WO2023099942A1

WO2023099942A1 - Walls, blocks and prefabricated double-sided slabs for use in vandad landscape

Info

Publication number: WO2023099942A1
Application number: PCT/IB2021/061210
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ramin HEMMATI
Original assignee: Hemmati Ramin
Priority date: 2021-12-02
Filing date: 2021-12-02
Publication date: 2023-06-08

Abstract

The walls, blocks and prefabricated double-sided slabs for use in all construction applications. The proposed plan is presented by 4 methods. The first method is for those constructions that have been presented in this way in the initial design. The second method is for buildings that are currently in operation (even in the traditional way) in such buildings, this technology can be used after finishing the frame. The third method is the simultaneous execution of the proposed frame and walls, which is fully applicable for smaller-scale buildings with fewer roofs. The fourth method to facilitate the installation of exposed concrete slabs in dry form and is specific to buildings that have been implemented and intend to begin construction of the facade.

Description

Walls, blocks and prefabricated double-sided slabs for use in Vandad landscape

Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped or slab-shaped elements (E04B 1/02)

Prefabricated masonry walls panels

United States Patent 9926703

A hollow prefabricated masonry wall panel is made at a fabrication site and is configured for transportation to a build site. The hollow prefabricated wall panel has a base row and an upper row formed of hollow blocks. A slit is formed in the top of each of the two side walls of the hollow blocks of the base row and upper row, the slit having a width no larger than 20% a width of a side wall. Provisional reinforcement is provided within each slit with a bonding material, a size of the slit and the provisional reinforcement configured to provide tensile strength during transportation of the hollow prefabricated wall panel from the fabrication site to the build site. At least one mid-row is laid between the base row and upper row so the hollow cavities are aligned to preserve hollow wall cavities that can accept code required reinforcement once transported to the build site.

Prefabricated wall panels connecting system

United States Patent 6151843

A connecting system for prefabricated panels for forming walls and roofs of buildings which includes a non-structural concrete corner piece for attachment between abutted prefabricated wall panels. The wall panels having geometrically configured channels for securing roof truss members with complimentary geometrically configured straps.

While the present invention, instead of discussing the connection of walls, offers methods for the production of blocks, walls and prefabricated double-sided panels to improve and eliminate problems in construction operations.

AERATED BLOCK-BASED PREFABRICATED WALL PANEL AND FLOOR PANEL

WIPO Patent Application WO/2019/085175

An aerated block-based prefabricated wall panel and floor panel, relating to the technical field of the fixation of walls of buildings. The aerated block-based prefabricated wall panel is a panel prefabricated before existing wall building construction. The aerated block-based prefabricated wall panel consists of an outer concrete panel , an aerated block-based core layer , and an inner concrete panel that are sequentially disposed from outside in; an outer reinforcing mesh is disposed inside the outer concrete panel; an inner reinforcing mesh is disposed inside the inner concrete panel ; connecting reinforcing bars are welded or hooked between the inner and outer reinforcing meshes; the connecting reinforcing bars penetrate through the aerated block-based core layer . The wall panel and the floor panel are specially used for the secure, rapid and firm mounting of aerated block-based walls, and can be used as prefabricated filled wall panels, or prefabricated wall/floor panels of low-rise and high-rise buildings.

Prefabricated panel for wall construction

European Patent Application EP1975334 Kind Code: A2

The invention relates to a prefabricated panel for wall construction, of the type formed by a base layer and another stone layer or the like, defining the visible face, in which the layer forming the visible face of the panel has a plurality of blocks or slabs on the base layer, attached to one another and occupying virtually the entire contour of the mold, with the desired format for the panels and the inside being tightly filled with said blocks or slabs. However, in addition to displaying, the present invention is prepared with various purposes and methods and includes more applications.

PREFABRICATED WALL PANELS

United States Patent Application 20120047816

A prefabricated wall panel includes molds for casting reinforced concrete (RC) elements. The prefabricated wall panel includes foam boards, foam glass panels fixed to the foam boards, fabric mesh fixed to the foam glass panels, wire mesh fixed to the fabric mesh, and an exterior wall finish fixed to the wire mesh. Spaces defined by the foam boards and the foam glass panels form the molds for casting RC columns and beams. The present invention is for the construction of block walls and prefabricated double-sided panels and has nothing to do with the casting of beams and columns.

