EP0034565B1 - Mur composé d'éléments de construction - Google Patents

Mur composé d'éléments de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034565B1
EP0034565B1 EP81810015A EP81810015A EP0034565B1 EP 0034565 B1 EP0034565 B1 EP 0034565B1 EP 81810015 A EP81810015 A EP 81810015A EP 81810015 A EP81810015 A EP 81810015A EP 0034565 B1 EP0034565 B1 EP 0034565B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
slabs
ties
wall slabs
recesses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81810015A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0034565A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Mannhart
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT81810015T priority Critical patent/ATE3162T1/de
Publication of EP0034565A1 publication Critical patent/EP0034565A1/fr
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Publication of EP0034565B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034565B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/02—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise
    • E01F8/021—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic specially adapted for sustaining vegetation or for accommodating plants ; Embankment-type or crib-type noise barriers; Retaining walls specially adapted to absorb or reflect noise with integral support structure
    • E01F8/024—Beam-type, e.g. square-set
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0283—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features of mixed type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wall, which is made of prefabricated, rectangular concrete slabs and concrete cross brackets in an element construction, wherein the wall plates that are butted against one another and have at least one row have cutouts at the top and the cross brackets are provided with at least one recess into which the wall plate edges can be inserted .
  • CH-A-514.756 describes how a supporting wall construction according to the heavyweight type can be created from longitudinally and transversely arranged beam elements.
  • the individual beam elements are provided with plug pins and conical holes, which makes their production very expensive.
  • the elements become very heavy and are difficult to move.
  • CH-A-612.238 Another retaining wall for the embankment attachment is described in CH-A-612.238.
  • This wall consists of staggered components that are open at the top and bottom and form chambers that are stiffened by transverse ribs. The individual elements are complicated in structure and the scope is limited.
  • CH-A-608.536 a soundproofing device or embankment attachment, which is composed of transverse wall elements and longitudinal wall parts.
  • the retaining wall In the case of relatively dense masonry, the retaining wall must not lean directly against the slope. Rather, a filling of water-permeable material such as gravel, gravel, etc. must be provided between it and the Hantg, and drainage pipes must be installed at the foot, which can increase the construction costs considerably.
  • Another known wall which belongs to the genus according to the invention, emerges from DE-A 2,714,524.
  • the plates and crossbars of this wall are provided with symmetrical recesses, which are arranged so that it is only possible to build a pyramid-shaped retaining wall.
  • the aim of the invention is to create a wall of the aforementioned type composed of prefabricated concrete elements, in which the disadvantages of the known walls are avoided.
  • the construction costs should be low, and the individual concrete elements should be inexpensive and easy to manufacture and install.
  • With a small number of standard elements it should be possible to build different types of walls, e.g. Retaining walls, noise barriers or border fences.
  • the retaining walls for the slope fastening should have a high level of stability, be water-permeable and allow planting. Good sound insulation and sound absorption are the aim of the soundproof wall, although greening should also be possible here.
  • the wall panels have at least one central and two corner cutouts at the top, and that the cross brackets are placed above and below the joints of the wall panels and hold them.
  • the wall is built on the principle of lost formwork.
  • the walls can be chosen as high as desired with the same basic width.
  • the width of the retaining wall is determined by the engineer depending on the height, as with heavyweight walls.
  • the parallel structure has great advantages.
  • the wall can be easily guided in radii or built diagonally, like a heavy weight wall.
  • the butt joints can expediently be covered by the lugs of the cross bars, which results in greater strength and has an aesthetically advantageous effect.
  • U-brackets 14 are added. These elements are reinforced concrete parts that are made in simple shapes. By appropriate subdivision of the forms it is e.g. possible to cast the mounting bracket 2 and the base bracket 3 in the same shape, which is very advantageous. The prefabricated elements are then delivered to the construction site.
  • the wall panels 1 are approximately 120 cm long, 80 cm high and 5 cm thick.
  • Each wall plate has a lower and an upper rectangular recess 4, 5 in the middle and upper corner recesses 6 on both sides.
  • the two central recesses 4, 5 are designed in opposite directions.
  • the plate as a whole is shaped symmetrically with respect to its vertical plane 7. Of course, other dimensions are also possible.
  • the wall thickness depends on the static requirements of the respective building construction.
  • the lower recesses are mainly used for wall drainage and are not absolutely necessary for the static construction.
  • the mounting bracket 2 has two deep, rectangular recesses 8 at the top and bottom and an upper corner recess 9 on one side and a lower corner recess 10 on the other side.
  • the two corner recesses lie diametrically opposite one another.
  • This element has the dimensions 100x50x20 cm.
  • the lower and the upper recesses 8 are offset from one another.
  • the distance a between the upper and lower recesses is 40 cm in the present exemplary embodiment. This distance determines the wall thickness of the retaining wall or soundproof wall to be created.
  • the base bracket 3 is also rectangular with the dimensions 80x31 x20 cm, only one longitudinal edge being provided with two deep, rectangular recesses 11, which are also spaced apart from one another and which correspond to the recesses 8 of the mounting bracket 2.
  • a foundation 12 is excavated in a manner known per se, filled with concrete and removed cleanly.
  • the base brackets 3 are placed at a distance from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction of the foundation 12 in such a way that the recesses 11 are directed upwards.
  • the wall panels 1 are placed in two parallel rows on the base bracket 3 and butted against each other at the end.
  • the lower corners of the wall panels 1 protrude into the recesses 11 of the base bracket 3, the butt joints 13 of the wall panels 1 being clasped by the base brackets.
  • the wall plates 1 fit loosely into the recesses 11, so that no exact tolerances have to be observed for their production. They must be wedged with wooden wedges after being moved.
  • the transfer is carried out by means of an excavator or a small crane.
  • mounting brackets 2 are plugged onto the wall plates 1, one at each of the central upper cutouts 5 and at the corner cutouts 6. At the latter locations, the mounting brackets grip the butt joints 13 and form the upper holder for the wall plates 1.
  • the mounting bracket 2 and the wall panels 1 are now also wedged with wood, whereby the bottom step of the retaining wall is already firmly fixed.
  • the cross bracing of the wall panels and their mutual distance a is given by the base bracket 3 and the mounting bracket 2.
  • Sik - kerbeton introduced to the half wall plate height.
  • the interior is filled up to the lower edge of the upper recesses 5 of the wall panels 1 with lean concrete. If the retaining wall is subject to high static loads, reinforcement can also be provided.
