FR2598734A1 - Universal building and formwork block. - Google Patents

Abstract

Building block having a generally parallelepipedal shape with two longitudinal lateral walls 2 and 3 joined together by internal walls so as to form internal hollow bodies which are open at each of their upper and lower ends, characterised in that the internal walls or partitions are oblique intersecting planes 6, 7 and 8, 9 which are separated into two juxtaposed groups 4, 5 of generally "X"-shaped cross-section so as to form several cavities which are closed laterally by the internal partitioning and the walls of longitudinal lateral faces, the block having a central cavity and two end cavities making it possible to form channels 51 in which the frame columns are cast. This invention is of interest to the manufacturers of construction materials.

Description

 The present invention relates to a universal building and formwork block allowing construction without interposition of fastening material between the edges and the upper and lower faces of the blocks.

 The traditional construction using masonry elements requires the use of brick blocks, concrete blocks or other for the realization of the walls. It requires the use of separate formwork blocks for the preparation of reinforcement or reinforcement posts if one wants to dispense with the traditional wooden or metal formwork that is still very often handcrafted.

 In addition, the production of lintels requires the use of special formwork or pre-stressed reinforced concrete beams cut to the desired dimensions.

 Furthermore, the erection of perfectly straight and smooth walls with simple blocks requires the skill of a professional in the building industry and suitable instruments.

 In addition, the checks and adjustment during assembly very often neutralize the time savings obtained by the rapid execution of a row.

 Finally, the need to have special blocks for making the formwork represents a constraint and a waste of additional time not only during installation but also during purchases, transport and various manipulations.

 The object of the present invention is to remedy these various drawbacks.

 To this end, the purpose of the invention is to provide a universal building block which can serve as a formwork block, this block not requiring any particular laying skill for making the walls themselves with openings.

The building block conforms to
The invention has a generally parallelepipedal shape with two longitudinal side walls joined together by an internal partitioning for the constitution of open hollow interior bodies, characterized in that the interior walls or partitions are two volumes of oblique and intersecting partitioning, separated into two groups juxtaposed for the constitution of several chambers closed laterally only by said interior partition volumes or by the latter and the walls of the longitudinal side faces and in that the interior partition volumes delimit a central chamber as well as adjacent chambers and two chambers end, chambers open vertically at the upper and lower faces of the block.

In addition to the main advantages resulting from the two possible functions of a building block and formwork block inherent to the invention, the latter has other additional advantages, the main of which will be mentioned below in a non-exhaustive manner: - possibility of thermal insulation by simple
filling of hollow bodies; - reinforced thermal insulation by making the blocks
totally in insulating material; - self-centering of blocks in vertical superposition - effective barrier against humidity - lower weight than the traditional block with equal volume; - mechanical resistance ; - labor saving; - the rooms can be used as a conduit for
ventilation or as a passage for technical connections.

The technical characteristics and other advantages of the invention are set out in the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example on an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of the
block according to the invention in its basic version
Figure 2 is a plan view of the universal block
shown in figure 1
Figures 3 to 13 are plan views of
basic block variants
Figure 14 is a plan view of a variant
developed as a corner connection block, used
for joining oblique walls
FIG. 15 is a variant with section chambers
circular or semi-circular Figures 16a and 16b are views respectively
in vertical section of a vertical sequence and a
enlargement on horizontal joint Figures 17a and 17b are schematic views,
respectively in perspective and in plan, of a
lateral junction between two successive blocks;
Figure 18 is a vertical sectional view to the right
a floor connection with cut on
chaining;; FIGS. 19a and 19b are simplified views,
respectively in cross section and in pers
pective, he shining the formation of a formwork for
the realization of a lintel using one or
several blocks according to partially recesses
lower Ia figure 20 is a horizontal sectional view of uh
floor or part of a floor of an example of
realization at a given level Ia Figure 21 is a horizontal sectional view of a
wall section at a different level immediately next door
illustrating the shift of the blocks from one layer to another ;; FIG. 22 is a plan view of an association of
blocks at an angle with figuration of
frames Ia figure 23 is a perspective view of two ni
calves superimposed on an angle also illustrating the
offset of the blocks between two successive levels
. Figure 24 is a perspective view illustrating the
filling the channels formed by the superpo blocks
ss, for example by a spill of an iso product
lant granules at each intermediate level
made up of several layers. Figure 25 is a perspective view illustrating the
installation of reinforcements in the formwork channels intended
born to make the studs
The general inventive idea of the universal building and formwork block according to the invention which will be described below consists in having created an interior structure in a building block simultaneously ensuring the following numerous functions
create continuous vertical formwork channels in
overlapping blocks from one layer to another
despite the offset of the blocks between them whatever
either their position;
allow the construction of a wall without material of
joining between the blocks by maintaining
overall from an internal framework;
connect the walls together at mid-length
creating a perfectly symmetrical structure for
allow block splitting and maintenance
continuity of the interior walls after
shift.

