RU13902U1 - LAYING EXTERIOR WALLS OF LARGE-FORMAT CERAMIC STONES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The masonry of the outer walls of large-format ceramic stones, including the main rows in the form of internal versts of large-format ceramic stones with through vertical slit-like voids, interconnected by layers of a building mortar of horizontal mortar joints, and external versts from the front faces of the ceramic bricks located with the spoon faces, connected with internal versts of large-format ceramic stones with mortar layers of vertical longitudinal mortar joints and having in each main row of masonry, the overall height equal to the height of large-format ceramic stone of the inner verst, and alternating rows of rows alternating with the main rows, characterized in that each main row of masonry is made in the form of one inner verst of large-format ceramic stones located to the facade with bonded faces and connected each other with locking butt joints, a groove-protrusion formed by alternating protrusions and grooves made on the spoon-shaped faces of large-format ceramic stones, and three spoons versts of front ceramic bricks, and each horizontal mortar seam has a mortar underlay placed on the upper beds of large-format ceramic stones and made in the form of a grid of synthetic material, such as fiberglass, while the laying rows are made in the form of metal anchors located in the layer mortar of horizontal mortar joints of internal from large-format ceramic stones and external from front ceramic bricks of versts, above vertical

Description

Masonry of external walls made of large-format ceramic stones

The proposed utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to wall masonry made of large-format ceramic stones with cladding, and can be used in the construction of external walls of medium - and multi-storey residential and industrial buildings.

Known is the masonry of external walls made of large-format ceramic stones, described in the building block and including bonded layers of large-sized multi-gap ceramic stones with vertical slotted voids, central through cavity with two-stage protrusions on the spoon-shaped sides of the stones and a pattern connected to each other by the layers of stone beds arranged along the edges of the bed of stones. imitating masonry, located on the facade of the stone, while the ceramic stones in the masonry are shifted m on a shelf and form adjacent cavities in the areas of their vertical joints with two-stage protrusions, in some of which heat-insulating bags are located, for example, from expanded polystyrene, and in others - cast mortar / 1 /.

This design of masonry of the outer walls of large-format multi-slit ceramic muffins, due to filling the cavities of the vertical joints with an effective insulation and cast solution, ensures the alignment of the temperature field of the wall and its solidity, which increases its heat-shielding properties and strength.

However, the presence of vertical joints with cast mortar in such a masonry causes the presence of cold bridges, leading to a decrease in its resistance to heat transfer and, therefore, to a decrease in the heat-shielding properties of such an external wall masonry.

In addition, the location of the layers of the binder solution only along the edges of the bed of stones of bonded worms (8-10 cm wide) can lead to a decrease in the shear density of the stones in the masonry, and, therefore, its strength, especially when erecting multi-story buildings, and the masonry cladding in the form imitating brickwork pattern applied to the facade side of the stone in the manufacture of raw materials will lead to frequent repairs of the facade of the building, especially in areas with a cold climate, and, consequently, to reduce its durability.

Masonry made of large-format (slotted) ceramic stones is also known, including the main rows of internal bonded mounds made of large-format ceramic blocks and (facing) spoon versts made of facing ceramic bricks and laying (dressing) rows of facial ceramic bricks arranged in every two main rows in the form of an external bonded and internal spoonful versts, while the thickness of horizontal and vertical mortar joints in the outer (facing) versts is respectively 10-15 mm and 8-15 mm / 2 /.

The presence of a separate facing layer in this design of masonry in the form of spoonful versts of front ceramic bricks and its five-row dressing with inner versts of large-format (multi-gap) ceramic stones, as well as the presence of cushioning rows of front ceramic bricks provides an increase in strength and durability compared to the previous analogue such an external wall masonry.

