EP0860550A2 - Device for planting trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The base (1) is countersunk in the ground and has vertical walls, also a cover (2) with an opening for the tree-trunk, which rests on the base. The base consists of modular blocks (4-7) fitting together via mating protrusions and recesses at their top and bottom surfaces. The blocks are prevented from sliding in relation to each other without use of an additional bonding agent. The topmost layer of base blocks can be shaped so as to give safe positioning of the cover, typically having parallel or truncated-cone protrusions against which the cover edges bear.

Description

The invention relates to a device for planting of trees and the like according to the preamble of the claim 1.

State of the art:

Trees in streets or on squares with consistently solid ones In order to thrive, rubbers need a sufficient amount Trunk surrounding area of soil that is not through any traffic-related influences condensed or may be sealed to allow gas and water exchange remains guaranteed. This is usually done by cantilevered tree grates reached, which also Prevent mechanical damage to the root area. Gratings are either matched to the grate shape In-situ concrete foundations, on curbs in frame form with Lean concrete substructure, on point foundations of the most varied Type or on combinations of finished parts and manufacture Fastenings applied. However, it has been found that this is the biological needs of the tree and its Growth requirements in no way meet.

One has therefore increasingly switched to so-called Tree quarters, tree planting quarters, tree disc systems, To provide tree planting baskets or tree bells. Some Designs lies z. B. based on the common principle that for the stabilization of each, not in itself variable grate shape engaging in the grate surface Steel structure is provided, which on the outside grate dimensions corresponding undivided rounds or square concrete frame is laid. This concrete frame only in a few cases does the claim made on him because the respective soil conditions also for the The load-bearing capacity of the foundation (concrete frame) is decisive. A self-contained framework in a given In many cases, a certain amount still requires one additional substructure, which determines the nature of the floor considered. Such foundations can also only with Protection of newly planted trees cannot be applied but when renovating old trees, as closed Frame parts once because of the undifferentiated height of the Root system does not vary according to needs and to the other around the existing tree cannot be arranged.

In the patent DE 29 20 873 an embodiment suggested using the substructure instead of one Frame, consists of a trough-like precast element, which in shows breakthroughs in its wall and in the floor. The one-piece trough-like formation of the substructure has the Advantage that, for example, even at very high loads by driving the device with heavy vehicles, the entire trough remains stable in position. The disadvantage is however, that for each size of such "tree quarters" special trough must be made and also stored. In addition, the trough has an enormous weight, so that it can only be moved with machine help.

In DE-OS 25 17 949 a substructure is proposed consists of individual foundations. This is one Adaptation to the desired size of one of the tree quarters easily possible, the exact establishment of the individual foundations is however expensive and the risk of individual seating Foundations is significant.

Object and advantage of the invention:

The object of the present invention is therefore that Avoid and disadvantages of the prior art To propose tree quarters that can withstand high loads as well as the provision of different dimensions without a significant manufacturing and storage overhead enables easy portability.

This task is initially characterized by the features of the claim 1 solved.

In the subclaims are advantageous and expedient Developments of the device according to the invention specified.

The invention relates to a device for planting of trees and the like, especially in traffic areas from which a substructure that can be lowered into the floor with an substantially vertical wall and a cover unit with a recess for the tree trunk, which on the Substructure is arranged. The main idea of the invention lies now in the fact that the substructure consists of modular building blocks is built up on the top and bottom fitting interlocking elevations and depressions have so that even without additional binders as in the building blocks of a dry masonry are arranged to each other. In this way one can achieve enormous flexibility because by using the modular building blocks based on a modular principle a variety of dimensions in terms of length and width as well as the Depth of a substructure in the subsoil becomes possible. Here the manufacturing effort and warehousing are reduced on just a few "standard modules" with which the entire substructure can be built, which ultimately leads to leads to considerable cost savings. The standard sizes the blocks are preferably designed so that a Single block easily by hand without additional aids is to be moved. In addition, the storage and Transport effort simply because the modular building blocks can be put together compactly and thus save space. In addition, initial investigations have already shown that for the construction of a substructure according to the invention in one average subsurface except one Leveling layer no foundation is required.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention include the top layer of modular building blocks (Keystones) of the substructure means for positioning the Cover unit. This makes it safe to move Interaction of the substructure and the cover unit in the Forces in the event of loads caused by e.g. B. Vehicles guaranteed.

