RU2547889C2 - Wall masonry (versions) and method to erect this masonry (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: wall masonry comprising row placement of construction blocks, each representing a rectangular parallelepiped with through holes in the form of slots or pores in a body and with side faces, having ledges and grooves for engagement in a row accordingly with grooves and ledges of a joined construction block. In each row construction blocks are arranged with cavities upwards and are tied to each other with masonry mortar, horizontally laid between rows and vertically laid between joined sides of construction blocks in each row. The masonry is equipped with inserts from heat insulation material in the form of plates joined to each other along the length with thickness that is not more than the thickness of the layer of the horizontally laid masonry mortar, at the same time the specified inserts in the position joined to each other along the length are laid along the row of construction blocks, and on top of these construction blocks in their central part, and the horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these construction blocks at the sides from the inserts. Also versions of masonry are described, as well as methods for erection of wall masonry.

EFFECT: improved operating properties of masonry, reduced heat conductivity of a horizontal joint of masonry and wall as a whole.

5 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to the construction of wall masonry from large-format building blocks or bricks having a large number of through voids in the body, and the method of masonry from them, and can be used in the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures.

Large-format ceramic blocks with various options for internal partitions and a large number of them along the length and width of the block are currently being produced on the market. Such blocks have only through voids. Multi-hollow stone or silicate blocks made by the same technology are on the market. This technical solution is aimed at forming a longer path of heat flow inside the block, and air in the through voids is used as a natural heat insulation inside the blocks. There are blocks that show good thermal conductivity and can be suitable even for laying single-layer walls. But large-format blocks also have a drawback: the design of all blocks is such that with spoon laying in any case 1: 1, or 1: 2, or 1: 3/4 always leads to the formation of a cold bridge in the horizontal masonry seam of the masonry, which negates all the advantages of such blocks, making the wall freezing / warming up and low heat-efficient. Therefore, manufacturers of such blocks strongly recommend using special technology and special masonry glue when laying. Such an adhesive has properties different from the standard masonry mortar of type M150 or M300, which are contained in the adhesive effect of the composition and low fluidity. At the same time, the blocks using this technology are actually glued in order to minimize the height of the masonry mortar.

However, this technology has obvious disadvantages:

- a wall made using this technology, due to the thin layer and the specifics of the properties of the special masonry glue, has low strength indicators;

- it is impossible to strengthen such masonry by placing reinforcement or masonry mesh in the masonry mortar, which also reduces the strength capabilities of such walls and can lead to wall cracks even with not significant subsidence of the soil and foundations;

- the high cost of masonry glue, the impossibility of replacing it with masonry mortar.

To eliminate these shortcomings, the LSR Group of Companies (Russia, RU) under the trade name RAUF designed a large-format brick in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. This brick along the large sides has protrusions and depressions for forming castle joints with abutting brick, while masonry mortar is introduced into the cavity between the abutting sides and between the castle elements. A large number of slotted through holes (porous brick) are made in the brick body, which are designed to break cold bridges. Bricks are laid out along the facade of the wall with small lateral sides, which can be considered as spoon faces. By analogy, the remaining faces can be considered as bonded (large sides) and bed (for the formation of a horizontal masonry seam). Such bricks in the wall masonry can be located in any version of the overlapping rows: 1: 1 or 1: 2 or 1: 3/4 (Article “Oversized porous brick” posted on the official website of “Rauf - Victory Technologies” of LSR Group of Companies in the on-line mode online access to the Internet at: http://www.rauf.ru/primenenie/kladka, discovered in January 2013). This decision was made as a prototype.

Before the start of masonry, the prepared mortar is spread on the waterproofing with an even layer 2-3 cm thick. During the masonry, the brick is adjusted to the level of the stretched thread, which reflects the direction and evenness of the masonry. The seam between the rows of brickwork after laying the brick is 10-12 mm. When erecting a RAUF brick wall, it is recommended to use a special plastic or fiberglass mesh with a thread thickness of up to 1 mm and a cross section of 5 × 5 mm, which helps reduce mortar consumption and prevents the solution from entering the voids of the brick. The types of wall masonry made of large-format ceramic stones are based on a single-row dressing system. It provides mutual dressing of stones by the amount in the half-stone of each row along the length of the masonry.

In this famous masonry, there was an attempt to solve two serious problems. The first is that during the construction of porous brick masonry when laying masonry mortar of type M150 or M300, part of the solution enters the voids and fills them, clogging the holes. In this case, the heat-conducting properties of the masonry are reduced, since artificially created short cold bridges arise, this is undesirable, since the formation of slotted through holes in a very large amount in the brick body is precisely created to increase the path of the cold or warm stream. Clogging the holes results in a loss of this quality.

