CA1142773A - Fit-in blocks for the building of walls and method of construction utilising such blocks - Google Patents
Fit-in blocks for the building of walls and method of construction utilising such blocksInfo
- Publication number
- CA1142773A CA1142773A CA000361147A CA361147A CA1142773A CA 1142773 A CA1142773 A CA 1142773A CA 000361147 A CA000361147 A CA 000361147A CA 361147 A CA361147 A CA 361147A CA 1142773 A CA1142773 A CA 1142773A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- block
- blocks
- fitting
- male
- female
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/24—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in some of the cavities forming load-bearing pillars or beams
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
- E04C1/397—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra serving for locating conduits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
FIT-IN BLOCKS FOR THE BUILDING OF
WALLS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
UTILITSING SUCH BLOCKS
ABSTRACT
A building block for the construction of buildings.
The block is formed of two side faces of rectangular shape constituting respectively a front face and a rear face parallel with the front face. The front face has along the upper longitudinal edge thereof and along a contiguous vertical edge recesses for joining with the corresponding face of the upper block. In the side faces the block is joined by transversal strips defining through rectangular cavities. The extreme strips on the side faces of the blocks supply, through their position, on one side and the other respectively, lateral male fittings and female fittings.
The strips are furthermore situated relative to the side faces in such a manner that at the top and at the bottom, male fittings or female fittings respectively are also provided, supplying male or female fittings or alternatively, male and female on the four non-visible sides of the block.
WALLS AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
UTILITSING SUCH BLOCKS
ABSTRACT
A building block for the construction of buildings.
The block is formed of two side faces of rectangular shape constituting respectively a front face and a rear face parallel with the front face. The front face has along the upper longitudinal edge thereof and along a contiguous vertical edge recesses for joining with the corresponding face of the upper block. In the side faces the block is joined by transversal strips defining through rectangular cavities. The extreme strips on the side faces of the blocks supply, through their position, on one side and the other respectively, lateral male fittings and female fittings.
The strips are furthermore situated relative to the side faces in such a manner that at the top and at the bottom, male fittings or female fittings respectively are also provided, supplying male or female fittings or alternatively, male and female on the four non-visible sides of the block.
Description
~l~Z~7~
PATEI~T OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to fit-in block~
for the building of walls and to the method of cons-truction utilising such blocks.
Blocks provided with holes for the rapid carry-ing out of buildings are already kno~m. With the blocks according to the present invention it is intended to supply a type of block permitting greater speed and simplicity in building, principally with the aim of facilitating the self-building of dwellings, permittlng, furthermore, with substantial saving~ of labour and time, the building of inter-structural filling walls in large buildings, with reinforced concrete or concrete-covered steel structures, The blocks in accordance with the present inven-tion are intended for the building of external, interior or partitioning walls ln any buildings, these blocks being principally designed for the complete carrying out of walls of one-storied or two-storied residential buildings, or of ships of any kind, lncluding the structural elements which may be necessary to blnd or consolidate them.
Particular mention should be made, as being an essential aim of the invention, of the possibility of building the walls of a dwelling or of a simple construction without involving skilled labour, or .
building workers, it being sufficient for the purpose to have two ordinary persons, of either sex, from the family unit for whom the dwelling is intended, and the materials and techniques compatible with the artisan nature of the building operation.
For the purpose, the fit-in block in accordance with the present invention, and its alternatives deri-ved from the principal type of block, for the purposes ~of the adaptation of the block to the position it will occupy within the construction of which it forms part, are intended to cover all the possibilities of applica-tion which occur in the erection of simple buildings, in particular of the economic type, with the granting to the blocks of a module nature suitable for the aim intended and a range of shapes derived from the prin-cipal block, allowing for foreseen or foreseeaOle possibilities~
Accordingly, the aim sought wi~h the blocks according to the invention is:-a) to reduce the weight of the blocks to the mini-mum, to permit handling by anyone not used or physically prepared to handle substantial weights;
b) to supply fitting-in parts on the four faces of the joint, but in such a manner that, on the juxta-position of the blocks the latter fit in together with the greatest of ease and do not involve recourse t;o special techniques or movements.
PATEI~T OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to fit-in block~
for the building of walls and to the method of cons-truction utilising such blocks.
Blocks provided with holes for the rapid carry-ing out of buildings are already kno~m. With the blocks according to the present invention it is intended to supply a type of block permitting greater speed and simplicity in building, principally with the aim of facilitating the self-building of dwellings, permittlng, furthermore, with substantial saving~ of labour and time, the building of inter-structural filling walls in large buildings, with reinforced concrete or concrete-covered steel structures, The blocks in accordance with the present inven-tion are intended for the building of external, interior or partitioning walls ln any buildings, these blocks being principally designed for the complete carrying out of walls of one-storied or two-storied residential buildings, or of ships of any kind, lncluding the structural elements which may be necessary to blnd or consolidate them.
Particular mention should be made, as being an essential aim of the invention, of the possibility of building the walls of a dwelling or of a simple construction without involving skilled labour, or .
building workers, it being sufficient for the purpose to have two ordinary persons, of either sex, from the family unit for whom the dwelling is intended, and the materials and techniques compatible with the artisan nature of the building operation.
For the purpose, the fit-in block in accordance with the present invention, and its alternatives deri-ved from the principal type of block, for the purposes ~of the adaptation of the block to the position it will occupy within the construction of which it forms part, are intended to cover all the possibilities of applica-tion which occur in the erection of simple buildings, in particular of the economic type, with the granting to the blocks of a module nature suitable for the aim intended and a range of shapes derived from the prin-cipal block, allowing for foreseen or foreseeaOle possibilities~
Accordingly, the aim sought wi~h the blocks according to the invention is:-a) to reduce the weight of the blocks to the mini-mum, to permit handling by anyone not used or physically prepared to handle substantial weights;
b) to supply fitting-in parts on the four faces of the joint, but in such a manner that, on the juxta-position of the blocks the latter fit in together with the greatest of ease and do not involve recourse t;o special techniques or movements.
2'~73 c) to provlde a form of fitting-in and binding such as to eliminate laying with mortar, and to make it possible to use a system of fixing by means of inexpensive glues, with a resin base, this possessing valuable qualities from the point of view of both mechanical resistance and, should this be necessary, waterproofing, with the advantage of permitting ~itting-in withou~ jeopardizing the accuracy of juxtaposition of two contacting joint surfaces, ensuring dimensional accuracy and perfect execution of the wall; further-more, the precision of the system of fitting-in on four sides permits, whenever appropriate (and this constitutes a valuable feature of the present invention), laying in the dry state without appreciable prejudice to the stability and strength of the assembly, with its economic consequences, and e~-en greater facility and speed of assembly;
d) to make possible the creation of any supportinz structures required, constituted by pillars and beam~
actually integrated in the wall itself, b~ means of the placing of reinforcements in recesses present in all the blocks, or in special blocks, subsequently concreted, always with small amounts of concrete, easily obtained by artisan methods;
e) to make it possible for ducting (water, drainage, electricity) to be incorporated, vertically, in the holes of the blocks and, horizontally, in special 1~27~
trough or H-shaped blocks, or passing through normal blocks in perforations easily made in them by means of special drills available on the market.
The preferred form of embodiment of the block according to the invention has the following basic dimensions:-length: 250 mm or 500 mm width: 125 mm or 250 mm height: 200 mm The thickness of the walls of the block is generally 40 mm.
Although the present invention covers various types of blocks which are-geometrically different and which are represented on the attached drawings, the truth is that such blocks are the outcome of modifications and func-tional adjustments of a basic type of typical block described in detail hereinunder.
~he above aim of the present invention is achieved, from a broad aspect, by the provision of a fit-in block for the construction of buildings characterized in that it is formed by two vertical rectangular rims constitut-ing respectively the front and rear faces of the block, which are joined at the bottom by a transversal strip situated at an adequate distance from the bottom edges of the faces, so that a female fitting may be obtained which is adaptable to the upper male fittings of the blocks.
The transversal strip has openings in a position coinciding with cavities going through the blocks. The blocks are ~i , Z~73 - 4a -intended to constitute formwork for beams or lintels with pillars going through, or to form grooves or channels for laying ducts or cables thereinto.
