ES2393030B1 - MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR WALLS, TABIQUES, CLOSURES AND SIMILAR - Google Patents

Abstract

The modular construction system for walls, partitions, enclosures and the like consists of building walls, partitions, enclosures and the like with bricks, panels, blocks, tiles and the like (2, 2a), vertically tongue and groove with bricks, blocks, etc., contiguous by means of a projection, projection or tooth and a cavity in opposite edges, the projections and the cavities having a height or depth of between one and two times the width of the brick or block, etc., the cavity and the projection can be: a ) of triangular section, wedge or V (5 and 6) with an angle between 30º and 50º, b) of isosceles trapezoid section with its lateral faces inclined between 5 ° and 30 ° (5th and 6th) and c) of section rectangular (5b and 6b). The bricks can be solid, can have integrated gas, air or hollow microspheres or be crossed with transverse and / or longitudinal holes.

Description

MODULAR CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FOR WALLS, TABIQUES, CLOSURES AND SIMILAR FIELDS OF THE INVENTION.-In the construction of walls, partitions and enclosures by means of masonry. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE-At present the construction of buildings is carried out mainly by means of the superposition of the bricks, blocks, plates etc. EXISTING PROBLEM. The building is carried out in a slow, dirty or expensive way, with the staff needing a high degree of specialization.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION Provide a system for building walls, partitions, enclosures, etc. whose advantages consist in facilitating the construction in a simple, clean, low cost and fast way. The work of a few hours can be done in minutes. No competition in all of the above.

Apply coatings or coatings, insulating or not, to the exterior walls of bricks, panels, blocks, etc. In the factory itself.

Use tongue grooves of great depth and without clearances that give great stability to the bricks, panels, etc., even without applying adhesives or using rulers or plumbing.

Use economical materials. Manufacture the bricks with insulating materials such as cellular honnigón or tennoarcilla, placing the latter without difficulty and without using thick bricks or blocks. Build the partitions with bricks, blocks, etc. of two identical halves with technical, acoustic, moisture, vibration, etc. insulators. among them.

Perform simple ventilated facades.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.- The modular construction system for walls, partitions, enclosures and the like of the invention consists in building walls, partitions, enclosures and the like with bricks, panels, blocks, tiles and the like (2, 2a), vertically tongue and groove with the bricks, blocks, etc., contiguous by a projection, projection or tooth and a recess in opposite edges, the projections and cavities having a height or depth of between one and two times the width of the brick or block, etc., the cavity and the projection can be: a) of triangular section, wedge or V (5 and 6) with an angle between 30 ° and 50 °, b) of isosceles trapezoid section with its lateral faces inclined between 5 ° and 30 ° (5a and 6a) and c) of rectangular section (5b and 6b). The testas can be tongue and groove. The bricks can be solid, can have integrated gas, air or hollow microspheres or be crossed with transverse and / or longitudinal holes. They can be manufactured with insulating or non-insulating materials, preferably using the insulators. The bricks, blocks, etc., are placed with the recesses facing up, or upper edge, to prevent the adhesive from falling, but they can also be placed with the recesses facing down, or in the lower edge. The adhesives can be insulating.

To bricks, blocks, etc., which use teeth and projections of rectangular section reinforcement plates and parallelepiped elements or complementary tongue and groove extensions can be applied.

The through holes, in addition to reducing the weight and serving as insulation, placed vertically are used for the circulation of the ascending hot air through its interior and therefore through the interior of a ventilated facade.

The protrusions and the triangular section cavities can be defined as triangular prisms, triangular straight prisms or wedges and can have their striated faces.

The protrusions or triangular teeth can have their vertices chamfered to avoid the breakage of the bricks in said areas and with certain materials and for expansion and collection of the adhesive.

The joints between the side walls of the bricks, blocks, etc. and the projections or V-shaped, trapezoid and rectangular teeth are produced with a recess

or step (! O, 10a and 10b) respectively. For thermal, acoustic insulation, etc. between the partition wall and the ceiling, an expanded polystyrene or polyurethane band or plate or similar material is attached.