  • the wall plates 1 are held at a distance from the foundation 12 by the base bracket 3. This ensures drainage of the slope.
  • retaining walls with radii can also be built, as shown in FIG. 8. With large radii, it is sufficient to keep the joints of the plates of the larger arch apart while the joints of the plates of the smaller arch abut one another. In this way it is possible to build walls with radii of 10 m and more.
  • wall plates are used for the inner arch, the length of which is somewhat shorter than that of the wall plates for the outer arch.
  • the face-side wall panels should expediently always be of the same length, while the slope-side panels can be different. This ensures that the retaining wall always presents the same grid on the outside.
  • either basic bracket 3 or mounting bracket 2 can be attached and wedged on the top double row of wall panels.
  • a single row of wall panels can be mounted on the mounting bracket 2 as a closing fence, as shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 11.
  • the upper joints of these wall panels can be secured with the simple U-brackets 14.
  • the depth of the recesses of this bracket corresponds to that of the recesses 8 and 11.
  • a soundproof wall can also be produced in a similar manner with the same prefabricated elements (FIG. 7).
  • the base bracket 3 is placed on the clean, stable foundation 12, the wall panels 1 are offset and fixed with the mounting bracket 2.
  • a layer of lean concrete can also be placed in the interior.
  • the second layer of the wall is again offset from the first layer.
  • the third layer is no longer moved outwards as in the retaining wall, but is set back inwards into the central plane of the first layer.
  • the other layers are now built up in an analogous manner until the desired wall height is reached.
  • the soundproof wall can be set up quickly and easily and looks very clean aesthetically. It is durable, stable and resistant.
  • the calculation of the wall thickness depends on the statics and the expected wind load.
  • the wall thickness can be changed in a simple manner by using shorter base and mounting brackets or other distances between the recesses 8, 11. It is also possible to form the different steps with different thicknesses, the thickest step being at the bottom and the upper ones Steps are increasingly thin.
  • an absorbent material e.g. with a rock wool mat.
  • This mat can simply be placed in the molded shell when the wall panels are manufactured before the concrete is poured.
  • a simple boundary wall 16 can also be built (FIGS. 9 and 10).
  • a foundation 12 is created with lean concrete and then the U-bracket 14 is placed on the foundation.
  • the wall panels 1 are placed on the U-bracket 14 and butted against each other on the end face.
  • the joints 13 are fixed at the top with further U-brackets 14.
  • the base of the simple boundary wall can possibly be concreted on or just filled with earth. Since the joints are loosely connected, they act as actual joints, so that the wall can move freely when there are temperature differences and no frost damage can occur.
  • the upper end of the boundary wall can be formed by a horizontal iron profile 17 with vertical supports, the latter being inserted into the upper recesses 5 of the wall panels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Mur construit par éléments à partir de panneaux de béton rectangulaires préfabriqués (1) et d'étriers transversaux en béton (2,3,14), les panneaux muraux placés joint contre joint du côté frontal formant au moins une rangée et comportant des évidements à leur partie supérieure, et les étriers transversaux (2, 3, 14) étant pourvus d'au moins un évidement (8, 11), dans lequel les bords des panneaux muraux peuvent être insérés, lequel mur est caractérisé en ce que les panneaux muraux (1) comportent à leur partie supérieure au moins un évidement médian (5) et deux évidements d'angles (6) et en ce que les étriers transversaux (2, 3, 14) sont montés dans le haut et dans le bas, sur les joints (13) des panneaux muraux (1) et les maintiennent.
2. Mur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étriers transversaux se composent d'étriers de base (3) et d'étriers de montage (2), en ce que ces derniers comportent à leur partie supérieure et à leur partie inférieure respectivement, deux évidements (8) séparés par une distance (a) et destinés à recevoir les bords des panneaux, les évidements supérieurs étant décalés par rapport aux évidements inférieurs et en ce que les étriers de base (3) comportent seulement sur un côté deux évidements (11) séparés par la distance (a) et dstinés à recevoir les bords des panneaux.
3. Mur suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il se compose d'au moins deux échelons décalés entre eux, comprenant chacun deux rangées parallèles ou cintrées de panneaux muraux, en ce que les panneaux muraux (1) des deux rangées inférieures de panneaux sont encastrés dans les étriers de base (3) et soutenus par ceux-ci, en ce que sur les rangées inférieures de panneaux muraux sont encastrés les étriers de montage (2) dans les évidements médians et dans les évidements d'angle (5, 6) des panneaux, ces étriers sevant, à leur tour, de fixation pour les rangées supérieures de panneaux muraux, et en ce que les distances entre les deux rangées de panneaux sont déterminées par la distance (a) entre les évidements (8, 11) des étriers de base et de montage (3 et 2).
4. Mur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où il comprend au moins trois échelons, ceux-ci sont décalés par étages vers l'extérieur pour former un mur de soutènement massif ou en ce qu'ils sont décalés alternativement vers l'intérieur et vers l'extérieur pour former une paroi d'insonorisation.
5. Mur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que son espace intérieur est rempli de béton, les panneaux muraux (1) étant utilisés comme coffrage perdu.
6. Mur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que, pour former le couronnement du mur, des étriers de base (3) sont encastrés sur les rangées de panneaux muraux les plus élevées.
7. Mur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que des étriers de montage (2) sont encastrés sur les rangées de panneaux les plus élevées sur lesquels est posée une seule rangée de panneaux muraux pour servir de couronnement, les joints de ce couronnement étant maintenus à leur partie supérieure par des étriers en U (14).
8. Mur suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque échelon du mur présente des ouvertures (15) destinées à recevoir de la verdure.
9. Mur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les côtés extérieurs plats des panneaux muraux (1) sont pourvus d'un matériau absorbant le bruit.
10. Mur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étriers transversaux ont la forme d'étriers simples en U (14), les angles inférieurs des panneaux muraux (1) s'appuyant sur les étriers inférieurs en U (14) utilisés comme pieds, de sorte que le mur forme dans son ensemble un simple mur die clôture (16).
11. Mur suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que, comme couronnement du mur de clôture (16), on utilise un profilé horizontal (17) à supports verticaux, et en ce que les supports sont poussés au-dessous des bords des panneaux muraux (1) dans la zone des évidements médians (5) de ceux-ci et sont maintenus par lesdits bords des panneaux.
12. Mur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les panneaux muraux (1) comportent également des évidements médians à leur partie inférieure et en ce qu'ils sont réalisés de façon à être symétriques par rapport à leur plan médian (7).
EP81810015A 1980-02-11 1981-01-23 Mur composé d'éléments de construction Expired EP0034565B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81810015T ATE3162T1 (de) 1980-02-11 1981-01-23 Mauer in elementbauweise.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH111080 1980-02-11
CH1110/80 1980-02-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034565A1 EP0034565A1 (fr) 1981-08-26
EP0034565B1 true EP0034565B1 (fr) 1983-04-27

