FR2501262A1 - Hollow block for dry joint building construction - has connecting peg locking adjacent blocks to vertically adjacent courses - Google Patents

Abstract

The building block (1) has a parallelepiped shape and is used with other to form the superimposed layers with spaced joints of a wall. The top and bottom faces of the block has longitudinal profiles in hollow or relief (12-24) which, by cooperation with the complimentary profile of an adjacent block above or below, retails the blocks transversely with respect to each other. The end faces of the block (3,4) have vertical grooves (6) that form slides for the locking pegs that are longer than the height of the block so that they penetrate an opening (21) in the block below.

Description

 The present invention relates to a hollow building element, of generally parallelepiped shape, intended to be dry assembled with other elements to constitute the bunk beds, with offset joints, of a wall or similar work, and comprising edges respectively upper and lower, in each of which a profile is formed longitudinally, with recess and / or relief which, by cooperation with the complementary profile of an overlying or underlying element, retains the two elements transversely one with respect to to the other.

 Such a construction element is known in particular from the Swedish patent No. 352.914 (FERNAEUS). The element described in this document, the internal hollow volumes of which are delimited by transverse partitions, is retained neither longitudinally with respect to the adjacent elements of the same bed nor vertically with respect to the adjacent elements of the immediately underlying beds and overlying, so that the safety and precision of the assembly leaves something to be desired.

 The object of the invention is to propose a construction element which is free from the drawbacks mentioned, while making it possible to produce a masonry structure whose thermal and sound insulation characteristics are improved compared to known structures with joints without mortar. .

 For this purpose the element according to the invention, of the kind mentioned at the beginning, is characterized in that it comprises a vertical partition oriented longitudinally, extending over at least a fraction of the length of the element and over its entire height, and in that in at least one of the vertical end faces of the element is formed a vertical groove of dovetail profile forming a slide, intended to receive a profile key with double dovetail complementary, which can also be threaded in the vertical groove in dovetail adjacent to another element juxtaposed end to end with the first element, the length of the key being greater than the height of the element 1 so that it can penetrate a dovetail groove of an underlying element.

 This arrangement allows in the assembly to positively secure any element with at least one adjacent element of the same bed and with at least one adjacent element of an underlying bed, so that a masonry having good rigidity in which the elements are positioned with respect to each other with precision, thanks to the vertical connections by keying. In addition, the presence in each element of a vertical longitudinal partition extending over the entire height of the element and delimiting vertical cavities which open onto the two edges, gives rise in the assembly to a continuous vertical intermediate wall, which provides quality thermal and phonic insulation, particularly appreciable when it comes to building a wall for a residential building.

 The element, which is in molded form, for example made of concrete or expanded clay, can have a variable configuration depending on the constructive particularities of the structure to be executed and its place in the assembly, while being able to be put in place. works like a brick or concrete block. The invention therefore provides for several types of element.

 It is rational that the basic type is an element whose length L is equal to twice the width and which comprises a median transverse partition in which is formed a blind hole of section in double dovetail, opening into the upper edge, so that a key engaged in two adjacent vertical grooves of elements juxtaposed end to end can penetrate the blind hole of an underlying element, offset longitudinally symmetrically with respect to the joint separating the upper elements juxtaposed . It follows from this arrangement that in a wall produced by means of elements according to the invention, most of the elements are of the basic type and are each secured directly with six elements which surround it, namely the two elements. adjacent to the same bed, two adjacent elements of the underlying bed, and two adjacent elements of the overlying bed.

 At the ends of a wall which must form a smooth end face, as is also the case along the uprights of a passage intended to remain free or to be fitted with a door or window, it is necessary to catch up with the level of a bed of elements on two the offset of the joints. This can be done either by elements whose length is equal to L / 2 and which do not have a median transverse partition, or by corner elements which being oriented at 900 relative to the wall are part of a second wall and have for this purpose, in their corresponding lateral face, a vertical dovetail groove, for their assembly with the adjacent element disposed at 900, by means of a double dovetail key.

