WO2006030053A2

WO2006030053A2 - Set of building construction elements

Info

Publication number: WO2006030053A2
Application number: PCT/ES2005/070114
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lorenzo Fernandez Navarro
Original assignee: Diverhome, S.L.; CANDANEDO GOMEZ, José Ramón
Priority date: 2004-08-17
Filing date: 2005-07-27
Publication date: 2006-03-23
Also published as: WO2006030053A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a set of construction blocks which can be assembled to one another using a tongue-and-groove system that is provided on at least one of the side faces of each block. The upper and/or lower faces of the blocks can also comprise complementary shaped means for positioning blocks next to one another. The invention consists of: jigs that rest on the ground, comprising at least two vertical wings or ribs, between which the reinforced concrete is introduced; blocks with parallelepiped profiles, comprising flanges on the upper face, corresponding cavities on the lower face and complementary tongue-and-groove elements on at least one of the outer walls thereof; blocks with U- and L-shaped sections which enable the concrete to be introduced; and coupling parts between two groove elements.

Description

Building construction elements set.

Technical sector.

The present invention is applicable in the building construction sector, and particularly suitable for constructions of one or a few heights.

The building construction sector has already existed for a long time and through the construction times there were always some novelties, other ways to build a house or building due to the architecture and the materials that existed. So you can build a house in the traditional style with blocks and mortar, a house that consists of almost only glass, wood, clay etc., or you can also build houses with prefabricated parts very quickly.

All these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but one drawback has all these methods in common, many special tools and specific qualifications are needed to build a building or similar.

With the present patent, the construction of walls, partitions etc. will be greatly facilitated, because the blocks are put in juxtaposition thus building a straight row and then a row over the other, achieving the nexus of the blocks, by means of the interweaving of the corresponding pieces Without other means of union. Building constructions have to meet certain static conditions, especially constructions that are in seismic terrain must have Good ductility conditions to have a greater resistance against earthquakes.

This resistance is obtained with these improved blocks in a completely adequate manner.

Background

- FR2432588 demonstrates building blocks that find a particularly advantageous but not limiting application in seismic areas due to their lack of ductility.

- P546986 of the inventor Lorenzo Fernández Navarro who is already dead, demonstrates the same devices with the difference that some parts are no longer needed, and the main drawback is that the protrusions for the vertical nexus did not exist, so the static properties of these Buildings were not adequate to build buildings in seismic areas as they had said in this patent, their heir now applies for this patent that solves the problem mentioned above.

Summary of the invention The present invention consists of a set of building construction devices or similar in which general structures such as walls, roofs, ceilings, etc. are constructed. Especially suitable for construction in seismic areas.

Certain faces of the blocks have complementary arrangements that present the adjacent blocks. These provisions allow self assembly the blocks in rectilinear and / or angular alignments, thus suppressing any means of connection. The upper and / or lower faces may also have the complementary means formed to allow the juxtaposition of the blocks. The blocks have certain male and female guides on their sides and ends, so the corresponding guides easily overlap, a guide on the upper face of the blocks are the projections, so the upper faces of the blocks also overlap with the lower faces, making an interlacing between the projections and the corresponding arrangements in the lower face of the blocks, thus increasing the vertical nexus.

The improvements in the construction as defined in the claims, allow the realization of a building of any height, for all people without specific qualification, nor special tools. The building blocks are arranged on the support templates that constitute the peripheral belt of the base of the building, which guard these templates with reinforced concrete, lifting walls and partitions of different blocks with self-assembling profiles, without any means of joining, laying the slabs in the ground, ceilings, and all the profiles constituted by means of element supported on the joists that collaborate with the corresponding part of the blocks that constitute a continuous peripheral belt, reinforced concrete is introduced in the blocks of the angle that are in vertical communication, as well as in the rows of blocks located peripherally at the level of floors and ceilings; they have, in combination with the joists that support the elements that constitute the roof and the tiles.

The improvements consist of the essential combination: - Of the floor support templates that have at least two ribs or vertical wings, between which reinforced concrete is introduced.

