 41 in diesem Beispiel freigehalten ist. Man ersieht aus diesem Beispiel ein weiteres Mittel der Formgebung, wobei der Langstein 18a an der umlaufenden Sicke gespalten wurde, und die Seiten mit dem Mittelloch41 nach außen gekehrt wurden.13 shows a section of a further embodiment variant of a retaining wall, long stones 18 anchored in the foundation being used as the bottom row, which are held together at the four openings by means of reinforced concrete, while the center hole 41 is kept free in this example. This example shows a further means of shaping, the long stone 18a having been split at the surrounding bead and the sides having the center hole 41 being turned outwards.

In den Fig. 14 und 15 ist die Verwendung des Bausatzes zur Errichtung einer Gartenmauer dargestellt, in der bepflanzbare Trogsteine eingebaut sind. Auf einer Reihe miteinander verbundener und im Fundament verankerter Normalsteine 1 sind auf der einen Seite gespaltene Normalsteine 36 aufeinandergelegt und auf der anderen Seite ein Trogelement 11 eingehängt, das mit der äußersten Längsnut 13 und der daran anschließenden Nockenbahn in die Längsnut 5 des gespaltenen Normalsteins 36 paßt. Um die Mauer zu versteifen, ist eine Reihe von Normalsteinen 1 vorgesehen, wobei je der Längsnocken 7 eines gespaltenen Steines 36 in eine LängsnUt 5 des Normalsteins 1 greift. Durch diese Bauweise entstehen, wie Fig. 15 zeigt, zwischen je den Steinhälften 36 Zwischenräume, welche wiederum durch Platten 29 verschlossen werden können. Als Krone können Abschlußsteine 42 die Mauer vervollständigen. Durch die Verwendung von gespaltenen Steinen 36 mit der Bruchstelle nach außen kann ein neues gestalterisches Element erzeugt werden, das durch die Wahl der Struktur und der Farben der Platten noch verstärkt werden kann.14 and 15 show the use of the kit for erecting a garden wall in which trough stones that can be planted are installed. On a row of interconnected normal stones 1 anchored in the foundation, split normal stones 36 are placed one on top of the other and a trough element 11 is hung on the other side, which fits with the outermost longitudinal groove 13 and the subsequent cam track into the longitudinal groove 5 of the split normal stone 36 . In order to stiffen the wall, a series of normal stones 1 is provided, each of the longitudinal cams 7 of a split stone 36 engaging in a longitudinal groove 5 of the normal stone 1. As a result of this construction, as shown in FIG. 15, there are 36 spaces between the stone halves, which in turn can be closed by plates 29. As a crown cap 42 can Complete the wall. By using split bricks 36 with the break point to the outside, a new design element can be created, which can be reinforced by the choice of the structure and the colors of the plates.

In Fig. 16 ist ein anderes Beispiel einer Schallschutzwand dargestellt, bei welcher Trogsteine 19 gemäß Fig. 5 verwendet werden, die die gleiche Höhe wie Normalsteine und etwa die dreifache Länge aufweisen. Diese Trogsteine ruhen auf Halbsteinen 34, deren unterste Reihe im Fundament verankert ist. In die Nut 2 der Trogsteine 19 kann eine Schallschutzplatte 39 gestellt werden. Nach der Erstellung der Mauer können die einzelnen Trogsteine gefüllt und bepflanzt werden.FIG. 16 shows another example of a soundproofing wall, in which trough stones 19 according to FIG. 5 are used, which have the same height as normal stones and about three times the length. These trough stones rest on half-stones 34, the bottom row of which is anchored in the foundation. A soundproofing plate 39 can be placed in the groove 2 of the trough stones 19. After the wall has been built, the individual trough stones can be filled and planted.