 In each of the corner elements, of length L, which in a building are superimposed with alternating orientations to form salient or reentrant angles, it is advantageous that the longitudinal partition extends only over the half length of the element - ment, that is to say between one of the end walls and the median transverse partition provided with a blind hole, and that this latter partition delimits with the other end wall a prismatic cavity of square section, around which the two edges of the element are smooth, and which can be placed in vertical coincidence with the prismatic cavities of underlying and overlying elements to constitute a continuous hollow column in which a concrete or reinforced concrete pillar can be poured.

 Such a column, which in a building has the function of increasing the resistance to wind and, if necessary, to earthquakes of the construction, can also be provided in well chosen locations of a rectilinear wall, by means of the use of elements having the same overall configuration as that which has just been defined for the corner elements. Likewise, where a cross wall, or a partition wall, of a building must be built, it is possible to provide on a lateral face of basic elements superimposed on a contour wall, a groove at the end of the wall. dovetail allowing assembly with the adjacent elements of the cross wall.

Just as some elements can have a length equal to L / 2, so some others can extend over a length greater than L, but multiple of L, to constitute lintels, in which case are pre
2 views of the transverse partitions with blind hole whose spacing corresponds to that of the joints of the element bed superimposed on the lintel. The lower edge of the lintel element is normally smooth over the entire discovered length, a hollow and / or raised profile being provided only at the ends, to allow embedding with the elements of the wall in which the lintel must to be anchored.

 To improve the thermal insulation of a building constructed using elements according to the invention, it is advantageous that between the longitudinal partition of a base element and its face delimiting the interior volume of the building, the transverse partition s 'extends over only a fraction of the height of the element, which allows, beneficial, air circulation both vertically and horizontally. It is also possible to flow into the system of communicating cavities thus created a sealing material such as a foam plastic.

 For the execution of a ceiling slab, possibly forming a terrace, in a building whose walls and, if necessary, dividing partitions are made by means of construction elements according to the invention, it is planned to '' use a prefabricated chaining element having a U-section open upwards, defined by two parallel vertical wings, the bottom of which has on its underside a hollow and / or raised profile complementary to the profile of the upper edge of the construction element which has been described previously.

It is thus possible to place on the made up constituted by the extreme upper bed of elements of all or part of the walls of the building of the chaining elements forming, in plan, a continuous path, in which concrete can be poured, after setting reinforcement square. This avoids the use of usual formwork. The main chaining elements are defined in plan by rectilinear segments, but it is obviously necessary to provide corner elements of L-shape, as well as, if necessary, crossing elements of T shape. These L or T elements preferably have, at their bottom, a recess of square section coinciding with the hollow column of two adjacent walls, or of two parts of the wall.

 This allows to realize in a single concrete pour, after the installation of appropriate reinforcements, both the corner pillars, the intermediate pillars, possibly provided, and the chaining crowning the walls, and also the ceiling tile itself even, thanks to a complementary characteristic of the invention according to which, prefabricated beams being used, in a conventional manner, jointly with interjoists, to support the slab, at the ridge of the walls which must receive in support the bridges, the inner wing of each element ae chaining comprises, in the upper part and at at least one of the ends, a notch in which can be embedded the sole of a beam, which itself receives in support one of the edges of the interjoists. Along the chaining of the walls which are perpendicular to those which support the beams, the corresponding bank of the interjoists can directly rest on the inner wing of the chaining elements.

 It emerges from the foregoing description that the invention brings a solution to the problem of the execution of masonry without mortar joint which allows an individual to build the walls and the roof infrastructure with his hands and dry. -terrace of a house with no other qualification than that which makes it suitable for reading an assembly program of the rest very simple. To carry out the structural work, a specialized company only has to intervene, with appropriate equipment, for the preparation of the foundation and for the making of reinforced concrete of the pillars and the cover slab.

