EP0041417A1 - Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation - Google Patents

Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0041417A1
EP0041417A1 EP81400726A EP81400726A EP0041417A1 EP 0041417 A1 EP0041417 A1 EP 0041417A1 EP 81400726 A EP81400726 A EP 81400726A EP 81400726 A EP81400726 A EP 81400726A EP 0041417 A1 EP0041417 A1 EP 0041417A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
insulating plate
building block
faces
insulating
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Granted
Application number
EP81400726A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0041417B1 (en
Inventor
Francis André Dutruel
Francis Michel Dran
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Centre dEtudes et de Recherche de lIndustrie du Beton CERIB
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CENTRE D'ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DE L'INDUSTRIE DU BETON MANUFACTURE
Centre dEtudes et de Recherche de lIndustrie du Beton CERIB
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Priority to AT81400726T priority Critical patent/ATE8805T1/en
Publication of EP0041417A1 publication Critical patent/EP0041417A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0041417B1 publication Critical patent/EP0041417B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building blocks with incorporated insulation.
  • building blocks is meant here the elements capable of being assembled in the traditional way by a mason, with a usual mortar.
  • the subject of the present invention is in particular a block of the type comprising a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to one another by the latter.
  • the external parts subjected to thermal variations and subject to cracking are the parts ensuring the load-bearing function.
  • interior partitions are parts of reduced thickness and do not cannot constitute coatings having a significant thermal inertia.
  • the object of the present invention is then to provide a building block of the type indicated at the head of the description, a block which can be used with the plane located on the outside, -to say with insulation from the outside, with all the advantages which ensue from it but without causing the appearance of disorders in the external coating and without requiring the use of metallic connections between planelles and load-bearing parts.
  • At least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating plate and the planar so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said air spaces, and in which the air can circulate by convection to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles .
  • conduits can possibly communicate with the outside.
  • the air gap (s) extend vertically between the lower and upper faces of the block.
  • the connection between the insulating plate and the planar is made by means of projecting ribs parallel to each other and embedded in corresponding grooves of the planar, the air gaps can be formed between neighboring ribs.
  • the invention relates not only to standard building blocks, but also to special blocks for singular points.
  • the invention also relates to a corner block comprising an external construction element and an insulating element each formed by two parts perpendicular to each other and connected to each other, block characterized in that at least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating element and the building element.
  • the invention also relates to a block known as a "table" block for the vertical delimitation of a frame, a block which comprises a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to each other by it and which is characterized by a vertical recess formed on one side of the block over the entire height thereof for housing an interior extension of the insulating plate between said side of the block and an inner rim of the plane, and at least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating plate and the plane.
  • the exterior walls of a building can thus be produced with perfect continuity of the insulation incorporated into the walls and by placing the bearing parts of the blocks on the interior side.
  • the reference 10 designates a standard building block according to the invention.
  • the block 10 comprises a bearing part 11 and a plane 12 between which is housed a plate insulating 13.
  • the connection between the constituent elements of the block 10 is carried out by ribs 14, 15 forming tenons on each side of the insulating plate and engaged in grooves 16-17 forming mortises in the facing faces of the bearing part and the planelle, respectively.
  • the ribs 14, 15 and grooves 16, 17 have a dovetail cross section and extend parallel to each other and vertically over the entire height of the block.
  • the bearing part and the planar are elements made of building material, for example concrete or terracotta, and are provided, in known manner, with cells 18.
  • the dimensions of the bearing part 11 are those of a conventional block without incorporated insulation.
  • the plane 12 has the same height h and length 1 as the bearing part 11, but a reduced thickness e, for example between 5 and 10 cm.
  • the insulating plate 13 is made of an expanded material, for example polystyrene.
  • the thickness E of the plate 13 depends on the desired insulation characteristics. In practice, this width is chosen between approximately 5 and 10 cm.
