ES2291066A1 - Joint elements for building construction, have auto-assemble set of building blocks through lateral faces, where faces above or below submit complementary shape to allow positioning juxtaposition of blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The joint elements have an auto-assemble set of building blocks through the lateral faces. The faces above or below submit a complementary shape to allow positioning juxtaposition of the blocks. A group of support is provided on the floor with two ribs or vertical wings, which introduce the concrete. The joint elements have blocks, parallelepiped profiles with projections in upper face and hollow in inferior face. Another blocks with U-shape and L-shape sections are provided, which allow the introduction concrete.

Description

Building elements set buildings

Technical sector

The present invention is applicable in the building construction sector, and particularly ideal for constructions of one or few heights.

The building construction sector already exists for a long time and going through construction times there were always some news, other ways to build a house or building due to the architecture and materials that they existed. So you can build a house in the traditional style with blocks and mortar, a house consisting of almost only glass, wood, clay etc., or you could also build houses with Prefabricated parts very quickly.

All these methods have their own advantages. and inconveniences, but one drawback have all these methods in common, many special tools and qualifications are needed specific to build a building or similar.

With this patent, the building of walls, partitions etc., because the blocks are put in juxtaposition thus building a straight row and then a row over the other, getting the nexus of the blocks, by the overlapping of the corresponding parts without other means of Union. Building constructions have to meet certain static conditions, especially the constructions found in seismic terrain they must have good ductility conditions to have a greater resistance against earthquakes.

This resistance is obtained with these blocks improved in a completely adequate way.

Background

- FR2432588 demonstrates building blocks that find a particularly advantageous application although not limited in seismic areas due to its lack of ductility.

- P546986 of the inventor Lorenzo Fernández Navarro that is already dead, demonstrates the same devices with the difference that some parts are no longer needed, and the main drawback is that the highlights for the vertical nexus they did not exist, so the static properties of these buildings were not adequate to build buildings in the seismic zones as they had said in this patent, their heir apply now for this patent that solves the problem above aforementioned.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention consists of a set of building construction devices or similar in which general structures such as walls, roofs, floors are built, ceilings, etc. It is especially appropriate for construction in seismic areas.

Certain faces of the blocks present complementary provisions that present the adjacent blocks. These arrangements allow self-assembling the blocks in rectilinear and / or angular alignments, thus suppressing a means of any union. The upper and / or lower faces can also present the complementary means formed to allow juxtaposition of the blocks. The blocks have certain male and female guides on their sides and extremes, so the corresponding guides overlap very easily, a guide on the upper face of the blocks are the highlights, as well the upper faces of the blocks also overlap with the faces lower, interlacing between the protrusions and the corresponding provisions on the underside of the blocks, thus increasing the vertical nexus.

The improvements in construction as defined in the claims, allow the realization of a building of any height, for all people without qualification specific, or special tools. The building blocks are they have on the support templates that constitute the belt peripheral of the base of the building, which garnish these templates with reinforced concrete, lifting walls and partitions of different blocks with self-assembling profiles, without any means of connection, putting the slabs on the floor, ceilings, and all profiles constituted by half element supported on the joists that collaborate with the corresponding part of the blocks that they constitute a continuous peripheral belt, concrete is introduced armed in the angle blocks that are in communication vertical, as well as in the rows of blocks located peripherally at the level of floors and ceilings; have, in combination with the joists that support the elements that they constitute the roof and the tiles.

The improvements consist of the combination essential:

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From floor support templates that have at least two ribs or vertical wings, between which the reinforced concrete.

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From blocks, parallelepiped profiles of different types, with Highlights on the upper face and corresponding holes on the face bottom for the best vertical nexus and for the horizontal nexus complementary provisions are made male-female, at least one of the walls block exteriors.

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From blocks with sections like "U" and "L" such that allow the  Introduction of concrete without any discontinuity.

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From connection pieces between two female arrangements.