The invention will be explained in a purely indicative manner during the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawing, in which
- fig. 1 is a perspective view from above of a building element according to the invention;
- fig. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the same element;
- fig. 3 is a view in vertical section, on the line 3-3, of FIG. 1;
- fig. 4 is a perspective view of a double dovetail key for assembling elements such as that of FIG. 1;
- fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified base element, constituting a corner element;
- fig. 6 is a perspective view of an outline chaining element, of straight shape, without acroterion ;;
- fig. 7 is a perspective view of an angle chaining element, L-shaped, with acroterion;
- fig. 8 is a perspective view of a chaining element for dividing or dividing walls;
- fig. 9 is a perspective view of two walls at right angles constructed, dry, using elements according to the invention;
- fig. 10 is a perspective view of part of a building according to the invention;
- fig. it is a view in vertical section, through a plane parallel to a contour wall, of the upper roof-terrace forming part of a building according to the invention.

The hollow building element A of FIGS. 1 and 2 is a basic element, of generally parallelepiped shape of length L, of width 1 equal to L / 2, and of height h, also equal for example also to L / 2. The internal lateral 1 and external 2 faces are smooth, but in each of the terminal faces 3 and 4 of the element is formed a vertical groove 6, of dovetail section, into which can be inserted, in the manner of a drawer in a slide, an assembly key
C (fig. 4), of profile with double dovetail 7, the height of which, clearly greater than h, is preferably equal to 3h / 2.

 A central partition, 8, vertical and longitudinal, extending over the entire height of the element A, connects to one another the walls 13, 14 delimited by the end faces 3, 4, and a median transverse partition 9 connects the walls 11, 12 delimited by the lateral faces 1, 2 to one another. The transverse partition 8 extends over the entire height of the element between the external wall 12 and the longitudinal partition, and only on the half-height of the element, from the top, between the longitudinal partition and the internal wall 11. Two independent cavities 16, 17, and two communicating cavities 18, 19 are thus formed inside the element AT.

In the transverse partition 9 is formed a blind hole 21, of cross section in double dovetail, which is intended to receive the lower end of a key
C inserted in two dovetail grooves 6 formed in the adjoining end faces 3, 4 of two elements
A superimposed on the first element and offset longitudinally by L / 2 with respect to it (fig. 9).

 Elements A juxtaposed and superimposed are thus retained longitudinally by the keys C. They are also retained transversely thanks to another characteristic of the invention according to which the upper edge 22 of element A comprises three longitudinal ribs 24, 26, 27, of trapezoidal profile, provided respectively in the internal wall 11, the longitudinal partition 8 and the external wall 12, to which correspond in the lower edge 23 three grooves 34, 36, 37 of complementary profile, also formed respectively in the internal wall il, the longitudinal partition 8 and the external wall 12.

 FIG. 5 represents an element B, which constitutes a basic element modified so as to be able to be used at the angle formed between them by two walls such as those of FIG. 9. In this element of angle B the longitudinal partition 8 , the ribs 24, 26, 27 and the grooves 34, 36, 37, extend only over the half-length of the element between the end wall 13 and the transverse partition 9, and this partition 9 extends over the entire height of the element, including between the internal wall 11 and the longitudinal partition 8. The upper 22 and lower 23 edges are therefore smooth between the transverse partition 9 and the end wall 4, which allows a flat application of element B between two other elements B, respectively underlying and overlying, both oriented at 900, as can be seen in FIG. 9. In addition, the transverse partition 9, the side walls 12, 13 and the end wall 14 delimit a prismatic cavity 38 of square section, which, at the corner of two walls , gives rise in the superimposed elements, to a hollow and continuous column 39.

 In the end face 4 of the corner element B the groove 6 is removed, but for the assembly of this element with a base element arranged at 900 integrated in the adjacent wall, a vertical groove in dovetail 41 is formed in one of the lateral faces, in the internal face 1 according to the example of FIG. 5, opposite the cavity 38.

