EP0170113B1 - Building block - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Building block with a longitudinal member (1) and two transverse members (2) projecting from the ends thereof, e. g. a C or H- shaped building block, wherein end surfaces (5) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) of the building block are formed with a relief, characterized in that the relief in the end surfaces (5) is formed by recesses, e. g. grooves (5'), running through in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4), in that with a building block, formed as a C-shaped building block, both the outer end surfaces (5) of the transverse members (2) and also the outer face (5) of the longitudinal member (1) are formed with a relief and in that with an H-shaped building block, merely the outer end surfaces (5) of the building block directed away from the longitudinal member (1) and running substantially transverse thereto are provided with a relief, and in that holes (6) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) are provided in the building block for reinforcing or connecting bars (10, 11).

Description

The invention relates to a block with a longitudinal beam and projecting from the ends of two transverse beams, for. B. C- or H-shaped block, vertical end faces are formed with a relief to the bearing surfaces of the block.

There are various types of exposed wall blocks for various types of visible wall constructions known, for. B. for fence walls, noise or privacy walls, embankment, support or terrace walls, rock cladding or the like.

From US-A-1 485 007 a building block is known which is designed in a substantially U-shaped plan view and has a longitudinal bar and two transverse bars projecting therefrom in the same direction, which define an essentially cuboid free space between them. The side surfaces aligned parallel to the extension of the longitudinal beam are provided with horizontally running ribs and the surfaces running transversely to the longitudinal beam are provided with ribs running from top to bottom. The purpose of the ribs is to prevent relative movements of the nested modules in an arrangement of modules in which crossbars of adjacent modules intervene in the free spaces of the other modules. In this way, a wall with a particularly strong bond should be obtained from these building blocks.

FR-A-1 021 666 shows in a cross-sectionally U-shaped building block with through holes provided in the area of its legs, which are not intended to receive reinforcement and concrete. Rather, these holes only serve to reduce weight, whereas concrete and reinforcements can be introduced into an upwardly open channel of the block.

A module known from FR-A-1 265 140 has a longitudinal bar and two transverse bars. However, this building block can only be used as a paving stone, in particular for bank reinforcement, the crossbeams equipped with thickened heads fitting into one another like a puzzle and resulting in a particularly strong bond.

The invention has for its object to provide a wall panel that can be used advantageously for several types of wall structures and is easy to manufacture. The solution to this issue is based on a module as described at the beginning and known from US-A-1 485 007.

The invention consists in a block of the type mentioned in that the relief in the end faces through in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces through recesses, for. B. grooves is formed that in a block designed as a C-shaped block, both the outer end faces of the crossbar and the outer end face of the longitudinal beam is formed with a relief or that in an H-shaped block only the outer, pointing away from the longitudinal beam and to this substantially transverse end faces of the block are provided with a relief, and that holes are provided for reinforcement or connecting rods in the block to the bearing surfaces. The design of the outer end face with a relief enables the module to be used for wall constructions with an attractive appearance of the visible surface. The shape of the building block according to the invention with longitudinal and transverse beams enables laying with gaps (grid wall) or in a tight bond. The spaces between the bars can be filled with a variety of backfill materials, such as. B. concrete or earth. The bars protruding into the backfill material result in a toothing and a particularly strong bond between the building blocks and the backfill material. The features listed in claim 2 enable vertical reinforcement of walls and are particularly important in the construction of arcuate lattice walls. Grooves in the bearing surfaces of the blocks are used to insert bars for horizontal reinforcement.

With regard to the various installation options and a particularly appealing appearance that can be achieved in any case, the features stated in claims 3 to 5 are advantageous.

The invention also extends to a wall, e.g. B. cladding wall formed from backfill material, e.g. B. Concrete, mortar, earth and building blocks, according to one of claims 1 to 6. This wall is characterized in that the building blocks are laid one on top of the other in a closed structure, the end faces of the longitudinal or transverse beams, which are designed as visible surfaces, being the viewing plane of the Form the wall and the other bar is surrounded by the backfill material of the wall.