Generally but more concretely,
The invention relates to a universal block for construction and formwork for making walls by simple stacking having, according to the basic embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2, a body 1 of generally parallelepipedal shape with faces, upper and lower open, body bounded by two side walls of longitudinal faces 2 and 3 connected together by an internal partitioning formed by two groups of two intersecting separation volumes for the constitution of several chambers open at the top and bottom ends and closed over their entire surface lateral by internal partitioning volumes of general shape with a cross-section similar to or equal to that of two adjacent "X" letters or juxtaposed for the creation of hollow interior bodies capable of filling, after stacking, with insulation or concrete, simple or reinforced , with a view to making framework posts inside the blocks themselves.

 More particularly and with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the longitudinal side walls 2 and 3 are connected to one another by internal partition walls in two identical groups 4 and 5 juxtaposed or not with partitions in internal secant oblique planes 6, 7 and 8, 9.

 In a preferred embodiment, the interior partition planes intersect in the median plane parallel to the longitudinal side walls 2 and 3 to form a symmetrical interior structure.

 According to a particular embodiment, the structure is perfectly symmetrical with respect to the two crossed axes, longitudinal and transverse of the block, the partition planes or the partitions being orthogonal. In this case, we note that the total length of the block is the doubie of its width referenced by A which itself is equal to the distance separating the lines of junction of the oblique planes of the partitions as shown in Figure 2. The plans of the internal partitions are perpendicular to each other delimiting a central chamber 10 of square section and two neighboring groups of two adjacent chambers 11, 12, 13 and 14 of section in right triangle. The end chambers 15 and 16, with the same cross-sectional shape, are open.

 The central interior 10 and adjacent chambers 11 to 14 are open at each of their upper and lower ends, the block having faces, lower and upper, open for the constitution of hollow interior bodies capable of being filled with an insulating material or by reinforced concrete or not.

 In order to improve the mechanical rigidity of the whole block, the opposite, that is to say symmetrical, partitions of the other group intersect virtually inside the block beyond the side walls of the longitudinal face. in the middle part of these, leaving between them on the rear face of each side wall a flat 17 or 18 vertical material of width depending on the thickness of the interior partitions.

 The vertical edges of the longitudinal side walls 2 and 3 are each hollowed out according to a groove 19 or 20, for example of semi-circular section, intended, after assembly with the homologous grooves of the adjacent block, to constitute channels such as expansion 21 for humidity when left empty or securing channels for those filled with securing material.

 Similar grooves 22 or 23 may exist outside at the right of the dishes 17 or 18 to facilitate fractionation.

 The longitudinal side walls have edges, lower and upper, shaped into self-centering structures in two vertically offset planes 24 and 25, in staircase fashion, joined by an oblique ramp 26, structure in which the homologous structure fits. of the upper or lower adjacent block for the realization of a lateral immobilization with self-centering effect (Figures 16a and 16b).