WALL RACKS, TRACKS, AND ROLLER FOR MAKING PREFABRICATED WALL PANELS

United States Patent Application 20120047835

A system for finishing a prefabricated wall panel includes a rack wall, three tracks, and a roller. The rack wall includes columns that can insert into molds in the prefabricated wall panel. The columns are rotatable from a vertical position to a horizontal position. Two lateral tracks each include a channel and bolts along a length of the track. The two lateral tracks are mounted to two ends of the wall rack and spaced apart about the width of the prefabricated wall panel. A top track includes bolts along a length of the track. The top track is located parallel to the wall rack at a distance about the height of the prefabricated wall panel. The roller has wheels that travel in the channels of the two lateral tracks so the roller is can roll over mortar on the surface of the prefabricated wall panel. While the present invention, instead of referring to the components that can be added and completing the prefabricated double-sided panels, refers to the construction and operation of the wall block and the prefabricated panels and offers 4 methods for it.

PREFABRICATED WALL PANEL, CONNECTION STRUCTURE THEREOF AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

WIPO Patent Application WO/2019/206193

A prefabricated wall panel, a connection structure thereof and a construction method therefor, wherein the prefabricated wall panel comprises a wall panel module, upper and lower end surfaces of the wall panel module are each pre-embedded with connection steel bars, the connection steel bars extend from end parts of the wall panel module to fix expansion heads, and the size of the expansion heads is larger than the outer diameter of the connection steel bars. Prefabricated wall panels adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction among a plurality of prefabricated wall panels are spliced together to form a "-" shape, a "T" shape, an "L" shape or a cross shape, and a vertical post-cast belt is formed at connection locations of the prefabricated wall panels. When constructing a prefabricated wall, a lower-level prefabricated wall panel is pre-installed and fixed, and then an upper-level prefabricated wall panel is temporarily supported and positioned, such that a space for a horizontal post-cast belt is reserved between the upper and lower-level prefabricated wall panels; the connection steel bars of the upper and lower-level prefabricated wall panels are connected using sleeves; concrete of the horizontal post-cast belt is poured, and cement paste flows into the sleeves. The prefabricated wall panel fabricated by using the foregoing process has good connection integrity and high shock resistance. In the present invention, 4 different methods with 4 different applications are provided to benefit from prefabricated walls and double-sided blocks, which have tried to minimize the disadvantages and shortcomings of the previous cases and are the most comprehensive method at present.

Construction wall panel and panel structure

United States Patent 5381635

A prefabricated panel for forming walls and roofs of buildings includes a concrete planar portion having a first face and a second face, at least one concrete rib projecting from the first face, at least one block of insulating material fitted adjacent to the first face and the at least one rib, a plastic stud channel secured over at least one of the at least one rib, anchors for securing the panel to a foundation. A polystyrene strip is preferably contained within each plastic stud channel. The anchors preferably include a first angle-iron plate having first and second planar portions, the first planar portion being contained within one of the concrete ribs and the second planar portion being exposed and parallel with the exterior of the rib, a second angle-iron plate having first and second planar portions, the first planar portion being fastened to the second planar portion of first angle iron plate and the second planar portion being secured to the foundation. A structure formed of such panels includes a foundation having a ledge around its edges and several of the panels positioned vertically on the ledge and secured to the foundation to form walls. Additional panels may be placed across the tops of the vertically positioned panels to form a roof. These additional panels have at least one slot for receiving the tops of the vertically positioned panels.

Prefabricated wall panel with tongue and groove construction

United States Patent 8782988

A prefabricated wall panel has a precast body including at least one decorative design element. In addition, the wall panel includes a mounting element having a first end embedded in the precast body and a second end projecting from the precast body. A groove is formed between the precast body and the second end of the mounting element along a first edge of the precast body. A tongue is formed along a second edge of the precast body opposite the first edge. The tongue and groove cooperate to allow prefabricated wall panels to be more easily installed on a support substrate. While the main focus of this invention is to provide an installation element for prefabricated panels, the present invention has made it possible to connect these plates together in four different ways.