C-shaped building blocks are preferably used for cladding walls or free-standing walls of greater thickness.

For massive walls of smaller thickness with a concrete core, H-shaped building blocks are preferably used, the free spaces between the beams being filled with concrete. In this way, both sides of the wall can easily be designed as a visible wall.

Another wall, e.g. B. a cladding wall, which is formed from backfill material, in particular earth and building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized according to the invention in that the building blocks are laid only with the support surfaces of the crossbeams on top of each other in an open association, the end faces designed as visible surfaces the longitudinal or the transverse bar form the plane of sight of the wall and the other bar from the rear Filling material of the wall is surrounded and, in the case of holes of the building blocks perpendicular to the bearing surfaces, the holes of the building block layers are aligned and the holes on the slope to form a wall capable of being subjected to bending with a slope-side tensile zone can receive reinforcement or connecting rods and can be poured with concrete, whereas the air-side holes to form a pressure zone can be omitted or filled with concrete without reinforcement and in the case of grooves arranged on at least one bearing surface, anchoring or connecting rods are optionally arranged in these, which extend into the body of the wall.

In this embodiment too, C-shaped building blocks are preferably used for cladding walls or for free-standing walls of greater thickness. If both sides of the wall are to be designed as a visible wall, the C-shaped building blocks are arranged on both sides of the wall. Freestanding walls of smaller thickness, e.g. B. Enclosure walls, in which both sides of the wall are designed as visible sides, are usually constructed from H-shaped building blocks and earth as backfill material. If soil is used as backfill material, continuous earth pillars are formed, which can be greened even with smaller wall thicknesses.

Within the scope of the wall types of claims 7 and 8 described above, different variants of the laying are possible, a part of which is described below with reference to the drawings.

• Grundriß 32 x 24 (12) cm, Bauhöhe 11 cm
• Grundriß 48 x 36 (18) cm, Bauhöhe 16 cm
• Grundriß 96 x 72 (36) cm, Bauhöhe 24 cm
• Mit Bausteinen dieser drei Dimensionen kann bei den oben genannten Wand-Grundtypen der Ansprüche 7 und 8 allen Anforderungen entsprochen werden.

The module according to the invention is preferably produced in three sizes; the width of the rectangular floor plan for the C-shaped stone (given in brackets below) is expediently about half that of the H-shaped stone. The dimensions can e.g. B. be as follows:

• Floor plan 32 x 24 (12) cm, height 11 cm
• Floor plan 48 x 36 (18) cm, height 16 cm
• Floor plan 96 x 72 (36) cm, height 24 cm
• With blocks of these three dimensions, all requirements can be met in the above-mentioned basic wall types of claims 7 and 8.

It is Z. B. possible with the large stones to produce heavy cladding for concrete walls of architecture or engineering, further z. B. grid-shaped facing walls of retaining walls, but also free-standing noise and privacy walls, bank and embankment walls u. The like. The middle building blocks are also used for the production of cladding, more in the area of medium-sized objects such as pedestrian underpasses, exposed walls in building construction, but also for erecting free-standing walls. The small building block is primarily designed for the home - garden area. With this small building block z. B. cladding of house sock, fence masonry u. Like. Are produced, but also smaller embankment and terrace walls.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

