ES2288428B1 - METHOD AND MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR. - Google Patents

Abstract

Modular construction method and system for Buildings and the like.

The modular construction method and system for buildings and the like of the invention consists of two parts: a) a metal cage-shaped frame consisting of beams Conveniently spaced verticals and embedded at its end inferior in the base or foundations of a building and intertwined to different heights with other horizontal and b) a grouping of blocks joined vertically and laterally by tongue and groove forming the different walls and partitions, the elements of both parts are in turn assemble each other upwards forming a set, every certain number of block runs and especially in the ceilings or floors of the different rooms are attached horizontal beams or plates that determine the ceilings or floors between these rooms.

Description

Modular construction method and system for Buildings and the like.

Field of the Invention

In the modular construction of buildings.

State of the art

Currently building construction is very laborious, dirty, does not have a good surface finish and is slow, there are Than wait for the setting of the mortar. The present invention eliminates or reduce such inconveniences.

Description of the invention

The modular construction method and system for buildings and the like of the invention it consists of two parts: a) a metal cage-shaped frame consisting of beams Conveniently spaced verticals and embedded at its end inferior in the base or foundations of a building and intertwined to different heights with other horizontal and b) a grouping of blocks joined vertically and laterally by tongue and groove forming the different walls and partitions, the elements of both parts are in turn assemble each other upwards forming a set, every certain number of block runs and especially in the beams are attached to the ceilings or floors of the different rooms or horizontal plates that determine the ceilings or floors between these rooms.

The structure supports the efforts in all senses and distributes them all around the contour formed by different walls and partitions, sum of the strength of the beams vertical and vertical overlapping block columns and horizontally by means of horizontal beams or plates and by the lateral tongue and groove of the blocks.

The lateral union can be made by tongue and groove between the different blocks or using the vertical beams as intermediate tongue and groove elements. In both cases you can use projections and cavities in the form of dovetail or cylindrical shape. Double holes can be used where beams or mortar are introduced alternately, the Mortar fixes the adjacent beam.

Vertical beams can have a section cross-shaped blade, compact or hollow dovetail, of crushed rectangle with protrusions or circular projections that make catches or uppercase ax, the latter can be internal or external to the walls or partitions, in addition all of them can be divided into two halves and can use multiple perforations that reduce the weight and amount of material used without significantly reducing resistance.

In addition to walls and partitions can be built columns, towers, etc.

You can add additional fixing beams making holes coinciding with others arranged in the upper and lower blocks. In these cases it can be used cylindrical or rectangular section elements, tubular or compact Additional cavities are used for insulation, conduction of pipes, electrical and telephone cables and even for air conditioning.

The union between the different blocks and beams it can be dry, preferably you can add a small cement film or liquid glue. The hollows where introduce the beams or rods and other elements have some side holes of crescent shaped section where introduce mortar or any other liquid mixture for fixing of the different elements with each other, but they don't need to resist efforts Instead of blocks, bricks or elements can be used Similar.

The different beams can be joined by tongue and groove, an alternative uses beams parallels that are placed in hollows made in the middle zone of the blocks, serving as reinforcement. They should allow dilation especially the linear when it comes to great lengths or heights

The blocks can be compact, hollow, or spongy material coated or not with an insulating layer, which It makes light weight. They can be cement, mortar, fibers synthetic or inorganic, carbon fiber, crystal and in general All materials used in construction. They can be used in phase or out of phase half block with the contiguous ones. Perfect the finish of the surfaces of the same is achieved that the review of the surfaces of walls and partitions be minimal or unnecessary. In the longitudinal edges can have some highlights and some recesses that are housed in those that present the adjacent blocks, alternately, facilitating clamping and sealing. Be present in prefabricated blocks of different dimensions.

This arrangement distributes the structural effort both by the support or structural walls, and by the walls of separation, partitions, etc. However you can also use only in the construction of towers, columns, pillars, pilasters, etc.

The blocks can be covered with insulating layers of moisture, heat, etc.

The holes in the blocks can be through or no interns.

The beams, crafts, sleepers, etc. have also of the corresponding holes to be crossed and fastened by the beams or fasteners, the blocks or modules have the corresponding recesses.

High-rise buildings, skyscrapers etc., they can use beams and older blocks in the lower areas dimensions, you can also use more beams.