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From from support in inverted T-shaped profile and capable of collaborating with the corresponding part of the blocks.

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From alveolar flat elements that collaborate in the support with the wings of joists, acting as slabs on the ground, ceiling and roof.

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From tiles properly shaped to be placed on the joists

Brief description of the drawings

In order to make clearer the explanation that will follow, two descriptive reports are attached sheets of drawings in which six figures represent the essence of the present invention, and in which the next:

Figures 1 to 5 are perspective views with their corresponding top views of the blocks self-assembling

Figure 6 A perspective view of a connection element to connect two female arrangements.

Figures 7 to 14 show perspective views with their corresponding top views of the different possibilities of realization of the self-assembling blocks with two holes.

Figures 15-20 show perspective views with their corresponding top views of the different possibilities of realization of the self-assembling blocks with Just a hole

Figure 21 A perspective view of a block With two edges.

Figure 22 A perspective view of a block With an edge.

Figure 23 A side view corresponding to Figure 24

Figure 24 A perspective view of a flat alveolar element intended to constitute the ground, ceiling and roof.

Figure 25 An elevation view of a joist.

Figure 26 A perspective view of the joist of figure 25 that mainly collaborates with elements alveolar planes.

Figure 27 A sectional elevation view that shows the positioning of the alveolar elements and the joists

Figure 28 A perspective view, showing how the roof block is placed on the blocks self-assembling

Figures 29a, 29b and 29c show respectively, plan, perspective and elevation views of a support template.

Figure 30 A perspective view of a block with a rectangular hole and three highlights.

Figure 31 A perspective view of a block with a square hole and two highlights.

Figures 32 and 33 Perspective views that more particularly illustrate the assembly and positioning of floor support templates.

Figure 34 A perspective view, with cuts partial, showing an embodiment according to the improvements proposals.

Detailed description of the invention

Construction devices set buildings without mortar with improvements introduced.

Support templates are arranged on the floor 1 (Figures 29a, 29b and 29c), placed juxtaposed in a straight line and according to various angular orientations at right angles mainly, to constitute a closed peripheral belt. These template elements 1 are made and arranged for, by on the one hand, building the foundation, and on the other, they allow assembly and arrangement of the different blocks self-assembling

This is why these support templates 1 have a U-section in its middle part, two wings rectilinear verticals 1.1 and 1.2 that extend parallel to the outer wings 1.3 of U-profile thus delimiting three channels Internal 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.

The different template elements are arranged in the excavations (figure 34) or directly on the ground (figure 33) depending on the state of the terrain and nature of the building. On the internal wings are mounted arranged and centered, the various blocks of self-assembling profile. The width of the building blocks is equal to the separation external wings 1.1 and 1.2.

The longitudinal edges of wings 1.1 and 1.2 may present different provisions 1.7 and 1.8 such as slots capable of cooperating with two complementary positions formed at the base and in combination with the edges of the blocks of construction. The main types of blocks are shown in Particularly and separately, in Figures 1 to 5 and 7 to 20.

As is known, each building block, in clay concrete or any other material, has a shape hollow parallelepipedic. Between these different blocks, it is convenient distinguish:

The blocks or base modules 2 divided internally by an inner transverse wall 2.1 that delimit the two internal open cavities 2.2 and of the same dimensions. The base modules are of two types essentially depending on whether they should be assembled in a straight line or at an angle of 90 ° In at least one of the transverse faces blocks 2 present complementary provisions male-female 2.3-2.4 allowing the self-assembly of said blocks by overlapping (figure 32). In the second case, for the angle blocks, at less one of the cross faces of block 2 also has provisions 2.3 and / or 2.4 such that one of the side faces of said blocks, present vertically on the central axis of a of internal concavities 2.2, a complementary hollow footprint and / or embossed 2.5 (figure 7) corresponding to the parts males / females 2.3-2.4 (figure 1). In the face upper blocks are arranged, in the transverse wall inside 2.1 and on one of the outer transverse walls 2.6, overhangs 14 that overlap with the underside of the blocks with some complementary provisions to said highlights 14, so which thus generates a better vertical link.

