EP0034565B1 - Wall built up with elements - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Wall which is constructed with elements comprising prefabricated, rectangular concrete slabs (1) and transverse concrete ties (2, 3, 14), cutaway portions being provided in the tops of the wall slabs (1) whose end faces abut against one another and which form at least one row, and the transverse ties (2, 3, 14) being provided with at least one recess (8, 11) into which the edges of the wall slabs are insertable, characterized in that the tops of the wall slabs (1) have at least one central cutaway portion and two corner cutaway portions (5 and 6 respectively), and in that the transverse ties (2, 3, 14) are placed over the joints (13) of the wall slabs (1) from above and below and hold the wall slabs.

Description

The invention relates to a wall, which is made of prefabricated, rectangular concrete slabs and concrete cross brackets in an element construction, wherein the wall plates that are butted against one another and have at least one row have cutouts at the top and the cross brackets are provided with at least one recess into which the wall plate edges can be inserted .

It is known from various publications to use prefabricated concrete components for the production of supporting and soundproof walls. For example, CH-A-514.756 describes how a supporting wall construction according to the heavyweight type can be created from longitudinally and transversely arranged beam elements. The individual beam elements are provided with plug pins and conical holes, which makes their production very expensive. When the walls are subjected to high static loads, the elements become very heavy and are difficult to move.

Another retaining wall for the embankment attachment is described in CH-A-612.238. This wall consists of staggered components that are open at the top and bottom and form chambers that are stiffened by transverse ribs. The individual elements are complicated in structure and the scope is limited.

Finally, reference should be made to CH-A-608.536 regarding a soundproofing device or embankment attachment, which is composed of transverse wall elements and longitudinal wall parts.

The known constructions have various disadvantages. With some of the retaining walls assembled from prefabricated concrete elements, the desired strength is only achieved together with the backfill, because the elements must be anchored in the ground. Still other element building systems have complicated individual elements, the production of which is expensive and the displacement of which is complicated and expensive.

In the case of relatively dense masonry, the retaining wall must not lean directly against the slope. Rather, a filling of water-permeable material such as gravel, gravel, etc. must be provided between it and the Hantg, and drainage pipes must be installed at the foot, which can increase the construction costs considerably.

Another known wall, which belongs to the genus according to the invention, emerges from DE-A 2,714,524. The plates and crossbars of this wall are provided with symmetrical recesses, which are arranged so that it is only possible to build a pyramid-shaped retaining wall. The higher the retaining wall, the wider the basic elements must be chosen. Therefore, a high wall needs a lot of different elements. If concreting is required, a considerable amount of concrete must be expected.

Often it is also necessary to provide a closed, reinforced concrete bar for structural reasons, which is not possible with the known wall, since no continuous reinforcing bars can be inserted horizontally. The wall therefore does not meet all structural needs. The butt joints of the wall panels are not clutched, so that the strength is insufficient for certain applications. The construction is also not suitable for arched retaining walls, since radii can only be guided with great difficulty. Finally, it should be pointed out that the known wall has only a low level of sound absorption because it is neither provided with internal absorption chambers nor with projections and recesses.

The aim of the invention is to create a wall of the aforementioned type composed of prefabricated concrete elements, in which the disadvantages of the known walls are avoided. The construction costs should be low, and the individual concrete elements should be inexpensive and easy to manufacture and install. With a small number of standard elements, it should be possible to build different types of walls, e.g. Retaining walls, noise barriers or border fences. The retaining walls for the slope fastening should have a high level of stability, be water-permeable and allow planting. Good sound insulation and sound absorption are the aim of the soundproof wall, although greening should also be possible here.

According to the invention, these requirements are met in such a way that the wall panels have at least one central and two corner cutouts at the top, and that the cross brackets are placed above and below the joints of the wall panels and hold them.

The wall is built on the principle of lost formwork. The walls can be chosen as high as desired with the same basic width. The width of the retaining wall is determined by the engineer depending on the height, as with heavyweight walls. The parallel structure has great advantages. The wall can be easily guided in radii or built diagonally, like a heavy weight wall. The butt joints can expediently be covered by the lugs of the cross bars, which results in greater strength and has an aesthetically advantageous effect.