- Of the blocks, parallelepipedic profiles of different types, with projections on the upper face and corresponding holes on the lower face for the best vertical nexus and for the horizontal nexus, complementary male-female arrangements are placed, at least to one of the walls block exteriors.

- Of the blocks with sections such as "U" and "L" that allow the introduction of concrete without any discontinuity.

- Of the connection pieces between two female arrangements.

- Of support joists in inverted T-shaped profile and capable of collaborating with the corresponding part of the blocks.

- Of the alveolar flat elements that collaborate in the support with the wings of the joists, acting as slabs on the ground, ceiling and roof.

- Of the tiles properly shaped to be placed on the joists.

Brief description of the drawings

In order to make clearer the explanation to be followed, two sheets of drawings are attached to the present specification in which the essence of the present invention is represented in six figures, and in which the following is represented:

Figures 1 to 5 are perspective views with corresponding views Top of the self-assembling blocks. Figure 6 A perspective view of the connection element for connecting two female arrangements.

Figures 7 to 14 show perspective views with their corresponding top views of the different realizations of the self-assembling blocks with two holes. Figures 15 to 20 show perspective views with their corresponding top views of the different possibilities of realization of the self-assembling blocks with only one hole. Figure 21 A perspective view of a block with two edges. Figure 22 A perspective view of a block with an edge. Figure 23 A side view corresponding to Figure 24. Figure 24 A perspective view of the flat cellular element intended to constitute the floor, ceiling and ceiling. Figure 25 A perspective view of the joist that mainly collaborates with the alveolar flat elements. Figure 26 An elevation view of the joist. Figure 27 An elevation view in section showing the positioning of the alveolar elements and joists. Figure 28 A perspective view, showing how the roof block is placed on the self-assembling blocks. Figure 29 Shows the support template in the three perspective views, - top and - elevation.

Figure 30 A perspective view of a block with a rectangular hole and three projections.

Figure 31 A perspective view of a block with a quadratic hole and two highlights. Figures 32 and 33 Perspective views that more particularly illustrate the assembly and positioning of the floor support templates. Figure 34 A perspective view, with partial cuts, showing an embodiment according to the proposed improvements.

Detailed description of the invention

Set of construction devices for buildings without mortar with improvements introduced.

The support templates 1 (figure 29) are placed on the floor, placed juxtaposed in a straight line and according to various angular orientations at right angles mainly, to constitute a closed peripheral belt. These template elements 1 are made and arranged to, on the one hand, make the foundation of the building, and on the other, allow the assembly and arrangement of the different self-assembling blocks.

Therefore, these support templates 1 have a U-shaped cross-section in their intermediate part, two rectilinear vertical wings 1.1 and 1.2 that extend parallel to the external U-profile wings 1.3 thus delimiting three internal channels 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.

The different template elements are arranged in the excavations (figure 34) or directly on the ground (figure 33) depending on the state of the terrain and nature of the construction. On the internal wings are mounted arranged and centered, the various blocks of self-assembling profile. The width of the building blocks is equal to the external separation of wings 1.1 and 1.2. The longitudinal edges of the wings 1.1 and 1.2 may have provisions 1.7 and 1.8 such as grooves capable of collaborating with two complementary positions formed in the base and in combination with the edges of the building blocks. The main types of blocks are shown in particular and separately, in Figures 1 to 5 and 7 to 20.

As is known, each building block, in clay concrete or any other material, has a hollow parallelepipedic shape. Among these different blocks, it is important to distinguish:

The base blocks or modules 2 divided internally by an internal transverse wall 2.1 that delimit the two open internal cavities 2.2 and of the same dimensions. The base modules are of two types essentially depending on whether they should be assembled in a straight line or at a 90 ° angle. In at least one of the transverse faces, the blocks 2 have complementary arrangements of male-female 2.3-2.4 allowing the self-assembly of said blocks by overlapping (figure 32). In the second case, for the angle blocks, at least one of the transverse faces of the block 2 also has provisions 2.3 and / or 2.4 such that one of the lateral faces of said blocks, present vertically on the middle axis of one of the internal concavities 2.2, a complementary hollow and / or embossed footprint 2.5 (figure 7) corresponding to the male / female parts 2.3-2.4 (figure 1). To the upper face of the blocks are placed, just to the inner transverse wall 2.1 and just to one of the outer transverse walls 2.6, some projections 14 that interweave with the lower face of the blocks with arrangements corresponding to projections 14, whereby a better vertical link is thus generated.