 The construction of houses and buildings with the universal block according to the invention can be carried out without mortar because the stiffening of the assembly is provided by the framework formed of posts such as 27 made of simple concrete or reinforced concrete by reinforcements 28 as can be seen in Figures 22, 23 and 25.

 However, the grooves 19 and 20 make it possible to establish transverse and vertical connecting cords such as 29 for each layer and in broken line 30 for a wall using a fixing material, for example an adhesive or a cement. .

 Multiple variants can be imagined and produced as needed from the basic embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

 These variants, the main ones of which are shown in Figures 3 to 15, each correspond to a specific configuration of use.

One can thus imagine variants 31 or 32 with a single transverse lateral face 33 or 34 closed and with longitudinal lateral face 2 or 3 open over a half-length 35 or 36 (FIGS. 3 and 4) as well as variants 37 and 38 with two transverse lateral faces 33 and 34 closed and with longitudinal lateral face 2 or 3 open over half a length (Figures 5 and 6)
Other variants 39 and 40 are possible with opposite longitudinal half-faces 35 and 36 open and with one or the other transverse lateral end face 33 or 34 open (FIGS. 7 and 8).

 Simpler variants 41 and 42 (FIGS. 9 and 10) with a single open transverse lateral face or with two closed transverse lateral faces forming a fully closed perimeter 43 allowing applications for small partitions or wall returns.

 Other variants are those above applied to half of a block, some of which are shown in FIGS. 11, 12 and 13.

Indeed, the above blocks can be considered as double blocks and the single variants as a basic unit. These are the following simple variants - single block 44 with transverse lateral faces
open single block 45 with a single open side face; - single block 46 with two closed side faces.

 A more distant variant shown in FIG. 14 proceeds from the same inventive concept for an oblique angle connection block 47.

 An additional variant 48 of the same inventive spirit is shown, plan view, in FIG. 15.

According to this variant, the internal partitioning is no longer formed by intersecting planes but by volumes with cylindrical contours 49 and 50 or semi-cylindrical taking up the general forms of two letters X juxtaposed.

According to this variant, the central chamber 10 is cylindrical, the adjacent chambers 11 to 14 are of semi-cylindrical shape as are the end chambers 15 and 16.

 Of course, all the derived forms as above prove to be possible with the additional variant 48.

 The block according to the invention and its different variants make it possible to carry out with great ease all the conventional constructions but also the most diverse constructions and numerous arrangements.

 They allow in particular to build walls without joining thanks to the possibility of making poles 27 of frame reinforced or not by a frame 28, using the vertical channels 51 formed by the succession of central chambers 10 and composite chambers coming from two end chambers 15 or 16 juxtaposed, as shown in FIGS. 23 to 25 concerning embodiments with posts 27 of reinforced framework.

 The construction of a wall is carried out by superimposition of the blocks with offset with respect to each other as shown in Figures 23, 24 and 25 with or without filling the joining grooves with an adhesive or a cement.

 We can also see the filling of the hollow volumes with an insulating material 52 in granules, packaged for example in bags 53 to be poured into the hollow volumes, for example every four to five layers to obtain a good distribution.

 One of the great advantages of the invention consists in the possibility of making horizontal shutters 54 for the lintels 55 from several juxtaposed blocks providing support at the level of the upper part of the openings (FIGS. 19a and 19b) or of making shutters horizontal continuous 56 for making the chaining 57 (Figure 18).

 The block is cut along a longitudinal channel 58 by cutting its internal partitions over approximately half of its height, the block being hollowed out either in the upper part or in the lower part to produce a reinforced concrete beam. The insertion of the reinforcements is facilitated in the case of a bottom recess. The concrete is then poured into the hollow bodies remaining after filling the bottom. The longitudinal side walls constitute the lintel formwork volume which gives sufficient rigidity after drying.