In Fig. 17 ist der Querschnitt einer Gartenmauer, bestehend aus den Trogelementen 19 der Fig. 5 und den Halbsteinen 34 dargestellt. Dabei ist es beispielsweise gegeben, durch eine unterste Trogelementreihe 23 eine Rabatte herzustellen und die darüberliegenden Reihen mittelst gespaltener Trogelemente 44 abzustützen. Diese gespaltenen Trogelemente 44 werden, wie schon erwähnt, durch Schlag in die Sicke 3 erzeugt. Anstatt der Halbsteine 34 können selbstverständlich auch Normalsteine verwendet werden. Die Trogelemente werden dann mit Erde gefüllt und bepflanzt.17 shows the cross section of a garden wall, consisting of the trough elements 19 of FIG. 5 and the half-stones 34. It is possible, for example, to produce discounts by means of a lowermost row of trough elements 23 and to support the rows of trough elements 44 which are split in the middle. As already mentioned, these split trough elements 44 are produced by knocking into the bead 3. Instead of the half stones 34, normal stones can of course also be used. The trough elements are then filled with soil and planted.

In Fig. 18 ist in der Ansicht eine weitere Stützmauer dargestellt, die sich aus den verschiedensten Elementen zusammensetzt. Dabei sind insbesondere die Stützsteine 24 hervorzuheben, die der darüberliegenden Normalstein-Reihe als Abstützung dienen. In dieser Wand erkennt man Normalsteine, große Trogsteine, kleine Trogsteine, Platten 29 oder Schallschutzplatten 39 und einen oberen Abschluß mit den Trogsteinen 19, wobei dieser Abschluß voll bepflanzbar ist.A further retaining wall is shown in the view in FIG. 18, which is composed of the most varied elements. In particular, the support blocks 24 are to be emphasized, which serve as a support for the row of normal blocks above. In this wall you can see normal stones, large trough stones, small trough stones, plates 29 or soundproofing plates 39 and an upper end with the trough stones 19, this end being fully plantable.

Im Beispiel von Fig. 19 ist dargestellt, daß eine Wand hochgezogen werden kann, die nur aus Trogsteinen 11 besteht.In the example of Fig. 19 it is shown that a wall can be raised, which consists only of trough stones 11.

Wie eingangs erwähnt wurde, sind die Verzahnungselemente an den Grundlinienflächen der Steine derart dimensioniert, daß die Steine stets mit einem gewissen Spiel aufeinander gestellt werden können. Es ist daher auch möglich, wie in Fig. 20 dargestellt, mit diesen Steinen einen Bogen zu erstellen, wodurch es auch möglich ist, gewissen Krümmungen des Geländes zu folgen. Man erkennt in Fig. 20 Normalsteine, die in diesem Beispiel keine Bohrungen aufweisen, sowie einen Halb- und einen 1/3-Stein. Selbstverständlich hängt der kleinste erzielbare Krümmungsradius vom Spiel der Verzahnungen und den Überlappungen ab.As mentioned at the beginning, the toothing elements on the baseline surfaces of the stones are dimensioned such that the stones can always be placed on one another with a certain amount of play. It is therefore also possible, as shown in FIG. 20, to create an arch with these stones, which also makes it possible to follow certain curvatures of the terrain. 20 shows normal stones, which in this example have no bores, as well as a half and a 1/3 stone. Of course, the smallest radius of curvature that can be achieved depends on the play of the teeth and the overlaps.