The second problem is that for such masonry, LSR Group of Companies uses a special masonry mortar under the trade name RAUF Thermo. RAUF Thermo is a masonry mortar containing light mineral filler - perlite. This solution has a similar coefficient of thermal conductivity with large-format porous stones, due to which a masonry joint made of such a material retains four times more heat than a cement-sand mortar. In addition, the markability of RAUF Thermo lightweight solutions optimally matches the strength characteristics of RAUF ceramic stones. The assortment includes solutions with strength brands M35, M50, M75 and M100.

This solution has less fluidity, which minimizes the flow of it into the pores of the brick. But the use of this special masonry mortar seriously increases the cost of masonry and makes construction organizations - consumers of RAUF bricks dependent on the ability of LSR Group of Companies to fill the market according to demand.

In addition, between the rows in the masonry of RAUF bricks, laying of a polymer mesh of 0.5 m × 100 cm is provided, which helps to reduce the consumption of the mortar and does not allow the mortar to get into the voids of the brick. Despite the originality of the solution, the use of a grid does not solve the problem of excluding a cold bridge in a horizontal masonry seam. This is due to the fact that with a horizontal masonry joint thickness of 10-12 mm, the mesh has a thread thickness of up to 1 mm. Therefore, this mesh is simply buried in the seam and does not form a barrier to cold flow, and with such a thickness the seam itself is a direct bridge of the cold and transmits heat flux.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the operational properties of the masonry by reducing the thermal conductivity of the horizontal masonry joint of the masonry and the wall as a whole from porous building blocks or large-format bricks.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the masonry, consisting of a row placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row, respectively with hollows and protrusions of the joined building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upward voids and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between in rows and vertically laid between the lateral sides of the building blocks in each row, it is equipped with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness of not more than the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these inserts are stacked between each other along the length along a series of building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part, and a horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface rhnosti these building blocks on both sides of the inserts.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the masonry, consisting of a row placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row, respectively with hollows and protrusions of the joined building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upward voids and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between in rows on top of the grid, laid on top of the building blocks of this row, and vertically laid between the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row, it is equipped with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these liners are stacked along the length of the position laid along a number of building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part, and horizontally the laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on the grid on the sides of the inserts.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the masonry, consisting of a row placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row, respectively with hollows and protrusions of the joined building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upward voids and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between in rows on top of the grid, laid on top of the building blocks of this row, and vertically laid between the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row, it is equipped with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these liners are stacked along the length of the stacked along a number of building blocks and from above in the central part on a grid located on top of these building blocks, and horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on the grid on the sides of the inserts.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting wall masonry from building blocks with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the joined building block, which consists in placing on the supporting surface of the base row of interconnected masonry mortar through the sides with protrusions and troughs of building blocks, laying masonry mortar from above on building blocks oki of the base row and placing on the base row of the next row interconnected masonry mortar through the sides with projections and depressions of the building blocks with repeating the process of laying the next rows of building blocks, before laying the masonry mortar on top of each laid row of building blocks directly or laid on top of this row of mesh is placed by inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the horizontally laid layer o masonry mortar, while these liners are stacked together along the length of the position is laid along a number of building blocks in their central zone.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting wall masonry from building blocks with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the joined building block, which consists in placing on the supporting surface of the base row of interconnected masonry mortar through the sides with projections and depressions of building blocks, laying masonry mortar on top of the building block and the base row and the placement on the base row of the next row of interconnected masonry mortar through the lateral sides with the protrusions and depressions of the building blocks with the repetition of the laying process of the next rows of building blocks, before laying the masonry mortar on top of each stacked row of building blocks, inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, and then along the edges of the insert breathing on the building blocks lay a grid, while these liners are stacked together along the length of the position is laid along a number of building blocks in their central zone.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

Figure 1 shows a first example of wall masonry;

figure 2 shows a second example of masonry;

figure 3 shows a third example of masonry;

figure 4 - shows a fourth example of masonry;

5 is a first example of the execution of the liner;

6 is a second example of execution of the liner;

Fig.7 is a third embodiment of the liner;

Fig. 8 is a fourth embodiment of an insert;

Fig.9 is a fifth embodiment of the liner;

figure 10 is a sixth embodiment of the liner;

11 is a seventh example of the performance of the liner;

12 is an eighth embodiment of a liner;

Fig. 13 is a ninth embodiment of a liner;

Fig. 14 is a tenth embodiment of a liner.

According to the present invention, a wall masonry structure with high thermal insulation properties is considered due to the introduction of heat-insulating inserts 2 into the horizontally laid masonry mortar between the rows of building blocks 1, which are guaranteed to break the cold bridge in the horizontal masonry seam 3 of the masonry in the direction from the outer surface of the wall to the inner one.

We are talking about wall masonry made of building blocks 1, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes 4 (voids) in the form of slots or pores in the body and with sides 5 (faces) having projections 6 and depressions 7 for interaction in a row, respectively, with depressions and protrusions of the joined building block.