 To improve the rigidity of the horizontal formwork block 54 or 56, it is sufficient to cut the partitions over only part of their length. The remaining primers 59 serve as anchors for the concrete.

 The connection to the right of the planks 60 for supporting the casting takes place for example as shown in FIG. 19a which reveals the lintel 55 with its frames formed in the interior volume of the block.

 The chaining 57 is produced in a similar manner but preferably by adopting recesses made in the upper half-part of the blocks (FIG. 18).

 Another great advantage of I i the invention consists in allowing the simple production of partitions for return walls 61, edges 62 of ends or openings, recesses 63 and a wide variety of edges as illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21 on which the limit of each block is represented by two dashes in correspondence.

 The half-format blocks or simple blocks make it possible to respect the offset as illustrated diagrammatically by FIG. 21 constituting the section of a part of the stage at the level of the immediately lower layer.

The invention also relates to the construction method which consists in producing vertical channels 51 by the vertical succession of internal vertical chambers to the blocks completely formed during installation or formed by juxtaposition during installation, and in forming the posts 27 of the supporting framework inside the building blocks by pouring and filling the vertical channels 51 formed by the succession of vertical interior chambers in correspondence. whole or by halves
Although the invention has been described above in detail by including numerous variants, it is understood that it is capable of simple and direct variations and modifications without however going beyond the scope of this protection.

Claims (12)

 1. Universal building and formwork block for making walls by simple stacking having a hollow body (1), open along its upper and lower faces, of generally paral shape  elepipedic with two longitudinal side walls (2 and 3) joined together by an internal partitioning for the constitution of hollow bodies open at the end, capable of filling with a material  insulating, characterized in that the partitioning  interior is formed by two oblique and secant partitioning volumes separated into two contiguous symmetrical groups (4 and 5) delimiting on the one hand several interior chambers including a central chamber (10) and two groups of adjacent chambers (11) and (12) , (13) and (14), closed laterally by said partition volumes and open at the end along the upper and lower faces of the block and on the other hand end chambers (15) and (16) for the constitution by superposition and juxtaposition of the blocks between them with vertical channels (51) for filling with an insulating material or for making the posts (27) armed or not with a supporting framework.  2. Block according to claim 1 characterized in that the interior partitioning has a general shape close to or equal to that of two neighboring X letters or juxtaposed, each group (4) and (5) forming a single letter.  3. Block according to claim 1 characterized in that the partition volumes are planar walls defining a central chamber (10) of section in the general shape of a losanse and adjacent chambers and end of triangular section.  4. Block according to claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that the flat partition walls are orthogonal and in that its length is equal to twice its width.  5. Block according to the preceding claims characterized in that the horizontal edges of the longitudinal side walls (2 and 3) are shaped according to a profile with two parallel planes offset vertically (24) and (25) separated by an oblique ramp (26) for self-center the blocks in vertical overlap.  6. Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical edges of the longitudinal side walls each have a sealing groove (19 and 20) for the creation of an expansion or junction volume filled with a fastening material .  7. Block according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one and / or the other transverse lateral face or both is / are closed (s).  8. Block according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that one and / or the other of the longitudinal side faces is / are open (s) over half of its / their length.  9. Block according to claims 1 to 4 and 7 and 8 characterized in that it comprises only a group of interior partitions.  10. Block according to claims 1 to 4 and 7 to 9 characterized in that the central (10), adjacent (11 to 14) and end (15 and 16) chambers respectively have a circular and semicircular section.  11. Block according to claims 1 to 4 and 7 to 9 characterized in that it is partially hollowed out of its internal partitions over a part of its height for making a formwork (54) or (56) for lintel or chaining .  12. Construction method characterized in that it consists in producing vertical channels (51) by the vertical succession of internal vertical chambers to the blocks completely formed during installation or formed during installation and to form the posts (27) of the supporting frame inside the building blocks by pouring and filling the vertical channels (51) formed by the succession of vertical interior chambers in correspondence.