RU2107133C1 - Construction wall unit with fastening members - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this is based on cubic module of unit. Sizes and overall dimensions of structural components of building are multiple of dimensions of cubic module and they are determined in compliance with existing standards and local natural and climatic zones. Construction wall unit with fastening members has at least two integrally interconnected cubes made with minimal roughness of surfaces of all faces. Made in center of rectangular faces of each module in unit functioning in given case as seats are openings in the form of sleeves with head-pieces of embedded members protruding from bottoms of sleeves. Embedded members are of spherical or cone configuration for conjugation with fastening members in the form of double-side collet bush having outer and inner hooks. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction, in particular to structural building elements that allow for non-solution masonry of walls, while ensuring rigid fixation of blocks and other structural elements in the wall, makes it possible to carry out installation of facing and decorative elements in horizontal, vertical and inclined planes using the proposed technical solution . The proposed solution creates the prerequisites for the development of the prefabricated housing industry and its high efficiency.

 The invention is known as the "wall", in which the wall is constructed from hollow blocks on loose leaves without mortar. The blocks contain vertical through holes in the middle, made cone-shaped, between which are placed cone-shaped on both sides of the liners [1].

 The disadvantages of the chosen analogue include the fact that the cone-shaped liners, firstly, do not provide rigid fixation of the blocks between each other, since the blocks are mounted on top of each other by inserts inserted into the holes of the blocks, and secondly, the liners are made in the form of truncated cases of different diameters with opposite sides, and the blocks have cone holes with alternating cones on the bed surfaces of larger and smaller diameters, which requires time for orientation when laying the blocks on different liner diameters That slows down and complicates the production of the work.

 A known building block containing a middle element in the form of a cube and two extreme elements having the shape of a parallelepiped, with internal hemispherical cavities in the center of each face of the middle element and on the faces of the extreme elements facing it. The connecting connections of the block elements are made of balls located in cavities on adjacent faces of the elements with a through central channel and an elastic flexible rod passing through the horizontal channels of all elements and balls and fixed to the end faces of the extreme elements [2].

 The disadvantage of this analogue is the complexity and complexity in the manufacture and implementation. At the same time, the analogue contains an element in the form of a cube that acts as a building block.

 The disadvantages of the analogue include the fact that the bed surface of the cubic part of the block has curly protrusions and recesses, and hemispherical holes protrude in the side faces of the block.

 Closest to the proposed is a technical solution called "Wall" by ed. St. USSR 1472605, which is taken as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that the double-sided conical insert has cones of different diameters, as well as conical openings in the blocks, which requires attention stress when laying the wall. The liners do not provide a rigid coupling of the blocks, which does not provide seismic stability of the erected structure.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of construction production, expanding functional and technical capabilities.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the wall building block with fasteners is made of at least two regular polyhedrons in the form of a cube monolithically interconnected, comprising not only the module of the block, but also all the building elements of the structure under construction, while the surfaces of all its faces are made with minimal roughness, straightness of the ribs, and in the center of the square faces of each cubic module of the block, acting as the lower and upper beds, there are blind round holes-glasses with center piece with a fungus-shaped head (hemisphere or truncated cone) for interacting with a collet double-sided sleeve with internal hooks or with an annular rectangular section groove in the lower part of the walls of the glass for a collet dissected along or tubular double-sided sleeve with external hooks and a length sufficient for rigid fixation of the blocks with each other, while blind holes-glasses with embedded parts for fasteners can also be made in the center of the bonded and spoon square gran her every cubic block module.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution is characterized in that the block contains at least two monolithically connected cubic modules, and the total length of the block will always be a multiple of the dimensions of the selected module and the structural strength of the material from which the block is made, taking into account possible use of reinforcement for long artificial products: consoles acting as supports for bay windows, balconies, crossbeams and lintels for window, door and other openings in a wall being erected x, while the fasteners in the form of solid or dissected along the collet bushings with external or internal hooks are made of materials with elastic deformation properties, providing a rigid coupling between the blocks and other prefabricated elements (consoles, jumpers, etc.), allowing them to be used for attaching building elements to any of the planes: vertical (on the wall), horizontal (on the ceiling and floor), inclined (cornices, etc.), which ensures the stability and integrity of structures when exposed it vibrations of any direction.