Wall masonry consists of a row placement of building blocks 1, while in each row the building blocks are hollowed up and interconnected by a masonry mortar horizontally laid 3 between the rows and vertically laid 8 between the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row.

Inserts 2 of heat-insulating material are laid in the wall masonry in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these inserts are stacked along the length of the length along a series of building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part.

Regarding the thickness of the liners, it should be indicated that it is preferable that their thickness be equal to the thickness of the joint of the masonry mortar. That is, for this option, the liner is simply laid on the building block and pressed by the upper building block without the presence of masonry mortar on the surface of the liner. This is an ideal case, since with this arrangement the liner completely covers the cold bridge. If the liner is laid on the grid, then the thickness of the liner may be equal to the thickness of the seam minus the thickness of the grid. But this does not limit the use of inserts with a thickness less than the thickness of the seam: the inserts can be thin and stacked in height two in height, or the insert can be sunk in the thickness of the layer of masonry mortar. The minimized layers of the solution on the liner with respect to the common seam do not significantly affect the formation of developed cold bridges.

The proposed solution is based on the use of a standard height in the middle of the masonry joint (the seam, as a rule, has a thickness of 6 mm to 14 mm) of a special internal heat-insulating liner 2, the width of which allows the base and upper blocks to be firmly bonded to each other without compromising the heat-conducting properties of such masonry. Walls formed by this technology can be used as single-layer, if this allows the coefficient value for used large-format ceramic bricks, or multi-hollow stone or silicate blocks. For the middle strip of Russia, it is sufficient to use a liner 100 mm wide, for example, from facade foam 25F and higher.

The insert 2 in the basic version has the shape of a flat parallelepiped or a rectangular plate in plan view (figure 5). It can be in a horizontal section a square or a rectangle, and also in the form of a triangle or a polyhedron, that is, in a shape that allows forming a continuous strip of the required width in a horizontal masonry mortar in the horizontal plane when joined.

The insert may have a joint system of the type “groove-crest" 9 (Fig.6, 7, 10, 11 and 14) for a more precise direction of the formed strip from the inserts, or "father-mother" 10 for better rigid fixation and elimination of displacement during laying on top of the row block, or a combined version, when one insert has a system of mutual fastening on the butt and spoon sides.

The liner 2 may be hollow (Fig.9-11). Voids can be of various geometric shapes in the basic version - a square or a rectangle. In this case, such a liner can be made of a heat-insulating material, as well as of other insulating and structural material (for example, plastic, polymer, foam, wood, etc.), while the void inside such a liner can be left empty when laying (figure 2) or to be filled with an additional insert 11 (figure 2) of a material with much higher thermal insulation properties.

The spoon sides of the liner may additionally have special protrusions 12 or recesses to increase the adhesion between the liner and the masonry mortar to add rigidity to the entire masonry as a whole (Fig. 12).

The technical result is achieved in that the heat-insulating liner is guaranteed to break the cold bridge in the horizontal masonry seam of the masonry.

Such a liner in its lower part to increase the heat-insulating properties during masonry can be combined (glued) with a mesh 13 with a mesh size of 1-2 mm to 12-14 mm in any known technologically applicable way, to prevent “misfiring” of the masonry mortar in the slots of large-format ceramic brick or multi-block block.

The grid prevents “falling” of the masonry mortar into voids, thereby preventing the deterioration of the thermophysical properties of the brick or blocks from which such masonry is being built. The grid can also be used separately, superimposed on the part where the laying of the masonry mortar is supposed, in the case of a protrusion beyond the dimensions, it is simply cut, thereby remaining inside the masonry. Laying according to standard technology will also allow additional reinforcement of such laying according to the standard scheme: for example, through 3 rows with reinforcing bars 14 or ordinary building mesh 15 of smaller width (Figs. 3 and 4).

The considered examples of the performance of the liner do not limit other options for its execution. For example, an insert (solid or hollow or combined) can be prefabricated integrally with the grid: as part of the grid or connected to the grid in any way known in the art (gluing, gluing, fusing, fusion, soldering, etc.). In this case, the insert is placed in such a way that the mesh protrudes from the side from two opposite sides with a width sufficient for laying on a large-format brick or a porous block with overlapping slots / and holes to prevent the masonry mortar from falling through in a horizontal seam. Thus, on the laid row, the grid is laid together with the insert attached to it, on the free sections of which the masonry mortar is subsequently laid out.

Using the liner and mesh allows you to create several options for wall masonry.

In all cases, the masonry consists of a row arrangement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having projections and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the mating a building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upwards and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between the rows and vertically laid between at the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row.

