RU2502852C1 - Multi-layer thermal block, method and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: multi-layer thermal block for construction comprises a stiff spatial element - a matrix, besides, the block comprises three bearing concrete layers and two thermal insulation layers from foam plastic arranged between them, for instance, foam polystyrene, having holes for connection of three concrete layers into a single monolithic structure with the help of formation of solid links during pouring, besides, heat insulation layers are shifted relative to bearing layers along the vertical line and along the horizontal line for production of a slot and comb connection of blocks, which insulates bearing layers from each other by thermal insulating layers along edges of the block in the zone of contact with an adhesive mixture. Concrete links in one heat insulating layer are shifted relative to links in the other heat insulating layer to the maximum possible value and have the size of cross section required for provision of strength of the structure, and in case of the slot and comb connection the adhesive layer having the highest heat conductivity, in process of mounting it is broken into 5 segments, in accordance with the number of layers. Also the method and the device for its manufacturing are described.

EFFECT: higher strength of connection between block layers, higher thermal protection properties of a block and heat and wind protection properties of an erected structure, higher quality of mounting, reduced time of construction.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

1. The invention relates to construction and can be used in the manufacture of building envelopes of buildings in a wide range of seasonal temperature differences.

The known analogue "Wall building block" RU 2131501 C1 class. E04C 1/40. In this block, the concrete shell is connected to the heat-insulating core only due to the adhesion of concrete, which is not sufficient.

Known analogues of "Concrete building block" RU 2208102 C1 class. E04c 1/40, "Building block" RU 2208101 C1 cl. E04c 1/40, "Concrete building block" RU 2317381 C1 cl. E04c 1/40, "Multilayer building block" RU 2317381 C1 cl. E04c 1/40, “Thermal insulation building block” RU, 33 589 U1, E04C 1/00. When creating these materials, an attempt was made to create a multilayer building block by connecting the supporting and heat-insulating layers using fiberglass, polymer, and metal rods of various configurations. As practice has shown, such a connection does not withstand a serious load. The connecting seams in this building construction are not insulated in any way and are “cold bridges”.

The prototype is “Thermal insulation building block”, RU, 33589 U1, E04C 1/00, 10.27.2003, pp. 20-22, 36 formulas, pages 5-6 of the description, FIGS. 4-12, / 1 /, which describes a multilayer heat-insulating building block, including the outer and inner layers, made on the basis of various binders, between which are located heat-insulating boards made of polystyrene foam, for example, polystyrene foam, in which through holes are made, for the formation of communication elements. Thermal insulation boards are offset in the vertical and horizontal plane relative to the faces of the outer and inner layers of the block by an amount not less than the thickness of the masonry joint. The disadvantage of this heat-insulating block is the insufficient strength of the connection of the layers using these communication elements, because holes for their formation are in the same plane. Despite the presence of an additional heat-insulating plate, there are “cold bridges”, because holes in two heat-insulating plates are on the same axis. The prototype indicates (page 6 of the description) that the building block is manufactured in accordance with the usual technology in molds, while it does not indicate how the lighter polystyrene foam layers are kept from surfacing when pouring the carrier layers and how the uniformity of the thickness of the carrier layers is achieved, which is of primary importance importance when creating a tongue-and-groove connection (paragraph 36 of the formula). Therefore, as a prototype for the manufacturing method and the device for manufacturing the fuser, the “fuser” closer in technical level, RU, 2157875 C2, E04C, is selected 1/00, B28B 7/22. (PP 4.7 formulas), the disadvantage of this method and device is the inability to fix the insulating layers outside the faces of the bearing layers. The aim of this invention was to create a set of thermally protected unified products for construction, combining all the advantages of existing building blocks, but devoid of the disadvantages of these products, as well as the method and device for its manufacture.

