RU2466246C1 - Cellular-porous ceramic block to erect single-layer and multi-layer walls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: cellular-porous ceramic block for erection of single-layer and multi-layer walls represents a rectangular parallelepiped comprising outer side stretcher and header faces and an inner structural-insulation structure made of rows of through cavities separated from each other with ceramic partitions and links and parallel to header faces of the block. Through cavities are arranged with displacement relative to each other in neighbouring rows for half of their width, besides, the block has vertical and horizontal slots, which protrude beyond the limits of the stretcher and bed faces by width of one cavity and thickness of a side face, and also a vertical mark at the centre of the stretcher side of the face.

EFFECT: improved physical and technical parameters of a block and method to lay a building wall, increased accuracy of laying in erection of a wall, reduced deviations from horizontal and vertical planes, higher resistance of work to shifting.

1 ex, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely, to the construction of hollow ceramic blocks, which are widely used for laying single-layer and multi-layer external walls of buildings with the required thermal resistance for various climatic conditions of their operation.

Known hollow-porous ceramic brick block for the construction of homogeneous walls (patent for invention RU 2377371 C1, 06/23/2008) containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural-insulating structure, the structural and heat-protective structure being deployed relative to the spoon and bonded faces 45 ° and is divided along the length into two equal parts by a ceramic jumper passing across the spoon and parallel to the butt edges.

The disadvantage of this brick block is the lack of horizontal and vertical grooves, which reduces the shear strength of the masonry during its operation. Another disadvantage is the need to apply the solution on a flat horizontal surface of the block for adhesion with the overlying blocks. This leads to a deterioration in the thermal efficiency of the wall made of this unit due to the presence of a through seam, as well as to an increase in the construction time.

Closest to the claimed invention is a large-sized porous ceramic block POROTHERM (POTERM) PTH 51 (510 × 250 × 219), PTH 38 (380 × 250 × 219), PTH 25 (250 × 380 × 219) and PTH 12 (120 × 500 × 219). (Large-format porous ceramic block POROTHERM (GOST 5 30-2007), PTN 51 and PTN 38. [Electronic resource] / Wienerberger concern (Wienergerger) - Vienna (Austria). Access mode: http: // www.wienerberger.ru ) The ceramic block is a rectangular parallelepiped containing external lateral spoon and poke faces and an internal structural and insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated from each other by ceramic partitions and jumpers parallel to the block faces of the block. The voids of the ceramic block are rectangular in shape 40 × 15 mm and are parallel to the bonded side. Stiffeners are located both parallel and perpendicular to the butt side. Additional voids have a square outline and are located at the interface of the spoon faces, as well as with two structural holes 42.5 × 42.5 mm, located at a distance of 50 mm from the butt edges. Block brand strength M100-M150.

The disadvantage of this large-sized porous ceramic block POROTHERM (POROTERM) is the need to apply the solution on a flat horizontal surface of the block for adhesion with overlying blocks. This leads to a deterioration in the thermal efficiency of the wall made from this unit due to the presence of a through seam, as well as to an increase in the construction time. Also, a significant drawback of this ceramic block is the absence of horizontal grooves, which when erecting masonry leads to a decrease in the accuracy and manufacturability of the erection. In addition, the shear resistance of the masonry during its operation is reduced.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single and multi-layer walls, providing high thermal performance during operation, convenience and ease of installation, reducing labor costs, increasing the accuracy of masonry and reducing deviations from horizontal and vertical planes when erecting a wall, increasing the resistance of masonry to shear due to the use of geometric parameters of the ceramic block, its vertical and horizontal grooves.

The problem is solved in that in a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls, which is a rectangular parallelepiped, containing external lateral spoon and poke faces and an internal structural-insulating structure made of separated from each other by ceramic partitions and jumpers rows of through voids parallel to the butt faces of the block according to the invention, the through voids are displaced relative to each other in adjacent rows on the polo the fault of their width, in addition, the block has vertical and horizontal grooves that protrude beyond the spoon and bed side to the width of one void and the thickness of the side face. On the front (spoon) face of the block, a vertical risk is applied, passing through the center of the front (spoon) face in order to increase the productivity of stacking blocks in a row and accurately erect masonry.