The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the detailed description which follows with reference to the attached drawings in which the Figures may be specified as follows:-Figure-l is a perspective of the typical block according to the present invention having on one side a male fitting part and on the opposite side a female fitting part;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the block of Fig. 1 i ?i~ure j is 2 view from belo~ of the block in Fig. l;
Figure 4 is a right-hanà side elevation of the block;
Figure 5 is a left-hand side elevation of the block;
Figure 6 is a perspective of an alternative of the type of block according to the invention, having on each side of the block female-type fittirgs;
Figure 6' is a plan view of the block sho~m in Fig. 6;
Figure 7 is a perspective of an alternative block according to the invention with male fittings on both sides of the block;
Figure 7' is a plan view of the block shown in Fi~ 7;
Figure 8 is a perspective of an alternative b:ock with a female fitting on one side and a flat surface on the opposite side, without any recess, said block being thus intended to function as the end block of the first cour~e when it is desired to define the side piece of a willdow or door frame;
Figure 8' is a plan view o~ the blo^k shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 9 is a perspective of a block identical with that of Fig. 8, but having the outermost face flat, constituting the face of a window or door frame side piece, ending in recessed manner for fitting with the 7~3 projecting end strip of the bo~tom block intended to be used in the courses following the first one in the side piece of a window or door fra~e;
~ igure 9' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 9;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative block sho~m in Fig. 8 but fitted with a male fitting instead of the female fitting as in Fig. 8;
Figure 10' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 10;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternative block shown in Fig. 9, having on one of the sides a male fitting instead of a female one as in Fig. 9;
Figure 11' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 11;
Figures 12 to 16 are perspective views of blocks with fitting systems identical with those shown in the pre-ceding figures but having only two outermost strips, defining a si~gle hole;
Figures 12' to 16' are plan views of the correspond-ing blocks shown in Figs. 12 to 16;
Figures 17 to 19 are perspective views of blocks constituting alternatives of the blocks shown in Figs.
1, 10 and 11 respectively, in that a recess has been made on the inner face of the block to supply a fitting for a block mounted perpendicularly, said blocks being thus intended to permit the intersection of walls with dividing partitions;
Figures 17' to 19' are plan views of the ~locks shown in Figs. 17 to 19 res?ectively;
Figures 20 and 20' are pe~spective and plan views respectively to an alternative of the ty?es of block shown in Figs. 18 and 19 but having recesses to provide fittings on both sides of the block, the block being intended to ensure the fitting of blocks ~r a parti~
tion with the blocks of a wall that is perpendicular to it;
Figure 21 is a perspective view of a block for use in the method of construction according to the present invention in combination with the blocks shown in the preceding figures intended to form a trough with holes for passing tubing and electrical ducting through them, called a H block;
Figure 22 is a perspective view of a block of the same type as represented in Fig. 21, but without holes;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a block of the same type as shown in Figs. 21 or 22 but with the rear face interrupted to provide a fitting permitting using the block as a corner block a~ the level of the final top course of the surrounding beam;
Figures 24 to 26 are perspective views of alterna-tives of the blocks shown in Figs. 21 to 23~ the rear face being of lesser height than the front face to permit laying structural elements and p-e-fabricated covering filling elements on the block;
~ igures ~7 and 27' are pers~ective and plan views of a corner block to be used on all courses except the last one;
Figure 28 is a plan view of the crDssing of blocks of a dividing wall with a marginal wall;
Figures 29 and 29' are a perspective and an elevation respectively of blocks intended to be used on the course immediately above that of the blocks which make up the lintels of window or door openings and only in the space delimited by the lintel of the opening;
~ igure 30 is a diagra~matic plan view of a first course of blocks mounted for the erection of a building;
Figure 31 is a diagrammatic plan view of a course at the level of the lintels for an appreciation of the manner in which the problem of o?enings is overcome;
Figure 32 is a diagrammatic plan view at the cover level representing the reinfo~cement of the surrounding beams;
Figure 33 is a diagram~atic perspective view showing the laying of the first and second courses of blocks in a construction;
~ igure 34 is a cross-section along line A-B of Fig.
30;
Figure 35 is a perspective view showing the method of assembly of a prefabricated covering or flooring;
Figure 36 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the manner of execution of various types of pillars;
~ ~Z~'73 g Figure 37 is a sectional view of a T~ethod of e}ecution of a beam or lintel;
Figure 38 shows a pers?ective view of a construction representing how a lintel shoul~ be made to deal with a window opening and the application of a block of the type shown in Figs. 29 and 29';
Figure 39 shows a diagram~atic perspective view of the mounting of water distributiO~ ducts;
Figure 40 is a diagram~atic view of the setting up of an electric lighting installation.
In Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings 2 representation is given, in various views, of the typical block according to the present invention, and it may be considered that all the others are alternat-ves derived ~rom this typi-cal block intended t~ meet the various constructional demands felt during the stages of construction of the various p~rts of a building.
As may be seen in these ~rawings, and to facilitate the description, the block ~.ay be regarded as being formed of a visible rectan~ular face or fascia 1 and of a rear face 1~ which is also rectangular, said faces being joined together by strips 2 ~hich define, to-gether with faces ~, 1', through rectangular cavities 2'.
In this method of embodi~ent of the block according to the invention, the stri?s 2 are three in nu~ber, thus defining two throug~ cavities or holes 2'.
l~ ~Z7~3 The three strips 2 which connect faces 1, 1' together protrude jointly with the portions of wall which join them, on the upper part of the block so as to form an upper male fitting, being obviously drawn back by an equal distance in relation to the bottom ridges of faces 1, 1~ to provide them at the bottom with the corresponding female fitting and thus permit the mounting of the block upon an identical block below it.
It is therefore obvious that the height of each `strip 2 and of the walls that join them will be exactly equal to the height of each face 1, 1'. ~ith this arrangement there is provided for each block according to the invention a bottom female fitting and a top male fitting, ~o facilitate the entry of these fittings, the p3rtions of the side surface~ 3 of the skri~s ~
ioh pro~ect f~o~ th~ visible an~ rear faces 1, 1' Pre inwsrdly incline~, the inner surfaces 4 of the vlslble or fascia and rear faces 1, 1~ being adapted to the pro jecting parts of the strips of the un~erneath block, for which purpose they have a corresponding slant, as will be ~een better in ~igures 4 and 5.
With this arrangement there is obtained at the top and bottom a perfect simultaneous fitting of the block~
to a high degree of precision and with great ease of assembly, making this immediately accessible to unskilled persons without specialist knowledge.
Still according to the invention and along a ~Z7~3 hori ontll di~e~tion the in~erl~ di~ i? ~ ~Jill be t~ener~ positioncd a~ an l~u l di ~ c from the si~e en~s Or the faces 1, 1', but with -tne aim o~ pro-viding fittin,,s, along a horizontal direction, with the laterally adjacent blocks, one of ~he strips 2, gener-ally on the left-hand side of the block, facing the latter by means of face 1, or visible face, will pro-ject from the vertical left side edges of these faces by means of inGline~ surfaces 3' to provide a male fit~ing ~ith the female one of the blocl of the course ~hich is being followed along the left-hand side.
Correspondingly, the outermost strip on ~he right-hand side of the block is placed in a drawn back position relative to the strai~ht ver~;icc~ ;i3 ;? edges of faces 1, 1` to supply on this side of the block a female fit~ing, provision bein~ made for correspondingly lnclined surfaces 4' on the inner sides of faces 1, 1' which pro3ect beyond said outermost strip to provide suitable entry and adjustment ~rith the m~le fitting o~ the conti-guous block on the right-hand side of the course. With this arrangement there i9 also achieved~ in a ho~izontal direction, a fitting on both sides o~ the block ~ith the contiguous blocks of the course, with the greate~t accuracy, supplying to the inclined surfaces 3' and 4' easy fittings of high precision. On the upper parts of the strips ch~nnels 6 are provided ~hich permit, when a hori~ontal course of blocks has been laid, the 2~73 housin~ or ducts or electric cables which are perfectly positioned without affecting or jeopardizing the laying of the blocks of the upper horizontal course, or interfering with their fi-tting~
On the visible or fascia side 1, on two contiguous sides of the face, a recess 5 is provided which permits constituting after assembly a ~rille of pleasant appear-ance on the visible face and which will,provide better keying for a subsequent coating on this facing, should ït be desired.
~ ith the block described and according to the present invention there is therefore obtained a perfect fitting on the fo~r faces of the block, that is to say, upper fitting and bottom fitting in a vertical direction, and fitting on both sides in a hori~ontal direction;
this, in addition to imparting exceptional rigidity to the construction carried out, permits accuracy and ease of assembly whioh places it ~ompletely within the reach of non-specialists In addition to this, it should b~
noted furthermore that with the arrangements described a block is obtained, the considerable lightness of which is obtained without jeopardix.ing strength and rigidity, this making its handling quite easy for persons not used to physical wo~k ~ he through holes 2' will generally ha~ their inner walls slightly divergent towards the lower part of the block as may be seen in Fig. 3, with a view to _ 13 --facilita-tin~ the withdrawing of the block from the mould on coming out of the block-making machine.
In ~igs. 6 to 11 of the attached drawings in which similar parts are represented by the same reference figures, a representation is given of alternatives according to the invention of the basic block represented in Figs. 1 to 5 which contain modifications intended to adapt the blocks to the various situations arising during the erection of a building, particularly for living in, identical parts being denoted by the same reference numbers.
Thus, Figs. 6 and 6' show a block which, instead of having a male fitting and a female one, both laterally provided, contains two lateral female fittings.