• Fig. 1-4 perspektivische Ansichten der vier zur Anwendung kommenden Bauelemente, nämlich Wandplatte, Montagebügel, Basisbügel und U-Bügel,
• Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Schwergewichtsstützmauer für die Böschungssicherung,
• Fig. 6 eine Ansicht der Stützmauer zur Böschungssicherung gemäss Fig. 5 von der Seite,
• Fig. 7 eine Seitenansicht einer Schallschutzwand,
• Fig. 8 eine Draufsicht auf die unterste Stufe einer gebogenen Schallschutzwand oder Schwergewichtsstützmauer,
• Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Zaunmauer,
• Fig. 10 eine Ansicht der Zaunmauer gemäss Fig. 9 von vorne, und
• Fig. 11 eine Ansicht der Schwergewichtsmauer gemäss Fig. 5 von vorne.

Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

• Fig. 1-4 perspective views of the four Coming components, namely wall plate, mounting bracket, base bracket and U-bracket,
• 5 is a perspective view of a heavy weight retaining wall for securing the embankment,
• 6 shows a side view of the retaining wall for securing the embankment according to FIG. 5,
• 7 is a side view of a soundproof wall,
• 8 is a plan view of the bottom step of a curved soundproofing wall or heavyweight retaining wall,
• 9 is a perspective view of a fence wall,
• 10 is a view of the fence wall according to FIG. 9 from the front, and
• 11 is a view of the heavyweight wall according to FIG. 5 from the front.

• - Wandplatten 1
• - Montagebügel2
• - Basisbügel 3

The following elements are required to manufacture a heavyweight retaining wall or a soundproofing wall (Fig. 1-4):

• - Wall plates 1
• - mounting bracket 2
• - Base bracket 3

If the retaining wall is to be provided with an upper end fence, simple U-brackets 14 are added. These elements are reinforced concrete parts that are made in simple shapes. By appropriate subdivision of the forms it is e.g. possible to cast the mounting bracket 2 and the base bracket 3 in the same shape, which is very advantageous. The prefabricated elements are then delivered to the construction site.

The wall panels 1 are approximately 120 cm long, 80 cm high and 5 cm thick. Each wall plate has a lower and an upper rectangular recess 4, 5 in the middle and upper corner recesses 6 on both sides. The two central recesses 4, 5 are designed in opposite directions. The plate as a whole is shaped symmetrically with respect to its vertical plane 7. Of course, other dimensions are also possible. The wall thickness depends on the static requirements of the respective building construction. The lower recesses are mainly used for wall drainage and are not absolutely necessary for the static construction.

The mounting bracket 2 has two deep, rectangular recesses 8 at the top and bottom and an upper corner recess 9 on one side and a lower corner recess 10 on the other side. The two corner recesses lie diametrically opposite one another. This element has the dimensions 100x50x20 cm. The lower and the upper recesses 8 are offset from one another. The distance a between the upper and lower recesses is 40 cm in the present exemplary embodiment. This distance determines the wall thickness of the retaining wall or soundproof wall to be created.

The base bracket 3 is also rectangular with the dimensions 80x31 x20 cm, only one longitudinal edge being provided with two deep, rectangular recesses 11, which are also spaced apart from one another and which correspond to the recesses 8 of the mounting bracket 2.

To create the retaining wall for the embankment attachment, proceed as follows: First, a foundation 12 is excavated in a manner known per se, filled with concrete and removed cleanly. Then the base brackets 3 are placed at a distance from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the foundation 12 in such a way that the recesses 11 are directed upwards. Then the wall panels 1 are placed in two parallel rows on the base bracket 3 and butted against each other at the end. The lower corners of the wall panels 1 protrude into the recesses 11 of the base bracket 3, the butt joints 13 of the wall panels 1 being clasped by the base brackets. The wall plates 1 fit loosely into the recesses 11, so that no exact tolerances have to be observed for their production. They must be wedged with wooden wedges after being moved. The transfer is carried out by means of an excavator or a small crane.