Sind Ecken und Winkel notwendig, reicht das vorhandene Spiel zwischen den einzelnen Verzahnungselementen nicht aus, und es sind besondere Ecksteine zu verwenden, wovon in den Fig. 21 bis 26 einige Beispiele dargestellt sind. In Fig. 21 erkennt man eine erste Ausführungsform eines Ecksteins 45, der die Dimensionen des Normalsteins aufweist und etwa über 1/4 seiner Länge die gleichen Verzahnungselemente wie eine der Mittelnut 2 entsprechende Mittelnut, zwei Längsnuten und auf der anderen Seite zwei Längsnocken aufweisen. Dieser Eckstein ist auf der anderen Seite abgerundet und weist eine Öffnung 46 auf. Mit diesem Eckstein kann ein sehr großer Winkelbereich überstrichen werden. In den Fig. 22 und 23 sind zwei zueinander symmetrische Winkelsteine 47 und 48 dargestellt, wobei der Teil ohne Verzahnung nur halb so hoch ist wie der übrige Teil mit der Verzahnung. Diese beiden Winkelsteine sind an dem Ende ohne Verzahnung ebenfalls abgerundet und weisen die gleiche Öffnung 46 auf. In Fig. 24 ist dargestellt, daß man mit Hilfe dieser Winkelsteine nicht nur einen beinahe beliebigen Winkel in der horizontalen Richtung bilden kann, sondern auch in der Vertikalen eine Neigung der Ecke durch versetzten Übereinanderlegen der Elemente erzielen kann. Man erkennt ferner aus Fig. 24, daß man jeweils zwischen zwei gleichsinnigen Winkelsteinen einen anderen Stein einlegen muß. Die Öffnungen 46 dienen zum Ausgießen oder Einlegen einer Stange oder dergleichen.If corners and angles are necessary, the existing play between the individual toothing elements is not sufficient, and special corner stones are to be used, some examples of which are shown in FIGS. 21 to 26. In Fig. 21 it can be seen a first embodiment of a corner brick 45 having the dimensions of the standard stone and approximately over 1/4 of its length the same toothing elements have as a corresponding one of the central groove 2 central groove, two longitudinal grooves and on the other hand two longitudinal cam. This corner stone is rounded on the other side and has an opening 46. A very large angular range can be covered with this corner stone. 22 and 23 show two mutually symmetrical angle stones 47 and 48, the part without toothing being only half as high as the rest of the part with the toothing. These two angle stones are also rounded at the end without toothing and have the same opening 46. In Fig. 24 it is shown that with the aid of these angle stones one can not only form an almost arbitrary angle in the horizontal direction, but also an inclination of the corner in the vertical direction can be achieved by staggered stacking of the elements. It can also be seen from FIG. 24 that a different stone must be inserted between two angular stones in the same direction. The openings 46 serve for pouring out or inserting a rod or the like.

Es ist auch möglich, anstatt von Winkelsteinen, die einen beliebigen Winkel bilden können und von denen es zwei braucht, um diesen Winkel zu bilden, Winkelsteine zu nehmen, die einstückig gearbeitet sind und einen festen Winkel, beispielsweise 90° bilden. Der Winkelstein 49 gemäß Fig. 25 weist die gleichen Verzahnungselemente wie der Normalstein auf und ebenso eine Sicke 3 entlang der Mittelnut 2 und kann ebenfalls gespalten werden. Selbstverständlich ist auch die Dicke des Steines den anderen Steinen angepaßt. Der Eckstein 50 gemäß Fig. 26 weist die Verzahnungen 2, 5 und 7 nur an den Enden beider Schenkel auf, während die Ecke 51 eben ist. Gegebenenfalls kann diese ebene Ecke die gleiche Öffnung 46 aufweisen, wie die erstbeschriebenen Ecksteine. Es ist natürlich auch möglich, Ecksteine herzustellen, die einen anderen Winkel als 90° bilden.Instead of angle stones, which can form any angle and two of which are needed to form this angle, it is also possible to use angle stones which are made in one piece and form a fixed angle, for example 90 °. The angle block 49 according to FIG. 25 has the same toothing elements as the normal block and also a bead 3 along the center groove 2 and can also be split. Of course, the thickness of the stone is adapted to the other stones. The corner stone 50 according to FIG. 26 has the toothings 2, 5 and 7 only at the ends of both legs, while the corner 51 is flat. If necessary, this flat corner can have the same opening 46 as the corner stones described first. Of course, it is also possible to produce corner stones that form an angle other than 90 °.