However, on the other hand, the presence of cushioning rows in the indicated construction of the masonry necessitates their additional dressing both with spoon mops of face bricks and with tying mops of large-format ceramic stones, which complicates the masonry and reduces its economy, and the presence in this masonry a large number of horizontal and vertical longitudinal and transverse mortar joints causes an increase in cold bridges, which also lead to a decrease in the heat-shielding properties of such a masonry of external walls.

The masonry of the outer walls of large-format ceramic stones closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed utility model is also known, including the main rows in the form of internal spoon versts made of large-format ceramic stones and external versts made of facing ceramic bricks located to the facade with spoon faces connected to internal versts from large-format ceramic stones with layers of mortar of general horizontal mortar joints and a layer of mortar of general a vertical longitudinal seam and with masonry in each main row of masonry equal to the height of large-format ceramic stone of the inner verst, and alternating with the main spacer rows in the form of an external bonded and internal spoon verst from front bricks, with each main row of masonry made in the form of one internal spoon versts from large-format stones and two spoon versts from front ceramic bricks, and the thickness of the mortar layers in the general horizontal and vertical mortar joints of the masonry is thinning at least 10mm / 3 /.

-3 walls by reducing the number of cushion rows in it.

The disadvantage of this masonry - the prototype is its low resistance to heat transfer, due to the lack of voidness in the cross section of the internal versts of masonry made of large-format ceramic stones due to their location to the wall facade with spoon faces and the presence of cold bridges caused by mortar joints of the laying rows of the masonry and the mortar getting into vertical slit voids of large-format ceramic stones. All this leads to low heat-shielding properties of masonry exterior walls. In addition, the presence of cushioning rows made of front ceramic bricks and the need for their additional dressing with the outer and inner versts of the main rows of the masonry also complicates the design of such a masonry and reduces its efficiency.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the heat-shielding properties of masonry of external walls made of large-format ceramic stones by increasing the voidness in the cross section of its inner moulders and eliminating cold bridges caused by mortar seams of laying rows of masonry made of facing ceramic bricks and the mortar falling into the vertical voids of large-format ceramic stones, as well as simplifying the design of the masonry and increasing its efficiency due to the lack of the accountant series of facial clay bricks.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the masonry of the outer walls of large-format ceramic stones, including the main rows in the form of internal versts of large-format ceramic stones with through vertical slit-like voids, connected by a mecca-layers-building mortar; -4 a door of horizontal mortar joints, and external versts from the front ceramic bricks located to the facade with spoon faces connected to the inner versts of large-format ceramic stones by layers of mortar according to the utility model, each main row of masonry is made in the form of one inner verst from large-format ceramic stones in each longitudinal row of mortars and having in each main row of masonry a total height equal to the height of a large-format ceramic stone of the inner verst, and alternating with the main rows of the laying rows. located to the facade with bonded faces and connected to each other by locking butt joints of the groove-protrusion, formed by alternating protrusions and grooves made on spoon faces large-format ceramic stones, and three spoon versts of facing ceramic bricks, and each horizontal mortar seam has a mortar underlay placed on the upper beds of large-format ceramic stones and made in the form of a mesh of synthetic material, for example fiberglass, while the laying rows are made in the form metal anchors located in the mortar layer of horizontal mortar joints of internal from large-format ceramic stones and external of facial ke amicheskih bricks of miles above the vertical longitudinal seams, with the same pitch along the miles of masonry.

At the same time, the thickness of the solution layer of horizontal mortar joints of the inner and outer masonry versts can be determined not less than 12 mm, and vertical longitudinal mortar joints of the masonry - not less than 10 mm.

a solid solution of horizontal and vertical mortar joints - from a mixture of cement with aerated concrete chips with a density of 1100 kg / m.

The specified implementation of the main rows of masonry allows to increase the heat transfer resistance by increasing the voidness of the cross section of the inner masonry versts of large-format ceramic stones, due to their location to the masonry facade with bonded faces and their facing with three spoonful versts of front ceramic bricks, which improves the heat-shielding properties of the external wall masonry compared to the prototype.