Figures 7 and 7' show another alternative in which the block, contrary to the representation in Figures 6 and 6', has two male fittings laterally.
Figures 8 and 8~ show another alternati~e of t~e block in which the block has on one side a female fitting and on the other, not ~isible in Fig. 8, a flat face without bottom recess, this block being intended to act as an end block for a door or window opening on the first horiæontal course o~ blocks.
Figures 9 and 9~ show an alternative block intended to start courses above the first one, acting as an end block for a window or door opening. For this purpose, the block has on one side a female fitting as described ~1~27'73 herei~-l\-ove or, alternatlvely, as shown in ~igs. 11 and 11', ~ inale fitting identical with the foregoing and, on the opposite side, a flat face 7 ~hich has at the bottom ~ recess 7' for engagement in the projecting strips of the bottom blocks. ~he flat face will const-lute the lintel of a window or door opening of which the block is the end block.
Figure~ 10 and 10' also show a lintel block being an alternative of the block of Fig. 8 having on one side ~ male fitting instead of a female one, and intended therefore also to start an opening on the first course of blocks, the flat face 7 being for this purpose without a recess.
~ igures 11 and 11' further represent a lintel bloc~ constituting further another alternative of the block represented in Fig. 8, intended also to start an oper.ing, but on the following cources, for which purpose it is provided at the bottom with a female fitting 7' to permit the superimposition Qn the upper male fi+tings of the blocks situated below, but still having laterally a male fitting instead of a female one as i~ ~igs. 9, 9'. In this way, the creation of a door or w~ndow opening is extremely easyt the first cour~se ~elng started with a block such as represented in ~ig9~ 8 and 8' tor 10 and 10') which will rest directl~ on the mortar bed of the wall foundation and, a~ove, along the vertical course o~ this block, blocks ~ill follow which already possess the bottom 1~2773 f;~l~le fitting 7~ of tile types represented in Figs.
9, 3' (~ith side female fitting) or in ~igs. 11, 11' (wi~h side Male Iitting).
To permit the necessary size adjustments to the dimensions on the plan of the building to be erected and to permit of greater flexibility, that is to say, so that it shall not be imperative that the lengths of wall to be constructed should compulsorily be substantially multiples of the working length of the types of blocks describe~ so far, provision is made, according to the present invention, for types of blocks with one hole only, which differ basically fro~ those described hereinbefore in having approxi~
~ately half the length and one hole only, yet re-taining the same types of fittings and the respectlve combinations on the four non-visible and fitting sides of the block.
'~hus, in Figures 12 and 12' a block according to the invention is sho~n with a single hole having on one side a male fitting and on the other side a female fitting. This block constitutes the general stc~ldard block with a single hole and may be regarded as being derived from the block shown in Fig. 1 and des ribed hereina~ove, in the reduction of its le~gth to half and thus having a single hole 2'.
The block shown in Figs. 13, 13' constitute~
2~773 I t, the e~l hlock ~hic~ wJi~ e lln~c! of a windot~
or do~ i!eI~ 011 t~le I`ir~t ~ourse laid on -the wall Joun(t~tLen, but ~JaViIlg a si!;gle hole and therefore e~i~e(l ~'rom -the block reprcsent~d in Figs. 8 and 8', th o~ h the reduction to h~llf the length of same.
'l`he blocks shown in ~'igs. 14, 14'; 15, 15' and 16, 1~' in accordance with the invention derive, as is obv-iolls, from the blocks represented respectively in ~ s 9, 9'; 10, 10' and 11, 11~, for which reason a detalled description is considered to be unnecessary.
i. description having been given of the types of bl~cls w}lich permit the construction of the walls in tileir decorative parts, there remain to be considered t~ pes of blocks which, accordilig to the present inv ntion, permit joining walls at right angles, or in-le~secting or crossing walls (in the case of d~ iclng walls). ~he various types of blocks intended b2~-eic~lly for this purpose according to the invention ~e represented in ~ig5. 17 to 20 and 28.
'l`nus, in ~'igs. 17, 1~ C~ represeiltation iS
~i~en of a block which may be re~arded as derived from the basic block of the present invention, shown in Fi~. 1 .~ld in which provision is made on the inner f~ce sf the block 1', in line with one of the holes Z', fo- ~-l recess 8 which ends laterally in two lnclined f~ce~ 4' intended to engage onto faces 3' of the .L~ ''ltting of the block mounted perpendicularly to . .
~1~2~73 it, to start the perpendicular dividirlg wall.
Fi~ting 8 is thus completely i~cntical with the lateral female fittings already described constituted laterally by the inclined surfaces 4'. In the same way as the block represented in ~ig. 1 it has fittings on its four sides as is evident frorn the figures.
In ~igures 18, 18' the block shown differs from the foregoing in that it has the flat face 7 and does not have a bottom fitting. This block will therefore be intended to permit the insertion of a dividing wall ne.;t to the lintel of a window or door opening and has no bottom female fitting to be inserted on the first course resting on the foundation of the wall.
The following blocks mounted on the vertical course on blocks of this type are represented in Figures 19, 19' and for this purpose they are provided at the bottom with a female fitting 7'~ Obviously these types of block may be left-hande~ or rigilt-hande~ depending on the side of the bottom face 1~ on which there are found the recess 8 and the surface 4' which form the female fitting.
~ lhen it is desired to continue with the construction of the dividing wall on the opposite side of the wall towards which it converges (crossing of walls) use is made, according to the invention, of the block repre-sented in ~igures 20, 20', a detalled description of which is dispensed with in the light of that which has Z~73 _ 13 -previously been described in ccmlt-ction with these figures, or as is represented in ~ig. '3 when it is desired to effect the joining of the dividing wall with an outer wall.
Figures 21 and 22 show, according to the present invention, channel or H type blocks ~ith and without holes, respectively. ~hese blocks, as will be seen on tlle figures, have at the bottom a female fitting which is entirely identical with those of the blocks previously described and intended in principle to constitute the top end course of a wall, being thus mounted on the male fittings of the blocks of the adjacent bottom course.
~ ecause of their shape they allow the formation of channels to act as formwork for the concreting of lintels or beams, the reinforcements being obviously placed inside the channel as may be seen in Figure 37.
In the event of provision being made for the intersec-tion or the passing through of a pillar it is possible, according to the inventionl to use an H block with holes (Fig. 21), or for the construction of a lintel or binding beam, the block without holes of Fig. 22.
Figures 2~ and 24 show corner blocks according to the inverltion intended to be applied on the last upper course following the H-type blocks described above, ~ hese types of blocks may be regarded as derived from the H-type blocks referred to, in which part of Z~^~73 the inner face 1' ~about half) is absent, thus per-mitting the insertion as desired of a corner pillar.
The block will obviously have two visible faces 1 and 1 ", perpendicular to and on the side of face 1' (inner side) starting from the cavity created by the interruption of the face 1' there will begin the course of perpendicular blocks which will form part of the perpendicular wall.
The blocks of Figures 24, 25 and 26 derive9 in accordance with the invention, from those represented in Figures 21, 22 and 23 and possess the feature that the inner face 1' is recessed relative to the visible face 1 so as to permit the laying of small beams of a prefabricated covering, for example, as is evident from Fig. 35.
All the remaining features of these blocks from Figures 21 to 26 ~rill be obvious in the light of the foregoing descriptions and the figures, all of them having, even at the bottom, the female fitting identical with that of the blocks described hereinabove~
Figures 27 and 27' show a perspective and plan view, respectively, of the type of block to be used according to the invention in the corners of the cons-truction on all the courses, excluding the last upper course which, generally, as already stated, will con-tain the surrowlding beam further ~o -the utilisation of the H~blocks of Figures 21 to 26. This block Z~73 differs from the block sho~m in l~igs. 18 and 18' in that, instead of a male fitting, it has a smooth face next to the female fitting $t, 8, 4' for the block which will start the perpendicular course. On the opposite side, provision is made, on the type shown in ~igs. 27, 27', for a female fitting. It is obvious that it will be possible to provide a male fitting instead of a female one, and provide also for the position of the side fitting 4', 8, 4' for the blocks starting the perpendicular courses to be on the side opposite that shown on the figure for application in the corners of the opposite side of the construction.
Thus, in this case as in the other types of blocks already described, it will be possible to speak of "left-handed" and "right-han e_ blocks, possibi-lities which are obviously considered to be covered by the scope of the present invention, but which were not described so as not to len~then the ~scription un-necessarily, as they are obvious to the specialist.
4~ sl~ow a cros~ groove.
Figure 28 shows an~ther type of block in accordance with the present invention which constitutes an alternative construction of a dividing wall. ~hi~
block may be regarded as derived from the one which W2S described above with reference to I'igs. 20, 20' through the substitution of the male fitting on one of the sides by a smooth face.