Design and construction of prefabricated two-sided walls of Vandad with the ability to execute all facilities and also the use of different materials based on the design and installation in the location of Vandad two-sided blocks of with dimensions of 1 * 3 or 2 * 1 cm etc. with the ability to select any type of material and also the ease of execution of any type of installation and opening in the wall without destruction, the ability to execute the frame simultaneously time on both Vandad double-sided walls and Vandad double-sided blocks and achieve high speed and quality, simultaneous use of materials such as stone, tile, wood, etc. on each side of the wall or block facade, depending on the type of consumer choice, increases the variety of the product and brings the building out of a modular and industrial structure. In addition to this capability, quality, speed of work and unprofessional execution, brings about cost reduction and also helps to manage crisis in difficult situations. This can be a significant issue in entering the national and international markets.

In most common construction methods, there are problems such as prolonged construction time, throwing materials, heavy transportation, overhead costs of executive items, environmental problems, mass production of construction waste, high executive costs to diversify projects, effects of atmospheric factors, noise pollution, traffic in the passages and excessive water consumption, etc., is obvious due to the common methods and is unfortunately ignored. Of course, in order to lighten the building and minimize energy consumption and high performance quality, measures such as D-panel walls, ICF structures, Heblex blocks, CLC blocks, drives and other similar items are considered and used. However, these methods also face problems such as specialization and prolongation of execution time, as well as high overhead costs for having a variety of materials. Therefore, the present invention has been done with the aim of improving the previous problems and achieving the goals described below.

Prolongation of construction time

Prolongation of construction time in conventional or traditional methods due to the expansion of executive and specialized items is obvious and certainly requires a lot of time to perform the work.

2- Specialization of all executive items

Due to the variety of methods in the execution and construction of a building, depending on the type of process to be performed, different specializations should be used.

3- Lots of transports

Due to the wide range of executive operations, many transfers occur in projects

4- Complexity of lightweight structural

lightweight structural of the structure with the advancement of technology has been done to some extent in materials such as Hubblex blocks, d-panel walls, ICF system, etc. But all such materials have problems, most of which are due to lack of proper scheduling or unprofessional implementation.

5- High costs due to multiple executive items

Executive costs in traditional and conventional methods will be relatively higher because each specialty has its own salary and also the preparation of infrastructure for the implementation of each item has its own costs.

6- Environmental and recycling problems

Unfortunately, environmental problems and the lack of recycling of some materials are common in today's traditional methods.

7- Lack of wall integration (structure)

In conventional and traditional methods, due to generally installation items (implementation of vertical sewer pipes and electrical installations), grooves are created in the wall surface, which in turn will cause a lack of wall integrity and it will cause problems such as cracks in the wall during operation.

8- Traditional construction process

Traditional methods will face poor quality of execution due to the multiplicity of work items, except for prolonging the manufacturing process.

9- Lack of design diversity

To create various designs in common and traditional methods, different materials are used.

10- Lack of quality in the usual executive methods

Due to the proliferation of executive items in the workshop, in addition to wasting time, the quality will inevitably decrease. Monitoring all executive operations will be difficult.

11- Insecurity of common methods both during execution and during operation

Safety in conventional methods has a low degree both during execution and during operation.

12- Effects of atmospheric factors on work execution (non-execution of work in any environmental conditions)

Atmospheric factors are one of the issues that affect the quality and time in construction projects.

13- Creating noise pollution and disturbing adjacent buildings in the usual way

14- High water consumption in the usual method for processing and execution

15- The usual methods in critical situations such as floods, earthquakes, wars, etc. are time consuming and have many problems.

In general, the multiplicity of executable items in conventional methods have problems that can be solved by designing walls and double-sided blocks of Vandad at a much lower cost than conventional methods.

Solution of problem

Providing solutions and designing and manufacturing materials is the key to eliminating the majority of the mentioned problems and obstacles in construction , and achieving the most important factors such as high quality, minimum run time, simplicity of implementation and non-specialization, reduced shipping, achieving an integrated and light structure despite various designs, reduction of executive costs, environmentally friendly and green building implementation, zeroing construction debris, sound insulation and very low heat transfer coefficient, which is vital in energy consumption, industrialization of construction, execution of various projects in the implementation stage, very high safety both during construction and during operation, reducing and even zeroing the effects of the weather on performance, reduction of noise pollution and non-disturbance for adjacent buildings, no need for heavy material depots and road construction, indigenousness of executive materials and no need for other provinces or countries and finally, a significant reduction in water consumption compared to conventional methods. The proposed plan in order to solve these problems is presented by 4 methods. The first method is for those constructions that have been presented in this way in the initial design. The second method is for buildings that are currently in operation (even in the traditional way) in such buildings, this technology can be used after finishing the frame. The third method is the simultaneous execution of the proposed frame and walls, which is fully applicable for smaller-scale buildings with fewer roofs. The fourth method to facilitate the installation of exposed concrete slabs in dry form and is specific to buildings that have been implemented and intend to begin construction of the facade.