The brick, block, etc., can be of mixed material, with a half, or a part of standard or traditional material and the other of insulating material. This is useful in ventilated facades. It can have a central element of ceramic or concrete (26), with insulating side cover (18), or an insulating central element of cellular concrete or the like, between two ceramic or concrete plates (27), both of which can have external coating.

A variant subdivides the bricks into two halves or semi-bricks, which: a) They are joined by adhesives determining a monolithic assembly, or b) They intercalate between the semi-bricks a sandwich of anti-vibration elements, thermal insulators, insulators or sound absorbers, water insulators or of moisture which together with adhesives create a monolithic assembly. A half-brick can be made of insulating material.

Preferably the tongue and groove couplings when the materials allow it will be of great precision with little clearance, in other cases the insulating material is applied filling and trying to eliminate irregularities produced during cooking or curing on the surfaces, to provide a good coupling between bricks or blocks The coupling surfaces can also be filled and rectified leaving them flat and uniform without differences from a standard pattern to provide a good fit, for this purpose an epoxy resin, rigid polyurethane spurs, polystyrene or the like can be used. Grinding can be done when the material is tender. Cellular concrete or thermo clay can be ground without any other treatment.

If the above is not possible, bricks with a greater separation or clearance and greater amount of adhesive material are used. A variant adds protruding needles or metal plates to the bricks or blocks in the plane of symmetry, which are introduced into holes or crevices of the bricks, blocks, etc. contiguous The needles and plates can also be introduced in a doughy paste placed in the holes of the adjacent brick, which when set will be transfonnó in a single ladñllo.

The coating layers can be applied on at least one of the outer surfaces, boards, edges or testes of the bricks, panels, etc. In a variant the plaster material is projected on the lateral faces.

The holes or separations between the halves or semi bricks are used as regattas for the passage of facilities, pipes, etc. The insulating materials carry roughnesses or porosities in which the insulating material is deposited and adheres, to the smooth surfaces striated are applied. The cavities and the depths of great depth provide great stability even without applying the adhesive element, and without the use of rulers or plumbing.

A flap valve can be placed on the ventilated facades, which opens when the flow of hot air is important, overcoming the weight of the plate to iron it. For this, the bricks can be trimmed by three or more pieces. When they are two pieces, the insulating piece is placed in the innermost part of the building.

Preferably cellular honnigon, tennoarcilla or similar materials will be used, to which, in addition to the microspheres they carry, synthetic or natural reinforcing fibers are added. Polystyrene, polyurethane or similar foam spheres between 5 and 20 millimeters in diameter can be added during fabrication, then the outer side faces of the bricks can be coated with a sturdy and reinforcing insulating material. The mortar or cellular honnigón is low cost and in addition to reducing its weight and increasing the insulation it can be glued with cement mortar and other adhesives.

In cases where toxicity does not matter much, rigid polyurethane foam or polystyrene foam can be used as the base material, covering its outer side faces with a reinforcing material.

The bricks, blocks, panels, ctc., Can be constructed with materials such as: Ceramics, glazed ceramics, stoneware, glazed stoneware, glazed stoneware, vermiculite, expanded clay, cement, concrete, mortar, concrete or cellular mortar, polymer concrete, marble , gypsum, plasterboard, laminated plasterboard or not reinforced with fiberglass, paper pulp, resin, epoxy resin, fiber cement, tenno-clay, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, polyurethane foam, polyethylene, polyethylene foam, PVC expanded, polypropylene (fiber), vegetable fibers, cellulosic foam, aluminum, fiber or glass wool, glass, gravels, pumice, calcium silicate, expanded perlite, slag or rock wool, etc. and their mixtures. The same materials currently used in bricks, panels, etc. will be used as adhesives. To the bricks, panels, etc. they can be applied, on at least one of their faces, a coating layer of plaster, ceramics, enamels, elastomers, vinyl, etc. facilitating the construction of plaster walls, tiling and the like.