Figure 1 shows the types and risks of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 250 × 250 × 250. Figure 2 shows the types of hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 380 × 250 × 250. Figure 3 shows views of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 510 × 250 × 250. Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional image and a top view of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 250 × 250 × 250. Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional image and a top view of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 380 × 250 × 250. Figure 6 shows a three-dimensional image and a top view of a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 510 × 250 × 250.

The hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls contains lateral spoon (1) and bonded (2) faces, an internal structural and heat-insulating structure made of ceramic rows separated from each other (3) and lintels (4) through rows of voids ( 5) parallel to the butt (2) faces of the block, located offset from each other in adjacent rows by half their width. On the face (spoon) face (1) of the block, a vertical risk is applied (6, 7), passing through the center of the face (1) face. Figure 1-3, the risk is located in the center of the spoon face (1) in order to increase the productivity of stacking blocks in a row and the exact erection of masonry. The block has vertical (8) and horizontal (9) grooves that protrude beyond the spoon (1) and bed (10) faces to the width of one void and the thickness of the side face.

The raw material for creating the ceramic block is natural clay with additives. The structural and heat-insulating structure is developed perpendicular to the spoon (1) and bonded (2) faces. Each rectangular void is separated from each other by ceramic partitions (3) and jumpers (4) to the entire height of the block, intersecting at an angle of 90 °. All voids (5) are oriented relative to the spoon-shaped (1) and bonded (2) faces of the ceramic block in such a way that the diagonals of rectangular voids are placed perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer resistance from both the spoon-shaped (1) and bonded (2) sides. The use of a hollow-porous ceramic block makes it possible to erect an external wall (supporting or self-supporting) without filling vertical joints with mortar when erecting masonry (or with adhesive) due to the formation of a lock in the joint area of grooves that fit tightly together (in some cases, only sealing the vertical joint from the outside). One hollow-porous ceramic block is installed over the entire wall thickness, which is determined by the heat engineering calculation for a specific region of construction without dressing the installed blocks and without filling vertical joints during the erection of masonry. On the front (1) face of the block, a vertical risk is applied (6, 7), passing through the center of the spoon (front) (1) face in order to increase the productivity of stacking blocks in a row and accurately erect masonry.

The invention relates to building structures, the use of which allows you to erect an external wall (supporting or self-supporting) without filling vertical grooves with mortar during the construction of masonry (or adhesive) due to the formation of a lock in the joint area of the grooves that are tightly adjacent to each other.

It does not require filling the vertical grooves with a binder when erecting the masonry (in some cases, only sealing the vertical joint from the outside is required). Due to the location of pores, vertical and horizontal grooves, the heat efficiency of the walls increases. Due to the special shape that allows evenly distributing the load on neighboring blocks, this ceramic block can be used as a supporting wall structure in buildings up to 10 floors inclusive.

An example of a specific implementation:

Hollow-porous ceramic blocks for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls (Figs. 1-3 and 4-6) have dimensions: 250 × 250 × 250 mm, 380 × 250 × 250 mm, 510 × 250 × 250 mm, respectively; average weight: 6.2 kg, 9.4 kg, 12.6 kg, respectively; the average density of 720-750 kg / m ³ . Blocks can be used for low-rise and high-rise construction as small piece filling of bearing and self-supporting walls of buildings and structures. An example of a hollow-porous block:

1) as self-supporting structures;

2) as bearing walls;

3) as additional wall insulation during the reconstruction of buildings and structures;

4) as a decoration of building facades with the creation of a textured surface when using a block with the possible application of finishing coatings.

Claims (1)

A hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls, which is a rectangular parallelepiped, containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural and insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated from each other by ceramic walls and jumpers parallel to the bonded edges of the block, characterized in that the through voids are displaced relative to each other in adjacent rows by half their width, in addition, the block has a vertical ikalnye and horizontal grooves, which extend beyond the stretcher and a bed face on one void width and thickness of the side face and the vertical center of the stretcher risk of side faces.

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