The first method:

(Execution of prefabricated Vandad double-sided walls based on architectural, installation, electrical and mechanical designs)

The execution process in the first method is such that the exposed concrete slabs that are lightened with Leica pumice and perlite in a combined way, are produced in the slap size of (0,008 * 4 *3 meters) at the factory and based on the type of architecture, design and pipes of electrical and mechanical installations are implemented on slap slabs and cut according to the requested dimensions.

To build a two-sided wall, two of these slabs are needed, each on one side. The mentioned slabs are scooped and connected to each other with the proposed methods after passing the requested facilities, and after preparing the structure of the wall, they are filled with foam concrete. Then the whole set of walls is directed into the autoclave for processing and after that the built wall is removed from the factory for installation at the project site. In a 4 or 4-storey or high-rise building, after the foundation is laid, the columns are installed at any height and then the exterior and interior walls are placed in their proper place and after that the bridges and the roof beam and the concreting of the roof take place.

On the next floor, which had a low ceiling, it is ready to install exterior and interior walls, after which bridges, beams and slabs are installed. To speed up the execution operation, prefabricated slabs can be used and installation operations can be performed only in the project. Regarding the construction of the two-sided walls of Vandad, we will describe the details according to the mentioned steps:

Production of exposed concrete tiles with a thickness of 2 mm: Relatively large 4*3 slabs which reach a specific weight of 2 kg per cubic meter by Leica and perlite pumice, are reinforced with glass or metal fibers, etc., and ultimately produced in the form of press molds. They are then placed on the classified wheels using mechanical arms and led to an autoclave.

After processing, the slabs are placed on the conveyor and led to the cutting section. There, the required dimensions are cut on the tile and the location of the sockets, collector box, fuse box, valves or anything that is defined in the installation and needs an opening is located and punched on the slabs.

In another place, according to the size of the wall, the location of the wall posts, openings and coiling is done in the coiling workshop and it is prepared for the installation of exposed concrete slabs.

Then the slabs are connected on the coil and transferred to the foam concrete injection workshop. When the foam concrete injection is done, the wall is directed into the autoclave on the wheel.

The vital issue is that the walls can be scooped to the exposed concrete and produced not only by covering the exposed concrete but also by the facade of artificial stone, natural stone, and ceramic and go through the remaining steps. Also, if a 3D design on the wall is needed, different molds and designs can be used so that one side of the wall is simple and the other side is patterned; or even artificial stone technology can be used in these walls and concrete slabs be replaced by artificial stone slab slabs; this can be used in the desired beautification that the designer intends.

After constructing the walls with any requested material, the walls are transported to the project site and prepared for installation. In the installation workshop, the position of the wall is determined and the wall coils are prepared to connect the main structure of the building.

For each project, at least 2 cm on the floor is usually considered as flooring and at least 2 cm on the ceiling is considered as a false ceiling. These dimensions, both on the floor and on the ceiling, are suitable for connecting the wall coil to the structure and connecting the pipes of electrical and mechanical installations. This way, the installations inside the wall can be connected to each other or to the duct. The described process reduces construction time by at least 3% in conventional methods and is of high accuracy and quality. Also reduce to zero the effect of very important factors such as atmospheric effects, environmental problems and all the above mentioned issues that challenged other methods.

The second method

(Execution of Vandad wall blocks for buildings under construction by conventional methods)

Consider a building where the frames and roofs have been executed (most construction projects are executed this way). After performing the frames and roofs, hardening operations are done. For such projects, Vandad wall blocks with different sizes of 60 * 40 -60 * 80 * 120 * 80 cm are produced. The structure of the block is such that on both sides of the face of the block, exposed concrete slabs or artificial stone are used and between them concrete foam is placed. We will explain in detail how to build double-sided Vandad wall blocks according to the mentioned steps.