It is particularly preferred if the agents are at least one arranged on the top of a building block or include truncated cone-like elevation to which an outer edge the cover unit strikes. This measure has the advantage that loads the wall of the substructure inwards want to be pressed by the cover unit can and thus the positional stability of the substructure is ensured.

In a further embodiment of the invention Invention, the means include at least one at the Top of a block arranged cone or truncated cone-like elevation, which in a corresponding Recess of the cover unit engages. This also allows Forces that push the wall of the substructure inwards be intercepted, but also those that cover the wall of the Push the base outwards. In particular a combination of surveys that serve as a stop with surveys that engage in a recess of the cover unit leads to a particularly effective way to use forces from the Take up the wall of the substructure and at the same time the Attach the cover unit so that it cannot move.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the positioning means comprise at least one the top of a block trained heel on which strikes an outer edge of the cover unit. At this Embodiment has the advantage that not only Wall forces can be absorbed by the cover unit, but additionally and especially if the paragraph is flush with the top edge of the cover unit, a transition to an adjacent floor covering, for example one Pavement is created.

Around the root system of a tree the possibility of lateral To extend, it is also proposed that in the Wall of the substructure provided at least one recess is.

To provide a statically sufficient dimensioned substructure even with larger substructure depths it is also proposed that to support the wall of the substructure at least one essentially perpendicular from protruding from the wall and pointing into the interior of the substructure Cross support is provided.

For a secure connection of the cross support to the wall It is also proposed that at least one building block of the cross support in the wall intervenes. This is due to the use of modular Building blocks, for example based on the principle of layering made from runner stones in a particularly simple manner.

Furthermore, it is preferred if in the case of several Cross supports have different widths and heights. In this way, the substructure is dependent on the Forces that act on a wall area in its Specially adapted design.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the substructure is rectangular, square in plan view or round. This represents a comparatively inexpensive and especially simple with modular building blocks Realization possibility.

To ensure that the modular components interlock securely achieve, it is also proposed that on a Building block at least two surveys and deepening are provided. It is advantageous if the on the Elevations arranged on the top of the module components are peg-shaped and / or are frustoconical and in matching holes intervene on the underside of the building blocks. At this Design is such. B. avoided that in the holes before Put on the next stone of unwanted material penetrates. However, it is also possible to assign the Elevations and depressions to the top and bottom of a Reverse building blocks or alternate.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the Cover unit made of a grate, which advantageously consists of several interconnectable grate sections made of cast iron or Combined concrete cast iron material is made. Such cover units can absorb enormous loads and are almost indestructible.

Finally, there is another embodiment the invention characterized in that the dimensions of the modular Building blocks and the dimensions of different grate sizes are coordinated. This measure has the advantage that although the possibility of diverse Dimensional variations of the device according to the invention, a Facilitate manufacturing and storage with a corresponding cost saving is guaranteed.

The solution to the problem of the invention is also achieved by Features of claim 15 solved. Claim 15 and that subsequent sub-claims are hereby repeated and are also part of the description. So that will at the same time a precast set is provided that where it comes to the variable, also temporary design with releasably connectable parts goes, for. B. in landscape, Civil engineering, civil engineering and road construction, in the latter part about Protection of traffic routes, can be used.

For example, the foundation of any tree grate sizes and shapes with 4 different arcuate and / or 4 straight, different length connector types (modular building blocks) which are based on the Overlap points of contact. The element types are secure connection to each other as molded parts for an immediately detachable, positive connection executed.

The arrangement of the individual parts can be completely Requires either closed foundation pages, all of them designed fronts, e.g. B. along pipelines, or but root openings of different arrangement and Make cross sections. Although compared to others Systems only a relatively small number of each other coordinated component types must be available different sizes and shapes, also in height, depth, Width, length, cross section variable foundations as Edge support for self-supporting tree protection grids of any kind Dimensions are created. The individual components have a such a size and weight that it without Use of lifting device can be relocated. With regard to the Assembly is only important to note that the individual levels and the corresponding joints on the joints (Mergers) of exact height determinations according to the size of the individual parts and the number of parts are determined.