Blocks 3 are hollow and equal to a medium base module (2). The same as in blocks 2, the faces cross sections of blocks 3 have complementary footprints male-female 3.1 and 3.2 likely to be assembled by overlapping with fingerprints 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5 (figures 1 and 7) and they also carry the highlights 14 on their upper face, and on their face bottom complementary gaps for overlapping vertical.

In the case that two complementary pieces female-female meet, you can connect the blocks 2 and / or 3 by connection piece 13 (figure 6), introducing in both female slots 2.4, 3.2 and / or 2.5.

Blocks 4, cross section in "U" are intended to be placed peripherally at the level of the floor, ceiling or upper roof arranged on the blocks 2 and 3. The transverse ends of block 4 are not closed but fully open, presenting continuity after juxtaposition assembly of said blocks, which also have its lower face complementary guides 14.1.

Blocks 5 have the same characteristics than blocks 4 but with cross section in L.

Blocks 6 are like blocks 2 but with only one long hole, and they have only three projections 14 on their face upper as well as complementary holes in its lower face, such as It can be seen in (Figure 30).

Blocks 7 are like blocks 6 but the block 7 has a shorter length and has only two projections 14 (figure 31).

The different blocks 2 to 7 allow the verticality of walls and partitions according to orientations multiple angles (figure 32). No means of union to ensure assembly both horizontally and in the vertical

The realization of slabs on the floor, ceiling and roof, is made by joists 9 and flat elements 8 in combination with the 5 building blocks.

As mainly shown in figures 25 and 26, joists 9 have a "T" transverse profile inverted and can be armed internally by rods Longitudinal 9.3. These joists are assembled in cooperation with the blocks 4. In this way one of the two lateral faces of some blocks 4 have a cut that allows the union and the passage of joist 9 where its horizontal wing 9.1 rests at the bottom of said blocks 4.

As regards the smooth elements 8, the latter are presented in the form of hollow bodies, manufactured directly in this way, to constitute a first row of Alveoli 8.1 and a second row of alveoli 8.2. The partitions of 8.3 and 8.4 separation of each of the rows are regularly and  alternatively arranged with respect to each other. The longitudinal edges of the end 8.5 of the upper row of the Alveoli 8.1 are inclined, which confers a section trapecial The longitudinal edges of the ends 8.6 of the lower row of alveoli 8.2, with straight and are arranged in delay with respect to edges 8.1, partitions 8.7 are substantially arranged in the middle of the alveoli 8.1. By way indicative, the alveoli 8.1 are four, unlike the alveoli 8.2 which are three. The bottom 8.8 of the bottom row of alveoli 8.2 protrudes symmetrically from each edge Longitudinal 8.6 with the bottom 8.9 of the row being delayed  upper socket 8.1 (figure 24). Importantly, the side edges 8.6 and partition walls 8.7, of the row lower alveoli present each in at least one of its faces vertical a notch 8.10 that allows the passage of electric wires or various pods (figure 24). These notches 8.10 are practiced near the bottom 8.8.

As indicated in the description, the edges lateral sides 8.9 of the upper row of alveoli, are they rest on the corresponding wings of the two joists 9. The height of the top 8.1 of the elements 8 is less than the height of vertical wing 9.2 of joists 9 thus reserving, after the relative positioning of the elements 8, a space free to allow for example the introduction of any lining material.

As shown in (figure 34), tiles 12 can advantageously be fixed on the slats 10 of the joists 9 covering the honeycomb elements 8 with a material anyone.

We should now analyze the procedure of construction according to the invention.

They are arranged on the ground or on an excavation the support templates 1 constituting the base perimeter of the desired construction It is introduced between wings 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, in channels 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 reinforced iron concrete that It constitutes the armor.