The bricks, panels, etc. they can be obtained by molding, extrusion, injection, pressing, etc., foams and liquid materials in general can be applied by projection, immersion, etc. and preferably they will be large.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a perspective and schematic view of a partition with the brick, panel, etc. of the system of the invention.

Figures 2 and 13 show perspective and schematized views of brick variants of the system of the invention.

Figures 3 through 5, 8 and 15 show side and schematic views of variants of bricks, panels, etc. of the system of the invention.

Figure 9 shows a schematic side view of a type of semi-bricks.

Figures 10 and 11 show side and schematic views of brick variants formed by two half-bricks. Figures 6 through 7, 12, 14, 20 and 22 show schematic views and

sectioned variants of bricks, panels, etc.

Figures 16 and 17 show views of two lateral coupling systems.

Figures 18 and 19 show side and partial views of variants of modes of

union of the partitions with the floor and with the ceiling.

Figure 21 shows a side, schematic and partial view of a variant of brick, panel, etc. of the system of the invention. Figure 23 shows a schematic and partially sectioned view of a ventilated facade with the bricks of the invention.

Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a partition variant.

MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention, figure 1, shows a partition or wall (1) constructed with bricks, blocks, etc. (2) tongue and groove vertically and out of phase with the cavities facing up to avoid the loss of the adhesive and in depth to give stability, which carry plaster, enamel, or insulating coatings, etc., on their external surfaces (13). The base blocks have the flat bottom edge. The blocks can also be placed with the cavity facing down.

Figure 2 shows the block or brick (2) with its outer surfaces coated with a layer of plaster, enamel, etc., (13), crossed internally with rows of longitudinal horizontal through holes (4) of rhombus section, the hollow (S) of acute angle section, V or wedge in the upper edge and the projection or tooth (6) of acute angle section, V or wedge in the lower edge, tongue and groove with adjacent bricks.

Figure 3 shows the block or brick (2) sm cladding, crossed through with two rows of through holes or horizontal longitudinal alveoli

(4) of rectangular and triangular section, the cavity (S) of acute angled section in the upper edge of the brick, and the projection or tooth (6) of acute angled section in the lower edge, chamfered edges (9) they provide consistency to the bricks and are coupled with the adjacent bricks in the recesses (10), at the junction of the teeth with the side walls. The recesses (11) provide a chamber with the brick or adjoining panel for adhesive expansion.

Figure 4 shows the uncoated block or brick (2), inter-crossed with two rows of through holes or longitudinal alveoli (4) of rectangular and triangular section, the recess (5a) of section in isosceles trapezoid tonna with the flat area (7), the projection or tooth (6a) of section also in trapezium in the lower edge with the flat area or chamfer (8) and the step or recess (IOa). The inclination of the lateral faces of the cavity and the projection of the section in trapezoid with respect to the vertical can be between five and thirty degrees.

Figure S shows the block or brick (2) without coating, crossed

interconnecting with two rows of through holes or longitudinal alveoli (4) of rectangular section, the recess (5b) of rectangular section in the upper edge of the brick with the flat area (7), the projection or tooth (6b) of equally rectangular section in the lower edge with the flat area (8) and the step (10). This may have a small slack between the tongue and groove elements.

Figure 6 shows the block or brick (2) made of honnigón or tenno-clay insulating material (18) mixed with reinforcing fibers (3), covered with its boards or side faces with plaster, enamel, etc. (13), the cavity (5) of acute angle section in the upper edge of the brick and the projection or tooth (6) of acute angle section in the lower edge, for its tongue and groove with the adjacent blocks or bricks.

Figure 7 shows the brick, panel, etc. (2) of concrete or thermo clay insulating material (18) with multiple small spheres (46) of polyurethane foam or polystyrene or the like, may be mixed with reinforcing fibers, coated externally with a layer of insulating and reinforcing material (12) , the cavity (5) of acute angle section in the upper edge of the brick and the tooth (6) of acute angle in the lower.