Finally, in Figures 29, 29' a type of block 1~ 773 is represen~e~ which is identic.-ll with the block of general type sho~m in ~`ig.l but l/hicrlllas, as an alter-native, a male fitting on the bottom face, instead of a female fitting as provided in Fig. 1. r~his type of block is intended to be mounted on the H-blocks shown in ~igs.21 and 22, provided these are used in the cons-truction of beams or lintels for door or window opening~
as is shown in detail in Fig. 38.
As may be seen in this figure the lintel which caters for the window opening is formed, according to the invention, of four H-shaped blocks which constitute the formwork for placing reinforcements and concreting. To effect fitting and accuracy of assembly in suitable manner, as the H-blocks obviously lack the up?er male fitting which the blocks according to the invention generally have, provision is therefore made for the assembly of the blocks of ~igures 29, 29' with the respective bottom male fitting. As may be seen in ~ig. 38, to carry out the lintel, use was made of four H-blocks, with four blocks of the type of ~igs. 29, 29' being laid at the top.
~ he remaining blocks of this course will be of the types already described and suited to the respective ?Sition, On the basis of the description hereinabove of the various types of blocks according to the present inven-tion it will be easy to deduce immediately the manner in which they are applied, implementing the method of ~Z773 ` - 22 -construction according to the invention.
In Fig. 30 of the attached drawings a diagram is sho~m of the first course of blocks of a simple rectan-gular construction with some partitions.
Fig. 31 shows a diagram of æ course at the level of the lintels, with the representation of the bar reinfor-cements which will form part of the lintels. For the construction of these lintels use may be made of the type of H-block represented in Figs. 21 or 22, placing in the channel thus formed the prefabricated reinforcements of the bodies of the lintels.
Fig. 32 shows in plan view the course of blocks at the level of the covering, the course being made up of blocks of the types represented in ~igq. 21 to 26, to correspond to the alternati~es imposed by the type of construction. In any event, the chief ob~ectivo in any alternative is, in this course, to for~ a channel for plP^ing the reinforoements and concreting of the surrounding beam.
For example, an interesting alternative is that re-presented in detail in Fig. 35 in ~Jhich, for the last cou~se, use was made of blocks of the types represented in Figures 24, 25 or 26, i.e. blocks in which the lnner face 1l is of smaller height than the visible face 1.
This arrangement, according to -the present inventi~n, permits not only forming the channel for concreting the surrounding beam, but also, as a consequence of tha Z7t73 lesser height of the inner face, supplying a support for the small beams of a prefabricated cover, for example, as represented in detail in said Fi~ure 35.
In Figure 33 a detail is shown in perspective of the first two courses at a corner of a building, with a diagrammatic representation of the method of assembly of the blocks. As may be seen in the figure, advantage is taken of the cavity supplied by the corner blocks re-presented in Figs. 27, 27' to mount the reinforcements of a corner pillar.
~ igure 34 represents a cross-section along line A-B
of Fig. 33, showing how the blocks of the first and second course are laid, and how a building i5 started according to the method of the invention.
Generally, it will be necessary to start by le~elling the building ground, open up and fill in trenches and ensure in them a strictly level surface so that the laying of the blocks may be made with the greatest precision and conformity to the ~ertical, by 8imple fitting together.
If the earth paving has already been carried out, the pattern of the walls to be raised, or at least their axis, will have to be drawn on it.
Along this outline the mortar is placed as the blocks of the first course are laid, as this mortar is the binder of the first course to its foundation, being contained inside the block. ~his first course of blockq ~l~Z7~3 will furthermore be embedded in the floor when the concrete surfacing (0.05 m) is laid, as may be seen in Fig. 34.
If it is necessary to create vertical supports or pillars of reinforced concrete, the reinforcements must be from the start integrated in the footings, though there is no need to lay them at once all over the area so as not to make the placing of the blocks difficult.
~ he reinforcing rods may thus be mounted subsequent-ly with the superimposition of the ~ars re~uired.
The compacting of the concrete poured into the holes of the blocks to construct pillars may be carried out, for example, by vibration of the reinforcements.
~ igs. 36 and 37 show some forms, without a limita-tive character, of provision of formwork for beamq and pillars to carry out the relevant concreting. The ver-satility permitted by the design of the building block~
according to th~ invention, makes lt possible to find innumerable combinations within the reach of the person who carries out the building, without baing a tachnlcian~
in the easy achievement of this type of resistant ele-ments, for which reason the solutions sho~l in ~igs.
36 and 37 are merely examples.
Fig. 39 shows a diagrammatic view in perspecti~e view of the possibilities and facilities which the blocks according to the invention afford for the mounting of internal water distribution networks. The alternative shown has no limitative character of any kind, as l~Z773 , innumerable alternatives are possible, and suggest them-selves to the specialists.
In the case represented in ~ig. 39 use is made of the H-blocks, constituting the surrounding beam, as described hereinbefore, for the embedding of the hori-zontal branches of the supply and distribution ductR to and from a store of drinking water, for example in a dwelling. The coinciding vertical holes of the mounted blocks may be used, as represented, for the laying of the vertical branches of the ducting, and in the room provided for the installation, for example, of a meter, it may be provided to fit an H-type block repres-ented in Figs. 21 and 22 which will supply the box required to house it. It is possible to draw the same conclusions with regard to Fig. 40 which represents a manner of mounting an electrical installation making use of the channels 6 provided on the upper faces ~f the strips 2 of the blocks as described hereinbefore.
The blocks in accordance with the invention will be generally made of concrete or cement mortar and sand, though it is possible to use other mouldable materials permitting easy machine-production.
Indeed, and as was already indicated earlier, the blocks according to the present invention exhibit noteworthy finishing features which, considered in association with the system of fittings on the four faces of assembly of the block, supply very considerable ~142773 ease of assembly and rapidity of laying which further permit solving the problem of rapid and perfect execu-tion of filling walls of reduced strength in cantilever structures.
With the blocks and constructional methods accord-ing to the invention there is therefore ensured speed and ease of construction which makes building access-ible to the non-specialist (build it yourself), with savings of labour not achieved hitherto, and it must be stressed that the system of fitting and the accuracy of finish which the design of the blocks ensure, permit, as already mentioned herei.nbefore, both the laying in the dry state without jeopardizing the accuracy of assembly, and the use of glues instead of mortar, all of which leads to substantial savings and obvious ease of application.
The blocks according to the invention may be moulded in the most diverse materials generally used in civil engineering for this type of element~. .
A preferred material will be concrete with a grain si7e for the inert materials and cement content suitable for moulding this type of building elements with machines.
d) to make possible the creation of any supportinz structures required, constituted by pillars and beam~
actually integrated in the wall itself, b~ means of the placing of reinforcements in recesses present in all the blocks, or in special blocks, subsequently concreted, always with small amounts of concrete, easily obtained by artisan methods;
e) to make it possible for ducting (water, drainage, electricity) to be incorporated, vertically, in the holes of the blocks and, horizontally, in special 1~27~
trough or H-shaped blocks, or passing through normal blocks in perforations easily made in them by means of special drills available on the market.
The preferred form of embodiment of the block according to the invention has the following basic dimensions:-length: 250 mm or 500 mm width: 125 mm or 250 mm height: 200 mm The thickness of the walls of the block is generally 40 mm.
Although the present invention covers various types of blocks which are-geometrically different and which are represented on the attached drawings, the truth is that such blocks are the outcome of modifications and func-tional adjustments of a basic type of typical block described in detail hereinunder.
~he above aim of the present invention is achieved, from a broad aspect, by the provision of a fit-in block for the construction of buildings characterized in that it is formed by two vertical rectangular rims constitut-ing respectively the front and rear faces of the block, which are joined at the bottom by a transversal strip situated at an adequate distance from the bottom edges of the faces, so that a female fitting may be obtained which is adaptable to the upper male fittings of the blocks.
The transversal strip has openings in a position coinciding with cavities going through the blocks. The blocks are ~i , Z~73 - 4a -intended to constitute formwork for beams or lintels with pillars going through, or to form grooves or channels for laying ducts or cables thereinto.
