FR2485063A1 - BUILDING BLOCK WITH BUILT-IN INSULATION - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Prefabricated building unit with incorporated insulation, and designed to the manufacture of an insulated wall by assembling such units by means of a mortar, said unit (10) comprising a bearing part (11) designed to be placed in the inner side of the wall, a facing part (12) designed to be placed on the outer side of the wall and an insulating plate (13) interposed between the bearing part (11) and the facing part (12), and having projecting ribs (14, 15) engaged in corresponding grooves (16, 17) provided in those sides of the bearing part and the facing part, which are in opposite relation, the insulating plate constituting the means for connecting the facing part (12) to the bearing part (11), characterized in that a plurality of air gaps (19) are provided between the opposite faces of the insulating plate (13) and of the facing part (12), so that when several units are assembled together, channels are formed by aligned air gaps, inside which the air can flow in these channels to reduce the temperature differences between the opposite faces of the facing parts of the assembled units and prevent deterioration of these facing parts owing to thermal stresses.

Description

The present invention relates to the blocks of

built-in insulation construction.

The subject of the present invention is in particular a block of the type comprising a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate

te and connected to each other by it.

  Building blocks of this type are already known in which the bearing part is intended to be placed on the exterior side of a construction, for example on the wall of a building, while the planelle

  counter-partition form. Tenon-type connections

mortise connect the two sides of the insulating plate

  respectively to the bearing part and to the counter

  partition. Such blocks are described in particular in French Patent No. 2,341,714 The use of these known blocks provides

  certainly significant results in terms of iso-

thermal relationship, but some drawbacks remain.

  Thus, if one seeks to carry out an isola-

very advanced, difficulties are encountered in

  floor level. Indeed, these must require

  Lean on the load-bearing parts, which inevitably creates thermal bridges at the ends of floors.

  In addition, the external parts subject to

  its thermal variations and prone to cracking

  These are the parts providing the load-bearing function.

  Finally, the interior partitions are parts of reduced thickness and do not

cannot constitute coatings with inertia

notable thermal tie.

  It has been proposed to remedy these drawbacks.

nients by placing the bearing part on the interior side

  laughing. Thus, the continuity of the insulation may not be interrupted at the level of the floor ends and

  the supporting parts constitute an internal coating

  laughing not exposed to thermal shock and appreciable thermal inertia. However, this solution can

  lead to the appearance of serious disorders in the re-

garment formed by the outer planelles. Indeed, this thin outer coating is exposed to shocks

which can be particularly dry

in the case of walls exposed to the sun, the temperatures

minimum and maximum erasures that can easily differ

  a few tens of degrees. The coating ex-

  The inner layer will then crack very quickly.

  To increase the solidity of this coating, it has

  suggested to connect each planelle to the part

  aunt not only by the insulating plate, but also by metal pins, which then amounts to creating a very large number of small thermal bridges

and therefore constitutes an unacceptable solution.

  Also, according to one of its aspects, the present

  invention therefore aims to provide a block of cons-

  truction of the type indicated at the head of the description,

  block that can be used with the planelle located on the

  exterior side, with all the advantages that

  slow but without causing disorders in

  the exterior coating and without requiring the use of

  tion of metal connections between planelles and bearing parts. This object is achieved by the fact that, in accordance with the present invention, at least one air space is formed between the facing faces of the insulating plate and of the plane so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, formed conduits by said air knives, possibly communicating with the outside and in which air can circulate by convection to reduce the difference between temperatures

  prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles.

  The temperature balance on the part and

  other planelles thus avoids the appearance of

  thermal origin when planelles are

located on the outside.

Preferably, the air gap (s) extend

tooth vertically between the lower and upper faces

block. In the event that the connection between the

  that insulating and the planelle is achieved by means of

  ribs projecting parallel to each other and embedded

  trées in corresponding grooves of the planelle, the air gaps can be formed between neighboring ribs. The invention relates not only to standard building blocks, but also to building blocks

specials for singular points.

  Thus, according to another of its aspects, the information

  vention also relates to a corner block comprising an external construction element and an insulating element

  each formed of two parts perpendicular to each other and re-

  linked to each other, block characterized in that at least one air space is provided between the opposite faces of

  the insulating element and the building element.

  In this corner block, the right-angled faces of the insulating element opposite to those connected to the building element are free and constitute, when several corner blocks are superimposed, two walls of a

  formwork into which a post can be poured. We re-

then finds the supporting part structure (pole) -

insulator-external element.

  According to yet another aspect,

the invention also relates to a block called block 'ita-

  bleau "for the vertical delimitation of a frame, block which includes a bearing part and a planelle

  arranged on each side of an insulating plate and re-

linked to each other by it and which is character-

risé by a vertical recess, formed on one side of the block over the entire height thereof for the housing of an interior extension of the insulating plate between

said side of the block and an inner rim of the planel-

  the, and at least one air space is provided between the

facing faces of the insulating plate and the planelle.