 In FIG. 1 shows a fragment of a wall of four two-module blocks (blocks can be made with a large number of cubic modules), on which the numbers denote: 1 - the butt face of the cubic block module, 2 - the spoon face of the cubic block module, 3 - (dashed) conditional plane between the cubic modules of a two-module block, 4 - a hole-cup with an annular groove of rectangular cross-section at the bottom for a collet double-sided sleeve with external hooks, 5 - collet double-sided sleeve with external hooks (which can be made dissected along and tubular), 6 - hole-cup for a collet double-sided sleeve with internal hooks, 7 - embedded part in a hole-cup with a hemispherical head (fungus), 8 - embedded part with a conical head (spire), 9 - antennae, 10 - the core of the embedded part, 11 - the body of the collet double-sided sleeve with internal hooks, 12 - the petals of the collet sleeve, 13 - hooks of the sleeve; in FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of a double-sided collet sleeve with internal hooks, where 11 is the body of the sleeve, 12 are the petals, 13 are the hooks; in FIG. 3 - shows the embedded part (fungus), where 7 is the spherical head, 9 is the antennae, 10 is the rod (rod); in FIG. 4 - shows the embedded part (spire), where 8 is the conical head, 9 are the antennae, 10 is the rod (rod or pipe, in this case, the pipe); in FIG. 5 shows a fragment of the interface node of a double-sided collet sleeve with external hooks 5 with an annular groove at the bottom of the cup 4, where 12 are the petals of the collet, 13 are the external hooks; in FIG. 6 in the projection "top view" shows two two-module blocks laid one on the other with the letter G, where 3 is the conditional plane between the cubic modules, 6 is the hole-glass, 8 is the embedded part with a conical head (spire), 14 is the upper bed of the upper two-module block, 15 - through circular holes, 16 - the upper bed of the lower two-module block.

 The wall building block with fasteners (Fig. 1) consists of cubic modules 1 (connected from the butt edge) monolithically interconnected with 2 — view from the spoon face, conditional (dashed) plane between the cubic modules-3, hole-glasses with an annular groove 4 and a double-sided collet sleeve with external hooks 5, or as an option for expanding technical capabilities, from a hole-cup 6 for a collet double-sided sleeve with internal hooks, head 7 (fungus) or as an option of a conical head (spire) -8, antennae on pivot the embedded part 9, the body of the rod-10, the double-sided collet sleeve 11, its petals 12 and the hooks 13. in FIG. 1 (for compactness) depicts possible options for implementing the proposed technical solution. If the left side of FIG. 1, a collet sleeve with internal hooks is used as a fastening element, then in the right part of FIG. 1 - collet sleeve with external hooks. In case of wallless installation of walls, the type of fasteners should correspond to the type of holes-glasses. The collet sleeve with internal hooks is suitable simultaneously for cup holes with embedded parts "spire" and fungus, and the collet sleeve with external hooks is designed for blocks with cup holes in which annular grooves are made.

 The arrangement of the collet double-sided sleeve with internal hooks is shown in FIG. 2. which contains the body 11 itself, the petals 12 and the hooks 13. Any type of collet bushings is made of a material with elastic deformation properties (spring petals). The device of embedded parts in statics is illustrated in FIG. 3 and 4. In FIG. 3, the embedded part contains antennae 9, rod 10 and a hemispherical head (fungus) 7. In FIG. 4 the head of the embedded part is made in the form of a truncated cone (spire). In FIG. 5, the collet double-sided sleeve with external hooks 5 rests with its lower part in the annular groove 4, where its hooks 13 on the petals 12 are freely located. FIG. 6 one two-module unit (horizontal) rests on another (vertical). Since the faces of the cubic modules are square, and the glass-openings 6 are made in the center, the glass-openings of different blocks are compatible with any of the methods of dressing used in practice: spoon, tychkovy, chain, cross, Gothic, Dutch, as well as multi-row dressing. It turns out to be combined and through holes 15 (heat engineering), which can be used for laying utilities (pipes, wires).