Two slabs with the thicknesses of 1.5 cm are connected to each other by designed parts and then they are placed in the desired molds and in the injection workshop, they are filled with foam concrete.
Slabs of different sizes are produced in molds by joining connecting elements and processed in an autoclave.
The two slabs are placed behind each other and their connection is done in different formats and with different widths depending on the type of wall (10 cm and 20 cm).

Execution of mechanical and electrical installations: Consider a wall where there are obstacles such as sockets, electrical switches, fuse boxes, collector boxes, openings or wall posts.

In such walls, in places where a power pipe should be passed or hit the wall post, two factory-made slabs of the same dimensions used in the wall are placed on both sides and connected to each other with the designed connection parts. The socket or switch is drilled on the slab and then filled with cement mortar impregnated with Leica pumice or perlite. In this method, after the execution of the wall, we will not need cement, soil and plaster, whitewashing, tiling, etc., and in one stage of the porcelain block, all these steps are applicable.

4- Foam concrete is injected into the molds and is directed to the autoclave for processing.

5- The molds are designed in such a way that at the execution site, the blocks can be placed on top of each other with sand and cement mortar or glue.

At the workshop site, we will encounter obstacles that we will describe at the time of execution

-All of these blocks can be produced with different consumption structures for landscaping, for example, a block with one side of natural stone and one side of tile, a block with one side of artificial stone and one side of exposed concrete, or a block with one side of 3D designs of exposed concrete or artificial stone and one side of plain designs. Accordingly, all different designs can be implemented according to the designer's opinion and all the items of masonry, tiling, whitewashing, soil and plaster and installation of 3D panels are left behind, this has a significant effect on cost reduction, quality, time, etc.

The third method

(Simultaneous execution of frame and walls)

This method is applicable in two ways:

Simultaneous execution of the structure with the double-sided walls of Vandad

In metal buildings, the columns required in the calculation plan can be connected to the wall coil in the factory coil workshop or be integrated at the installation site. The positive point in this method is that the columns at the factory site can be covered with exposed concrete coating or any other required coating. Accordingly, the column with the walls is placed on the foundation at the workshop site, and then the framing is done and the covering takes place with prefabricated or in-situ slabs. On the upper floors, the columns are connected to each other by punching slabs and prepare for the installation of the next roof beams. In the case of in-situ concrete buildings, the wall can be produced by the mentioned method, with the difference that on both sides of the wall where the wall is connected to the column, the exposed concrete slabs continue to the dimensions of the column and after foundation and reinforcement of the columns, install them from top to bottom on the site of the workshop. This allows the column reinforcement to be placed between the same exposed concrete slabs. These slabs are a kind of permanent template. After the plumb bob operation and leveling, concreting can be done and prefabricated and in-situ slabs can be used for covering the roof. In the method of concrete buildings, the execution of the concrete frame can be done in a prefabricated way at the workshop and be connected to the proposed walls; then it can be installed it the workshop site.

2-Simultaneous execution of the frame with Vandad double-walled wall blocks

In this method, which is mostly used in concrete frame buildings, after the foundation is laid and the columns are reinforced, the project walls can be executed with Vandad wall blocks. Each column has four sides that are installed in different positions on both sides of the wall column and is not connected to any wall on either side of the column or any side of the column. Exposed concrete slabs with factory-fitting attachments are placed on two or four sides of the column to form a durable concrete formwork. Then the concreting operation is performed. In-situ or prefabricated concrete slabs can be used to cover the roof. One of the advantages of this method is the integrity of the column and its requested view. In common methods of landscaping, Rabitz work or meshing is required.

The fourth method:

(Construction and installation of Vandad exposed double-sided concrete slabs in a dry form)

In addition to making Vandad wall and block slabs, this method can be used with variable views of exposed concrete, artificial stone, natural stone and tiles used in walls and blocks, in buildings whose frame and hardening is done by conventional methods and which are intended to do landscaping, with the difference that its connecting parts have their own design. For example, in a four-story building, where its roof frame and hardening are done in conventional ways and are ready for installation, joinery and facade operations, the slabs are designed in such a way that each is composed of: meshing to leveling the exposed concrete, additives for lightening and color of concrete and additional parts, the number of which varies according to the dimensions of the slab and is welded to the metal mesh to install the slab on the chassis, and then are placed in patterned or simple molds and concreting is done.