  By the use of standard blocks and

  special according to the invention, it is thus possible to

  tighten the exterior walls of a building with perfect continuity of the insulation incorporated into the walls and placing the load-bearing parts of the blocks on the interior side. Other features and advantages of

  building blocks according to the invention spring-

  will read the description made below, to

  indicative but not limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which - Figure 1 is a top view showing several blocks according to the invention placed side by side; and - Figure 2 is a sectional view along

line II-II of Figure 1.

In Figures 1 and 2, the reference 10 desi-

generates a standard building block conforming to

the invention.

The block 10 comprises a bearing part II and a plate 12 between which is housed an insulating plate 13. The connection between the constituent elements

of block 10 is made by ribs 14, 15 for-

  mant tenons on each side of the insulating plate and engaged in grooves 16-17 forming mortises in the facing faces of the bearing part and the

planelle, respectively.

In the example illustrated, the ribs 14, 15 and grooves 16, 17 are of cross section in dovetail and extend parallel to each other.

  others and vertically over the entire height of the block.

  As a variant, other cross-sectional shapes, orientations and / or lengths of the ribs and grooves may be chosen, provided that the connection between the constituent elements of the block is sufficient to withstand manipulation thereof.

  until it is assembled on site.

The bearing part and the planar are elements made of building material, for example concrete or terracotta, and are provided, so

alveoli connection 18.

The dimensions of the bearing part 11 are

those of a usual block without incorporated insulation.

  Plane 12 has same height h and length

  than the bearing part 11, but a thickness e re-

pick, for example between 5 and 10 cm.

  The insulating plate 13 is made of a material ex-

  bandaged, e.g. polystyrene. The thickness E of the

plate 13 depends on the insulation characteristics

  hated. In practice, this width is chosen between and about 10 cm. Advantageously, the plate 13 has a height and a length slightly greater than that of the plane and of the bearing part so as to reserve the place of mortar for connection between parts.

  on the one hand, and between the supporting parts

  aunts, on the other hand, without any play between the insulating plates of blocks arranged side by side or one

above each other.

  Grooves 11a, 12a are formed in the vertical lateral edges of the bearing parts 11 and planar 12 to reserve the location of the mortar.

  connection between blocks arranged side by side.

  To make a block 10, one can start from

  prefabricated components separately from each other and

  assembled by translational adjustment of the iso- plate

  lante between the bearing part and the planelle.

  As you can see in Figures 1 and 2,

the bearing part 11 and the insulating plate 13 are re-

  linked to each other without play between their opposite faces. On the other hand, in accordance with the invention, vertical recesses in the form of section grooves

transverse in U are provided in the face of the plate

  that insulating 13, over the entire height of the block and in the interval between adjacent parallel ribs 15. These

  recesses constitute air gaps 19 between the facets

these opposite the planelle 12 and the insulating plate

te 13.

  When several blocks are superimposed to form a wall with the planes 12 on the outside, the air knives 19 arranged end to end constitute vertical channels extending over the entire height of the wall and possibly communicating with the outside. This communication is carried out either naturally, or by providing passages at the base and at the end of the wall to establish forced circulation by convection of the outside air in the air knives 19. In both cases,

  the presence of the air knives 19 makes it possible to avoid the appearance

  rition of a too large temperature gradient

be the interior and exterior faces of the planelles

  12. This eliminates a cause of cracking of the plates.

  and the exterior coating that covers them when

that the wall is finished.

  The width of the useful insulation is that of the

  plate 13 at the level of the air knives 19. An increase

  tion of the thickness of the air knives then results in the same increase in the total thickness of the block

  if we want to keep the same characteristics of i

solation. This is why, it is preferable to limit the thickness to air knives 19 while giving it a value sufficient to ensure "ventilation

satisfactory. In practice, we will choose for a value

  their preferably between 1 and 3 cm, for example

full 1.5 to 2 cm.

  Due to the arrangement of the supporting parts

  tes 11 on the inside, the continuity of the insulation may not be interrupted at the level of the floors,

  these resting on the bearing parts only.

At this level, a connection by staples, pins or arma-

  particular tures (ex: MURFOR type) can be provided through the insulation between the floor and the planks

  to guarantee their stability.

Another advantageous feature of the in-

  vention consists in the possibility of using particular blocks at the singular points of a building so as to achieve continuity of the insulation in

the whole wall without exception.

  Thus, as illustrated in FIG. 1, we

  can superimpose on the corners of the building blocks of an-

  gle in L, such as 20 each consisting of an element of

exterior construction 21, comprising two per-

  pendulars between them provided with cells 28, and

an insulating element 23 also comprising two parts

perpendicular to each other. The external elements

  laughers 21 and insulation 23 are each formed in one piece and are assembled by means of vertical ribs, formed on the faces of the two parts of the insulation

  23 rounds worm, element 22 and engaged in rai-

  nures 27 formed in the interior faces of the two parts of the planelle 22. Between the ribs 25,

recesses are formed in the insulator 23 for consti-

kill vertical air gaps 29 between the faces in

  look of the external element and the insulating element.