Next, mounting brackets 2 are plugged onto the wall plates 1, one at each of the central upper cutouts 5 and at the corner cutouts 6. At the latter locations, the mounting brackets grip the butt joints 13 and form the upper holder for the wall plates 1.

The mounting bracket 2 and the wall panels 1 are now also wedged with wood, whereby the bottom step of the retaining wall is already firmly fixed. The cross bracing of the wall panels and their mutual distance a is given by the base bracket 3 and the mounting bracket 2. To ensure good drainage of the retaining wall, is now a situation Sik _- kerbeton introduced to the half wall plate height. Then the interior is filled up to the lower edge of the upper recesses 5 of the wall panels 1 with lean concrete. If the retaining wall is subject to high static loads, reinforcement can also be provided. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 11, the wall plates 1 are held at a distance from the foundation 12 by the base bracket 3. This ensures drainage of the slope.

After this work, the lowest wall step is now finished and stiffened, so that the slope (not shown in detail) has already been temporarily held and secured against collapse. The construction work is now being carried out in daily stages, with the backfilling already starting the following day after concreting. For further construction, two further rows of wall panels 1 are now inserted and wedged over the mounting bracket 2. Since the upper and lower recesses 8 of the mounting bracket 2 are offset from one another, the two parallel rows of the second wall level automatically offset against the slope, in the present case according to a desired slope suit of 5: 1. After concreting the second stage, continue with the third stage, etc., until the desired retaining wall height is reached. Since the wall panels serve as lost formwork, quick, swift work is guaranteed.

With the prefabricated elements mentioned above, retaining walls with radii can also be built, as shown in FIG. 8. With large radii, it is sufficient to keep the joints of the plates of the larger arch apart while the joints of the plates of the smaller arch abut one another. In this way it is possible to build walls with radii of 10 m and more. For smaller radii, wall plates are used for the inner arch, the length of which is somewhat shorter than that of the wall plates for the outer arch. The face-side wall panels should expediently always be of the same length, while the slope-side panels can be different. This ensures that the retaining wall always presents the same grid on the outside.

At the end of the heavyweight retaining wall, either basic bracket 3 or mounting bracket 2 can be attached and wedged on the top double row of wall panels. In the latter case, a single row of wall panels can be mounted on the mounting bracket 2 as a closing fence, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 11. The upper joints of these wall panels can be secured with the simple U-brackets 14. The depth of the recesses of this bracket corresponds to that of the recesses 8 and 11.

As a result of the displacement of the various parallel rows of walls against the slope, individual steps with openings 15 are created at the front, which can be landscaped, which is aesthetically very advantageous. Since both the mounting bracket and the base bracket sit with play on the wall panels, good drainage of the retaining wall is guaranteed and no frost chambers can arise.

A soundproof wall can also be produced in a similar manner with the same prefabricated elements (FIG. 7). Again, the base bracket 3 is placed on the clean, stable foundation 12, the wall panels 1 are offset and fixed with the mounting bracket 2. To reinforce the wall, a layer of lean concrete can also be placed in the interior. The second layer of the wall is again offset from the first layer. As can be seen in Figure 7, the third layer is no longer moved outwards as in the retaining wall, but is set back inwards into the central plane of the first layer. The other layers are now built up in an analogous manner until the desired wall height is reached. As a result of the structure of the elements and the alternating gradations inwards and outwards, a very rough front is created as a sound absorption surface, which can be planted on both sides. The soundproof wall can be set up quickly and easily and looks very clean aesthetically. It is durable, stable and resistant. The calculation of the wall thickness depends on the statics and the expected wind load. The wall thickness can be changed in a simple manner by using shorter base and mounting brackets or other distances between the recesses 8, 11. It is also possible to form the different steps with different thicknesses, the thickest step being at the bottom and the upper ones Steps are increasingly thin.