Concrete slabs are directed into the autoclave by processing wheels for processing. The connection parts are designed in the form of male and female, which is easily placed on top of each other at the installation site. The wall or facade of a 4-storey building is chassis led with a specific modulus, then the stud-shaped piece is welded to the main chassis and holes are installed on both gutter wings and the piece that is connected to the concrete and steel mesh in the concrete slab in the factory is placed as a latch inside the gutter holes. This way, a completely safe and high-speed execution takes place in the installation. The slabs made in the factory can be produced with the following different appearances.

Exposed concrete with a plain or patterned appearance
Plain or patterned artificial stone
Natural stone scooped with exposed concrete
Ceramic or tile scooped with exposed concrete

Installation of exposed concrete slabs or dry stone is currently being carried out by conventional methods, but their installation method is specialized and sophisticated, also their execution speed is very low compared to this method.

Advantage effects of invention

Reduction of at least 50% of construction time compared to conventional methods

Simplicity of implementation in any situation

Reducing the waste of materials to zero compared to the usual methods

Reducing the minimum transportation of materials

lightweight of the structure

Elimination of overhead costs of executive items in common methods

Environmentally friendly and achieving sustainable buildings

Removal of construction waste

Integration of walls and structures

Reduction of energy consumption due to thermal insulation

Construction industry

Achieve a variety of designs with the methods presented simultaneously

Reducing the costs of diversification in the construction of walls

High quality and accuracy of products due to industrialization

High safety compared to conventional methods both during construction and operation

Ability to execution in any conditions and reduce atmospheric effects

Comfort during execution for adjacent buildings and non-disturbance of conventional methods

7% reduction in water consumption compared to conventional methods

Elimination of the effects of economic inflation due to the high speed of execution

: Designed wall view and designed piece connecting two panels to each other

: How to build and install exposed concrete slabs Vandad double-sided.

: How to make Vandad double-sided blocks and connect them to each other

: How to build and install exposed concrete slabs Vandad double-sided.

: How to connect stone or ceramic to the mesh

: 1. Designed piece connecting two plates to each other

: 1. Designed piece connecting two plates to each other 2. Metal mesh to reinforce concrete beams 3. Cut the connection of two plates 4. Designed metal piece and welded to metal mesh 5. Exposed concrete slab

: 1. Designed piece connecting two plates to each other 4. Designed metal piece and welded to metal mesh 5. Exposed concrete slab 6. Concrete foam

: 1. Designed piece connecting two plates to each other 4. Designed metal piece and welded to metal mesh 5. Exposed concrete slab 6. Concrete foam 7. Place of pouring sand and cement mortar

: 1. Designed piece connecting two plates to each other 8. Natural stone or ceramic 9. Scope for connecting stone or ceramic to mesh

Examples

One method of implementing Vandad prefabricated double-sided walls based on architectural, installation, electrical and mechanical designs is such that the exposed concrete slabs that are lightened with Leica pumice and perlite in a combined way, are produced in the slap size of (444 * 1.5 meters) at the factory and based on the type of architecture, design and pipes of electrical and mechanical installations are implemented on slap slabs and cut according to the requested dimensions. To build a two-sided wall, two of these slabs are needed, each on one side. The mentioned slabs are scooped and connected to each other with the proposed methods after passing the requested facilities, and after preparing the structure of the wall, they are filled with foam concrete. Then the whole set of walls is directed into the autoclave for processing and after that the built wall is removed from the factory for installation at the project site.

These methods can be used in all construction applications, including residential, medical, commercial, military, construction of temporary or permanent residences, etc. In addition to that, one of the capabilities of this innovation is that the product produced by industrial methods can be used in the neighboring provinces as well as in the countries of the region due to the high speed of implementation in the mentioned applications.

Claims

The walls, blocks and prefabricated double-sided slabs for use in all construction applications. The proposed plan is presented by 4 methods.
According to Claim 1, The first method is for those constructions that have been presented in this way in the initial design.
According to Claim 1, The second method is for buildings that are currently in operation (even in the traditional way) in such buildings, this technology can be used after finishing the frame.
According to Claim 1, The third method is the simultaneous execution of the proposed frame and walls, which is fully applicable for smaller-scale buildings with fewer roofs.
According to Claim 1, The fourth method to facilitate the installation of exposed concrete slabs in dry form and is specific to buildings that have been implemented and intend to begin construction of the facade.