The different blocks are manually arranged of construction in combination with the provisions presented the edges of the central wings 1.1 and 1.2. Are used to this effect the base 2 modules (first and second type). He assembly is carried out in successive rows by overlapping of the different blocks based on an assembly. The rows of blocks they are superimposed in an alternative way, the media modules of base 2 and 3 are placed at the main angles, arranged alternatively. The assembly of windows F and doors P It can be done at the same time as the building, the sleepers present complementary provisions to the corresponding provisions of the blocks.

When the realization of the soil is reached, with a peripheral belt of blocks 2 and 3 is arranged on this last a row of blocks 4 and / or 5 that overlap with the projections 14 among its complementary guides 14.1.

Concrete is introduced into the cavities of vertical coincidence of the angled blocks, to form the stiffness pillars You can also enter the bars in the concrete (figure 33). Concrete is introduced between the wings of the blocks 1 thus constituting a peripheral belt of rigidity.

Proceed in the same way until the next level and so on to the roof.

It is noteworthy that the floor level slabs and floors and ceilings at different levels, can be mounted After lifting the walls. In this regard, the joists 9 at regular intervals corresponding to the width of the alveolar elements 8, in the recesses that present this effect the blocks. At ground level, joists can be support on the wings of the support templates. Once placed the joists 9, the alveolar elements are arranged 8. It is poured now between the vertical wings 9.2 and the joists 9 on the honeycomb elements 8, any fitting material.

For the realization of the roof two are arranged slats 10 in the corresponding notches 9.3 to joists 9 for fixing tiles 12, in combination with the pieces of entanglement 11 that form a tunnel for the eventual passage of pods and others.

The main advantages are:

The totality of the blocks involved in the realization of walls and partitions is self-assembling by interweaving without mortar or any other means of attachment, as indicated above, from peripheral belts to level of the floors and the different angle pillars. The same occurs with alveolar elements mounted in combination with joists It is a simplification of the assembly that can be performed by any person without particular qualification It is very economical.

The static advantage is that the constructions with these blocks they still achieve ductility and a greater nexus that the antecedent P546986 due to said projections 14 on the face upper and complementary guides 14.1 on the underside. So It is especially suitable for use in seismic areas.

The set of block devices of construction, without mortar is susceptible in manufacturing in the building construction sector or similar.

Claims (9)

1. Set of construction elements of buildings without mortar that aims to achieve good ductility characteristics, and comprising

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the arrangement on the ground of support templates (1) that constitute the periphery of the building base;

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template coverage by means of reinforced concrete,

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walls and partitions raised on said templates with different types of blocks (2 to 7), with non-flexible self-assembling profiles,

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Some channels made to ground level,

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ceilings and ceilings made by means of profiles (8) on which the joists (9), in cooperation with the corresponding part of the blocks that constitute a continuous peripheral waist, by the introduction of reinforced concrete into the angle blocks of vertical communication as well as those located on the periphery of the roof floor, which are arranged in combination with the joists (9), and receiving the constituent elements (8) of the roof, of the tiles (12).

characterized in that the construction is essentially composed of the combination: of floor support templates 1 that have at least two vertical wing moldings (1.1) and (1.2) between which reinforced concrete is introduced, and also comprises:

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blocks with parallelepiped profiles self-assembly of different types (2, 3, 6 and 7);

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blocks (4) formed in section of a "U" to allow the introduction of concrete without discontinuity;

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blocks (5) formed in section of a "L";

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pieces connection (13) to join two female slots;

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support joists (9) shaped profile of inverted "T" capable of cooperating with the party corresponding blocks, specifically the blocks (4 and 5);

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flat alveolar elements (8) that collaborate in the supports with the wings of the joists (9) so as not to withstand floors, ceilings and ceilings;