Figure 8 shows the brick, panel, etc., (2) without coating, the right half of insulating material (18), of cellular concrete or similar material and the left of a standard or traditional material, the horizontal longitudinal holes (4 ), the cavity

(5) of sharp angle section in the upper edge of the brick, and the protrusion or tooth (6) of lower acute angle section, chamfered edges (9 and 11) and recesses (10), at the junction of the teeth with the side walls.

Figure 9 shows half of a brick (29), block, etc. with the holes or alveoli (4) and the recess (10), said half is attached glued to an equal and symmetrically to provide a brick in the shape of the brick of the invention.

Figure 10 shows a brick, block, etc. (2a) formed by two semi-bricks

(29) with the holes or alveoli (4), the chamfers or recesses (9, 10), their outer side faces covered with the plaster, enamel or similar coating (13), which are glued with adhesive in their plane of Symmetry (47) providing a monolithic brick with the shape of the brick of the invention, shows the cavity (5) and the tooth (6).

Figure 11 shows a brick (2a), block, etc. with the holes or alveoli (4), formed by the two halves or semi-bricks (29), uncoated and separated from each other by the sandwich of multiple insulating layers (14) thermal, acoustic, humidity, vibratory, etc., the hollow (5a) of isosceles trapezoid section in the upper edge of the

constituted brick and the tooth (6a) of isosceles trapezoid section at the bottom. Figure 12 shows the block or brick (2) with needles or vertical plates

(16) and additional recesses (17) that allow a greater fixation with the adjacent bricks, holes (4), the cavity (5) of sharp angle section in the upper edge of the brick, and the projection or tooth (6) of acute angled section at the bottom.

Figure 13 shows the brick (2) with holes (4), its cavity (5a) in the upper edge, projection or tooth (6a) in the lower, with the flexible joints (22) on the sides of one of its edges. Show your chamfers (7 and 8). The joint 22 can be replaced by a layer of cellular concrete, rigid polyurethane or polystyrene foam, resins, or silicones applied to bricks or blocks made with certain irregularities, said layer is then rectified to achieve uniform flat surfaces and a perfect tongue and groove.

Figure 14 shows a brick, panel, etc., (2) of cellular concrete or the like (18), its hollow in upper edge (5b) with the slit (30), the projection (6b) in the lower one, and the reinforcing plate (23d) that engages in the slit (30) of other bricks.

Figure 15 shows two tongue and groove bricks (2) with the coating layer (13), which once coupled create the inner longitudinal channel (19) that exits or collect the remaining adhesive material. If the adhesive is not insulating, it can only be applied to the sides of the edges to avoid thermal bridges.

Figure 16 shows bricks (2) joined laterally tongue and groove by their grooves and projections (30 and 31). Figure 17 shows bricks (2) joined laterally tongue and groove by their grooves and angular or V-shaped projections (32 and 32a).

Figure 18 shows the bricks (2), the lower one trimmed for adaptation to the floor, of a partition placed between the ceiling (33) and the floor (34), topped off with the insulator (44a) and the complementary prisms (35 and 36) with striated surfaces, which facilitate their insertion. The insulator (44) eliminates the technical bridge between floor and partition.

Figure 19 shows the bricks (2), the lower one cut and separated from the floor with the insulator (44), from a partition placed between the roof (33) and the floor (34), topped off with the insulator (44a) ) and complementary prisms (36 and 37).

Figure 20 shows the brick, block, etc., (2c) the central ceramic or concrete element (26), covered laterally with the insulator (18) And in turn coated with the layer (13), the cavity (5b ) in the upper edge of the brick and the projection or tooth (6b).

Figure 21 shows the brick, block, etc., (2d) the central element of insulating material (18) which can be cellular honnigon, placed between two ceramic plates or honnigon (27), with the coating (13), the cavity (5b) in the upper edge of the brick and the projection or tooth (6b) with the reinforcement plate (23h).

5 Figure 22 shows the brick (2v) without cladding, with the chamfers (9 and 10), e! vertical duct (4V) for ventilated facades, the recess (5) and the projection (6).