Construction method: Once the foundation beams are placed vertical beams separated at predetermined distances by perforated beams horizontal, butts or tubular separators prevent the descent of the blocks with respect to the beams, these are placed and then the concrete, mortar or similar in the foundations. Without waiting for your setting and hardening are placed the first courses of blocks until it is appropriate to put horizontal beams. Should apply a light layer or cement film or glue between The different elements. The areas of windows or doors are reinforce with more resistant beams, compact beams or with greater number of beams. The first course of blocks can be supported additionally with removable horizontal bars while Forge the concrete of the foundations.

Advantages: The building is cleaner, faster and simple, has a better finish, provides more consistency spread over all the walls and partitions which are part of The support structure. It is not necessary to wait for the cement, mortar, etc. Walls, partitions, columns, etc. are obtained. of great surface and of great cohesion and resistance in all addresses. No high specialization or training is needed of the personnel to carry out the construction.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a front view and schematized of the metal framework of the modular system of the invention.

Figure 2 shows a front view and schematized of the portion of assembled blocks in phase in multiple rows of the modular system of the invention.

Figure 3 shows a front view, Schematized and partial set of system beams and blocks of the invention.

Figures 4, 5, 7 and 12 show views in plan and schematized of different blocks.

Figures 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17 and 17a show plan and schematic views of different blocks with different vertical support beams.

Figures 13 and 14 are side views and Schematized of two types of blocks.

Figures 18 and 19 show two views in schematized and partial plant of a few sets of blocks and beams on the foundations.

Figures 20 and 21 are plan views Schematized and partial sets of blocks and beams showing vertical beams and beams or plates horizontal.

Figures 22, 23 and 25 show views sectioned and partial of several types of vertical beams and their tongue and groove joint.

Figure 24 shows a partial view and the union of two vertical beams.

Figure 26 shows a partial view one of joint of beams with lateral reinforcement.

Figure 27 shows a partial view and sectioning of a block with a vertical beam variant that acts of tongue and groove.

Figures 28 and 29 show plan views sectioned and partial different vertical beams and their blocks

More detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 consists of vertical beams (1), foundations (3) and horizontal beams (6) of the metal frame of the system of the invention.

Figure 2 shows the multiple courses of blocks connected vertically and laterally by tongue and groove (2) forming walls and partitions of the system of the invention, the blocks of the different columns may be out of date with each other.

Figure 3 shows the vertical beams lower (1) cross section, embedded in the foundation (3), which serve as a union between the adjacent blocks, the blocks (2), the vertical beams (10) attached to the lower beams in the points A, B and C, by tongue and groove or by adding beams optional reinforcement (4 and 5) that are embedded in ones central housings (4th and 5th) of some special blocks (2nd).

Figure 4 consists of lateral projection of the dovetail block (7), dovetail hole (8) and hollow or optional central hole (9).

Figure 5 consists of two projections in queue de milano and the optional cavity (9).

Figure 6 shows two blocks linked together by intermediate tongue and groove using a variant of beams vertical (27) in the form of hollow dovetails.

Figure 7 shows three assembled blocks of hollow type of figure 4.

Figure 8 shows a block with several rectangular holes (12) for the introduction in several of they of rods or tubes of rectangular section (1f).

Figure 9 shows a block with several circular holes (13) for introduction into several of them of rods or tubes of circular section (1g).

Figure 10 shows a block with holes rectangular (12) and a central blade-shaped for the introduction of the cross section rod (1a).

Figure 11 shows a block with a hole rectangular and two blade-shaped for the introduction of cross section rod (1).

Figure 12 shows a square block for The corners

Figure 13 shows the hole (16), the upper projections (17) and lower recesses (18) for tongue and groove each block with the next immediate upper e lower.

Figure 14 shows a block without protrusions and recesses and with the hole (16).

Figure 15 shows the partitions (21) attached by the crushed beam with circular projections or ribs (1 C).

Figure 16 shows two blocks which tongue and groove each other using the intermediate beam in the form of two half blades (23) with holes (16a), add the holes blade centrals (19).

Figure 17 shows two blocks which tongue and groove each other using the beam in the form of two socks axes (25), add the central holes in ax (24), also You can use the single piece beam in ax (15).

Figure 17a shows a partition formed by narrow blocks (2d), joined by section beams in ax with external walls (30) and retention ribs (36). You can use the optional cavities (9). It can be typical for windows.

Figure 18 consists of blade beams (1), blocks (2) of the walls with grooves for the tongue and groove of said blades, their foundations (3), partition walls (21) of smaller thickness, its blade beams (11), also of smaller thickness and its foundations (31).

Figure 19 shows crushed beams (1c, 1d) of partitions, foundations (3) and partitions blocks (21).

Figure 20 shows the vertical beams in Blade (1) and horizontal beams (6).