The present invention will be better understood on the basis of the detailed description which follows with reference to the attached drawings in which the Figures may be specified as follows:-Figure-l is a perspective of the typical block according to the present invention having on one side a male fitting part and on the opposite side a female fitting part;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the block of Fig. 1 i ?i~ure j is 2 view from belo~ of the block in Fig. l;
Figure 4 is a right-hanà side elevation of the block;
Figure 5 is a left-hand side elevation of the block;
Figure 6 is a perspective of an alternative of the type of block according to the invention, having on each side of the block female-type fittirgs;
Figure 6' is a plan view of the block sho~m in Fig. 6;
Figure 7 is a perspective of an alternative block according to the invention with male fittings on both sides of the block;
Figure 7' is a plan view of the block shown in Fi~ 7;
Figure 8 is a perspective of an alternative b:ock with a female fitting on one side and a flat surface on the opposite side, without any recess, said block being thus intended to function as the end block of the first cour~e when it is desired to define the side piece of a willdow or door frame;
Figure 8' is a plan view o~ the blo^k shown in Fig. 8;
Figure 9 is a perspective of a block identical with that of Fig. 8, but having the outermost face flat, constituting the face of a window or door frame side piece, ending in recessed manner for fitting with the 7~3 projecting end strip of the bo~tom block intended to be used in the courses following the first one in the side piece of a window or door fra~e;
~ igure 9' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 9;
Fig. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative block sho~m in Fig. 8 but fitted with a male fitting instead of the female fitting as in Fig. 8;
Figure 10' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 10;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternative block shown in Fig. 9, having on one of the sides a male fitting instead of a female one as in Fig. 9;
Figure 11' is a plan view of the block shown in Fig. 11;
Figures 12 to 16 are perspective views of blocks with fitting systems identical with those shown in the pre-ceding figures but having only two outermost strips, defining a si~gle hole;
Figures 12' to 16' are plan views of the correspond-ing blocks shown in Figs. 12 to 16;
Figures 17 to 19 are perspective views of blocks constituting alternatives of the blocks shown in Figs.
1, 10 and 11 respectively, in that a recess has been made on the inner face of the block to supply a fitting for a block mounted perpendicularly, said blocks being thus intended to permit the intersection of walls with dividing partitions;
Figures 17' to 19' are plan views of the ~locks shown in Figs. 17 to 19 res?ectively;
Figures 20 and 20' are pe~spective and plan views respectively to an alternative of the ty?es of block shown in Figs. 18 and 19 but having recesses to provide fittings on both sides of the block, the block being intended to ensure the fitting of blocks ~r a parti~
tion with the blocks of a wall that is perpendicular to it;
Figure 21 is a perspective view of a block for use in the method of construction according to the present invention in combination with the blocks shown in the preceding figures intended to form a trough with holes for passing tubing and electrical ducting through them, called a H block;
Figure 22 is a perspective view of a block of the same type as represented in Fig. 21, but without holes;
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a block of the same type as shown in Figs. 21 or 22 but with the rear face interrupted to provide a fitting permitting using the block as a corner block a~ the level of the final top course of the surrounding beam;
Figures 24 to 26 are perspective views of alterna-tives of the blocks shown in Figs. 21 to 23~ the rear face being of lesser height than the front face to permit laying structural elements and p-e-fabricated covering filling elements on the block;
~ igures ~7 and 27' are pers~ective and plan views of a corner block to be used on all courses except the last one;
Figure 28 is a plan view of the crDssing of blocks of a dividing wall with a marginal wall;
Figures 29 and 29' are a perspective and an elevation respectively of blocks intended to be used on the course immediately above that of the blocks which make up the lintels of window or door openings and only in the space delimited by the lintel of the opening;
~ igure 30 is a diagra~matic plan view of a first course of blocks mounted for the erection of a building;
Figure 31 is a diagrammatic plan view of a course at the level of the lintels for an appreciation of the manner in which the problem of o?enings is overcome;
Figure 32 is a diagrammatic plan view at the cover level representing the reinfo~cement of the surrounding beams;
Figure 33 is a diagram~atic perspective view showing the laying of the first and second courses of blocks in a construction;
~ igure 34 is a cross-section along line A-B of Fig.
30;
Figure 35 is a perspective view showing the method of assembly of a prefabricated covering or flooring;
Figure 36 is a diagrammatic plan view showing the manner of execution of various types of pillars;
~ ~Z~'73 g Figure 37 is a sectional view of a T~ethod of e}ecution of a beam or lintel;
Figure 38 shows a pers?ective view of a construction representing how a lintel shoul~ be made to deal with a window opening and the application of a block of the type shown in Figs. 29 and 29';
Figure 39 shows a diagram~atic perspective view of the mounting of water distributiO~ ducts;
Figure 40 is a diagram~atic view of the setting up of an electric lighting installation.
In Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings 2 representation is given, in various views, of the typical block according to the present invention, and it may be considered that all the others are alternat-ves derived ~rom this typi-cal block intended t~ meet the various constructional demands felt during the stages of construction of the various p~rts of a building.
As may be seen in these ~rawings, and to facilitate the description, the block ~.ay be regarded as being formed of a visible rectan~ular face or fascia 1 and of a rear face 1~ which is also rectangular, said faces being joined together by strips 2 ~hich define, to-gether with faces ~, 1', through rectangular cavities 2'.
In this method of embodi~ent of the block according to the invention, the stri?s 2 are three in nu~ber, thus defining two throug~ cavities or holes 2'.
l~ ~Z7~3 The three strips 2 which connect faces 1, 1' together protrude jointly with the portions of wall which join them, on the upper part of the block so as to form an upper male fitting, being obviously drawn back by an equal distance in relation to the bottom ridges of faces 1, 1~ to provide them at the bottom with the corresponding female fitting and thus permit the mounting of the block upon an identical block below it.
It is therefore obvious that the height of each `strip 2 and of the walls that join them will be exactly equal to the height of each face 1, 1'. ~ith this arrangement there is provided for each block according to the invention a bottom female fitting and a top male fitting, ~o facilitate the entry of these fittings, the p3rtions of the side surface~ 3 of the skri~s ~
ioh pro~ect f~o~ th~ visible an~ rear faces 1, 1' Pre inwsrdly incline~, the inner surfaces 4 of the vlslble or fascia and rear faces 1, 1~ being adapted to the pro jecting parts of the strips of the un~erneath block, for which purpose they have a corresponding slant, as will be ~een better in ~igures 4 and 5.
With this arrangement there is obtained at the top and bottom a perfect simultaneous fitting of the block~
to a high degree of precision and with great ease of assembly, making this immediately accessible to unskilled persons without specialist knowledge.
Still according to the invention and along a ~Z7~3 hori ontll di~e~tion the in~erl~ di~ i? ~ ~Jill be t~ener~ positioncd a~ an l~u l di ~ c from the si~e en~s Or the faces 1, 1', but with -tne aim o~ pro-viding fittin,,s, along a horizontal direction, with the laterally adjacent blocks, one of ~he strips 2, gener-ally on the left-hand side of the block, facing the latter by means of face 1, or visible face, will pro-ject from the vertical left side edges of these faces by means of inGline~ surfaces 3' to provide a male fit~ing ~ith the female one of the blocl of the course ~hich is being followed along the left-hand side.
Correspondingly, the outermost strip on ~he right-hand side of the block is placed in a drawn back position relative to the strai~ht ver~;icc~ ;i3 ;? edges of faces 1, 1` to supply on this side of the block a female fit~ing, provision bein~ made for correspondingly lnclined surfaces 4' on the inner sides of faces 1, 1' which pro3ect beyond said outermost strip to provide suitable entry and adjustment ~rith the m~le fitting o~ the conti-guous block on the right-hand side of the course. With this arrangement there i9 also achieved~ in a ho~izontal direction, a fitting on both sides o~ the block ~ith the contiguous blocks of the course, with the greate~t accuracy, supplying to the inclined surfaces 3' and 4' easy fittings of high precision. On the upper parts of the strips ch~nnels 6 are provided ~hich permit, when a hori~ontal course of blocks has been laid, the 2~73 housin~ or ducts or electric cables which are perfectly positioned without affecting or jeopardizing the laying of the blocks of the upper horizontal course, or interfering with their fi-tting~
On the visible or fascia side 1, on two contiguous sides of the face, a recess 5 is provided which permits constituting after assembly a ~rille of pleasant appear-ance on the visible face and which will,provide better keying for a subsequent coating on this facing, should ït be desired.
~ ith the block described and according to the present invention there is therefore obtained a perfect fitting on the fo~r faces of the block, that is to say, upper fitting and bottom fitting in a vertical direction, and fitting on both sides in a hori~ontal direction;
this, in addition to imparting exceptional rigidity to the construction carried out, permits accuracy and ease of assembly whioh places it ~ompletely within the reach of non-specialists In addition to this, it should b~
noted furthermore that with the arrangements described a block is obtained, the considerable lightness of which is obtained without jeopardix.ing strength and rigidity, this making its handling quite easy for persons not used to physical wo~k ~ he through holes 2' will generally ha~ their inner walls slightly divergent towards the lower part of the block as may be seen in Fig. 3, with a view to _ 13 --facilita-tin~ the withdrawing of the block from the mould on coming out of the block-making machine.
In ~igs. 6 to 11 of the attached drawings in which similar parts are represented by the same reference figures, a representation is given of alternatives according to the invention of the basic block represented in Figs. 1 to 5 which contain modifications intended to adapt the blocks to the various situations arising during the erection of a building, particularly for living in, identical parts being denoted by the same reference numbers.
Thus, Figs. 6 and 6' show a block which, instead of having a male fitting and a female one, both laterally provided, contains two lateral female fittings.