The blocks 3 that are hollow and equal to a half base module (2). The same as in blocks 2, the cross faces of blocks 3 have complementary male and / or female footprints 3.1 and 3.2 capable of collaborating by interlocking with fingerprints 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 (figures 1 and 7) and also carry the projections 14 on the upper face and on the lower face the complementary holes for vertical entanglement.

In the case that two complementary female-female are found, blocks 2 and / or 3 can be connected by means of the connection piece 13 (figure 6), introducing in both female slots 2.4, 3.2 and / or 2.5.

The blocks 4, of cross section in U and destined to be arranged peripherally at ground level, ceiling or ceiling, placed superior to the blocks 2 and 3. The transverse ends of the block 4 are not closed but totally open, presenting a continuity , after the juxtaposition of said blocks, which have complementary guides 14.1 on their underside.

Blocks 5, with the same properties of blocks 4, but of cross section in L.

The blocks 6 are like the blocks 2 but with only one long hole and they have only three projections 14 for their upper face and the complementary holes for their lower face, as can be seen in Ia (figure 30).

Blocks 7 are blocks like blocks 6 but block 7 is shorter in length and has only two projections 14 (Figure 31).

The different blocks 2 to 7 allow the verticality of the walls and partitions according to multiple angular orientations (figure 32). No joining means is necessary to ensure assembly both horizontally and vertically.

The realization of slabs on the floor, ceiling and ceiling, is effected by means of joists 9 and flat elements 8 in combination with the building blocks.

As figures 25 and 26 mainly show, joists 9 have an inverted "T" transverse profile and can be internally armed by longitudinal irons 9.3. These joists, mainly in the case of the construction of a floor at the level of the ceiling, collaborate with the blocks 4. In this way one of the two lateral faces of certain blocks 4 have a cut that allows the union and the passage of the joist 9 where the horizontal wing 9.1 rests at the bottom of said blocks 4.

As regards the smooth elements 8, the latter are presented in the form of hollow bodies, manufactured directly in this way, to constitute a first row of alveoli 8.1 and a second row of alveoli 8.2. The separation walls 8.3 and 8.4 of each of the rows are regularly and alternatively declined with respect to each other. The longitudinal edges of the end 8.5 and the upper row of the cells 8.1 are inclined, which confers a trapezoidal section. The longitudinal edges of the ends 8.6 of the lower row of cells 8.2, with straight lines and are offset in delay with respect to the edges 8.1, the partitions 8.7 are substantially arranged in the middle of the cells 8.1. By way of indication, the alveoli 8.1 are four, unlike the alveoli 8.2 which are three. The bottom 8.8 of the lower row of alveoli 8.2 protrudes symmetrically from each of the longitudinal edges 8.6 with the bottom 8.9 of the upper row of alveoli 8.1 being delayed (Figure 24). In an important way, the lateral edges 8.6 and the separating partitions 8.7, of the lower row of cells have each, starting from at least one of its vertical faces, a notched groove 8.10 that allows the passage of electric wires or various sheaths (figure 24). These notches 8.10 are practiced close to the bottom 8.8.

As indicated in the description, the lateral edges of the bottom 8.8 of the upper row of alveoli, rest on the corresponding wings of the two joists 9. The height of the upper part 8.1 of the elements 8 is less than the height of the wing vertical 9.2 of the joists 9 thus reserving, after the relative positioning of the elements 8, a free space to allow for example the introduction of any garrison material.

As Ia (Figure 34) shows, the tiles 12 can advantageously be fixed on the slats 10 of the joists 9 by covering the honeycomb elements 8 with any material. The construction procedure according to the invention should now be analyzed.