  • the plate 13 has a height and a length slightly greater than that of the plane and of the bearing part so as to reserve the place of bonding mortar between adjacent bearing parts, on the one hand, and between bearing parts, on the other hand, without there being any play between them; block insulating plates arranged side by side or one above the other.
  • the load-bearing part 11 - insulating plate 13 - planar 12 assembly forms a block capable of being laid in the traditional way by a mason and whose weight, for information purposes, may be approximately 25 kg. Grooves 11a, 12a are formed in the vertical lateral edges of the supporting parts 11 and planar 12 to reserve the location of the mortar connecting blocks arranged side by side.
  • vertical recesses in the form of grooves with a U-shaped cross section are provided in the face of the insulating plate 13, over the entire height of the block and in the interval between neighboring parallel ribs 15. These recesses constitute air spaces 19 between the facing faces of the plane 12 and of the insulating plate 13.
  • the air knives 19 arranged end to end constitute vertical channels extending over the entire height of the wall and possibly communicating with the outside. This communication is carried out either naturally, or by providing passages at the base and at the top of the wall to establish forced circulation by convection of the outside air in the air spaces 19. In both cases, the presence of air knives 19 avoids the appa rition of a too large temperature gradient between the interior and exterior faces of the planelles 12. This eliminates a cause of cracking of the planelles and the exterior coating which covers them when the wall is finished.
  • the width of the useful insulation is that of the plate 13 at the level of the air knives 19.
  • An increase in the thickness of the air knives then results in the same increase in the total thickness of the block if the we want to keep the same insulation characteristics. This is why it is preferable to limit the thickness to air knives 19 while giving it a value sufficient to ensure satisfactory "ventilation".
  • a value will preferably be chosen for between 1 and 3 cm, for example 1.5 to 2 cm.
  • the continuity of the insulation may not be interrupted at the level of the floors, these resting on the bearing parts only. At this level, a connection by staples, pins. or other reinforcements, can be provided through the insulation between the floor and the planelles to guarantee their stability.
  • Another advantageous feature of the invention consists in the possibility of using particular blocks at the singular points of a building so as to achieve continuity of the insulation throughout the wall without exception.
  • the building L-shaped corner blocks such as 20 each consisting of an external construction element 22, comprising two parts perpendicular to each other provided with cells 28, and an insulating element 23 also comprising two by perpendicular to each other.
  • the external elements 21 and insulator 23 are each formed in one piece and are assembled by means of vertical ribs 25, formed on the faces of the two parts of the insulator 23 facing the element 22 and engaged in grooves 27 formed in the inner faces of the two parts of the plane 22. Between the ribs 25, recesses are formed in the insulation 23 to form vertical air spaces 29 between the facing faces of the external element and the insulating element .
  • the ribs 25, grooves 27 and air knives 29 of the block are similar to the ribs 15, grooves 17 and air knives 19 of the blocks 10.
  • the thickness and height of the plane 22 and of the insulation 23 are respectively equal to those of the planes 12 and plates 13 of the blocks 10.
  • the block 20 therefore connects exactly two standard blocks 10 at the corner of a building, with the exception of the bearing part. Indeed, the interior faces of the insulator are free while having vertical ribs 24 similar to the ribs 14 of the blocks 10.
  • the block 30 comprises a bearing part 31, a plane 32 both having cells 38, and an insulating plate 33 connecting the plane to the bearing part by means of ribs 34, 35 provided on each face of the plate 33 and engaged in grooves 36, 37 of the facing faces of the bearing part 31 and of the plane 32.
  • Recesses are provided in the plate 33 between the ribs 35 to form air gaps 39 between the facing faces of the plate 33 and the planelle 32.
  • the block 30 differs from the block 10 in that, on the side bordering the opening 40, the plane 32 is extended by an inner rim 42.
  • the bearing part 31 On the same side, the bearing part 31 has a recess 41 which extends vertically over the entire height of the block and which allows the housing of an insulating tongue 43 which forms an inner rim of the insulating plate 33.
  • the tongue 43 and the plate 33 may or may not be formed in one piece.
  • the rim 42 extends over only part of the thickness of the block 30.
  • the extreme inside face of the rim 42 and the lateral edges of the tongue 43 and of the thinned end of the bearing part 31 constitute a housing in which a frame 45 can be mounted with the interposition of a sealing material 46. There is therefore continuity of the insulation up to the vertical delimitation of the frame housing.
  • the air gaps between the plane and the insulating plate may be formed by grooves formed not in the insulating plate; but in the planelle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