Figure 21 consists of blade beams (1) and flat roof or floor beams or plates (26).

Figure 22 shows the cylindrical tubular beam (1h) and the section of pipe or connecting rod by tongue and groove (28).

Figure 23 shows the rectangular tubular beam (1i) and the section of pipe or connecting rod by tongue and groove (29).

Figure 24 shows the blade beams (1 and 10) and the internal section of tongue and groove joint (31).

Figure 25 shows the crushed beam with Highlights (1j) and the internal tongue and groove section (32). The Internal holes serve to introduce fixing mortar.

Figure 26 shows the tubular beams (1k) and a parallel section (33) of reinforcement, this runs through a hole contiguous or parallel.

Figure 27 shows two portions of blocks (2) and the double-tube tongue and groove joint beam, parallel and linked together (34).

Figure 28 shows a hole in a block circular with peripheral recesses in half moon (35) for filling material and introduction of a circular section beam.

Figure 29 shows a block with a hole rectangular with crescent recesses (35) for filling material, in the hole carries a beam of rectangular section.

Claims (25)

1. Modular construction system for buildings and the like consisting of two parts: a) a framework metal in the form of a cage consisting of vertical beams conveniently spaced and embedded at its lower end in the base or foundations of a building and intertwined to different heights with other horizontals and b) a grouping of blocks joined vertically and laterally by tongue and groove forming the different walls and partitions, the elements of both parts are in turn assemble each other upwards forming a set, every certain number of block runs and especially in the ceilings or floors of the different rooms are attached horizontal beams or plates that determine the ceilings or floors between these rooms. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral connection between the different blocks is carried out using the vertical beams as intermediate tongue and groove elements between the blocks.
which 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that double holes are used in the blocks by which beams or mortar are introduced alternately, the mortar being used to fix the adjacent beam. 4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams have cross-section in the form of a blade. 5. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams have a cross section in the form of a hollow or compact dovetail. 6. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams have a rectangular section in a crushed rectangular shape with circular projections or projections acting as seals. 7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams have a cross section in the form of a capital ax and are arranged internally on the walls or partitions. 8. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams have a cross-section in the form of an uppercase ax and are arranged with two faces external to the partition walls. 9. System according to claim 1, characterized by adding additional fixing beams making holes coinciding with others arranged in the upper and lower blocks. 10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical beams are cylindrical in section. 11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical beams are rectangular in section. 12. System according to claim 1, characterized by adding additional cavities for insulation, conduction of pipes, electrical and telephone cables and even for air conditioning. 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks are joined laterally by dovetail type tongue and groove. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks use cylindrical projections or cavities on their sides for the tongue and groove. 15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities where the beams or rods and other elements are introduced have side holes of half-moon shaped section through which mortar or any other fixing liquid mixture is introduced. 16. System according to claim 1, characterized by using multiple perforation beams. 17. System according to claim 1, characterized by using the blocks in phase with the adjacent ones. 18. System according to claim 1, characterized by using the outdated blocks in half a block with respect to the adjacent ones. 19. System according to claim 1, characterized by adding in the edges of the blocks some projections and recesses that are housed in others that have the adjacent blocks, all this in an alternate manner. 20. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the beams, coffered ceilings, sleepers, etc. they also have the corresponding holes to be traversed and held by the beams or fasteners and for weight reduction. 21. System according to claim 1, characterized in that beams and blocks of larger dimensions and greater number of beams are used in the lower areas of the buildings. 22. System according to claim 1, characterized in that compact blocks are used. 23. System according to claim 1, characterized in that hollow blocks are used. 24. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in the foundations the vertical beams are placed separated by perforated horizontal beams, stops or tubular separators prevent the descent of the blocks of the first course with respect to the beams, it can also be supported by bars horizontal removable while setting the concrete of the foundations. 25. Modular construction method for buildings and the like consisting of a metal frame of beams vertical anchored by its lower end at the base or foundation of a building and are intertwined at different heights with other horizontal, the blocks are joined vertically and laterally by tongue and groove forming the different walls and partitions, once made the foundation housing the beams are placed verticals separated at predetermined distances by beams horizontal perforated, butts or tubular separators avoid the descent of the blocks with respect to the beams, they are placed and then the concrete, mortar or similar in the foundations, without wait for its setting and hardening the first ones are placed block runs until it is appropriate to place horizontal beams, a light coat of cement or glue should be applied between the different elements, the areas of windows or doors are reinforce with more resistant beams, compact beams or with greater number of beams, the first course of blocks can be supported additionally with removable horizontal bars while Forge the concrete of the foundations.