• Figur 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen C-förmigen Baustein,
• Figuren 2, 3 eine mit geschlossenen verlegten Bausteinen nach Figur 1 errichtete Wand in Grund- bzw. Aufriß,
• Figuren 4, 5 eine mit gitterartig verlegten Bausteinen nach Figur 1 errichtete Wand in Grund- bzw. Aufriß,
• Figur 6 eine mit Bausteinen nach Figur 1 errichtete Wand, deren beide Seiten als Sichtflächen gestaltet sind, im Grundriß,
• Figur 7 einen mit Bausteinen nach Figur 1 errichteten Pfeiler im Grundriß,
• Figur 8 einen erfindungsgemäßen H-förmigen Baustein,
• Figuren 9 bis 11 jeweils verschiedene, aus Bausteinen nach Figur 8 errichtete Wände im Grundriß,
• Figur 12 eine weitere Ausführungsform einer mit Bausteinen nach Figur 8 errichteten Wand in Schrägansicht,
• Figur 13 zwei erfindungsgemäße C-förmige Bausteine, die zur Bildung eines H-förmigen Bausteins aneinanderlegbar sind,
• Figuren 14, 15 andere Ausführungsformen von H-förmigen Bausteinen,
• Figur 16 zwei aus erfindungsgemäßen Bausteinen gebildete Balken in Draufsicht und
• Figur 17 eine Wand ähnlich Figur 10, jedoch mit einer lediglich hangseitigen Bewehrung.

In it shows or show

• FIG. 1 shows a C-shaped building block according to the invention,
• FIGS. 2, 3 show a wall erected with closed, installed building blocks according to FIG. 1 in plan or elevation,
• FIGS. 4 and 5 show a wall erected with grid-like building blocks according to FIG. 1 in plan or elevation,
• FIG. 6 shows a wall constructed with building blocks according to FIG. 1, the two sides of which are designed as visible surfaces, in plan view,
• 7 shows a pillar erected with building blocks according to FIG. 1, in the plan view,
• FIG. 8 shows an H-shaped building block according to the invention,
• FIGS. 9 to 11 each have different walls built from building blocks according to FIG. 8,
• FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment of a wall erected with building blocks according to FIG. 8 in an oblique view,
• FIG. 13 shows two C-shaped building blocks according to the invention, which can be put together to form an H-shaped building block,
• FIGS. 14, 15 other embodiments of H-shaped building blocks,
• 16 shows two beams formed from building blocks according to the invention in plan view and
• 17 shows a wall similar to FIG. 10, but with only reinforcement on the slope side.

A module shown in Figure 1 consists of. a longitudinal bar 1 and two cross bars 2 projecting from its ends. On all bars 1 and 2 of the C-shaped building block, the vertical, outer end faces 5 to the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 are designed as visible surfaces with a relief. The relief consists of recesses in the end faces 5 in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 in the form of grooves 5 '. The end faces 5 with the relief are convexly curved in their respective longitudinal directions. They also merge into one another via chamfered surfaces 5 ", which are formed in the shape of a flute. At the cut edge with the upper bearing surface 3, the end faces 5 are chamfered at 5" 'in the form of a flute.

In the module according to FIG. 1, holes 6 are provided at the intersections of the beams 1, 2 to the bearing surfaces 3 and 4. On both bearing surfaces 3 and 4, grooves 7 which extend transversely to the longitudinal beam 1 and extend from the holes 6 to the end of the cross beam 2 are also excluded. Connecting or anchoring bars for the vertical or horizontal reinforcement can be inserted or inserted into the holes 6 and grooves 7, as will be explained in more detail below.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show a wall constructed from building blocks according to FIG. 1 in a closed association and from backfill material 8, such as mortar or concrete. The end face 5 of the longitudinal beam 1, designed as a visible surface, forms the visible side of the wall. The crossbeams 2 are surrounded by the backfill material 8. The given thereby Interlocking between the building blocks and the backfill material gives the wall excellent strength. On the left in FIG. 2 it is indicated how a building object 9 is covered by the wall. Anchoring rods 10, which connect the building blocks to the clad building object 9, run through the holes 6 or in the grooves 7. On the right in FIG. 2, the building blocks together with the backfill material 8 (concrete) form a free-standing wall, the building blocks also serving as formwork on one side.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a wall formed from building blocks according to FIG. 1 and from any backfill material 8. The building blocks are lattice-like. H. only with the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of the crossbeams 2 lying on top of each other, laid in an open bond. The end face 5 of the longitudinal beam 1, designed as a visible face, forms the visible side of the wall. The outer end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2, which are also designed as a visible surface, are visible because of the gaps remaining in the visible side of the wall. The crossbeams 2 are surrounded by the backfill material 8. The holes 6 in the modules arranged one above the other are aligned with one another and accommodate vertical connecting rods 11. Horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 are also arranged in the grooves 7 of the building blocks lying one on top of the other. The vertical and horizontal bars 11 and 12 can be connected to each other. In FIG. 4 on the left, where a rock cladding is shown, the horizontal anchoring or connecting rods 12 extend into the rock 13. In FIG. 4 on the right, the horizontal rods 12 connect the building blocks arranged on both sides of a free-standing wall.