1. Prefabricated building unit with incorporated insulation, and designed to the manufacture of an insulated wall by assembling such units by means of a mortar, said unit (10) comprising a bearing part (11) designed to be placed in the inner side of the wall, a facing part (12) designed to be placed on the outer side of the wall and an insulating plate (13) interposed between the bearing part (11) and the facing part (12), and having projecting ribs (14, 15) engaged in corresponding grooves (16, 17) provided in those sides of the bearing part and the facing part, which are in opposite relation, the insulating plate constituting the means for connecting the facing part (12) to the bearing part (11), characterized in that a plurality of air gaps (19) are provided between the opposite faces of the insulating plate (13) and of the facing part (12), so that when several units are assembled together, channels are formed by aligned air gaps, inside which the air can flow in these channels to reduce the temperature differences between the opposite faces of the facing parts of the assembled units and prevent deterioration of these facing parts owing to thermal stresses.

Description

La présente invention concerne les blocs de construction à isolant incorporé. Par blocs de construction, on entend ici les éléments susceptibles d'être montés de façon traditionnelle par un maçon, avec un mortier usuel.The present invention relates to building blocks with incorporated insulation. By building blocks is meant here the elements capable of being assembled in the traditional way by a mason, with a usual mortar.

La présente invention a notamment pour objet un bloc du type comportant une partie portante et une planelle disposées sur chaque face d'une plaque isolante et reliées l'une à l'autre par celle-ci.The subject of the present invention is in particular a block of the type comprising a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to one another by the latter.

On connaît déjà des blocs de construction de ce type dans lesquels la partie portante est destinée à être disposée du côté extérieur d'une construction, par exemple au mur de bâtiment, tandis que la planelle forme contre-cloison. Des liaisons de type tenon- mortaise relient les deux faces de la plaque isolante respectivement à la partie portante et à la contre-cloison. De tels blocs sont notamment décrits dans le brevet français n° 2 341.714Building blocks of this type are already known in which the bearing part is intended to be disposed on the outside of a construction, for example on the wall of a building, while the planelle forms a counter-partition. Connections of the tenon-mortise type connect the two faces of the insulating plate respectively to the bearing part and to the counter-partition. Such blocks are described in particular in French patent No. 2,341,714

L'utilisation de ces blocs connus apporte certes des résultats appréciables sur le plan de l'isolation thermique, mais quelques inconvénients subsistent.The use of these known blocks certainly provides appreciable results in terms of thermal insulation, but some drawbacks remain.

Ainsi, si l'on cherche à réaliser une isolation très poussée, des difficultés sont rencontrées au niveau des planchers. En effet, ceux-ci doivent nécessairement s'appuyer sur les parties portantes, ce qui crée inévitablement des ponts thermiques aux abouts de planchers.Thus, if one seeks to achieve very advanced insulation, difficulties are encountered at the level of the floors. Indeed, these must necessarily rest on the load-bearing parts, which inevitably creates thermal bridges at the ends of floors.

Par ailleurs, les parties extérieures soumises aux variations thermiques et sujettes aux fissurations sont les parties assurant la fonction portante.Furthermore, the external parts subjected to thermal variations and subject to cracking are the parts ensuring the load-bearing function.

Enfin, les contre-cloisons situées du côté intérieur sont des parties d'épaisseur réduite et ne peuvent pas constituer des revêtements ayant une inertie thermique notable.Finally, the interior partitions are parts of reduced thickness and do not cannot constitute coatings having a significant thermal inertia.

Il a été proposé de remédier à ces inconvénients en disposant la partie portante du côté intérieur. Ainsi, la continuité de l'isolant peut ne pas être interrompue au niveau des abouts de planchers et les parties portantes constituent un revêtement intérieur non exposé aux chocs thermiques et d'inertie thermique appréciable. Toutefois, cette solution peut entraîner l'apparition de graves désordres dans le revêtement formé par les planelles extérieures. En effet, ce revêtement extérieur mince est exposé aux chocs thermiques, lesquels peuvent être particulièrement sévères dans le cas de murs exposés au soleil, les températures minimales et maximales pouvant facilement dif- . férerde quelques dizaines de degrés. Le revêtement extérieur est alors amené à se fissurer très rapidement. Pour augmenter la solidité de ce revêtement, il a bien été suggéré de relier chaque planelle à la partie portante non seulement par la plaque isolante, mais aussi par des broches métalliques, ce qui revient alors à créer un très grand nombre de petits ponts thermiques et constitue donc une solution inacceptable.It has been proposed to remedy these drawbacks by placing the bearing part on the interior side. Thus, the continuity of the insulation may not be interrupted at the level of the floor ends and the bearing parts constitute an interior coating not exposed to thermal shock and appreciable thermal inertia. However, this solution can lead to the appearance of serious disorders in the coating formed by the outer planelles. In fact, this thin exterior coating is exposed to thermal shock, which can be particularly severe in the case of walls exposed to the sun, the minimum and maximum temperatures being able to easily differ. a few tens of degrees. The external coating is then caused to crack very quickly. To increase the solidity of this coating, it has been suggested to connect each planelle to the bearing part not only by the insulating plate, but also by metal pins, which then amounts to creating a very large number of small thermal bridges and therefore constitutes an unacceptable solution.

