RU2522562C1 - Facing hollow-porous ceramic unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: facing hollow-porous ceramic unit is a rectangular parallelepiped containing outer side stretching and binding faces and inner constructive insulating structure made of spaced apart ceramic baffles and bridges of series of through hollows, unit has vertical and horizontal grooves that extend beyond the stretching and bed faces to the width of one hollow and side face thickness, as well as vertical mark extending through the middle of the stretching side. Rows of through cavities are arranged alternately in parallel and perpendicularly with respect to the unit binding faces, besides the unit on the stretching side has a solid facing layer with textured surface imitating the brickwork.

EFFECT: improvement of physical and technical indicators both of the unit and laying method of the building wall, increase of laying precision during wall construction, reduction of deviations from the horizontal and vertical planes, increase of laying resistance of shear due to the use of geometric parameters of the ceramic unit, its rows of through hollows made perpendicularly with respect to each other, its vertical and horizontal slots.

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Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely, to the designs of building hollow ceramic blocks, widely used for laying single-layer outer walls of buildings with the required thermal resistance for various climatic conditions of their operation.

A well-known hollow-porous ceramic brick block for the construction of homogeneous walls and methods for laying it (patent for invention RU 2377371 C1, 06.23.2008) containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural-insulating structure, the structural heat-insulating structure being deployed relative to spoon and bonder faces at 45 ° and is divided along the length into two equal parts by a ceramic bridge passing across the spoon and parallel to the bonded sides.

The disadvantage of this brick block is the lack of horizontal and vertical grooves, which reduces the shear strength of the masonry during its operation. Another disadvantage is the need to apply the solution on a flat horizontal surface of the block for adhesion with the overlying blocks. This leads to a deterioration in the thermal efficiency of the wall made of this unit due to the presence of a through seam, as well as to an increase in the construction time. Another disadvantage is the lack of a full-bodied layer of block cladding, which can lead to accelerated destruction of the cladding part during operation when moisture enters the outer voids and the effects of freezing-thawing processes.

Known large-sized porous ceramic block POROTHERM (POTERM) RTN 51 (510 × 250 × 219), RTN 38 (380 × 250 × 219), RTN 25 (250 × 380 × 219) and RTN 12 (120 × 500 × 219). (Large-format porous ceramic block POROTHERM (GOST 5 30-2007), PTN 51 and PTN 38. [Electronic resource] / Wienerberger concern (Wienergerger) - Vienna (Austria). Access mode: http: // www.wienerberger.ru ) The ceramic block is a rectangular parallelepiped containing external lateral spoon and poke faces and an internal structural and insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated from each other by ceramic partitions and lintels parallel to the block faces of the block. The voids of the ceramic block are rectangular in shape 40 × 15 mm and are parallel to the bonded side. Stiffeners are located both parallel and perpendicular to the butt side. Additional voids have a square shape and are located at the interface of the spoon faces, as well as with two structural holes 42.5 × 42.5 mm, located at a distance of 50 mm from the butt edges. Block brand strength M100-M150.

The disadvantage of this large-sized porous ceramic block POROTHERM (POTERM) is the need to apply the solution on a flat horizontal surface of the block for adhesion with overlying blocks. This leads to a deterioration in the thermal efficiency of the wall made of this unit due to the presence of a through seam, as well as to an increase in the construction time. Also, a significant drawback of this ceramic block is the absence of horizontal grooves, which when erecting masonry leads to a decrease in the accuracy and manufacturability of the erection. In addition, the shear resistance of the masonry during its operation is reduced. Another disadvantage is the lack of a full-bodied layer of block cladding, which can lead to accelerated destruction of the cladding part during operation when moisture enters the outer voids and the effects of freezing-thawing processes.

Closest to the claimed invention is a hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls (patent application for the invention No. 20111120531/03 (05.05396) dated 05/20/2011), which is a rectangular parallelepiped containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural and insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated from each other by ceramic partitions and lintels, parallel to the butt faces of the block, characterized in that the through voids are arranged They are laid with an offset relative to each other in adjacent rows half their width, in addition, the block has vertical and horizontal grooves that extend beyond the spoon and bed side to the width of one void and the thickness of the side face, as well as the vertical risk in the center of the spoon side of the face.

The disadvantage of this hollow-porous ceramic block is the absence of a full-bodied layer of the cladding of the block, which can lead to accelerated destruction of the cladding during operation when moisture enters the external voids and the effects of freezing-thawing processes. Another disadvantage of this unit is the location of through voids with a displacement relative to each other in adjacent rows, which can lead to moisture formation and accelerated destruction of the block in the outer layers perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer resistance. Another drawback of this unit is the lack of a standard size of 640 mm thickness, which is the closest in normalized resistance to heat transfer of building envelopes for most regions of the middle strip of the Russian Federation.

The objective of the invention is to create a facing hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer walls, providing high thermal performance during operation, the lack of the possibility of destruction of the facing layer, convenience and ease of installation, reducing labor costs.