In den Fig. 27 und 28 sind zwei Abschlußsteine dargestellt, die sich auf mannigfaltige Art verwenden lassen und auch, falls dafür vorgesehene Sicken vorhanden sind, hälftig gebraucht werden können. In Fig. 27 erkennt man den Abschlußstein 40, wie er bereits in Fig. 12 verwen. det wurde, Dieser Abschlußstein hat einen dreieckigen Querschnitt mit abgeflachter Spitze und weist die gleiche umlaufende Kerbe 3 auf wie der Normalstein und an seiner Basis, im gleichen Abstand angeordnet, die beiden Längsnuten 5. Auf der Höhe seiner Mittellinie weist dieser Abschlußstein eine durchgehende Öffnung 75 auf, deren Querschnitt zwei Längsnuten entspricht, siehe Fig. 29 und 30, derart, daß im Falle einer Spaltung des Steines längs der umlaufenden Kerbe 3 der Stein an seinen beiden Schenkelflächen je eine Nut 5 aufweist. Der Abschlußstein 40 kann als ganzer Stein beispielsweise wie gemäß Fig. 12 verwendet werden oder als halber Abschlußstein 36 wie in Fig. 11 oder in den Fig. 29 und 30. An seiner Basis kann der Stein 40 im Bereiche der Kerbe 3 auch eine Nut 2 aufweisen.27 and 28 show two keystones which can be used in a variety of ways and which, if there are beads provided, can be used in half. In Fig. 27 you can see the keystone 40, as already used in Fig. 12. Det, this keystone has a triangular cross section with a flattened tip and has the same circumferential notch 3 as the normal stone and at its base, arranged at the same distance, the two longitudinal grooves 5. At the height of its center line, this keystone has a continuous opening 75th on, the cross section of which corresponds to two longitudinal grooves, see FIGS. 29 and 30, in such a way that if the stone is split along the circumferential notch 3, the stone has a groove 5 on each of its two leg surfaces. The end stone 40 can be used as a whole stone, for example as shown in FIG. 12, or as a half end stone 36 as in FIG. 11 or in FIGS. 29 and 30. At its base, the stone 40 also have a groove 2 in the area of the notch 3.

In Fig. 28 ist ein weiterer Abschlußstein 52 dargestellt, der im wesentlichen ein quaderförmiges Aussehen hat. Dieser Abschlußstein weist an zwei entgegengesetzten Seiten, symmetrisch zueinander, je eine Längsnut 53 und daran anschließend einen Längsnocken 54, deren Abmessungen denjenigen der übrigen Längsnuten und Längsnocken entsprechen, auf. In Fig. 31 ist ein Anwendungsbeispiel dieses Abschlußsteins dargestellt, wobei dieser Stein auch mittels Zement oder dergleichen mit den darunterliegenden Steinen verbunden werden kann. Es ist möglich, diesen Stein in seiner Längsrichtung längs der Linie 61 zu spalten und einen halben Abschlußstein 55 gemäß Fig. 32 und 33 zu erhalten. In Fig. 33 ist der Abschlußstein 52 mittels Zement oder dergleichen an den unteren Steinen befestigt. Dabei ist noch zu bemerken, daß die Bruchkanten dieser Abschlußsteine als Verzierungselemente dienen.FIG. 28 shows a further keystone 52 which essentially has a cuboid appearance. This keystone has on two opposite sides, symmetrical to each other, a longitudinal groove 53 and then a longitudinal cam 54, the dimensions of which correspond to those of the other longitudinal grooves and longitudinal cams. In Fig. 31 an application example of this keystone is shown, which stone can also be connected to the underlying stones by means of cement or the like. It is possible to split this stone in the longitudinal direction along the line 61 and to obtain a half end stone 55 according to FIGS. 32 and 33. In Fig. 33, the end stone 52 is fixed to the lower stones by cement or the like. It should also be noted that the breaking edges of these keystones serve as decorative elements.

In Fig. 34 ist eine weitere Wand, beispielsweise eine Windschutzwand, dargestellt, die an eine Hausmauer 76 angebaut ist. Dabei kann die Wand sowohl oben als auch an der Seite mittels Abschlußsteinen 40 abgeschlossen werden, wobei diese Steine wie in Fig. 35 dargestellt, mittels Haltebügel 56 in der Mauer verankert werden können. In Fig. 36 erkennt man eine Verankerungsmöglichkeit der Wand an der Hausmauer 76, indem eine Schiene 57 mittels Schrauben an der Hauswand befestigt ist, wobei die Außenform dieser Schiene genau der umlaufenden Nut 2 der Steine 1 angepaßt ist.34 shows a further wall, for example a windbreak wall, which is attached to a house wall 76. The wall can be closed off both at the top and on the side by means of end stones 40, these stones being able to be anchored in the wall by means of retaining brackets 56 as shown in FIG. 35. In Fig. 36 one can see anchoring of the wall on the house wall 76 by a rail 57 is fastened to the house wall by means of screws, the outer shape of this rail being exactly adapted to the circumferential groove 2 of the stones 1.