 For the construction of a dividing or dividing wall connected to a contour wall, elements similar to element B in FIG. 5 can be used, so as to form directly above the connection line, located in an intermediate zone of a rectilinear wall, a hollow column, not shown, similar to column 39 (fig. 10). The only difference between such elements and element B consists in restoring a vertical dovetail groove 106 (fig. 5) in the terminal face 4 of the element for connection with a basic element at by means of a key C.

 To delimit the amount 42 of a passage such as that designated by 43 in FIG. 10, by making up for the offset of the joints between the elements A of the beds on this sides, elements D each constituting a half-element A, obviously devoid of transverse partition, must be used for every second bed. The continuous groove 44, formed in the upright 42 by the succession of grooves 6 occurring alternately in the elements D and in the elements A, allows lgancrage sealing tabs of a frame amount or window frame.

 As for the upper crosspiece of passage 43, it is constituted by an element E, forming a lintel, the length of which is a multiple of L, which comprises transverse partitions 9 whose 17 spacing is equal to L. On the uncovered length of the lintel the song lower is smooth but grooves 34, 36, 37 must be provided at each extrenamte over a length L / 2, to allow cooperation with the ribs of the underlying elements A. The outer wall 12 of the lintel E is extended by a canopy 45.

 For the crowning of the walls of the building in Figure 10, the irrigation provides chaining elements F such as those shown separately in Figures 6 to 8, to constitute over the entire outline of the building and, if applicable, on the walls of splitting or dividing, a continuous chaining of U-section open upwards, into which concrete can be poured after the installation of reinforcements 46 (fig. ll). In the bottom 47 of each chaining element are formed grooves 34, 36, 37 complementary to the ribs 24, 26, 27 of the upper edge of the elements A or B of the extreme upper bed.

 The rectilinear chaining element F1 (fig. 6,10 etll) comprises two unequal wings 48, 49, the external wing 49 being higher than the internal wing 48, which can have on its upper edge, at the one or at each of its ends, a notch 51 in which the sole 52 of a beam 53 can be fitted itself receiving in support one of the interjoist edges 54 used to form a ceiling or roof slab - terrace (fig. 10 and 11).

 The chaining element F2 is distinguished from the element F1 only by the presence, on the outer wing 49, of an acroterion 56. The element F3 is a corner element, L-shaped, whose l 'outer wing 49 is, in each branch, also provided with an acroterion 56. In the inner wing 48 of one of the branches is provided a notch 51 serving to support a beam 53, and, at the cross branches, a recess 57 of the bottom 47, of square section, can be placed vertically above a hollow column 39 in which the reinforcements 58 have been put in place.

 The corner chaining element F4 of FIG. 11 is devoid of acrotery. There are also T-shaped F5 chaining elements, the bottom of which has a square section recess put in wedge-effect with an intermediate hollow column, and which serve to connect the contour chaining with the chaining of a wall of slit, formed of elements F6 (fig. 8) with equal wings comprising, if necessary, notches 51 for the embedding of beam flanges.

 As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a single concrete pour makes it possible to execute both corner pillars 61 by filling the hollow columns 39, intermediate pillars, the chaining 62 crowning the walls and the cover slab 63 .

Claims (15)