The support templates 1 are provided on the ground or in excavations, constituting the base perimeter of the desired construction. It is introduced between wings 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, in channels 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 reinforced iron concrete that constitutes the reinforcement.

The different building blocks are arranged manually in combination with the arrangements presented by the edges of the central wings 1.1 and 1.2. Base modules 2 (first and second type) are used for this purpose. The assembly is carried out in successive rows by interlocking the different blocks based on an assembly. The rows of blocks are superimposed in an alternative manner, the base module means 2 and 3 are placed at the main angles, decorated alternately. The assembly of the windows F and the doors P can be done at the same time as the building, the sleepers have complementary provisions to the corresponding ones of the blocks.

When the moment of the floor is reached, with a peripheral belt of blocks 2 and 3, a row of blocks 4 and / or 5 are arranged on the latter, which overlap with the shoulders 14 between their complementary guides 14.1.

Concrete is introduced into the vertical coincidence cavities of the angled blocks, to form the stiffness pillars. In addition, the bars can be introduced into the concrete (figure 33). Concrete is introduced between the wings of the blocks 1 thus constituting a peripheral belt of rigidity. Proceed in the same way to the next level and so on to the roof.

It is noteworthy that slabs at ground level and floors and ceilings at different levels, can be mounted after lifting the walls. In this regard, the joists 9 are arranged, at regulatory intervals corresponding to the width of the cellular elements 8, in the recesses that have blocks for this purpose. At ground level, joists can rest on the wings of the support templates. Once the joists 9 are placed, the honeycomb elements 8 are arranged. It is now poured between the vertical wings 9.2 and the joists 9 on the honeycomb elements 8, any packing material.

For the realization of the roof two slats 10 are arranged in the corresponding notches 9.3 to the joists 9 for the fixing of the roofs 12, in combination with the interlocking pieces 11 that form a tunnel for the eventual passage of pods and others.

The main advantages are:

The totality of the blocks involved in the realization of walls and partitions is self-assembling by inbrication without any mortar or joining means, with the exception, as indicated above, of the peripheral belts at the level of the floors and of the different angle pillars. The same goes for the alveolar elements mounted in combination with the joists. It is a simplification of the assembly that can be done by anyone without particular rating, so it is also very economical.

The static advantage is that the constructions with these blocks still achieve a ductility and a nexus greater than the antecedent P546986 due to said projections 14 on the upper face and the complementary guides 14.1 on the lower face. Thus it is especially suitable for use in seismic areas.

The set of building block devices, without mortar, is susceptible to manufacturing in the building construction sector or the like.

Claims

CLAIMS Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced characterized in that, having the purpose of achieving good ductility characteristics, they are essentially characterized by the arrangement on the ground of support templates 1 that constitute the periphery of the base of the building; covered by reinforced concrete, above the walls and partitions of different types of blocks 2 to 7 of non-flexible self-assembling profiles are raised, the realization of the channels at ground level, ceilings and ceilings by means of profiles 8 support the joists 9, collaborating with the corresponding part of the blocks that constitute the continuous peripheral waist, introducing reinforced concrete into the blocks of the vertical communication angle as well as those located in the periphery of the roof floor, are arranged in combination with the joists 9 , receive the constituent elements 8 of the roof, of the tiles 12. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction is essentially composed of the combination: of the ground support templates 1 that have at least two moldings on vertical wings 1.1 and 1.

2 between which reinforced concrete is introduced.

Of blocks with self-assembling parallelepipedic profiles of different types 2, 3, 6 and 7 Of blocks 4 formed in section of a U to allow the introduction of the concrete without discontinuity. Of blocks 5 formed in section of an L. Of connecting piece 13 to join two female grooves. - Of support beams 9 with an inverted T-shaped profile capable of collaborating with the corresponding part of blocks, specifically of blocks 4 and 5. Of flat cellular elements 8 that collaborate in the supports with the wings of the joists 9 for not withstand floors, ceilings and ceilings.