The connection of large-format ceramic stones to each other in each inner verst in the form of a butt joint of a groove - protrusion formed by the spoon faces of the stones made in this way, and the arrangement of non-woven laying on the upper beds of stones, allows, on the one hand, to eliminate the need for vertical transverse mortar joints in the inner versts of large-format ceramic stones, causing the formation of cold bridges, and, on the other hand, to preserve the emptiness of the stones an exception Niemi falling mortar in their vertical slit-like voids. All this, in the end, provides increased resistance to heat transfer of the masonry and, therefore, an increase in its heat-shielding properties compared to the prototype.

The implementation of laying rows of masonry in the form of metal anchors located in horizontal mortar seams of the outer and inner versts in this way ensures, in comparison with the prototype, the elimination of the laying rows of front ceramic bricks, causing the appearance of additional mortar joints in the masonry, and, therefore, cold bridges, and also when achieving the required strength of the masonry, it simplifies its design and improves efficiency compared to the prototype.

The choice of the thickness of the layers of the solution of horizontal and vertical longitudinal mortar joints of the masonry of not less than the specified values allows to reduce the required strength to increase the heat-shielding properties of the masonry in comparison with the prototype.

The execution of large-format stones from porous ceramics and layers of mortar joints - from the specified mixture with low thermal conductivity also allows to increase the heat transfer resistance and, therefore, the heat-shielding properties of the masonry of the external walls in comparison with the prototype.

Thus, a comparison of the proposed utility model with the prototype showed that it differs from the latter in the execution of its internal and external mounds, as well as the laying rows of the masonry of the external walls, which allows us to conclude that it meets the novelty criterion.

The application of the proposed utility model in the field of construction in the construction of the outer walls of medium and multi-story residential and industrial buildings provides the criterion of industrial applicability.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed masonry walls made of large-format ceramic stones with a front layer of facial ceramic bricks (vertical section);

figure 2 is a General view of a large-format ceramic stone of the inner verst (in a perspective view): the stone is depicted with spoon faces up;

cut) with a gasket in a horizontal mortar joint and a metal anchor in the mortar joint layer;

figure 5 is a General view of the facade of the proposed masonry of the outer wall.

The proposed masonry of the outer walls of large-format ceramic stones includes the main rows in the form of internal horizontal versts of large-format ceramic stones, interconnected by layers of mortar horizontal mortar joints 2, and external facing versts of front ceramic bricks 3, interconnected by layers of horizontal mortar mortar joints 4 and vertical transverse mortar joints 5, as well as with internal versts from large-format ceramic stones of 1 layer mi vertical vertical mortar joints 6, alternating with the main rows of laying rows and the inner plaster layer 7. Each main row of masonry is made in the form of one inner verst of large-format ceramic stones 1 and three spoonfuls of front ceramic bricks 3 with a total height / g, equal height AND of large-format ceramic stone 1 and with a common horizontal mortar seam formed by horizontal mortar seams 2 and 4. Each inner verst is made of large-format ceramic stones th 1 with through vertical slit-like voids 8 located parallel to its bonded edges 9, and with alternating trapezoidal protrusions 10 and grooves I located on parallel spoon-shaped edges of stone 1. Large-format ceramic stones 1 of the internal versts are located in the inner verst to the facade with bonded edges 9 and are joined together by spoon faces in such a way that alternating protrusions 10 and grooves 11 form vertical transverse seams of masonry stones in the form of castle joints 12 groove-protrusion.