- CLAIMS  1 - Hollow building element, of generally parallelepiped shape, intended to be assembled dry with other elements to constitute the bunk beds with staggered joints of a wall or similar work, and comprising edges respectively upper and lower, in each of which a profile is formed longitudinally, with recess and / or relief, which, by cooperation with the complementary profile of an overlying or underlying element, retains the two elements transversely with respect to each other, characterized in that that it comprises a vertical partition (8) oriented longitudinally, extending over at least a fraction of the length of the element and over its entire height, and in that in at least one of the vertical end faces (3 , 4) from the element is formed a vertical groove forming a slide, of dovetail profile (6), or other undercut profile, intended to receive a key (C) of profile with double tail complementary dovetail (7), which pe ut also be threaded into the adjacent dovetail groove of another element (A, B, D) juxtaposed end to end with the first element, the length of the key being greater than the height of the element, so that the key can penetrate a dovetail groove (21) of an underlying element.  2 - Element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one transverse partition (9) in which is formed a blind hole (21) of cross section in double dovetail, opening into the upper edge (22) , so that a key (C) engaged in two vertical grooves (6) adjacent elements juxtaposed end to end can penetrate the blind hole of an underlying element.  3 - Element according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that its length (L) is equal to twice its width (1), as known per se.  4 - Element according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the distance between the transverse partition (9) and each of the end faces (3, 4) is approximately equal to L / 2.  5 - Element according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent transverse partitions (9) is approximately equal to twice the width (1) of the element.  6 - Element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, between the longitudinal partition (8) and one of the side walls (11), the transverse partition (9) extends over only a fraction of the height (h) of the element.  7 - Element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one of the side faces (11) of the element has a vertical groove (41) in dovetail, for its assembly with an adjacent element arranged at 900, by means of a key (C) with double dovetail.  8 - Element according to one of claims 3,4,5 and 7, characterized in that the longitudinal partition (8) extends only over the half-length of the element, that is to say between the one of the end walls (13) and the median transverse partition (9) provided with a blind hole (21), so that the latter partition delimits with the other end wall (14) a prismatic cavity (38) of square section , around which the two edges (22, 23) of the element are smooth, and which can be brought into vertical coincidence with the prismatic cavities (38) of underlying and overlying elements to constitute a column continuous hollow (39) into which a concrete or reinforced concrete pillar (61) can be poured,  9 - Element according to one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, 7, characterized in that its upper edge (22> has three longitudinal ribs (24, 26, 27) extending over the entire length of the partition longitudinal 53) and over at least a fraction of the length of the side walls respectively, its lower edge (23) itself comprising three longitudinal grooves (34, 36, 37) extending over the entire length of the longitudinal partition and over at least a fraction of the length of the side walls, respectively  10 - Element according to claim 9, characterized in that the ribs (24, 26, 27) and the grooves (34, 36, 37) longitudinal have a trapezoidal profile.  il - Element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the element is made of concrete, expanded clay, OR another other material capable of being molded  12 building whose walls are erected by means of construction elements according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on the made of all or part of the walls chaining is carried out by means of chaining elements ( F) having a U-shaped section open upwards defined by two parallel vertical wings (48, 49), the bottom (47) of which has on its lower face a hollow and / or raised profile complementary to the edge profile upper (22) of the construction elements of the wall, these chaining elements being assembled by their lower edge with the upper upper bed of construction elements and arranged contiguously by their end faces  13 - Building according to claim 12, characterized in that the chaining elements have in plan a rectilinear shape, in L, or in T.  14 - Building according to claim 13, characterized in that the elements in L and T have in their bottom a recess (57) of square section coinciding with the hollow column (39) of two adjacent walls, or two parts of wall .  15 - Building according to one of claims 12 to 14, in which prefabricated beams (53) are used together with interjoists (54) to support a ceiling tile, characterized in that, made of the walls which must receive in support the beams (53), the inner wing (48) of each chaining element (F) comprises, in the upper part and at at least one of the ends, a notch (51) in which the sole can be fitted (52) of a beam, which itself receives one of the edges of the interjoists (54).  16 - Building according to claim 14, characterized in that the chaining is completed, possibly after the installation of reinforcements (46), by concrete poured into the channels formed by the assembly of the chaining elements, which also fills the hollow columns (39) formed in the walls and provided with frames (58).  17 - Building according to claims 15 and 16, characterized in that the concrete layer (63) of the ceiling slab which covers the interjoists (54) by coating the beams (53) and the corresponding reinforcements is in one piece with the concrete of the chaining.