FIG. 6 shows a free-standing wall similar to FIG. 4 on the right, but the building blocks according to FIG. 1 are laid on both sides of the wall in a closed structure.

FIG. 7 shows a pillar constructed from building blocks according to FIG. 1, which is formed on all sides with visible surfaces.

The building block shown in FIG. 8 is H-shaped and has approximately the shape of two building blocks according to FIG. 1, which are juxtaposed with the vertical outer end faces 5 of the two longitudinal beams 1. In the module according to FIG. 8, only the outer end faces 5 of the crossbar 2 are end faces formed with a relief. The arrangement of the holes 6, which are provided here in the middle of the crossbar 2, is different from the embodiment in FIG. In addition, the grooves 7 extending transversely to the longitudinal beam 1 in the bearing surfaces 3 and 4 of the H-shaped module do not start from the holes 6 in the exemplary embodiment shown.

The wall shown in FIG. 9 is made up of blocks laid in a closed structure according to FIG. 8, the end faces 5 designed as a visible surface forming the viewing plane of the wall. On the first layer of building blocks visible in FIG. 9 there is, as usual offset by the length of a crossbar 2, a second layer of building blocks etc. The free spaces remaining between bars 1 and 2 of the building blocks are filled with backfill material 8 (concrete), that forms continuous columns. The concrete columns are reinforced with connecting rods 11. In addition, horizontal connecting rods 12 lie in the grooves 7 of the bearing surfaces 3 and 4.

In the wall shown in FIG. 10, the building blocks according to FIG. 8 are laid in a grid-like manner, in an open association. The building blocks of successive layers only lie on one another with the bearing surfaces 3 and 4, the crossbar 2. The end faces 5 of the crossbeams 2, which are designed as visible surfaces, form the visible side of the wall, which is interrupted by gaps. The holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned with one another and accommodate vertical connecting rods 11. The free spaces remaining between the building blocks are filled with earth as backfill material 8 and form continuous columns of earth.

In the wall shown in FIG. 11, another such wall immediately adjoins a wall as shown in FIG. The building blocks of the two walls reach behind each other with their crossbeams 2.

The wall shown in FIG. 12 is a wall with an earth core that fills the spaces between the building blocks, similar to that described in connection with FIG. 10. However, there are all building blocks of a layer with its end face 5 at an angle of z. B. 45 ° to the wall plane, the angle of inclination differs from layer to layer by 90 °. The holes 6 of the individual layers of building blocks are aligned with one another and accommodate vertical connecting rods 11 (not visible in FIG. 12). Here, too, the earth's core forms continuous columns of earth. The wall according to FIG. 12 has a particularly varied appearance, especially when it is planted.

FIG. 13 shows two C-shaped building blocks with two projections 1 'provided with notches or grooves. The two building blocks can be placed together with their projections 1 ′ to form an H-shaped building block.

The building blocks shown in FIG. 14 have crossbars with end faces 5 curved in opposite directions. The alternating arrangement of such building blocks gives the wall a more lively appearance. Arched walls are easier to build from such building blocks. For the same reason, the holes arranged in the outer corner regions of the module are also designed as elongated holes 6 '.

The building block shown in FIG. 15 also has differently shaped end faces and is used to erect walls of varied design.