In Fig. 37 ist die Verwendung von Trogsteinen 11 als Sitzplatz an einem Stadion oder dergleichen dargestellt. Man erkennt zwei Trogsteine 11, die jeweils mit dem Boden nach oben und den offenen Seiten 70 gegeneinander angeordnet sind und immer um eine volle Trogbreite zurückversetzt aufeinander aufgebaut sind. Auf diese umgekehrten Trogelemente können Sitzunterlagen 59, mit den Nocken entsprechenden Verankerungsmitteln abnehmbar befestigt sein. Als Abschluß nach oben kann ein aus Normalsteinen bestehender Sturz dienen, in dem ein Geländer 60 befestigt werden kann.37 shows the use of trough stones 11 as a seat at a stadium or the like. One recognizes two trough stones 11, which are each arranged with the bottom upwards and the open sides 70 against one another and are always built up one behind the other by a full trough width. Seat supports 59 can be removably attached to these inverted trough elements with the anchoring means corresponding to the cams. A lintel made of normal stones, in which a railing 60 can be fastened, can serve as a top closure.

In den Fig. 38,39 und 40 sind Anwendungsbeispiele der Abschlußsteine dargestellt, die als Fassungen dienen können. Im Beispiel gemäß Fig. 38 sind es die Abschlußsteine 52, die entweder direkt im Boden oder in einem Fundament verankert und aneinander gereiht werden können. In Fig. 39 ist eine Anordnung mit Abschlußsteinen 40 und 37 gezeigt, wobei diese Steine eine geringere Länge als diejenigen gemäß Fig. 27 oder 29 und 30 aufweisen und mit der Stirnseite nach oben verlegt sind. In Fig.40 ist eine Einzäunung mit Abschlußsteinen 52 gezeigt, die ebenfalls kürzer sind als diejenigen gemäß Fig. 38 und ebenfalls mit ihrer Stirnseite nach oben verlegt sind.38, 39 and 40 show examples of application of the keystones which can serve as sockets. In the example according to FIG. 38, it is the keystones 52 that can be anchored either directly in the ground or in a foundation and strung together. FIG. 39 shows an arrangement with end stones 40 and 37, these stones having a shorter length than those according to FIGS. 27 or 29 and 30 and being laid with the end face upwards. In Fig. 40 a fence with keystones 52 is shown, which are also shorter than those according to Fig. 38 and are also laid with their front side up.

Anstelle der bisher beschriebenen Mauern ist es natürlich auch möglich, massive Mauern herzustellen, bei denen sich in Längsrichtung derselben die Stirnseiten der Steine berühren. Auch solche Mauern kann man senkrecht oder nach hinten geneigt, bzw. um Nockenbahnen versetzt, erstellen. Auch ist es möglich, kleinere Mauern nur mit spaltbaren Steinen 1, 18 oder 19 anzufertigen.Instead of the walls described so far, it is of course also possible to manufacture solid walls in which the end faces of the stones touch in the longitudinal direction thereof. Such walls can also be created vertically or inclined to the rear, or offset by cam tracks. It is also possible to make smaller walls only with fissile stones 1, 18 or 19.

Es ist ferner möglich, die Stützsteine 24 gemäß Fig. 7 in voller Troglänge herzustellen und sie dann als Abschlußsteine wie gemäß den Fig. 27 und 28 zu verwenden.It is also possible to produce the support stones 24 according to FIG. 7 in full trough length and then to use them as end stones as shown in FIGS. 27 and 28.