1.1 technical result achieved using the invention:

1.1.1 Increasing the strength of the connection of the layers in a multilayer thermal block.

1.1.2 Improving the thermal protective properties of a multilayer fuser.

1.1.3 Improving the heat and wind protection properties of the building envelope as a whole.

1.1.4 Improving installation quality due to assembly accuracy.

1.1.5 Reduction in the amount of masonry material.

1.1.6. The ability to perform facing in parallel with masonry work without installation of scaffolding (for multi-story construction).

1.1.7 Significant reduction in construction time.

1.2. The task is to obtain a set of thermowell unified products of the house-building system for low-rise and prefabricated-monolithic construction, which has properties that provide the claimed technical result and have the following differences from the prototype and analogues.

This technical result is ensured by the following differences of the thermoblock: a multilayer thermoblock for construction, containing a rigid spatial element — a matrix, and the block consists of three bearing concrete layers and two heat-insulating foam layers located between them, for example, polystyrene foam, with openings for connecting three concrete layers in a single monolithic structure by means of the formation of monolithic jumpers during pouring, and the insulating layers are shifted relative to the bearing layers vertically and horizontally to obtain a tongue-and-groove joint of the blocks, which completely isolates the bearing layers from each other with heat-insulating layers along the edges of the block in the contact zone with the adhesive mixture, characterized in that the concrete jumpers in one heat-insulating layer are shifted relative to the jumpers in another heat-insulating layer to the maximum the possible value and have the cross-sectional size necessary to ensure structural strength, and with a tongue-and-groove connection, the adhesive layer having the highest thermal conductivity, in percent sse mounting torn 5 segments corresponding to the number of layers.

1.2.1 A multilayer thermoblock consists of five layers: three structural bearing ones, made of foam concrete or expanded clay concrete, which are a single monolithic spatial element (matrix) (1), two layers are heat-insulating (2), and are made of polystyrene (for example, polystyrene foam or other materials with similar properties) (Fig.1-4).

1.2.2 In the insulating layers are openings, "mirror" shifted relative to each other in each layer (Figure 2). The holes should be at least three in each layer for the formation of monolithic jumpers (3) (Figure 3), providing the necessary strength of the connection layers during filling. The cross-sectional shape of the jumpers may be different. The insulating layers are shifted vertically and horizontally relative to the bearing layers to a depth sufficient for the formation of the tongue-and-groove connection of the thermoblocks. Thus, two rows of tongue-and-groove vertical and horizontal elements are formed, which significantly increase the heat-shielding properties of the masonry, as well as completely eliminating its blowing. The tongue-and-groove connection of the blocks significantly improves the quality of installation. Along the edges of the block in the area of contact with the adhesive mixture, the building layers are completely insulated from each other by thermal insulating layers. Application of the adhesive layer with the help of a small mechanization device can minimize the cost of adhesive mixtures and significantly improve the quality of masonry, productivity and reduce heat loss on suture joints. With a tongue-and-groove connection, the adhesive layer having the highest thermal conductivity, during installation, breaks into 5 segments (according to the number of layers), thereby increasing the overall thermal resistance of the building envelope.

1.2.3. To facilitate the installation of corner structures created corner elements of a multilayer fuser (Fig.5-6).

When using a multilayer fuser for the manufacture of enclosing structures in frame-monolithic multi-storey construction, the main serious advantage is revealed - this is the absence of the need to install scaffolding, which gives a significant economic effect. There is no need for scaffolding, since high-quality insulation has already been completed in the process of masonry work, and the lining of multi-storey buildings can be carried out in parallel with the laying of blocks inside the building being erected. Thermal insulation layers made of expanded polystyrene inside the concrete block do not burn, therefore, the proposed multilayer thermal block has improved fire-fighting properties.

There is a significant saving in time, labor costs, and, consequently, a sharp increase in economic indicators of construction, while improving the quality of work.

2. A method for manufacturing a multilayer thermoblock has been developed, which includes loading concrete into the molding cavity, leveling the surface, vibration sealing under a vibroload, separating from the cavity, which differs from the prototype in that, instead of retractable hollow punches that hold the insulating insert (diaphragm) in the prototype, thermal insulation layers of foam plastic is vertically fixed in the molding cavity (4) before filling with the help of vertical and horizontal grooves (5) in the lateral and lower parts of the molding cavity and, into which heat-insulating layers are tightly inserted, they are fixed from above by clamping strips (6), which rigidly fix them inside the molding cavity during the pouring process (Fig. 7).