According to the first embodiment (Fig. 1) of the wall masonry, inserts of heat-insulating material are introduced into it in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar. At the same time, said liners are stacked along the length along a row of building blocks and directly on top of these building blocks in their central part, and a horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on the sides of the liners.

In this embodiment, the liners may be solid or hollow in the form of frames, the cavities of which may remain free and unfilled or may be filled with other liners (figure 2).

According to the second variant (figure 3) of the wall masonry, inserts of heat-insulating material are introduced into it in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar. And also introduced a grid located on top of the building blocks. In this embodiment, said liners are stacked along the length of a row along a row of building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part, and a horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on a grid on the sides of the liners.

In the third embodiment (Fig. 4), the construction blocks in each row are arranged with voids up and interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between the rows from above on a grid laid on top of the building blocks of this row, and vertically laid between the abutted sides of the building blocks in each row. And inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates that are joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar are laid along a number of building blocks and from above in the central part on a grid located on top of these building blocks. A horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on a grid on the sides of the inserts.

Depending on the chosen version of the wall masonry, when installing it, first on the supporting surface a base row of interconnected masonry mortar is placed through the sides with the protrusions and depressions of the building blocks.

And before laying the masonry mortar on top of the base row and on each stacked row of building blocks directly on these blocks or on top of the grid laid on top of this row, inserts of heat-insulating material are placed in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar wherein said liners are stacked along a lengthwise position along a number of building blocks in their central zone. And only after that the masonry mortar is applied either directly to the free sections of the blocks around the inserts, or to the grid located in these sections.

When choosing another masonry option, before laying the masonry mortar on top of each stacked row of building blocks, inserts of heat-insulating material are directly placed in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness of no more than the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, and then a grid is laid at the edges of the inserts on the building blocks wherein said liners are stacked along a lengthwise position along a number of building blocks in their central zone. And only after that put a masonry mortar on the mesh around the liners.

Claims (5)

1. Wall masonry, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the mating a building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upwards and interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between the rows and vertically laid between the joined the lateral sides of the building blocks in each row, characterized in that it is provided with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these inserts are stacked along the length along the row building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part, and a horizontally laid masonry mortar is placed on the remaining free surface of these building blocks on the sides of the liners. 2. Wall masonry, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having protrusions and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the mating building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upwards and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between the rows on top of the grid, laid on top of the building solid blocks of this row, and vertically laid between the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row, characterized in that it is provided with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates that are joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these inserts in a position joined together along the length, they are laid along a series of building blocks and on top of these building blocks in their central part, and a horizontally laid masonry Op placed on the remaining free surfaces of these building blocks in the mesh on the sides of the inserts. 3. Wall masonry, consisting of in-line placement of building blocks, each of which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having projections and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the mating building block, while in each row the building blocks are located upwards and are interconnected by masonry mortar, horizontally laid between the rows on top of the grid, laid on top of the building solid blocks of this row, and vertically laid between the abutting sides of the building blocks in each row, characterized in that it is provided with inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates that are joined along the length of each other with a thickness not exceeding the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while these inserts in a position aligned with each other along the length, they are laid along a series of building blocks and from above in their central part on a grid located on top of these building blocks, and the horizon cial Laid mortar is placed on the remaining free surfaces of these building blocks in the mesh on the sides of the inserts. 4. The method of erecting wall masonry from building blocks with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with side faces having projections and depressions for interaction in a row with depressions and protrusions of the joined building block, which consists in placing connected between each other with masonry mortar through the sides with protrusions and hollows of building blocks, laying masonry mortar on top of the building blocks of the base row and placing on the base row the following a series of interconnected masonry mortar through the sides with protrusions and depressions of the building blocks with the repetition of the laying process of the next rows of building blocks, characterized in that before laying the masonry mortar on top of each laid row of building blocks directly or placed on top of this row the grid is placed inserts of heat-insulating material in the form of plates joined along the length of each other with a thickness of not more than the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, while Ear those indicated in the coupled together position along the length laid along the row of building blocks in their central zone. 5. A method of erecting wall masonry from building blocks with through holes in the form of slots or pores in the body and with lateral faces having projections and depressions for interacting in a row with depressions and protrusions of the joined building block, which consists in placing connected between each other with masonry mortar through the sides with protrusions and hollows of building blocks, laying masonry mortar on top of the building blocks of the base row and placing on the base row the following a number of interconnected masonry mortar through the sides with protrusions and depressions of the building blocks with the repetition of the laying process of the next rows of building blocks, characterized in that before laying the masonry mortar on top of each stacked row of building blocks, liners of heat-insulating material are directly placed in the form of the length of the plates between them is not more than the thickness of the layer of horizontally laid masonry mortar, and then along the edges of the liners on the building blocks adyvayut grid, said inserts in the coupled between a lengthwise position along the row of stack building blocks in their central zone.

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