Aussi, suivant un de ses aspects, la présente invention a alors pour but de fournir un bloc de construction du type indiqué en tête de la description, bloc qui puisse être utilisé avec la planelle située du du côté extérieur,-c'est-à-dire avec isolation par l'extérieur, avec tous les avantages qui en découlent mais sans entraîner l'apparition de désordres dans le revêtement extérieur et sans nécessiter l'utilisation de liaisons métalliques entre planelles et parties portantes.Also, according to one of its aspects, the object of the present invention is then to provide a building block of the type indicated at the head of the description, a block which can be used with the plane located on the outside, -to say with insulation from the outside, with all the advantages which ensue from it but without causing the appearance of disorders in the external coating and without requiring the use of metallic connections between planelles and load-bearing parts.

Ce but est atteint du fait que, conformément à la présente invention, au moins une lame d'air est ménagée entre les faces en regard de la plaque isolante et de la planelle de manière à constituer, lorsque plusieurs blocs sont assemblés, des conduits formés par lesdites lames d'air, et dans lesquels l'air peut circuler par convection pour réduire l'écart entre les températures régnant sur les faces opposées des planelles.This object is achieved because, in accordance with the present invention, at least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating plate and the planar so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said air spaces, and in which the air can circulate by convection to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles .

Ces conduits peuvent éventuellement communiquer avec l'extérieur.These conduits can possibly communicate with the outside.

L'équilibrage des températures de part et d'autre des planelles évite ainsi l'apparition de' désordres d'origine thermique lorsque les planelles sont situées du côté extérieur.Balancing the temperatures on both sides of the plates thus avoids the appearance of thermal disorders when the plates are located on the outside.

De préférence, la ou les lames d'air s'étendent verticalement entre les faces inférieure et supérieure du bloc. Dans le cas où la liaison entre la plaque isolante et la planelle est réalisée au moyen de nervures en saillie parallèles entre elles et encastrées dans des rainures correspondantes de la planelle, les lames d'air peuvent être ménagées entre nervures voisines.Preferably, the air gap (s) extend vertically between the lower and upper faces of the block. In the case where the connection between the insulating plate and the planar is made by means of projecting ribs parallel to each other and embedded in corresponding grooves of the planar, the air gaps can be formed between neighboring ribs.

L'invention concerne non seulement les blocs de construction standards, mais également des blocs spéciaux destinés aux points singuliers.The invention relates not only to standard building blocks, but also to special blocks for singular points.

Ainsi, suivant un autre de ses aspects, l'invention a aussi pour objet un bloc d'angle comportant un élément de construction extérieur et un élément isolant formé chacun de deux parties perpendiculaires entre elles et reliés l'un à l'autre,bloc caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une lame d'air est ménagée entre les faces en regard de l'élément isolant et de l'élément de construction.Thus, according to another of its aspects, the invention also relates to a corner block comprising an external construction element and an insulating element each formed by two parts perpendicular to each other and connected to each other, block characterized in that at least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating element and the building element.

Dans ce bloc d'angle, les faces à angle droit de l'élément isolant opposées à celles reliées à l'élément de construction sont libres et constituent, lorsque plusieurs blocs d'angle sont superposés, deux parois d'un coffrage dans lequel un poteau peut être coulé. On retrouve alors la structure partie portante.(poteau)-isolant-élément extérieur.In this corner block, the right-angled faces of the insulating element opposite to those connected to the construction element are free and constitute, when several corner blocks are superimposed, two walls of a formwork in which a post can be poured. We re then finds the supporting part structure (post) -insulator-external element.