Of tiles 12 shaped to be fixed on slats 10 positioned in combination with joists 9.

3. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the external separation of wings 1.1 and 1.2 is equal to the length of the blocks; the longitudinal edges of said wings, have provisions 1.7 and 1.8 that can collaborate with complementary provisions formed by the combination with the edges of the blocks.

Four . Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that within blocks 2 and 6 they present vertically on one of at least the two transverse faces complementary male-female arrangements for assembly, by imbrication, at 180- and / or on a part of its side face complementary male-female arrangements, to allow the union of the block at 90-, said blocks 2 internally delimit at least two open internal cavities; blocks 3 or 7 are hollow and equal to a half block of base 2 or 6.

5. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the blocks 2 have on their upper face two projections 14 placed just to the inner transverse wall and two projections 14 placed just to the outer transverse wall, for their lower face they have complementary holes to the projections.

6. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the blocks 3 have on their upper face two projections 14 placed just to the outer transverse wall and by Its lower face has hollows complementary to the two projections.

7. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that blocks 4 and 5 are of cross-section in "U" and "L" shaped to be positioned peripherally at the level of the channels, in superposition of blocks 2, 3, 6 and 7, blocks 4 are rectilinear of profile "U" and blocks 5 are rectilinear of profile "L", both blocks 4 and 5 carry on their face lower the corresponding guides 14.1 to overlap with the projections 14. 8. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of the claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the plain elements 8 have two superimposed rows of cells 8.1 and 8.2, the partition walls 8.4 and 8.6 of each of the rows are regularly and alternately discarded from each other; the longitudinal edges of the end 8.1 are inclined while the longitudinal edges of the end 8.3 of the upper row 8.2 are straight and offset, retracted by the edges 8.5; The partitions 8.7 are arranged substantially in the middle of the cells 8.1, the lower part 8.

8 of the lower row of the alveoli 8.2 symmetrically borders each of the longitudinal sides 8.3 being all retracted from the bottom 8.9 of the upper row of the alveoli 8.1

9. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the lateral edges of the end 8.3 and the separating partitions 8.7 of the lower row of the alveoli, has each one at least on one of the vertical faces a square notch 8.10 for the passage of mainly filiform elements.

10. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the lateral edges of the lower face 8.9 are arranged to rest on the corresponding wings 9.1 of two joists of one same row; The height of the upper part 8.1 of the elements 8 is less than the height of the vertical wings 9.2 of the joists 9 thus reserving a free space for the introduction of a trimmer material. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the joists 9 intended to be located at the roof level, have a regular interval, from the upper face of vertical wing 9.2, notches

9.3 for joining the slats 10 in order to fix the tiles. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and 1, characterized in that - An arrangement in the ground or excavation of the support templates 1 that constitute the perimeter of the base of the desired construction, a union between the wings of the iron reinforced concrete insoles, constitutes the armor. A manual position of different blocks in combination with the arrangements presented by the edges of the central faces

1.1 and 1.2 of the templates; this effect of the base modules 2 is used, the assembly will be carried out in successive rows by interweaving of the different blocks are arranged alternately, the base half-modules 3 are mainly placed at the alternately offset angles.

To mount windows and doors according to the building, the sleepers have two complementary hooks for these blocks. At ground level, the peripheral waist of blocks 2 and 3 are arranged on the mortar, in rows of blocks 4 and 5 of cross-section in "U" and "L". Cement is introduced into the coincident cavities of the angled block, forming the stiffness pillars; concrete is introduced between the wings of the blocks 4 constituting the peripheral belt of rigidity. We proceed now in the same way at the next level and so on.

The joists are positioned at regular intervals corresponding to the length of said alveolar elements 8 in the gaps that have certain blocks for this purpose. Once the joists 9 are placed the honeycomb elements 8.

Now, any joining material is inserted between the vertical wings 9.1 of the joists 9, on the honeycomb elements 8. for the realization of the roof, the slats 10 are arranged in the notches corresponding to the joists for fixing the tiles 12.