To be arranged with the provision of spacers between the fasteners halfway up the Finished parts, intended growth openings be created.

If this proves to be expedient, you can use the top row of connecting elements and / or others Additional parts made of steel or in combination concrete / steel the seams are attached that they have increased requirements for the respective tree protection grate, the grate to the outside limit as well as a connecting edge for a planned or existing surface fastenings result.

Drawings:

Fig. 1a - 1c

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel in Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A-B in einer Draufsicht sowie in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2a - 2c

ein modularer Baustein in der Draufsicht, in der Seitenansicht und in einer vergrößerten Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A-B,

Fig. 3a - 3c

einen weiteren modularen Baustein in den Ansichten gemäß Fig. 2a - 2c,

Fig. 4a - 4c

einen erfindungsgemäßen Abschlußstein in der Draufsicht, in der Seitenansicht und in einer vergrößerten Schnittansicht entlang der Schnittlinie A-B,

Fig. 5a - 5b

eine Anordnung von erfindungsgemäßen Abschlußsteinen mit eingefügtem Abdeckrost in der Draufsicht und in der Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6a - 6c

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung in den gleichen Ansichten wie in Fig. 1a - 1c mit Querstützen,

Fig. 7

die Anordnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Baumquartiers auf einem herkömmlichen Untergrund.

Fig. 8

Draufsicht auf einen kombinierten runden und quardratischen Baumschutzrost, dessen Fundamentierung aus 4 unterschiedlich bogenförmigen und 4 unterschiedlich langen Verbindungselementtypen (modulare Bausteine) im Verbund gebildet wird,

Fig. 9

Draufsicht auf rundes Baumschutzrostsegment, das nur im Randbereich mittig auf einer aus 2 geraden Verbindungselementtypen und 1 bogenförmigen Verbindungselementtyp gebildeten Fundamentierung aufliegt,

Fig. 10

Isometrische Darstellung einer zur Erfindung alternativen Ausführungsform einer mittels Abstandshaltern im Abstand angeordneten, durchlaufenden oberen und unteren Reihe, gebildet aus 2 geraden Verbindungselementtypen, über Pfosten gelenkig verbunden,

Fig. 11

Einzelheiten des variablen Fundamiterungssystems nach Fig. 9

a) Ausschnitt in Draufsicht

b) in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 12

Draufsicht auf und Seitenansicht von 4 Zusatzteilvarianten a) - d), angeordnet über der oberen Reihe von Verbindungselementen

e) vergrößerte Seitenansicht der Variante a),

Fig. 13

Verbindungspfosten auf Bodenplatte für eine alternative Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 10

a) in Seitenansicht und Draufsicht

b) mit Dornfortsatz.

Several exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, giving further advantages and details. Show it

1a-1c

1 shows a first exemplary embodiment in a sectional view along the section line AB in a plan view and in a side view,

2a-2c

a modular component in plan view, in side view and in an enlarged sectional view along the section line AB,

3a-3c

a further modular component in the views according to FIGS. 2a - 2c,

4a-4c

a cap stone according to the invention in plan view, in side view and in an enlarged sectional view along the section line AB,

Figures 5a - 5b

an arrangement of capstones according to the invention with inserted grating in plan view and in side view

6a-6c

another embodiment of the invention in the same views as in Fig. 1a - 1c with cross supports,

Fig. 7

the arrangement of a tree district according to the invention on a conventional surface.

Fig. 8

Top view of a combined round and square tree protection grate, the foundation of which is formed from 4 differently arch-shaped and 4 differently long connecting element types (modular building blocks) in combination,

Fig. 9

Top view of a round tree protection grate segment, which only rests centrally in the edge area on a foundation formed from 2 straight connection element types and 1 arch-shaped connection element type,

Fig. 10

Isometric representation of an alternative embodiment to the invention of a continuous upper and lower row arranged at a distance by means of spacers, formed from 2 straight connecting element types, articulated by means of posts,

Fig. 11

Details of the variable foundation system according to FIG. 9

a) Section in top view

b) in side view,

Fig. 12

Top view and side view of 4 additional part variants a) - d), arranged above the upper row of connecting elements

e) enlarged side view of variant a),

Fig. 13

Connecting posts on the base plate for an alternative embodiment according to FIG. 10

a) in side view and top view

b) with spinous process.