Horizontal mortar seams 2 of internal bonded mounds made of large-format ceramic stones 1 have non-woven gaskets 13 placed under the mortar layer on the upper beds 14 of large-format ceramic stones 1 and made in the form of a mesh of synthetic material, for example, fiberglass. The thickness of the layer of mortar of horizontal mortar joints of 2 internal holes is defined as not less than 12 mm (for example 10 mm), and the thickness of the layer of mortar of vertical longitudinal joints of 6 specified at least 10 mm (for example 10 mm). Moreover, the thickness of the layer of mortar of horizontal mortar joints of 4 outer holes is set equal to the thickness 0. of the mortar layer of horizontal mortar joints 2 internal holes, and the thickness of the layer of vertical transverse mortar joints 5 is equal to the thickness D of the mortar layer of vertical longitudinal mortar joints 6. The gap ci of the butt joints O 12 compounds groove-protrusion large format ceramic stones 1 Internal vents is O, 5-1,5mm and thickness: inner stucco layer 7 - 15mm..

Large-format ceramic stones 1 are made in volume of fifteen conventional bricks (15 / tF) of porous ceramics with a size of 510 260 219 mm. with voidness of 46%, weighing 23 kg. Facing ceramic bricks of 3 external versts have a size of 250 120x65mm, 38% voidness and weight 2.34kg. The inner plaster layer is made of gypsum. The mortar of horizontal 3 and vertical 4 mortar joints is cement with aerated concrete chips with a density of IOOkg / m, which provides the solution with low thermal conductivity.

In this case, the thickness of the masonry of the outer wall 5 with a length of ceramic stone 1 equal to 510 mm and a width / and front brick 3 of 120 mm., Together with a thickness of a vertical longitudinal mortar joint 6 of 10 mm and a thickness of 3 internal pieces

the focal layer 7 equal to 15 mm will be 655 mm (see FigL). The laying masonry rows are made in the form of metal anchors 15, for example, stainless steel, and are rods with ends 16 and 17 bent to opposite sides, placed in the mortar layer of horizontal mortar joints 2 and 4 of the internal and external masonry holes, respectively with a given step, for example 500mm, along the masonry. At the same time, each anchor 15 in the horizontal seam 2 is located at one end 16 above the large-format ceramic stone 1 of the inner verst, and the other end 17 over the front brick 3 of the outer verst, and its middle part is above the vertical longitudinal seam 6 of each main masonry row.

The outer versts of face bricks 3 and the inner versts of large-format ceramic stones 1 are made with dressing for half a brick (see, Fig. 5) and half the length of stone 1 (to hell, not indicated). Large-format ceramic stones 1 of the internal versts also have two through-hole vertical holes 18 of square section symmetrically located relative to the axis of the stone 1 under the grippers for transferring the stone (see, FIG. 2).

The proposed masonry of the outer wall of large-format ceramic stones is as follows.

Initially, foundation 19 is laid, for example, from concrete slabs (see, Fig. 1), a waterproofing layer on top of the foundation (not shown for hell) and a mortar layer of a given thickness Sb () equal to a width equal to the length of large-format ceramic stone 1 (510 mm). Then, on the solution layer with a thickness of CL, lay the first inner verst of large-format ceramic stones with 1 bonded faces to the facade. Stacking of stones 1 is done by tightly dry jointing a groove-protrusion with each previous stacked stone 1 while maintaining a given clearance

(, 5 - 1.5mm) (see Fig. 2).

For the convenience of moving the stone to the masonry, the stone is captured using special grippers (not shown in the drawing), which are inserted into the through holes 18 of the stone (see Fig. 5). When the stone 1 is lifted by the gripper handles, the latter are anchored in the holes , and allow you to conveniently transfer stone 1 to the masonry. According to the laid out verst from large-format ceramic stones 1, length j of 510 mm. lay the gasket 13 in the form of a grid directly on the upper beds of 14 stones 1, and then again apply a layer of a solution of a given thickness ct of horizontal joints 2 on the gasket using a special mobile mortar-spreader (not shown for hell), which rolls the Ig gasket from the bobbin . in the form of meshes prevents the solution from entering vertical slotted voids .8 stones 1, preserving their voidness and, therefore, increasing the heat-shielding properties of the outer wall.