Family

ID=4202719

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81810015A Expired EP0034565B1 (fr) 1980-02-11 1981-01-23 Mur composé d'éléments de construction

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EP (1) EP0034565B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE3162T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3160197D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT377553B (de) * 1981-07-06 1985-04-10 Differenz Friedrich Dipl Ing Raumgitterkonstruktion
GB8428191D0 (en) * 1984-11-08 1984-12-19 Crighton J W Building blocks
EP0322667B1 (fr) * 1987-12-31 1992-09-16 Otto Kalbermatten Méthode pour construire un mur, un élément de construction et une dalle de liaison pour l'exécution de la méthode et mur construit suivant cette méthode
GB2251259B (en) * 1990-12-28 1994-09-21 Knudsen Poul N A retaining wall structure
EP1493869A1 (fr) 2003-06-30 2005-01-05 Martin Mannhart Mur en blocs et élément de construction pour sa réalisation
WO2015112616A1 (fr) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-30 Peterson H Fredrick Structures acoustiques végétalisées

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2714524A1 (de) * 1977-04-01 1978-10-05 Knebel Rolf Dieter Bauelemente zur erstellung von laermschutzwaellen aus betonfertigteilen
DE2819894A1 (de) * 1978-05-06 1979-11-15 Ploetner Carl Betonwerk Aus mehreren teilen zusammengesetzte wand

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2972870A (en) * 1957-08-27 1961-02-28 Herbert Rose Cribbing wall

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2714524A1 (de) * 1977-04-01 1978-10-05 Knebel Rolf Dieter Bauelemente zur erstellung von laermschutzwaellen aus betonfertigteilen
DE2819894A1 (de) * 1978-05-06 1979-11-15 Ploetner Carl Betonwerk Aus mehreren teilen zusammengesetzte wand

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE3162T1 (de) 1983-05-15
EP0034565A1 (fr) 1981-08-26
DE3160197D1 (en) 1983-06-01

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