Description of the embodiments:

A first exemplary embodiment is shown in FIGS. 1a-1c presented the invention. The tree district according to the invention consists of a substructure 1 and a cover grate 2, which for Example four grate sections and an opening 2a for one Has tree trunk. The cover grate 2 lies on the substructure 1 and overlaps the wall 3 of the substructure by one half the block and thus wall width b / 2.

For the base 1 of the first embodiment a total of four different embodiments 4, 5, 6, 7 of modular building blocks. In a lowest position comes first only the modular component 4 (for example with the grid dimension b x 3b) for use. The next two Building blocks are congruent, with the modular component 5 (grid dimension b x b) and the modular one Module 6 (pitch b x 2b) can be used. The Blocks 5 are arranged with a space and cover the joints of the blocks 4 of the lowest layer. Building block 6 is used as a corner stone and also covers the Butt joints of the building blocks arranged below. The Spaces serve as lateral growth openings 8 for e.g. B. a tree planted in the substructure. Downwards the substructure is completely open anyway. As the top one Location on the base are keystones 7 with the same Grid dimensions (w x 3b) like those used in the lowest layer Building blocks 4 and also congruent to the lowest layer arranged. As already mentioned, the Cover grating 2 (grid dimensions 16b x 16b) on the keystones 7 on. The building blocks 5 and 6 are shown in FIGS. 2a-2c and 3a - 3c shown in detail. The block 6 has two parallel rows with 4 equidistantly arranged Elevations 9 in the form of truncated cones on the top of the Steins and wells arranged congruently underneath in the form of cylindrical recesses with a chamfer 11. The Truncated cones 9 and the cylindrical recesses 10 are dimensioned so that a truncated cone 9 in a Recess 10 fits. Overall, it is a Screening, which is very similar to that of plug-in toys "Lego principle" used. According to this principle is also the case with the modular components used Grid of the truncated cones and cylindrical recesses all building blocks the same. The in Figures 3a to 3c shown block 5 (pitch b x b) is just half as much as large as the block 6. The keystone 7 (Fig. 4a to 4c) has the same cylindrical shape on the underside Recesses 10 like the other modular components 4, 5, 6 on. However, the top of the stone differs for the inclusion of the grating 2 or the implementation of a Transition to an adjacent one, for example Paving stone pad. To this end, the top covers each Keystone z. B. two truncated cones 12 on one Paragraph 13 are arranged (see. Fig. 4a and 4c) and in corresponding recesses (not shown) of the cover grate 2 intervention. In the event that this is elongated Acting recesses is thus positioning in one Direction, namely against the longitudinal axis of the recess, fixed. In order to also cover the grate 2 in the other direction To be able to fix securely are outside of paragraph 13 but immediately adjacent two further truncated cones 14 provided that the paragraph 13 up to the height of the truncated cones 12 tower above. At the truncated cones 14 is that in Fig. 4a indicated outer edge 15 of the grating 2 and is thus in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the keystone 7 fixed.

Paragraph 13 essentially has the task of covering the grate 2 opposite the outer surface of the Keystone, that is compared to that of the cover grate 2 overlapped area, so high that easy a row of connections to a z. B. adjacent Paving stone support, which requires a minimum height, can be relocated.

A further possibility is shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b Design of the keystone shown. This Keystone 17 has a paragraph 18 in the Cover grate 2 not overlapped area, so that at cover grate the surface of the heel with the Surface of the grate is flush. In addition to leveling the paragraph 18 serves as a stop for the outer edge 15 of the Grate 2 and thus to fix it. For an additional Protection against displacement of the position of the grating 2 can as shown in dashed lines in Fig. 5b, knob-like or truncated cone-like elevations 19 are provided, which in engage the corresponding recesses in the grating.