  The ribs 25, grooves 27 and air knives 29 of the block are similar to the ribs 15, grooves

17 and air knives 19 of the blocks 10. In addition, the thick-

  sor and the height of the plate 22 and of the insulator 23 are respectively equal to that of the plates 12 and plates 13 of the blocks 10. Thus, the block 20 therefore connects exactly two standard blocks 10 at the angle of a

building, except for the load-bearing part. Indeed-

  fet, the interior faces of the insulation are free while having vertical ribs 24

similar to the ribs 14 of the blocks 10.

The vertical interior faces of the insulation 23 of the corner block 20 and the extreme vertical edges of the adjacent standard blocks 10 delimit a housing

  21 into which a post can be poured after disposing

  reinforcement 21a. Due to the presence of nerves

  vures 24 and grooves lla, the post once poured

  is linked to both insulation 23 and the load-bearing parts

  tes 11 adjacent to the overlapping corner blocks. We realize

  thus reads the perfect continuity of the construction

tion at the angles.

  Other singular points are the frames-

openings formed in the walls. Advantageous-

  The vertical delimitation of these frames is carried out using table blocks such as the

block 30 of figure 1.

Like the block 10, the block 30 comprises a bearing part 31, a plane 32 both having cells 38, and an insulating plate 33 connecting the plane to the bearing part by means of ribs

  34, 35 provided on each face of the plate 33 and enga-

  gées in grooves 36, 37 of the opposite faces of the bearing part 31 and the plane 32. Recesses

are provided in the plate 33 between the ribs 35 -

  to form air gaps 39 between the faces

  look at the plate 33 and the planelle 32.

  Block 30 differs from block 10 in that, 9.

on the side bordering the opening 40, the plane 32 is pro-

  along an interior ledge 42. On the same side, the

  bearing part 31 has a recess 41 which extends

  tends vertically over the entire height of the block and which allows the housing of an insulating tongue 43 which forms an inner rim of the insulating plate 33. The

tongue 43 and plate 33 may or may not be formed

in one piece.

The rim 42 extends over only part of the thickness of the block 30. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the extreme inside face of the rim 42 and the lateral edges of the tongue 43 and of the thinned end of the bearing part 31 constitute a box:

in which can be mounted a frame 45 with in-

terposition of a sealing material 46. We therefore find the continuity of the insulation up to the delimitation

vertical of the frame housing.

Of course, various modifications or ad-

junctions may be made to the embodiments

tion described above of a conforming building block

  me to the invention, without going beyond the ambit of

  protection defined by the appended claims.

Thus, the air gaps between the planelle and the

that insulator may be formed by grooves formed not in the insulating plate, but in the plane.

Claims (8)

^ CLAIMS 1. Prefabricated building block with insulation incorporated comprising a bearing part and a planel- the arranged on each side of an insulating plate and connected to each other by the latter, characterized in that at least one air gap is formed between the facing faces of the insulating plate and   of the planelle so as to constitute, when more first blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said air spaces, possibly communicating with the outside and in which air can circulate to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles. 2. Prefabricated corner building block incorporated insulation, comprising a construction element   external tion and an insulating element each formed by two perpendicular parts between them and connected to each other, characterized in that at least one strip air is provided between the facing faces of the element insulation and the building element so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled,   conduits formed by said air spaces, communicating possibly with the outside and in which air can circulate to reduce the gap between the tem-   peratures reigning on opposite sides of the elements of construction.   3. Prefabricated building block with incorporated insulator for the vertical delimitation of a frame, block comprising a bearing part and a plane arranged on each side of an insulating plate and re- linked to each other by it, characterized in that at least one air space is provided   gée between the facing faces of the insulating plate and the planar so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said la- mes of air, possibly communicating with the outside and there in which air can circulate to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles, and in that a vertical recess   formed on one side of the block over the entire height of it   ci for housing an interior extension of the insulating plate between said side of the block and a flange inside the planelle.   4. Building block according to any one   claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the or the air knives extend vertically between the fac-   these lower and upper block.   5. Building block according to any one claims 1 to 4, in which the connection between   the insulating plate and the planelle is made by means   ribs protruding parallel to each other and embedded   trées in corresponding grooves of the planelle, characterized in that the air spaces are formed by recesses made in the insulating plate between said ribs. 6. Building block according to any one   of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the la- air meshes are between 1 and 3 cm thick. 7. Corner building block according to the res-   dication 2, characterized in that the interior faces res perpendicular to each other from the insulating element   are free so as to form parts of a cof- frage in which a post can be sunk. 8. Corner building block according to the res- dication 7, characterized in that said inner faces   riors are provided with ribs allowing to realize   a connection between the insulating element and said post.