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roof tiles (12) shaped to be fixed on slats (10) positioned in combination with joists (9);

so that the blocks (2, 3) they have two projections (14) placed right on the wall internal transverse and two projections (14) placed just to the wall transverse exterior, on the underside they have holes complementary to Highlights 2. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the external separation of the wings (1.1) and (1.2) is equal to the length of the blocks; the longitudinal edges of said wings, have provisions (1.7) and (1.8) capable of cooperating with complementary provisions formed by the combination with the edges of the blocks. 3. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that within the blocks (2) and (6) they are presented vertically on one of at least two transverse faces male arrangements - complementary female for assembly, by imbrication, at 180 ° and / or on a part of its lateral face complementary male-female arrangements, to allow the union of the block at 90 °, said blocks (2) internally delimit at least two cavities internal open; the blocks (3) or (7) are hollow and equal to a half base block (2) or (6). 4. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (4) and (5) are of cross-section in "U" and "L" shaped to be peripherally positioned at the level of the channels, in superposition of the blocks (2, 3, 6 and 7), the blocks (4) are rectilinear of profile "U" and the blocks (5) are rectilinear of profile "L", both blocks (4) and (5) bear on their underside the corresponding guides (14.1) to be embedded with the projections (14). 5. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the smooth elements (8) have two superimposed rows of alveoli (8.1) and (8.2), and the partition walls (8.4) and (8.6) of each of the rows are regularly and alternately bleached from each other; the longitudinal edges of the end (8.1) are inclined while the longitudinal edges of the end (8.3) of the upper row (8.2) are straight and arranged, retracted by the edges (8.5); the partitions (8.7) are arranged substantially in the middle of the alveoli (8.1), the lower part (8.8) of the lower row of the alveoli (8.2) symmetrically borders each of the longitudinal sides (8.3) being all retracted from the bottom (8.9) of the upper row of the alveoli (8.1). 6. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral edges of the end (8.3) and the separating partitions (8.7) of the lower row of the alveoli, each has at least on one of the vertical faces a square notch (8.10) for the passage of mainly filiform elements. 7. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1 and any of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the lateral edges of the lower face (8.9) are arranged to rest on the corresponding wings (9.1 ) of two joists of the same row; the height of the upper part (8.1) of the elements (8) is less than the height of the vertical wings (9.2) of the joists (9) thus reserving a free space for the introduction of a trim material. 8. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that the joists (9) intended to be located at the level of the roof, have a regular interval, from the upper face of the vertical wing ( 9.2), notches (9.3) for joining the slats (10) in order to fix the tiles. 9. Set of building elements of buildings without mortar with improvements introduced, according to claim 1, characterized in that

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The armor is a union between the wings of the insoles of reinforced concrete of an arrangement in the ground or excavation of the support templates (1) that form the perimeter of the base of the desired construction

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The base modules (2) are arranged in manual position in combination with the provisions presented by the edges of the faces central (1.1) and (1.2) of the templates; mounting in successive rows by overlapping of the different blocks arranged alternately, providing medium-base modules (3) mainly in the angles arranged alternately.

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the sleepers feature two complementary hooks for mounting windows and doors according to the building;

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To the ground level, the peripheral waist of the blocks (2 and 3) are it has on the mortar, in rows of blocks (4 and 5) of section transverse in "U" and "L".

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Be introduces cement into the coincident cavities of the block in angle, forming the stiffness pillars; concrete is introduced between the wings of the blocks (4) constituting the belt rigidity peripheral;

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Be proceed now in the same way on the next level and so successively.

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Be position the joists at regular intervals corresponding to the length of said honeycomb elements (8) in the gaps that they have certain blocks for this purpose; put on joists (9) the alveolar elements (8) are placed.

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Be enter now, between the vertical wings (9.1) of the joists (9), on the honeycomb elements (8) a joining material anyone.

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for the realization of the roof the slats (10) are arranged in the notches corresponding to the joists for fixing the roof tiles (12).