To at a joint of two keystones 17 in Corner area of the substructure a complete frame area generate is a filler block 20 in the embodiment intended. The visible frame area of the keystone, So the surface of paragraph 18 can be used for realization an appealing overall impression as desired with the respective intent, for example an adjacent one Paving stone support 21 are executed.

Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c presented the invention. This embodiment is correct in essentially the same as the first embodiment. However, in the wall sections of the substructure 1 Cross supports 22 pointing vertically into the interior of the substructure inserted. The cross supports 22, which is also the task of Foreclosures are primarily used to: Wall of the substructure 1 against, for example, soil pressure from support outside. This is particularly necessary if the soil pressure is applied to deeper tree quarters increases from the outside.

The cross supports 22 can be particularly easily with the Realize modular system. This will For example, a block 6 with the grid dimension b x 2b to the lowest layer of the wall of the substructure laid out vertically. The now normally following module 5 in the wall of the Substructure is so by a module 4 (grid size b x 3b) replaced that he points inside the substructure. this applies also for the module that follows in the third layer.

This makes it easy to use the cross support Connect the rest of the modular structure of the substructure wall. Each according to the size of the lateral forces to be absorbed, the number the cross supports increased and / or their dimensions accordingly be interpreted.

In addition, in FIG. 7 there is a in a floor pit 23 arranged substructure 1 according to the invention is shown. It is essential here that the substructure according to the invention no foundation or the like is required. It is perfect sufficient if a pit with an appropriate Leveling is provided. Present and only exemplary the leveling consists of a condensed Gravel layer 24 with a fine planum attached to it made of sand. With densely stored floors, even on the Gravel layer 24 can be dispensed with, so that a layer of sand is sufficient as a leveling.

Further exemplary embodiments according to the invention are shown in FIGS 8 and 9 and 11 and 12 are shown. Tree protection grates round or rectangular, there are different sizes. There they are generally unsupported, they only need one Edge support. To such an edge support for any Tree grate sizes and shapes (diameter, width / length) To ensure it is enough if for a circular Rust or its segments for their foundations up to 4 arched, coordinated in their radii Connection element types (modular components) 320; 321; 322; 323 and 4 straight, matched in length Connector types 330; 331; 332; 333 ready be (Fig. 8). Based on a grid dimension between Rust closures from e.g. B. 16 cm result for the 4th arcuate connector types consecutive coordinated radii of curvature: 48 cm, 96 cm, 160 cm and 224 cm, for the 4 straight ones the coordinated Different lengths of hole center from: 32 cm, 48 cm, 64 cm and 96 cm. The length of the straight and arcuate elements by the length or width of the Individual segments of the grate determined. The width and height of the Fasteners are made according to stability, manufacturing and functional aspects chosen because with a as simple as possible a variety of Design options should be captured.

9 are according to the external dimensions of the Grate segments 32.1 from the precast set 3 Connector types required: 2 just different long: 331; 332 and 1 arcuate: 323, since according to FIG. 9 the inner sector of Fig. 8 because of the large shown Cross-section of tree trunk is not applicable. The circular Sub-segments contain the arcuate connecting elements 321; 322; 323, of which in the example because of the Edge support but only Type 323 is needed from the straight Elements of types 331 and 332. Of course you can all arcs, in the case of rectangular shapes, the straight parts - depending on the desired grate size - with the appropriate Fastening elements can be equipped as edge foundations.

With Fig. 9, in terms of the connection means alternative embodiment to the invention is shown, however, the arrangement of the connecting elements (modular Modules) can be adopted according to the invention immediately made clear, on the one hand, how by means of Spacers 360 desired and required Growth openings 380 for tree roots 31.1 second, how can it be guaranteed that the elements 332; 333 and 332.1; 333.1 to the Contact points 340 directly at each other at the same level connect. The parts are in their two end regions 341, which have openings 342 shaped so that in alternating arrangement the "upper" side 334 of one Connecting element 332 or 332.1 on the "lower" side 335 of the adjacent connecting element of type 333 or 333.1 comes to overlap; "top" side can alternate also be "lower" side and vice versa. In the illustration 10 is 1 spacer 360 between each upper and lower row of fasteners arranged. Each anchored to a base plate 311 Connecting post 310, which is not for the invention Come into use, take the fasteners over their Openings 342; 361 in this alternative embodiment on.