FIG. 16 shows a C-shaped bar and a bar formed from H-shaped building blocks, each in a top view. The blocks are aligned with their bearing surfaces 3 and 4 in a row, in which there are aligned holes 6 Reinforcement or connecting rods 11 used and the holes 6 poured with concrete. The connecting rods 11 in the - hatched - pressure zone serve primarily as an assembly aid and are weaker than the reinforcement rods 11 in the - unshaded - tension zone. The latter can be biased. Such beams can be subjected to bending and can be used as supports, columns or the like.

The wall shown in FIG. 17 is only reinforced on the slope side. The holes 6 on the slope accommodate reinforcement bars 11 to form the wall which can be subjected to bending and have a tensile zone on the slope and are poured with concrete. Holes in the crossbeams, the end faces of which form the visible side, are not available or could be filled with concrete without reinforcement to form the pressure zone of the wall. The areas under pressure are shaded. In this way, very high walls can be built.

Claims (9)

1. Building block with a longitudinal member (1) and two transverse members (2) projecting from the ends thereof, e. g. a C or H- shaped building block, wherein end surfaces (5) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) of the building block are formed with a relief, characterized in that the relief in the end surfaces (5) is formed by recesses, e. g. grooves (5'), running through in the direction perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4), in that with a building block, formed as a C-shaped building block, both the outer end surfaces (5) of the transverse members (2) and also the outer face (5) of the longitudinal member (1) are formed with a relief and in that with an H-shaped building block, merely the outer end surfaces (5) of the building block directed away from the longitudinal member (1) and running substantially transverse thereto are provided with a relief, and in that holes (6) perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4) are provided in the building block for reinforcing or connecting bars (10, 11).

2. Building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes (6) are arranged in the outer corner regions of the building block and if desired are formed as slotted holes (6').

3. Building block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the end surface (5) of at least one of the members (1, 2) is convexly bowed in the longitudinal direction, the oppositely arranged member (2) optionally being concavely bowed in the longitudinal direction.

4. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that with a plurality of end surfaces (5) formed as facing surfaces with a relief, these run into one another with beveled surfaces (5"), which are optionally formed as hollowed flutes.

5. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end surface (5) is beveled (5"'), optionally hollow fluted, at the edge of intersection with the upper and/or lower bearing surface (3, 4).

6. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that two projections (1') are arranged on the perpendicular outer face (5) of a C-shaped building block, so that two C-shaped building blocks can be abutted at the projections (1') to form an H-shaped building block.

7. Wall, e. g. cladding wall, formed from back-filling material, e. g. concrete, mortar, earth, and from building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the building blocks are arranged relative to one another in a continuous bond, with the end faces (5) of the longitudinal (1) or transverse members (2) formed as facing surfaces forming the facing plane of the wall and the other member (2 or 1 respectively) being surrounded by the back-filling material (8).

8. Wall, e. g. cladding wall, formed from back-filling material, especially earth, and from building blocks according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the building blocks are arranged in an open bond with only the bearing surfaces (3, 4) of the transverse members (2) on one another, with the end faces (5) of the longitudinal (1) or transverse members (2) formed as facing surfaces forming the facing plane of the wall and the other member (2 or 1 respectively) being surrounded by the back-filling material (8), and wherein in the case of holes (6) of the building blocks perpendicular to the bearing surfaces (3, 4), the holes (6) of the building block layers are aligned with each other and the holes (6) on the attached side receive reinforcing or connecting rods (11) to form a wall resistant to bowing with zones in tension on the attached side, and can be poured in with concrete, whereas the holes (6') on the air side can be dispensed with or be filled with concrete without reinforcing, to form a compression zone, and in that in the case of grooves arranged in at least one bearing surface (3, 4), anchor or connecting bars (12) are optionally arranged therein and extend into the body of the wall.

9. Beam formed from building blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the building blocks are arranged together in a row to form the beam with their bearing surfaces (3, 4) aligned, and reinforcing or connecting rods (11) are set in the aligned holes (6) and the holes (6) have concrete poured in, wherein the zones of the beam in tension can be more strongly reinforced - optionally with pre-stressed rods (11).

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