After laying the first inner verst from large-format ceramic stones 1, lay out three versts from front bricks 3 with a width m - (m l2Qww} with spoon faces to the facade with a gap forming a vertical longitudinal mortar joint b filled with a solution layer with a thickness of 10 mm.

Three outer versts of front ceramic bricks 3 are laid on a mortar layer with a thickness of CL equal to 12 mm, shifted by half a brick relative to each other until a total height equal to the height And large-format ceramic stone 1 of the inner verst is reached. After that, on the mortar layer of the upper horizontal seam 8 of the laid main rows with the same predetermined pitch along the outer and inner verst make laying of rows of rows - metal anchors 15, recessing them in a horizontal solution layer

what

mortar seam 2 ..,

Next, the process is repeated in the same sequence. Tests carried out to determine the thermal performance of this masonry of an external wall with a thickness of b55 mm from large-sized porous stones 15NF, veneered with external hollow bricks (GOST 7484) and with internal plaster

layer (gypsum plaster, density 1200 kg / m) showed that

actual value of the reduced heat transfer resistance

for this masonry was 3.17m ° C / W, which meets the second stage of the requirements of SN and PP - 3 - 79 Construction heat engineering

Design standards implemented since 01/01/2000

Thus, the proposed masonry of the outer walls of large-sized ceramic stones allows to increase the heat transfer resistance, due to the increase in voidness in the cross section of the masonry wall and the reduction of cold bridges, which improves the heat-shielding properties of the masonry of the outer walls without increasing the wall thickness compared to the prototype.

In addition, the proposed masonry of the outer wall eliminates false (dressing) rows of front bricks, which also simplifies its design and increases efficiency compared to the prototype.

The use of the proposed masonry of external walls in civil and industrial buildings will reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources, as well as maintain the durability of the external walls and the environmental cleanliness of the premises, due to the exclusion of the use of chemical fiber insulation. x Sources of information:

1.Aut. Testimonial. USSR No. 1520215, Е04С 1/08, 1989, BI No. 41.

2.S.B.Dekhtyar Masonry made of effective ceramics. State Publishing House tech. literature of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev, 1953, p. 45, fig. 28g.

3.S.B. Dekhtyar and others.

Effective ceramic constructions. Gosstroyizdat, USSR, Kiev, 1958, p. 80, Fig. 66 - Prototype.

Claims (3)

1. The masonry of the outer walls of large-format ceramic stones, including the main rows in the form of internal versts of large-format ceramic stones with through vertical slit-like voids, interconnected by layers of a building mortar of horizontal mortar joints, and external versts from the front faces of the ceramic bricks located with the spoon faces, connected with internal versts of large-format ceramic stones with mortar layers of vertical longitudinal mortar joints and having in each main row of masonry, the total height equal to the height of a large-format ceramic stone of the inner verst, and alternating rows with the main rows, characterized in that each main row of masonry is made in the form of one inner verst of large-format ceramic stones located to the facade with bonded faces and connected each other with locking butt joints, a groove-protrusion formed by alternating protrusions and grooves made on the spoon-shaped faces of large-format ceramic stones, and three spoons versts of front ceramic bricks, and each horizontal mortar seam has a mortar underlay placed on the upper beds of large-format ceramic stones and made in the form of a grid of synthetic material, for example fiberglass, with the laying rows made in the form of metal anchors located in the layer mortar of horizontal mortar joints of internal from large-format ceramic stones and external from front ceramic bricks of versts, above vertical nymi seams, with the same pitch along the miles of masonry.  2. The masonry of the outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the solution layer of the horizontal mortar joints of the inner and outer versts of the masonry is determined at least 12 mm, and the vertical longitudinal mortar joints of the masonry - at least 10 mm. 3. The masonry of the outer walls according to claim 1, characterized in that the large-format ceramic stones of the inner masonry are made of porous ceramic, and the layers of the mortar of horizontal and vertical mortar joints are made of a mixture of cement with aerated concrete chips with a density of 1100 kg / m ³ .