Figures 7 and 7' show another alternative in which the block, contrary to the representation in Figures 6 and 6', has two male fittings laterally.
Figures 8 and 8~ show another alternati~e of t~e block in which the block has on one side a female fitting and on the other, not ~isible in Fig. 8, a flat face without bottom recess, this block being intended to act as an end block for a door or window opening on the first horiæontal course o~ blocks.
Figures 9 and 9~ show an alternative block intended to start courses above the first one, acting as an end block for a window or door opening. For this purpose, the block has on one side a female fitting as described ~1~27'73 herei~-l\-ove or, alternatlvely, as shown in ~igs. 11 and 11', ~ inale fitting identical with the foregoing and, on the opposite side, a flat face 7 ~hich has at the bottom ~ recess 7' for engagement in the projecting strips of the bottom blocks. ~he flat face will const-lute the lintel of a window or door opening of which the block is the end block.
Figure~ 10 and 10' also show a lintel block being an alternative of the block of Fig. 8 having on one side ~ male fitting instead of a female one, and intended therefore also to start an opening on the first course of blocks, the flat face 7 being for this purpose without a recess.
~ igures 11 and 11' further represent a lintel bloc~ constituting further another alternative of the block represented in Fig. 8, intended also to start an oper.ing, but on the following cources, for which purpose it is provided at the bottom with a female fitting 7' to permit the superimposition Qn the upper male fi+tings of the blocks situated below, but still having laterally a male fitting instead of a female one as i~ ~igs. 9, 9'. In this way, the creation of a door or w~ndow opening is extremely easyt the first cour~se ~elng started with a block such as represented in ~ig9~ 8 and 8' tor 10 and 10') which will rest directl~ on the mortar bed of the wall foundation and, a~ove, along the vertical course o~ this block, blocks ~ill follow which already possess the bottom 1~2773 f;~l~le fitting 7~ of tile types represented in Figs.
9, 3' (~ith side female fitting) or in ~igs. 11, 11' (wi~h side Male Iitting).
To permit the necessary size adjustments to the dimensions on the plan of the building to be erected and to permit of greater flexibility, that is to say, so that it shall not be imperative that the lengths of wall to be constructed should compulsorily be substantially multiples of the working length of the types of blocks describe~ so far, provision is made, according to the present invention, for types of blocks with one hole only, which differ basically fro~ those described hereinbefore in having approxi~
~ately half the length and one hole only, yet re-taining the same types of fittings and the respectlve combinations on the four non-visible and fitting sides of the block.
'~hus, in Figures 12 and 12' a block according to the invention is sho~n with a single hole having on one side a male fitting and on the other side a female fitting. This block constitutes the general stc~ldard block with a single hole and may be regarded as being derived from the block shown in Fig. 1 and des ribed hereina~ove, in the reduction of its le~gth to half and thus having a single hole 2'.
The block shown in Figs. 13, 13' constitute~
2~773 I t, the e~l hlock ~hic~ wJi~ e lln~c! of a windot~
or do~ i!eI~ 011 t~le I`ir~t ~ourse laid on -the wall Joun(t~tLen, but ~JaViIlg a si!;gle hole and therefore e~i~e(l ~'rom -the block reprcsent~d in Figs. 8 and 8', th o~ h the reduction to h~llf the length of same.
'l`he blocks shown in ~'igs. 14, 14'; 15, 15' and 16, 1~' in accordance with the invention derive, as is obv-iolls, from the blocks represented respectively in ~ s 9, 9'; 10, 10' and 11, 11~, for which reason a detalled description is considered to be unnecessary.
i. description having been given of the types of bl~cls w}lich permit the construction of the walls in tileir decorative parts, there remain to be considered t~ pes of blocks which, accordilig to the present inv ntion, permit joining walls at right angles, or in-le~secting or crossing walls (in the case of d~ iclng walls). ~he various types of blocks intended b2~-eic~lly for this purpose according to the invention ~e represented in ~ig5. 17 to 20 and 28.
'l`nus, in ~'igs. 17, 1~ C~ represeiltation iS
~i~en of a block which may be re~arded as derived from the basic block of the present invention, shown in Fi~. 1 .~ld in which provision is made on the inner f~ce sf the block 1', in line with one of the holes Z', fo- ~-l recess 8 which ends laterally in two lnclined f~ce~ 4' intended to engage onto faces 3' of the .L~ ''ltting of the block mounted perpendicularly to . .
~1~2~73 it, to start the perpendicular dividirlg wall.
Fi~ting 8 is thus completely i~cntical with the lateral female fittings already described constituted laterally by the inclined surfaces 4'. In the same way as the block represented in ~ig. 1 it has fittings on its four sides as is evident frorn the figures.
In ~igures 18, 18' the block shown differs from the foregoing in that it has the flat face 7 and does not have a bottom fitting. This block will therefore be intended to permit the insertion of a dividing wall ne.;t to the lintel of a window or door opening and has no bottom female fitting to be inserted on the first course resting on the foundation of the wall.
The following blocks mounted on the vertical course on blocks of this type are represented in Figures 19, 19' and for this purpose they are provided at the bottom with a female fitting 7'~ Obviously these types of block may be left-hande~ or rigilt-hande~ depending on the side of the bottom face 1~ on which there are found the recess 8 and the surface 4' which form the female fitting.
~ lhen it is desired to continue with the construction of the dividing wall on the opposite side of the wall towards which it converges (crossing of walls) use is made, according to the invention, of the block repre-sented in ~igures 20, 20', a detalled description of which is dispensed with in the light of that which has Z~73 _ 13 -previously been described in ccmlt-ction with these figures, or as is represented in ~ig. '3 when it is desired to effect the joining of the dividing wall with an outer wall.
Figures 21 and 22 show, according to the present invention, channel or H type blocks ~ith and without holes, respectively. ~hese blocks, as will be seen on tlle figures, have at the bottom a female fitting which is entirely identical with those of the blocks previously described and intended in principle to constitute the top end course of a wall, being thus mounted on the male fittings of the blocks of the adjacent bottom course.
~ ecause of their shape they allow the formation of channels to act as formwork for the concreting of lintels or beams, the reinforcements being obviously placed inside the channel as may be seen in Figure 37.
In the event of provision being made for the intersec-tion or the passing through of a pillar it is possible, according to the inventionl to use an H block with holes (Fig. 21), or for the construction of a lintel or binding beam, the block without holes of Fig. 22.
Figures 2~ and 24 show corner blocks according to the inverltion intended to be applied on the last upper course following the H-type blocks described above, ~ hese types of blocks may be regarded as derived from the H-type blocks referred to, in which part of Z~^~73 the inner face 1' ~about half) is absent, thus per-mitting the insertion as desired of a corner pillar.
The block will obviously have two visible faces 1 and 1 ", perpendicular to and on the side of face 1' (inner side) starting from the cavity created by the interruption of the face 1' there will begin the course of perpendicular blocks which will form part of the perpendicular wall.
The blocks of Figures 24, 25 and 26 derive9 in accordance with the invention, from those represented in Figures 21, 22 and 23 and possess the feature that the inner face 1' is recessed relative to the visible face 1 so as to permit the laying of small beams of a prefabricated covering, for example, as is evident from Fig. 35.
All the remaining features of these blocks from Figures 21 to 26 ~rill be obvious in the light of the foregoing descriptions and the figures, all of them having, even at the bottom, the female fitting identical with that of the blocks described hereinabove~
Figures 27 and 27' show a perspective and plan view, respectively, of the type of block to be used according to the invention in the corners of the cons-truction on all the courses, excluding the last upper course which, generally, as already stated, will con-tain the surrowlding beam further ~o -the utilisation of the H~blocks of Figures 21 to 26. This block Z~73 differs from the block sho~m in l~igs. 18 and 18' in that, instead of a male fitting, it has a smooth face next to the female fitting $t, 8, 4' for the block which will start the perpendicular course. On the opposite side, provision is made, on the type shown in ~igs. 27, 27', for a female fitting. It is obvious that it will be possible to provide a male fitting instead of a female one, and provide also for the position of the side fitting 4', 8, 4' for the blocks starting the perpendicular courses to be on the side opposite that shown on the figure for application in the corners of the opposite side of the construction.
Thus, in this case as in the other types of blocks already described, it will be possible to speak of "left-handed" and "right-han e_ blocks, possibi-lities which are obviously considered to be covered by the scope of the present invention, but which were not described so as not to len~then the ~scription un-necessarily, as they are obvious to the specialist.
4~ sl~ow a cros~ groove.
Figure 28 shows an~ther type of block in accordance with the present invention which constitutes an alternative construction of a dividing wall. ~hi~
block may be regarded as derived from the one which W2S described above with reference to I'igs. 20, 20' through the substitution of the male fitting on one of the sides by a smooth face.