Figure 23 shows the partition wall (1) of ventilated façade, lined by hollow bricks (2v), through which the vertical ducts (4v) are created, with the air inlet (40), the grill (43), and the outlet (41), the air exits through the valve

10 optional (42), which opens when there is enough hot air that pushes it up. Figure 24 shows a partition (1) constructed with bricks (2) of large dimensions vertically tongue and groove, they can use hook holes not shown in the figure.

Claims (30)

one.

Modular construction system for walls, partitions, enclosures and the like, of the type that uses tongue and groove elements, which consists of building walls, partitions, enclosures and the like with bricks, panels, blocks, tiles and the like (2, 2a) vertically tongue and groove with the bricks, blocks, etc., contiguous by a projection, projection or tooth and a recess in opposite edges, the projections and the recesses having a height or depth between one and two times the width of the brick, block or panel.

2.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (6) and the recess are of triangular section, in cradle. or in V (5) with an angle between 300 and 500.

3.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection (6a) and the recess (5b) are of isosceles trapezoid section with their lateral faces inclined between 5 ° and 30 °.

Four.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the testas of the bricks, blocks, etc., are tongue and groove with those of the adjacent bricks.

5.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., have small gas spheres integrated in their composition.

6.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are crossed with longitudinal holes.

7.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are crossed with vertically placed transverse holes which are used for the circulation of ascending hot air through its interior and therefore through a ventilated facade.

8.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that insulating materials are used for bricks, blocks, etc., and adhesives.

9.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are placed with the recesses down, in the lower edge.

10.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are placed with the cavities facing up, in the upper edge.

eleven.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing plates and complementary tongue and groove elements are applied to the bricks, blocks, etc.

12.

System according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., have the triangular projections or teeth with their chamfered vertices.

13.

System according to claim 1.2 and 3, characterized in that the joints between the side walls of the bricks, blocks, etc. and the projections or teeth in the form of V, and is produced with a recess or step (10. 10 and 10) respectively.

14.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that an expanded polystyrene, polyurethane or similar band or plate is bonded between the partitions and the ceiling.

fifteen.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are of mixed material, with one half of insulating material.

16.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the irregularities of the surfaces of the tongue and groove couplings are filled with a material, subsequently rectifying said coupling surfaces leaving them flat and uniform without differences with respect to a standard pattern.

17.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that it adds to the bricks, blocks, etc., needles or protruding metal plates in its plane of symmetry, which are introduced into holes or crevices of the bricks, blocks, etc. contiguous

18.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that coating layers are applied to at least one of the outer surfaces, boards, edges or testes of the bricks, panels, blocks.

19.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating, plaster, etc. layers are projected onto the boards of the bricks, panels, etc.

twenty.

System according to claim 8, characterized in that the insulating materials carry roughnesses or porosities in which the insulating material is deposited and adhered.

twenty-one.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that stripes are applied to the bricks, blocks, etc. on their bonding surfaces.

22

System according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that a flap valve is placed on the ventilated facades. which opens when the hot air is important, overcoming the weight of the plate or plate of the same.

2. 3.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are subdivided into two halves or semi-bricks, which are joined together by means of an adhesive material arresting a monobloc assembly.

24.

System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are subdivided into two halves or semi-bricks and between them a tubular insulating sandwich, of water or humidity, vibration and insulating and absorbent is placed and adhered

sound. 25. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, blocks, etc., are subdivided into two halves or semi-bricks and at least one of them is insulating. 26. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the holes of the 5 bricks are used as regattas for the passage of installations, pipes, etc. 27. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks are formed by three or more pieces. 28. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick, block, etc., It has a central element of ceramic or concrete (26), covered laterally with about 10 insulating plates (18) and on these some coverings (13). 29. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the brick, block, etc., has a central element of insulating material (18) of cellular concrete or the like placed between two ceramic plates or honnigón (27). 30. System according to claim 29, characterized in that the cellular honrug6n, 15 tenno-clay or similar material, small spheres of polystyrene, polyurethane foam or similar material between 5 and 20 millimeters in diameter, whose external lateral faces of the brick, block, etc., are added during manufacturing. They are coated after a reinforcing material.