2.1. The method of manufacturing a multilayer thermoblock differs from the prototype so much that a technical result that is impossible for the prototype appears - the separation of the mold for vibrocompression with heat-insulating layers allows pouring the external concrete building layer simultaneously with the internal (from expanded clay) concrete mixture with different (visual and strength) properties, when this layers are firmly connected to each other inside the jumpers (3) in the process of vibropressing. In the analogue "Concrete building block" RU 2317381 C1 class. E04C 1/40, “Multilayer building block” RU 2317381 C1 cl. E04C 1/40 an attempt was made to join concrete layers with different visual and strength qualities through a foam layer using metal, plastic or fiberglass rods by successive horizontal pouring of load-bearing building layers and horizontal laying of a heat-insulating layer between them, but with this method the strength of the connection of the building layers low and impossible to accurately maintain the specified thickness of concrete layers.

3. For the manufacture of a multilayer thermoblock, a device was created comprising a molding cavity formed by the hinge side planes, vibroload, vibration table, formwork mechanism, power drive, molding cavity (4) A device for manufacturing a multilayer thermoblock differs from the prototype in that there are no sliding punches in the molding cavity - hollow formers holding the heat-insulating insert (diaphragm), but vertical and horizontal grooves are made in the lateral and lower parts of the molding cavity itself (5) sufficient depth for the formation of tongue-and-groove elements of thermoblocks and a width sufficient for tight entry and fixing heat-insulating layers that rigidly fix the heat-insulating layers inside the molding cavity (4), as well as the upper clamping plate (6), for rigidly fixing the heat-insulating layers in the mold when casting (Fig.7). The execution of the supporting structure of the block (matrix) is possible both by the method of vibrocompression and by filling with foam concrete. When the supporting structure of the block is made of foam concrete, the molds are poured into cassettes.

Claims (4)

1. A multilayer thermal block for construction, containing a rigid spatial element — a matrix, the block consisting of three load-bearing concrete layers and two heat-insulating foam layers located between them, for example polystyrene foam, having openings for connecting three concrete layers into a single monolithic structure using the formation of monolithic jumpers during pouring, and the insulating layers are shifted relative to the bearing layers vertically and horizontally to obtain a tongue-and-groove connection of the blocks, which isolates the carrier layers from each other with heat-insulating layers at the edges of the block in the area of contact with the adhesive mixture, characterized in that the concrete lintels in one heat-insulating layer are shifted relative to the jumpers in another heat-insulating layer by the maximum possible value and have a section size necessary to ensure structural strength and when the tongue-and-groove connection, the adhesive layer having the highest thermal conductivity, during installation is torn into 5 segments, respectively, the number of layers. 2. A multilayer thermal block for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that it is angular. 3. A method of manufacturing a multilayer fuser according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising loading concrete into the molding cavity, leveling the surface, vibration sealing under a vibroload, separation from the cavity, characterized in that the thermal insulation layers of foam, such as polystyrene foam, are vertically fixed in the molding cavity prior to pouring with the help of grooves in the lateral and lower parts of the mold, fix with a clamping bar on top, at the same time fill in the outer and inner building layers with concrete mixtures with various E and strength properties, connected layers with each other inside the webs during vibration pressing. 4. A device for manufacturing a multilayer fuser according to any one of claims 1 and 2, comprising a molding cavity formed by the flap planes, a vibroload, a vibrating table, a formwork mechanism, a power drive, characterized in that the side and lower parts of the molding cavity have grooves of sufficient depth for the formation of tongue-and-groove elements of thermoblocks, and a width sufficient for tight entry and fixing of heat-insulating layers, as well as upper clamping strips for rigidly fixing heat-insulating layers in the form of and fill.

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