Finally, in Figures 29, 29' a type of block 1~ 773 is represen~e~ which is identic.-ll with the block of general type sho~m in ~`ig.l but l/hicrlllas, as an alter-native, a male fitting on the bottom face, instead of a female fitting as provided in Fig. 1. r~his type of block is intended to be mounted on the H-blocks shown in ~igs.21 and 22, provided these are used in the cons-truction of beams or lintels for door or window opening~
as is shown in detail in Fig. 38.
As may be seen in this figure the lintel which caters for the window opening is formed, according to the invention, of four H-shaped blocks which constitute the formwork for placing reinforcements and concreting. To effect fitting and accuracy of assembly in suitable manner, as the H-blocks obviously lack the up?er male fitting which the blocks according to the invention generally have, provision is therefore made for the assembly of the blocks of ~igures 29, 29' with the respective bottom male fitting. As may be seen in ~ig. 38, to carry out the lintel, use was made of four H-blocks, with four blocks of the type of ~igs. 29, 29' being laid at the top.
~ he remaining blocks of this course will be of the types already described and suited to the respective ?Sition, On the basis of the description hereinabove of the various types of blocks according to the present inven-tion it will be easy to deduce immediately the manner in which they are applied, implementing the method of ~Z773 ` - 22 -construction according to the invention.
In Fig. 30 of the attached drawings a diagram is sho~m of the first course of blocks of a simple rectan-gular construction with some partitions.
Fig. 31 shows a diagram of æ course at the level of the lintels, with the representation of the bar reinfor-cements which will form part of the lintels. For the construction of these lintels use may be made of the type of H-block represented in Figs. 21 or 22, placing in the channel thus formed the prefabricated reinforcements of the bodies of the lintels.
Fig. 32 shows in plan view the course of blocks at the level of the covering, the course being made up of blocks of the types represented in ~igq. 21 to 26, to correspond to the alternati~es imposed by the type of construction. In any event, the chief ob~ectivo in any alternative is, in this course, to for~ a channel for plP^ing the reinforoements and concreting of the surrounding beam.
For example, an interesting alternative is that re-presented in detail in Fig. 35 in ~Jhich, for the last cou~se, use was made of blocks of the types represented in Figures 24, 25 or 26, i.e. blocks in which the lnner face 1l is of smaller height than the visible face 1.
This arrangement, according to -the present inventi~n, permits not only forming the channel for concreting the surrounding beam, but also, as a consequence of tha Z7t73 lesser height of the inner face, supplying a support for the small beams of a prefabricated cover, for example, as represented in detail in said Fi~ure 35.
In Figure 33 a detail is shown in perspective of the first two courses at a corner of a building, with a diagrammatic representation of the method of assembly of the blocks. As may be seen in the figure, advantage is taken of the cavity supplied by the corner blocks re-presented in Figs. 27, 27' to mount the reinforcements of a corner pillar.
~ igure 34 represents a cross-section along line A-B
of Fig. 33, showing how the blocks of the first and second course are laid, and how a building i5 started according to the method of the invention.
Generally, it will be necessary to start by le~elling the building ground, open up and fill in trenches and ensure in them a strictly level surface so that the laying of the blocks may be made with the greatest precision and conformity to the ~ertical, by 8imple fitting together.
If the earth paving has already been carried out, the pattern of the walls to be raised, or at least their axis, will have to be drawn on it.
Along this outline the mortar is placed as the blocks of the first course are laid, as this mortar is the binder of the first course to its foundation, being contained inside the block. ~his first course of blockq ~l~Z7~3 will furthermore be embedded in the floor when the concrete surfacing (0.05 m) is laid, as may be seen in Fig. 34.
If it is necessary to create vertical supports or pillars of reinforced concrete, the reinforcements must be from the start integrated in the footings, though there is no need to lay them at once all over the area so as not to make the placing of the blocks difficult.
~ he reinforcing rods may thus be mounted subsequent-ly with the superimposition of the ~ars re~uired.
The compacting of the concrete poured into the holes of the blocks to construct pillars may be carried out, for example, by vibration of the reinforcements.
~ igs. 36 and 37 show some forms, without a limita-tive character, of provision of formwork for beamq and pillars to carry out the relevant concreting. The ver-satility permitted by the design of the building block~
according to th~ invention, makes lt possible to find innumerable combinations within the reach of the person who carries out the building, without baing a tachnlcian~
in the easy achievement of this type of resistant ele-ments, for which reason the solutions sho~l in ~igs.
36 and 37 are merely examples.
Fig. 39 shows a diagrammatic view in perspecti~e view of the possibilities and facilities which the blocks according to the invention afford for the mounting of internal water distribution networks. The alternative shown has no limitative character of any kind, as l~Z773 , innumerable alternatives are possible, and suggest them-selves to the specialists.
In the case represented in ~ig. 39 use is made of the H-blocks, constituting the surrounding beam, as described hereinbefore, for the embedding of the hori-zontal branches of the supply and distribution ductR to and from a store of drinking water, for example in a dwelling. The coinciding vertical holes of the mounted blocks may be used, as represented, for the laying of the vertical branches of the ducting, and in the room provided for the installation, for example, of a meter, it may be provided to fit an H-type block repres-ented in Figs. 21 and 22 which will supply the box required to house it. It is possible to draw the same conclusions with regard to Fig. 40 which represents a manner of mounting an electrical installation making use of the channels 6 provided on the upper faces ~f the strips 2 of the blocks as described hereinbefore.
The blocks in accordance with the invention will be generally made of concrete or cement mortar and sand, though it is possible to use other mouldable materials permitting easy machine-production.
Indeed, and as was already indicated earlier, the blocks according to the present invention exhibit noteworthy finishing features which, considered in association with the system of fittings on the four faces of assembly of the block, supply very considerable ~142773 ease of assembly and rapidity of laying which further permit solving the problem of rapid and perfect execu-tion of filling walls of reduced strength in cantilever structures.
With the blocks and constructional methods accord-ing to the invention there is therefore ensured speed and ease of construction which makes building access-ible to the non-specialist (build it yourself), with savings of labour not achieved hitherto, and it must be stressed that the system of fitting and the accuracy of finish which the design of the blocks ensure, permit, as already mentioned herei.nbefore, both the laying in the dry state without jeopardizing the accuracy of assembly, and the use of glues instead of mortar, all of which leads to substantial savings and obvious ease of application.
The blocks according to the invention may be moulded in the most diverse materials generally used in civil engineering for this type of element~. .
A preferred material will be concrete with a grain si7e for the inert materials and cement content suitable for moulding this type of building elements with machines.
Claims (5)
1. A fit-in block for the construction of buildings characterized in that it is formed by two vertical rectangular rims constituting respectively the front and rear faces of the block, which are joined at the bottom by a transversal strip situated at an adequate distance from the bottom edges of the faces, so that a female fitting may be obtained which is adaptable to the upper male fittings of the blocks, said transversal strip having open-ings in a position coinciding with cavities going through the blocks, the blocks being intended to constitute formwork for beams or lintels with pillars going through, or to form grooves or channels for laying ducts or cables thereinto.
2. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the transversal strip is free of holes, the block being intended for the formwork of beams or lintels or for the provision of grooves or channels for laying ducts thereinto.
3. A block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said rear face is interrupted to supply a fitting which permits using the block as a corner block on the last upper course which will form the surrounding beam.
4. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at the bottom a male fitting instead of a female fitting for use as formwork for lintels to deal with window or door openings.
5. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear face is lower than the front face to permit laying on the block structural elements or prefabricated cover filling elements, steps or flooring slabs, and their subsequent coating and concreting to form a general surrounding beam.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT70322A PT70322A (en) | 1979-10-16 | 1979-10-16 | BUILDING BLOCK FOR BUILDING CONTRACTS EMPLOYING SAID BLOCKS |
| PT70,322 | 1979-10-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1142773A true CA1142773A (en) | 1983-03-15 |
Family
ID=20082577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000361147A Expired CA1142773A (en) | 1979-10-16 | 1980-09-26 | Fit-in blocks for the building of walls and method of construction utilising such blocks |
Country Status (31)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5664057A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR228263A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT373955B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6212980A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE885692A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8005896A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1142773A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3016963A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK415480A (en) |
| DO (1) | DOP1980003024A (en) |
| EG (1) | EG16304A (en) |
| ES (3) | ES260831Y (en) |
| FI (1) | FI803197L (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2467929A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2060026A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL61169A0 (en) |
| IN (2) | IN154189B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1128608B (en) |
| JO (1) | JO1106B1 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82807A1 (en) |
| MC (1) | MC1351A1 (en) |
| MT (1) | MTP876B (en) |
| MW (1) | MW4080A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX150842A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA06639A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH24422A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT70322A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8007224L (en) |
| YU (1) | YU258580A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA806384B (en) |
| ZM (1) | ZM8280A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4896472A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1990-01-30 | Hunt Terence Joseph | Building block and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4473985A (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1984-10-02 | Terence Hunt | Building block |
| AU2567184A (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-09-20 | Robert Crabtree Creighton | Building block |
| FR2570421A1 (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-03-21 | Navarro Lorenzo Fernandez | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BUILDING BUILDINGS OR OTHERWISE BEFORE HAVE GOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF DUCTILITY |
| YU127889A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1990-12-31 | V Vujacic | Precise processed building blocks |
| FR2656357A1 (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1991-06-28 | Moulin Jean Yves | Method for manufacturing construction blocks |
| GR1000901B (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-16 | Ioannis Aylogiaris | Construction method |
| AT398448B (en) * | 1992-01-20 | 1994-12-27 | Schmaranz Ing Rudolf | MODULE INSERT FOR BUILDING WALLS |
| US5592784A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1997-01-14 | Forma Block, Inc. | Trench structure |
| AU668058B2 (en) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-04-18 | Caswold Hickson Lee | Building blocks and method of building construction |
| SE505130C2 (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1997-06-30 | Rune Johansson | Fixing device at building block |
| US6226951B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 | 2001-05-08 | Azar Holdings Ltd. | Concrete building blocks |
| CA2222004C (en) * | 1996-12-11 | 2001-08-07 | Tony J. Azar | Concrete building blocks |
| ES2147092B1 (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2001-04-16 | Guerra Ruiz Jose Antonio | PERFECTION OF PATENT NUMBER "P9301622" MODEL AND PREFABRICATED BLOCK SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION THAT IS NOT NECESSARY TO USE ANY KIND OF MORTAR OR GLUE ON THE JOINTS TO JOIN THEM BETWEEN. |
| ES1044457Y (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2000-09-01 | Bardavio Jesus Gonzalez | PERFECTED BRICK FOR CONSTRUCTION. |
| AU2002363916A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2004-07-09 | Jose Elias Ramirez Barreto | Construction method using partitions |
| SE525536C2 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-03-08 | Maxit Ab | Building blocks |
| GB2402682B (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-11 | David Watson | A building method and mould units |
| DE112004002881A5 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2007-05-31 | ILA Bauen & Wohnen Ökologische Produkte und Bausysteme Vertriebsges. mbH | Method for creating a load-bearing masonry and stones for carrying out the method |
| ES2291066B1 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2008-10-16 | Diverhome, S.L. | SET OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS. |
| WO2006030053A2 (en) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-03-23 | Diverhome, S.L. | Set of building construction elements |
| WO2007083216A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-26 | Andries Hendrik Du Plessis | Interlocking building block |
| FR2900426A1 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2007-11-02 | Fabemi Gestion Soc Par Actions | Parallelepipedic shaped long precast concrete block e.g. conglomerate, for e.g. erecting wall, has easing core emerged at level of surfaces, where distance between internal wall and lateral surface is equal to one fifth of block`s thickness |
| FR2910032A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-20 | Gerard Marcoccia | Modular construction element for e.g. inner wall, of building, has openings traversing core between surfaces of body, where center of each opening is positioned at middle of square having sides each corresponding to width between walls |
| FR2923234B1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2012-08-17 | Orsol Sa | METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING A PILLAR IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL, PILLAR AND SYSTEM OF CORRESPONDING PILLARS |
| ES2341203B1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2011-06-09 | Megaray, S.L. | CONCRETE BRICK FOR SEPARATION OF HOUSES AND BETWEEN HOUSES AND COMMON AREAS. |
| ES2341210B1 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2011-06-09 | Megaray, S.L. | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE MAIN PATENT N. 200800975: CONCRETE BRICK FOR SEPARATION OF HOUSES AND BETWEEN HOUSES AND COMMON AREAS. |
| FR2961538B1 (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2012-08-17 | Eurl Baumer Damien | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN EDIFICE FROM BOILING BRICKS WITH DRY JOINTS |
| ECSP10010487A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-06-29 | Vega Juan Carlos Barrera | ARMED CONCRETE RELIEF BLOCK WITH SMOOTH FINISH AND FAST MOUNTING SYSTEM |
| MX2010013375A (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-11 | Arturo Ramon Alvarez Moysen | System for constructing walls using blocks equipped with coupling means. |
| AU2011235975B1 (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2012-06-07 | Harvey, Elise Claire Ms | H Brick Interlock System |
| FR2991353B1 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2016-07-01 | Jean Yves Moulin | BUILDING BRICK FOR DRY INSTALLATION |
| ES2555633B1 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-09-15 | Unión Familiar Constructora, Ufacon, Sl | Construction system |
| JP6224038B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-11-01 | 株式会社田中構造設計 | Floor structure construction method and floor structure |
| CN107747375A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-02 | 浙江大东吴集团建设新材料有限公司 | One kind is exempted from fluting haydite and laid bricks |
| DE102019109154A1 (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-08 | Hauke Radtke | Wall component, component with wall component and method for producing a building using a wall component |
| CN112554376A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-03-26 | 三梁环境技术(山西)有限公司 | Novel lightweight aggregate concrete bearing slat building block and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2022165315A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | Rosaruiz Enterprises Inc. | Barrier systems and methods |
| FR3120883A1 (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-23 | Eloge Franck David Koubemba | SEMI-EMBOITED BLOCK MANUALLY MADE |
| BE1031083B1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-24 | Cobefa | CORRIDOR SILO WALL MADE OF STACKABLE BUILDING BLOCKS |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1986730U (en) * | 1968-06-06 | Theo Greverath 5413 Bendorf | Large-format seamless brick | |
| DE824382C (en) * | 1949-03-10 | 1951-12-10 | Alois Rauch G M B H | Wall construction system for the erection of exterior and interior walls of all kinds |
| DE1609584C3 (en) * | 1966-03-01 | 1975-02-13 | Bender, August Hugo, 7500 Karlsruhe | Construction use for clad concrete walls with preferably two vertical filling shafts having formwork blocks |
| FR1486285A (en) * | 1966-07-04 | 1967-06-23 | Ceramic block, rectified, applicable to construction and its method of implementation | |
| FR1534723A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1968-08-02 | Building block for lintel or chaining | |
| AU411987B2 (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1971-04-01 | Day Joseph | Building blocks |
| FR2064533A5 (en) * | 1969-09-23 | 1971-07-23 | Glotin Gaston | |
| DE2106104A1 (en) * | 1971-02-09 | 1972-08-17 | Bender, August Hugo, 7500 Karlsruhe | Three-chamber stone in the grid building insert |
-
1979
- 1979-10-16 PT PT70322A patent/PT70322A/en unknown
-
1980
- 1980-05-02 DE DE19803016963 patent/DE3016963A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-05-27 GB GB8017338A patent/GB2060026A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-07-23 FR FR8016213A patent/FR2467929A1/en active Pending
- 1980-07-23 AT AT0382180A patent/AT373955B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-08-08 MC MC801465A patent/MC1351A1/en unknown
- 1980-09-05 IN IN1015/CAL/80A patent/IN154189B/en unknown
- 1980-09-08 AU AU62129/80A patent/AU6212980A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-09-12 PH PH24568A patent/PH24422A/en unknown
- 1980-09-15 BR BR8005896A patent/BR8005896A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-09-24 ZM ZM82/80A patent/ZM8280A1/en unknown
- 1980-09-25 ES ES1980260831U patent/ES260831Y/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-26 LU LU82807A patent/LU82807A1/en unknown
- 1980-09-26 CA CA000361147A patent/CA1142773A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-30 IL IL61169A patent/IL61169A0/en unknown
- 1980-10-01 DK DK415480A patent/DK415480A/en unknown
- 1980-10-08 DO DO1980003024A patent/DOP1980003024A/en unknown
- 1980-10-08 AR AR282817A patent/AR228263A1/en active
- 1980-10-09 YU YU02585/80A patent/YU258580A/en unknown
- 1980-10-09 FI FI803197A patent/FI803197L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-10-11 EG EG620/80A patent/EG16304A/en active
- 1980-10-13 MT MT876A patent/MTP876B/en unknown
- 1980-10-14 BE BE0/202450A patent/BE885692A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-10-14 IT IT49890/80A patent/IT1128608B/en active
- 1980-10-15 JO JO19801106A patent/JO1106B1/en active
- 1980-10-15 SE SE8007224A patent/SE8007224L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-10-16 OA OA57236A patent/OA06639A/en unknown
- 1980-10-16 MX MX184359A patent/MX150842A/en unknown
- 1980-10-16 ZA ZA00806384A patent/ZA806384B/en unknown
- 1980-10-16 MW MW40/80A patent/MW4080A1/en unknown
- 1980-10-16 JP JP14504280A patent/JPS5664057A/en active Pending
-
1982
- 1982-03-15 ES ES1982263907U patent/ES263907Y/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-15 ES ES1982263908U patent/ES263908Y/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-03-17 IN IN172/MAS/84A patent/IN160429B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4896472A (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1990-01-30 | Hunt Terence Joseph | Building block and system |
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| MKEX | Expiry |