Over the end parts 310.1 of the connecting posts 310 are the Additional parts 370; 371 (see Fig. 12 a) - d)) in terms of area lockable via its recesses 375. The additional parts can also serve as an external boundary for the Tree protection grate 2 as well as a border for the connection any coverings 33 (plasters, slabs, etc.) are used.

Fig. 11 b) shows how on grown soil Foundation taking into account the tree root course 31.1 is carried out for a tree protection grate segment according to FIG. 11 a). The foundation is going from bottom to top Consideration of the connecting elements 323 / 323.1 for the Arches made in rows. Growth openings are 380 enabled via spacers 360. Where there are none Connectors 320-323; 330 - 333 overlap are for a flush connection terminating elements 350 are provided. in the For example, the top row consists of a cross-section reinforced connecting elements 331.1; 332.1 and 323.1 as Support elements.

Even if in particular larger and therefore heavier tree grates 2 lie firmly due to their own weight, without special need to be held, additional parts 370; 371 both as an outer boundary for the tree grate 2 as also as a border for the connection of any coverings 33, such as Plasters, slabs, etc., recommend. That in Fig. 12 a) additional part 370 shown is made from a Flat steel angle part 370.1 with a square tube 370.2 formed, on which the grate 2 is placed. That the Additional parts taking up the entire contact surface is not required. A widened bearing surface 372 Static reasons can be the metal part 370 partly with at the ends of the flat steel angle parts 370.1 extended recesses to the edge of the Connecting element can be reached (Fig. 12 b)). The Flat steel angle part can also be designed in this way (Fig. 12 c)) that on the support side the entire width of the Connecting element 330 occupies. Another Embodiment, additional part 371, is as a concrete 371.1 and flat steel 371.2 combined angle piece, which the underlying connector as Cover element in full width and length and how described before, is locked (Fig. 12 d)). Fig. 12 e) an enlarged view of the side view of Fig. 12 a) and clarifies the structural design, also for Locking.

13 a) and b) show the connecting posts 310 on one Bottom plate 11 in side view and top view, wherein after 13 b) additionally a vertical spinous process 312 is provided for stabilization in the ground contributes.

The connecting elements are preferably made of concrete, can be reinforced with steel or as required also a larger cross-section as support elements exhibit.

According to the embodiment of the invention can under Dispense with the connection post 310 and thus under No openings 342, 351, 361 in elements 320 - 323, 330 - 333 in conjunction with 341 as well as 350 and 360 a shift-proof connection also achieved thereby that the components themselves, the connecting elements 320 - 323 and 330 - 333 only in their end regions 341, as preferably directly detachable, form-fitting Molded concrete parts are executed. As geometric shapes for such a form closure come for example pyramid-shaped or frustoconical or knob-shaped or spherical or other designs into consideration with which primarily also in terms of production technology and Simple plug connections according to the application interlocking surfaces can be realized, d. H. Surfaces that match with a counterpart.

If the connection post 310 is omitted, the base plate 311 in coordination with the selected geometric shape the elements, e.g. B. corresponding pyramid-shaped Surveys and impressions, and then can design overall itself, including and as a variation of 12, also made of concrete are manufactured so that all components of the Precast set consist of a single material. In in this case, the additional part 370; 371 if one such as an edge bracket to the grate 2; 32.1 against Move to secure, and / or as an increase in circulation to to overcome a height difference to a pavement connection, required or desired as a unit as a whole designed from concrete, for example in the sense of that in FIG. 12 illustrated embodiment, the locking with a form-fitting matched to the other components Connection is established.

The shown in Figures 8, 9 and 11 a and in the Description shown tree grate is from the patent application P 30 29 590.0-23 previously known; in combination with the The finished part set becomes a suitable, complete system provided with which regardless of the grate shape in their areal extent and regardless of the Soil quality / depth / the course of the root and the Arrangement uniform, adapted to the respective situation Solutions are made possible.

