RU2107134C1 - Construction unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this relates to construction components allowing for building walls without using mortar, and ensuring rigid fixing of units and seismic stability. Improved efficiency in erection and dismantling of walls and also in seismic stability of structures are achieved due to fact, that body of construction unit is made up of at least one monolithic cubic module having threaded through-hole over center of its seating faces. Aforesaid through-hole is conjugated with stud. Length of stud corresponds to height of construction unit. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction, in particular to structural building elements, allowing for non-solution masonry of walls, while ensuring rigid fixation of blocks and other structural elements in the wall, providing seismic stability of buildings and the possibility of their dismantling, creates the prerequisites for the development of the prefabricated housing industry.

 The invention is known as the "Wall", in which the wall is constructed from hollow blocks on loose leaves without mortar. Blocks contain vertical through holes in the middle, made conical, between which are placed conical on both sides of the liners (see ed. St. USSR 1472605).

 The disadvantages of the selected analogue include the fact that the cone-shaped inserts, firstly, do not provide rigid fixation of the blocks between each other, since the blocks are mounted on top of each other by inserts inserted into the holes of the blocks, and secondly, the inserts are made in the form of truncated cones of different diameters with opposite sides, and the blocks have cone holes with alternating on the bed surfaces of larger and smaller diameters of the cones, which requires time for orientation when laying the blocks on different diameters of the liners, which slows down and complicates the production of work.

 A known building block containing a middle element in the form of a cube and two extreme elements having the shape of a parallelepiped with internal hemispherical cavities in the center of each face of the middle element and on the faces of the elements facing it. The connecting connections of the block elements are made of balls melted in cavities on adjacent faces of the elements of the balls with a through central channel and an elastic flexible rod passing through the horizontal channels of all elements and balls and ends fixed to the end faces of the extreme elements (see ed. St. USSR N 1795027) .

 The disadvantage of this analogue is the multicomponentness and complexity in the manufacture and implementation. At the same time, the analogue contains an element in the form of a cube that acts as a building block.

 The disadvantages of the analogue include the fact that the bed surface of the cubic part of the block has curly protrusions and recesses, and hemispherical holes protrude in the side faces of the block.

 Closest to the proposed is a technical solution called "Wall" by ed. St. USSR 1472605, which is taken as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the two-sided conical insert has cones of different diameters, as well as conical holes in the blocks, which requires attention stress when laying the wall. The liners do not create a rigid wall of the blocks, which does not provide seismic stability of the erected structure.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the construction and dismantling of load-bearing structures and ensuring their earthquake resistance.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the building block is made of at least one monolithic polyhedron in the form of a cube, which makes up the block module, the dimensions of which are taken as the basis for calculating the dimensions of the structure as a whole and its various elements separately. The surfaces of all faces of the cubic module are made with minimal roughness, straightness of the ribs, and through holes in the center of the square face of each cubic module of the block, which serve as the lower and upper beds, are made with threads mating with a screw pin forming a screw pair, while the thread is in through holes can be performed both in the body of the block, and in the form of embedded parts. From individual cubic modules and entire modules with halves obtained by diagonally cutting off 1/2 of the module, at least for a two-module block, by monolithic connection, the blocks can consist of a series of whole or whole blocks with halves, providing compressive, tensile strength and bending.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution is characterized in that the block contains at least one monolithic cubic module, and the total length of the multi-module block should always be a multiple of the dimensions of the selected module and the structural strength of the material of which the block is made, with taking into account the possible use of reinforcement for long products: consoles, which serve as supports for bay windows, balconies, crossbeams and lintels for window, door and other openings in constructed walls At the same time, fasteners in the form of studs are made of materials with elastic deformation properties, providing a rigid screed between the blocks and other prefabricated elements (consoles, jumpers, etc.), ensuring stability and integrity of structures when exposed to vibrations of any direction.

 In FIG. 1 shows a view from the facade, a fragment of an arch masonry wall made of modular blocks with screw fasteners, where the numbers indicate: 1 - a single-module cubic block, 2 - a half-module block (with a diagonal cut), 3 - 2.5 modular block, 4 - 8 -m modular jumper, 5 - dotted line indicates the center line of the screw pairs of fasteners, 6 - (dotted line) indicates the conditional boundary of the modules.

 In FIG. 2 - side view, a fragment of the balcony console is shown, where 1 is the wall of two-module blocks, 2 - 5.5 is the modular console of the balcony, 3 are the axial lines of the screw pairs of fasteners (dotted line), 4 is the conditional border between the unit modules (dotted line) .

 In FIG. 3 - view from the facade, a fragment of the masonry of window and doorways is shown, where 1 is a wall of two modular blocks, 2 is an 8th modular bridge, 3 is an axial line of screw pairs of fasteners (dotted line), 4 is a conditional border between the unit modules (dotted line).

 In FIG. 4 - side view, a fragment of the cornice is shown, where 1 - 2.5 modular block, 2 - three-modular block, 3 - 3.5 modular block, 4 - the axial line of screw fasteners (dashed line), 5 - conditional line between the block modules ( dotted line).

 In FIG. 5 - the plan shows (a) a wall of two-module blocks, where 1 is a block, 2 is a screw pair of a fastener, 3 is a through heat-technical hole, (b) is a wall of 2 - 3 modular blocks, where 1 is a block , 2 - screw pair of fasteners, 3 - thermal engineering through holes.