Claims (20)

1. An assembly of blocks for constructing walls with block-shaped stones (1, 18) and through- shaped stones (11, 19, 23) capable to be locked together by means of grooves provided at the upper part of the stones, characterized in that the block-stones (1, 18) and the front sides of the through-stones (11, 19, 23) have a substantially trapezoidal section, the locking groove (2, 12) surrounding the stones in the longitudinal direction and in the center thereof, perpendicularly to their base line and in that a longitudinal groove (5, 13) provided on each side of this surrounding groove, at the side (4) of the broader base line, and a longitudinal rib (7, 14) being provided at the side of the smaller base line.
2. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the block-stones (18) is approximately twice as high and three times as long as a first block-stone (1).
3. An assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of said through-stones (19) is open toward its side with the broader base line, said through-stone having three times the length of said block-stone (1).
4. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that one of said through-stones (19) is open toward its side with the broader base liner said through-stone having three times the length of said block-stone (1).
5. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that one of said through-stones (11) is open on one of its longitudinal sides (70) toward its side with the broader base line, said through-stone having twice the height an approximately three times the length of said block-stone (1),
6. An assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that the through-stone comprises, a shoulder (17) at its open longitudinal side.
7. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the longitudi- nal edges at t he side of the broader base line are in form of grips.
8. An assembly according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said block-stones comprise through holes (10,41).
9. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a supporting stone (24) fitting into said through-stone, the upper side of which having a central groove (25) and shoulders (26) corresponding to both of the longitudinal slots (5,13).
10. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises an angle stone (45) having at one side, one about a quarter of its length, indenting means (2, 5, 7) formed of central and longitudinal grooves as well as longitudinal ribs, the other side of said angle stone being roundet off and comprising a hole.
11. An assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that two angle stones (47,48) comprise each a flat part half as thick as the other part, said flat parts being provided at respective opposite locations with respect to said indenting means (2, 5, 7).
12. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a one-piece fabricated angle stone (49, 50) having indenting means (2, 5, 7) at least at the end of its posts.
13. An assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the angle stone (49) comprises a bead (3) in the central groove (2).
14. An assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that a corner (51) of the angle stone (50) is plane.
15. An assembly according to claim 14, characterized in that said corner of the angle stone comprises a hole (46).
16. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it further comprises a border stone (40) having a triangular section with flattened top, a surrounding bead (3) running through said flattened top and two longitudinal grooves (5) in the ground base and a through hole (75) in the median, the section of said through hole corresponding to the dimension of two grooves.
17. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it comprises a square border stone (52) having a groove (53) and a shoulder (54) at two of its opposite sides, said grooves and said shoulders being symetri- cally arranged with respect to each other and said shoulder corresponding to one of said longitudinal grooves (5).
18. An assembly according to claim 17, characterized in that said border stone is cleavable alonga diagonal line (61).
19. An assembly according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that said indenting means (2, 5, 7; 12, 13, 14; 25, 26) have such a configuration that they mesh with each other with a play for permitting to erect a curved wall.
20. An assembly according to one of the claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it comprises plates (29, 39) capable to be inserted into the surrounding groove (2,17,73).
EP81810089A 1981-03-10 1981-03-10 Assembly of blocks for constructing walls Expired EP0059820B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81810089A EP0059820B1 (en) 1981-03-10 1981-03-10 Assembly of blocks for constructing walls
DE8181810089T DE3163580D1 (en) 1981-03-10 1981-03-10 Assembly of blocks for constructing walls
AT81810089T ATE7523T1 (en) 1981-03-10 1981-03-10 WALL CREATION KIT.
US06/356,909 US4524551A (en) 1981-03-10 1982-03-08 Construction units for the erection of walls and method of utilization

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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EP81810089A EP0059820B1 (en) 1981-03-10 1981-03-10 Assembly of blocks for constructing walls

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EP0059820B1 true EP0059820B1 (en) 1984-05-16

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ATE7523T1 (en) 1984-06-15
DE3163580D1 (en) 1984-06-20
EP0059820A1 (en) 1982-09-15
US4524551A (en) 1985-06-25

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