In order to further increase the degree of sound absorption, it is advisable to cover the panels with an absorbent material, e.g. with a rock wool mat. This mat can simply be placed in the molded shell when the wall panels are manufactured before the concrete is poured.

With the wall plates 1 and the U-brackets 14, a simple boundary wall 16 can also be built (FIGS. 9 and 10). Here, too, first a foundation 12 is created with lean concrete and then the U-bracket 14 is placed on the foundation. Then the wall panels 1 are placed on the U-bracket 14 and butted against each other on the end face. The joints 13 are fixed at the top with further U-brackets 14. The base of the simple boundary wall can possibly be concreted on or just filled with earth. Since the joints are loosely connected, they act as actual joints, so that the wall can move freely when there are temperature differences and no frost damage can occur. The upper end of the boundary wall can be formed by a horizontal iron profile 17 with vertical supports, the latter being inserted into the upper recesses 5 of the wall panels.

Claims (12)

1. Wall which is constructed with elements comprising prefabricated, rectangular concrete slabs (1) and transverse concrete ties (2, 3, 14), cutaway portions being provided in the tops of the wall slabs (1) whose end faces abut against one another and which form at least one row, and the transverse ties (2, 3, 14) being provided with at least one recess (8, 11) into which the edges of the wall slabs are insertable, characterised in that the tops of the wall slabs (1) have at least one central cutaway portion and two corner cutaway portions (5 and 6 respectively), and in that the transverse ties (2, 3, 14) are placed over the joints (13) of the wall slabs (1) from above and below and hold the wall slabs.

2. Wall as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the transverse ties comprise base ties (3) and mounting braces (2), in that the top and the bottom of each mounting brace incorporates two recesses (8) for receiving the edges of the slabs and spaced apart by the distance (a), the top recesses being staggered relative to the bottom recesses, and in that the base ties (3) at only one side has two recesses (11) for the edges of the slabs and spaced apart by the distance (a).

3. Wall as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that it comprises at least two courses which are offset relative to one another and each of which comprises two parallel or arcuate rows of wall slabs, in that the wall slabs (1) of the two lower courses of wall slabs are inserted into the base ties (3) and are supported by the latter, in that the mounting ties (2) are mounted on the lower rows of wall slabs in the central and corner cutaway portions (5, 6) thereof and in turn serve as holders for the upper row of wall slabs, and in that the distances between the two rows of wall slabs are determined by the distance (a) between the recesses (8, 11) in the base teis and mounting ties (3 or 2).

4. Wall as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that, in the case of at least three courses, these are staggered outwardly in a stepwise manner to form a gravity support wall, or in that these courses are staggered alternately inwardly and outwardly to form a sound-insulating wall.

5. Wall as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that its cavity is filled with concrete, wherein the wall slabs (1) serve as a lost mould.

6. Wall as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that base braces (3) are placed onto the topmost rows of the wall slabs to finish off the top of the wall.

7. Wall as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that mounting braces (2) are placed onto the topmost rows of wall slabs, and a single row of wall slabs is placed onto the said mounting braces to form a fence finishing off the top of the wall, the joints of the fence being secured at the top by U-shaped braces (14).

8. Wall as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that each step of the wall has openings (15) for greenery.

9. Wall as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the outer flat sides of the wall slabs (1) are provided with a sound-absorbing material.

10. Wall as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the transverse braces are in the form of simple U-shaped braces (14), the bottom corners of the wall slabs (1) being supported on the lower U-shaped braces (14) serving as feet, the entire arrangement being such that the wall forms a simple boundary fence (16).

11. Wall as claimed in claim 10 characterised in that the upper termination of the boundary fence (16) is a horizontal profile (17) having vertical supports, and in that the supports are slipped over the edges of the wall slabs (1) in the region of the central cutaway portions (5) thereof and are held by the edges of the wall slabs.

12. Wall as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the wall slabs (1) also have central cutaway portions (5) in the bottoms thereof and are of symmetrical construction with respect to their central plane (7).

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