 The assembly of blocks into the wall, as well as the bases of cantilever elements, lintels and beams above the openings in the walls, floors, is as follows. On the upper bed of the fundamental blocks made by the modular principle, taking into account the modular grid of the blocks (the distances between the axes of the glasses), holes 4 or 6 are made, taking into account the design of the fasteners, into which the ends of the collet double-sided bushings are inserted before laying the blocks. To facilitate, for example, the insertion of a collet sleeve with external hooks (Fig. 5, pos. 5) into the hole-cup, it is compressed due to the existing groove, which reduces its diameter and allows the lower end of the sleeve to be fixed in the hole without problems. The material, as already noted, from which the collet bushings are made, have the properties of elastic deformation, which ensures the entry of the hooks 13 into the groove 4 (Fig. 5). The following blocks, stacked on top of the bundle, are strung with grooves 4 or 6 (Fig. 1) on the ends of the collet sleeves protruding from the cup holes, which leads to rigid fixation of the stacked blocks together and the wall structure is solid. The assembly of blocks is carried out without the use of binders and adhesives due to the minimum surface roughness of the faces of the assembled elements. Collet sleeves can be made tubular without a through groove, provided that the petals 12 (Fig. 2 and 5) are sufficiently elastic with hooks 13 at their ends.

 The use of collet fasteners provides rigid adhesion of the blocks in the bundle, the seismic stability of the walls when shifting in any direction, due to the minimum roughness of all faces of the blocks, the use of adhesive solutions and compositions is excluded, creates the prerequisites for reducing the laboriousness of individual external and internal works, as well as making blocks with holes in glasses (possibly of lesser depth) on the tying and spoon edges, it is possible to mount facing suspended, say, ceiling elements Comrade, wall moldings, etc., providing a fixation reliability and safety of the structure. At the same time, the depth of the glasses in modular cubic blocks and suspended (ceiling), wall cladding elements can be different, as well as the length of the petals of the collet bushings, which depends on the weight of the elements and their thickness.

 To indicate a cubic module in a block, risks or colored linear strips can be applied to the lateral (spoon) faces, which will create an imitation of masonry walls from cubic blocks. The sides of the floor panels facing the inside of the room (floor and ceiling) may have openings-cups smashed along a modular grid, which will ensure the installation of suspended ceilings without a frame, as well as flooring. Door, window and other openings in the walls are made proportional and multiple to the sizes of the selected module of the block, the size range of which may be different for different climatic zones.

 The proposed solution is based on a block consisting of at least two cubic modules. The number of modules in the block can be large, taking into account the feasibility, structural strength of the material used and ease of installation.

 If the lateral square faces of the blocks are made decorative, then the need for holes-glasses on the poke and spoon faces disappears. Their presence is necessary for additional wall cladding both outside and indoors.

 In the description, the terms “module” and “modular mesh” are used, which are the dimensions of the block in mm and the distance between the center lines of the glasses, which are taken into account when calculating the dimensions of the building, the number of cladding elements and their sizes, given that cladding and suspension elements for convenience and safety can be fixed simultaneously in several glasses by means of several fixing collet sleeves, for example 2, 4, 6, 8. The diameter of the fasteners, the thickness of their walls, the size of the protrusions of the hooks is calculated based on the applied structural materials and the weight of the mounted elements. Collet sleeves, as well as embedded parts, are made of corrosion-resistant material, and for collet sleeves, it has elastic deformation properties.

Claims (2)

 1. The wall building block with fasteners in the form of a polyhedron, characterized in that the block contains at least two cubes monolithically interconnected, each of which is its module, made with a minimum surface roughness of all its faces, with the center square the faces of each module, acting as lower and upper beds, made round blind holes in the form of glasses, provided with elements for fixing by the method of pairing, double-sided collet bushings with internal or external E hooks.  2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the round blind holes in the form of glasses are additionally made in the center of the butt and spoon faces.

Images