The problem is solved in that in a facing hollow-porous ceramic block, which is a rectangular parallelepiped, containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural-insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated from each other by ceramic partitions and jumpers, having vertical and horizontal grooves that extend beyond the limits of the spoon and bed side to the width of one void and the thickness of the side face, as well as the vertical risk, yaschuyu Central stretcher (front) side, according to the invention the series of through cavities arranged alternately parallel and perpendicular to the faces of the binder unit further unit on the stretcher (front side) of the cover layer has a corpulent with textured surface imitating brickwork.

The facing hollow-porous ceramic block contains lateral spoon 1 and bonded 2 faces, an internal structural and heat-insulating structure made of ceramic partition walls 3 and jumpers 4 rows of through rectangular voids 5, alternating parallel and perpendicular to the bonded 2 faces of the block , the through voids 5 are located offset from each other in adjacent rows by half their width to improve the heat efficiency of the block. The block has vertical 8 and horizontal 9 grooves that protrude from the spoon 1 and bed 10 faces to the width of one void and the thickness of the side face. On the front (spoon) edge of block 1, a vertical risk 6 is applied, passing through the center of the spoon (front) edge 1. In FIGS. 1-2, the risk is located in the center of the spoon (front) edge (1) in order to increase the productivity of stacking blocks in a row and precise erection of masonry. The block on the spoon side has a full-bodied facing layer 11 with a textured surface imitating brickwork.

From the point of view of heat efficiency of the block, the through rectangular voids 5 are located both perpendicularly and parallel to the bonded edge 2 of the block.

The raw material for creating the ceramic block is natural clay with additives. Structurally-heat-insulating structure is developed perpendicular to spoon 1 and pin 2 faces. Each rectangular void is separated from each other by ceramic partitions 3 and jumpers 4 to the entire height of the block, intersecting at an angle of 90 °. All voids 5 are oriented relative to the spoon 1 and button 2 faces of the ceramic block in such a way that the diagonals of rectangular voids are placed perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer resistance both from the spoon 1 and from the button 2 sides.

The use of a facing hollow-porous ceramic block makes it possible to erect an external wall (bearing or self-supporting) without a facing layer and filling vertical joints with mortar when erecting masonry (or with adhesive) due to the formation of a lock in the joint area of grooves that are tightly adjacent to each other (in some in cases only sealing of the vertical joint from the outside is required). One hollow-porous ceramic block is installed over the entire wall thickness, which is determined by the heat engineering calculation for a specific region of construction without dressing the installed blocks and without filling vertical joints during the erection of masonry. On the spoon (front) 1 face of the block, a vertical risk of 6, 7 is applied, passing through the center of the spoon (face) 1 face in order to increase the productivity of stacking blocks in a row and accurately erect masonry. The facing layer of the block is made full-bodied.

The invention relates to building structures, its use allows you to erect an external wall (supporting or self-supporting) without a facing layer and filling vertical grooves with mortar during the erection of masonry (or adhesive) due to the formation of a lock in the joint area of the grooves that are tightly adjacent to each other.

It does not require filling the vertical grooves with a binder when erecting the masonry (in some cases, only sealing the vertical joint from the outside is required). In this case, the supporting or enclosing structure can be made in the thickness of one block. Due to the location of the pores made perpendicular to each other, as well as the location of the vertical and horizontal grooves, the heat efficiency of the walls increases. Due to the special shape that allows evenly distributing the load on neighboring blocks, this ceramic block can be used as a supporting wall structure in buildings up to 10 floors inclusive. Due to the presence of a full-bodied facing layer, there is no possibility of its destruction during operation when moisture gets into external voids and the effects of freezing-thawing.

Figure 1 shows the types and risks of facing a hollow porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer walls with a size of 640 × 250 × 250 mm. Figure 2 shows a three-dimensional image and a top view of the facing hollow-porous ceramic block for the construction of single-layer and multi-layer walls with a size of 640 × 250 × 250 mm

The facing hollow-porous ceramic block for walling has a size of 640 × 250 × 250 mm; average weight 16.1 kg; the average density of 720 kg / m ³ . The facing layer is full-bodied. Blocks can be used for low-rise and high-rise construction, as a small piece filling of bearing and self-supporting walls of buildings and structures. An example of a hollow-porous block:

1) as self-supporting structures;

2) as bearing walls;

3) as additional wall insulation during the reconstruction of buildings and structures;

4) as a decoration of building facades.

Claims (1)

Facing a hollow-porous ceramic block, which is a rectangular parallelepiped, containing external lateral spoon and bonded faces and an internal structural and insulating structure made of rows of through voids separated by ceramic partitions and jumpers, the block has vertical and horizontal grooves that protrude the limits of the spoon and bed edge to the width of one void and the thickness of the side edge, as well as the vertical risk passing through the center of the spoon side, are different ayuschiysya in that the series of through cavities arranged alternately parallel and perpendicular to the faces of the binder unit further unit on the stretcher side cladding layer has a corpulent with textured surface imitating brickwork.

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