 In FIG. 6 is a side view, the pin is shown, where 1 is the head of the pin for the socket wrench, which can be replaced by a slot (groove, groove for a screwdriver), 3 - thread.

 The hairpin can be made from both rods and pipes. The length of the stud for a full block is the height of the block, for a half of 0.5 height.

 In FIG. 7 - in the plan (position “a”), a fragment of a column of two-module blocks is depicted, where 1 are blocks, 2 is a screw pair of a fastener, 3 is a conditional boundary between the modules of the block (dotted line); (position "b") - in plan view, a fragment of a cruciform column of three modular blocks, where 1 is a three-module block, 2 is a screw pair of a fastener; (position “c”) - in plan, an octagonal column of three-module and pyramidal blocks, where 1 is a three-module block, 2 is a pyramidal block, 3 are screw pairs of fasteners, 4 is a conditional boundary between the modules and half-modules (dashed line).

 In FIG. 8 - the plan shows a wall with baffle bends, where 1 - a wall of blocks with any number of modules, 2 - a baffle branch from a two-module block, 3 - a screw pair of a fastener, 4 - a partition baffle from a three-module block.

 In FIG. 9 is a side view showing a fragment of the masonry of the porch or flight of stairs, where 1 is the modular blocks in the bundle, 2 is the center line of the screw pairs of fasteners (dashed line), 3 are the plugs for the holes of the screw pairs.

 In FIG. 10 is a side view, a fragment of "small architecture" is depicted - a bench laid out in the shape of an animal silhouette, where 1 is a single-module cubic block, 2 is an axial line of screw pairs of fasteners, 3 is a six-module bridge, 4 is a threaded hole plug.

 In FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a fragment of a masonry of a spiral staircase made of three-module blocks, where 1 is a three-module block, 2 is a screw pair of a fastener.

 In FIG. 12 is a side view, showing a plug of screw holes for the upper and last rows of blocks.

 The assembly of blocks into the wall, as well as the bases of cantilever elements, jumpers and crossbars above the openings in the walls, other elements is carried out as follows: foundation blocks made according to the modular principle, taking into account the modular grid of blocks (distances between the axes of the threaded holes) in the prepared trench, stacked in a bundle with fastened with studs using a manual power tool. Modular blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 (Fig. 1) and screw pairs 5 in them, manufactured in the factory on precision equipment, ensure compatibility of the holes of screw pairs, since the basis is the modular principle, square faces. The hairpin (Fig. 6) is twisted from the upper block to the lower one half its length. When laying the first row, half the length of the studs screwed out of the holes will go into the ground, the following rows provide any kind of ligament and screw tie of the upper blocks with the lower ones (the studs are screwed all the way down to the stop) due to the high accuracy of the location of the screw holes on the blocks and the correct shape. The block enters the construction site with studs in each hole. After laying the next row of modular blocks in a bundle, their holes coincide, which allows them to be fastened with pins, screwing them with a power tool half their length to the stop located below, starting from the first row of the foundation to the last row of the wall. This allows you to make structures in an industrial way and assemble an element at a construction site according to assembly drawings.

 Blocks consisting of one cubic module are used, as a rule, for laying structures of small architecture and are not used for laying in a bundle.

 The use of screw fasteners provides rigid adhesion of the blocks in the bundle, the seismic stability of the walls when shifting in any direction, due to the minimum roughness of all faces, the use of adhesive solutions and compositions is excluded, which creates the prerequisites for reducing the laboriousness when performing exterior and interior decoration, as the decorative the surface of the modular units can be performed in the factory.

 To indicate a cubic module in a block, risks or colored linear strips can be applied to the side (spoon) faces, which creates an imitation of masonry walls from cubic blocks. Door, window and other openings in the walls are performed in proportion to and multiple sizes of the selected module of the block, the size range of which can be equal for different climatic zones and design purposes. In the modules of the blocks above the openings (Fig. 1.3) screw holes are not made.

 The proposed solution is based on a block consisting of at least one cubic module. The number of modules in a block can be large, taking into account the feasibility, structural strength of the material used, ease of installation and masonry design, modular blocks can be made at least one and a half, with a diagonal half of the block cut off diagonally. The use of such blocks is illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, 4, 7 (c), 10. In diagonally cut parts of the blocks, the length of the stud is 0.5 the length of a conventional stud.

 In the description, the terms “module” and “modular mesh” are used, which are the block dimensions in millimeters and the distance between the axial lines of the screw pair holes, which are taken into account when calculating the dimensions of the building, and also taking into account the climatic conditions of the area chosen for the construction of the structure.

 The technical solution allows you to organize an industry for collapsible quickly erected housing construction in any climatic and seismic conditions. The material for the manufacture of modular blocks can be wood bars, plastics, a variety of polymer non-carcinogenic materials, ceramics, wood-fiber materials, building mineral composites and from various wastes: paper, plant materials: straw, chaff, chopped and pressed plant stems, as well as on the basis of concrete and other materials. Depending on the purpose of the building and the requirements for the supporting structures, a screw pair - a stud and a tube with an internal thread, if the thread is not in the body of the unit itself, can be made of metal, plastic, composite rods and pipes in the factory in the form of embedded parts.

Claims (1)

 A building block in the form of a polyhedron with a hole mating with a fastener, characterized in that it is made in length multiple of at least one modular block having a cube shape with a through threaded hole located in the center of the lower and upper faces, and the fastener made in the form of a hairpin with a length equal to the height of the cube, with the possibility of screwing it in using a hand-held power tool.

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