Claims (20)

Device for planting trees and the like, in particular in traffic areas, consisting of a substructure (1) which can be lowered into the ground with essentially vertical wall and a cover unit (2) with a Recess for the tree trunk on the substructure (1) rests, characterized in that the substructure modular building blocks (4, 5, 6, 7, 17) is built on the the top and bottom each interlocking Have elevations (9) and depressions (10), so that also the building blocks (4, 5, 6, 7, 17) without additional binders are arranged securely to each other. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the top layer of modular building blocks (7, 17) of the Substructure (1) means (12, 14, 18) for secure positioning the cover unit include. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the means at least one on the top of a block arranged cone or truncated cone-like elevation (14) to which an outer edge (15) of the cover unit (2) strikes. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized characterized in that the means at least one on the Top of a block arranged cone or comprise frustoconical elevation (12), which in a engage the corresponding recess in the cover unit 2. Device according to claim 2 or 4, characterized characterized in that the means at least one on the Comprise the top of a block-shaped shoulder (18), to which an outer edge (15) of the cover unit strikes. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the wall of the substructure (1) at least one recess (8) is provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to support the wall of the Substructure (1) at least one essentially perpendicular from cross support protruding from the wall into the interior of the substructure (22) is provided. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one component of the cross support (22) in the wall of the substructure (1) engages. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized characterized in that there are several cross supports (22), which have different widths and / or heights. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substructure (1) in the Top view is rectangular, square or round. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on a module (4, 5, 6) at least two elevations (9) and depressions (10) are provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the on top of the Module block arranged surveys (9) and / or are frustoconical and in matching holes (10) engage the bottom of the building blocks. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover unit (2) is a grate from several interconnectable grate sections made of cast iron or combined concrete-cast iron material. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the dimensions of the modular building blocks (4, 5, 6, 7, 17) and the dimensions of different grids (2) on top of each other are coordinated. Precast set for variable design in Height / depth / width / length / cross section of support and / or Separators in construction, e.g. B. for variable customizable foundation for tree grates (2) consisting of arcuate, coordinated in their radii Connecting elements (320; 321; 322; 323;) and straight, in connecting elements (330; 331; 332; 333) for a concentric or concentric / rectangular Laying, spacers (360) for growth openings (380) according to local needs between the parts, closing elements (350) at not more complete circular and / or rectangular Relocation to form a flush conclusion, Base plates (311) and additional parts (370; 371), which if necessary, over the top row of connecting elements (320 - 323; 330 - 333; 350) at the seams with the Possibility of locking can be attached with a connection side (373) to the grate (2) and one Connection side (374) for surface mounting (33), the Components for secure connection to each other as Molded parts for an immediately detachable, form-fitting Connection are made, optionally according to the requirements one element type or several or all of the aforementioned Element types in different quantities can be combined with one another. Prefabricated part set according to claim 15, characterized in that for any tree grate sizes and shapes Foundation in the area extension by 4 arched Connection element types (320; 321; 322; 323) with different radius of curvature, with a grid dimension between rust closures of e.g. B. 16 cm: 48 cm, 96 cm, 160 cm and 224 cm, and 4 straight connector types (330; 331; 332; 333) of different lengths, with a grid dimension from Z. B. 16 cm: 32 cm, 48 cm, 64 cm and 96 cm from the center of the hole is formed to the center of the hole. Precast set according to claim 15 and / or 16, characterized characterized in that for the form closure such geometric Shapes are provided which are too technical inexpensive to manufacture and easy to install Elements (320 - 323, 330 - 333; 360; 350; 311, 370; 371) to lead. Prefabricated part set according to claim 17, characterized in that the plug connection for the form closure pyramid-shaped or is frustoconical or knob-shaped or spherical. Precast set according to one or more of the preceding claims 16 - 18, characterized in that all elements (320 - 323, 330 - 333; 360; 350; 311; 370, 371), d. H. including the additional parts, made of concrete consist. Precast set according to one or more of the preceding claims 15 - 19 in connection with tree grates according to patent application P 30 29 590.0-23 as functional Tree protection unit.

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