Suivant encore un autre de ses aspects, l'invention a aussi pour objet un bloc dit bloc "tableau" pour la délimitation verticale d'un dormant , bloc qui comporte une partie portante et une planelle disposées sur chaque face d'une plaque isolante et reliées l'une à l'autre par celle-ci et qui est caractérisé par un décrochement vertical formé d'un côté du bloc sur toute la hauteur de celui-ci pour le logement d'un prolongement intérieur de la plaque isolante entre ledit côté du bloc et un rebord intérieur de la planelle, et au moins une lame d'air est ménagée entre les faces en regard de la plaque isolante et de la planelle.According to yet another of its aspects, the invention also relates to a block known as a "table" block for the vertical delimitation of a frame, a block which comprises a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to each other by it and which is characterized by a vertical recess formed on one side of the block over the entire height thereof for housing an interior extension of the insulating plate between said side of the block and an inner rim of the plane, and at least one air space is provided between the facing faces of the insulating plate and the plane.

Par l'utilisation des blocs standards et spéciaux conformes à l'invention, on peut ainsi réaliser les murs extérieurs d'un bâtiment avec une parfaite continuité de l'isolant incorporé dans les murs et en disposant les parties portantes des blocs du côté intérieur.By using the standard and special blocks in accordance with the invention, the exterior walls of a building can thus be produced with perfect continuity of the insulation incorporated into the walls and by placing the bearing parts of the blocks on the interior side.

D'autres particularités et avantages des blocs de construction conformes à l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après, à titre indicatif mais non limitatif en référence aux dessins joints sur lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 est une vue de dessus montrant plusieurs blocs conformes à l'invention placés côte à côte; et
  • - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
Other particularities and advantages of the building blocks in accordance with the invention will emerge on reading the description given below, by way of indication but not limiting with reference to the attached drawings in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a top view showing several blocks according to the invention placed side by side; and
  • - Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, la référence 10 désigne un bloc de construction standard conforme à l'invention.In Figures 1 and 2, the reference 10 designates a standard building block according to the invention.

Le bloc 10 comporte une partie portante 11 et une planelle 12 entre lesquelles est logée une plaque isolante 13. La liaison entre les éléments constitutifs du bloc 10 est réalisée par des nervures 14, 15 formant tenons sur chaque face de la plaque isolante et engagées dans des rainures 16- 17 formant mortaises dans les faces en regard de la partie portante et de la planelle, respectivement.The block 10 comprises a bearing part 11 and a plane 12 between which is housed a plate insulating 13. The connection between the constituent elements of the block 10 is carried out by ribs 14, 15 forming tenons on each side of the insulating plate and engaged in grooves 16-17 forming mortises in the facing faces of the bearing part and the planelle, respectively.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les nervures 14, 15 et rainures 16, 17 sont à section transversale en queue d'aronde et s'étendent parallèlement les unes aux autres et verticalement sur toute la hauteur du bloc.In the example illustrated, the ribs 14, 15 and grooves 16, 17 have a dovetail cross section and extend parallel to each other and vertically over the entire height of the block.

En variante, d'autres formes de section transversale, orientations et/ou longueurs des nervures et rainures pourront être choisies, pour autant que la liaison entre les éléments constitutifs du bloc soit suffisante pour résister aux manipulations de celui-ci jusqu'à son montage sur le chantier.As a variant, other shapes of cross section, orientations and / or lengths of the ribs and grooves may be chosen, provided that the connection between the constituent elements of the block is sufficient to withstand manipulation of the latter until it is assembled. on site.

La partie portante et la planelle sont des éléments réalisés en matériau de construction, par exemple béton ou terre cuite, et sont munis, de façon connue,d'alvéoles 18.The bearing part and the planar are elements made of building material, for example concrete or terracotta, and are provided, in known manner, with cells 18.

Les dimensions de la partie portante 11 sont celles d'un bloc usuel sans isolant incorporé.The dimensions of the bearing part 11 are those of a conventional block without incorporated insulation.

La planelle 12 a mêmes hauteur h et longueur 1 que la partie portante 11, mais une épaisseur e réduite, par exemple comprise entre 5 et 10 cm.The plane 12 has the same height h and length 1 as the bearing part 11, but a reduced thickness e, for example between 5 and 10 cm.

La plaque isolante 13 est en un matériau expansé, par exemple polystyrène. L'épaisseur E de la plaque 13 dépend des caractéristiques d'isolation souhaitées. En pratique, cette largeur est choisie entre 5 et 10 cm environ. Avantageusement, la plaque 13 a une hauteur et une longueur légèrement supérieures à celles de la planelle et de la partie portante de manière à réserver le place de mortier de liaison entre parties portantes adjacentes, d'une part, et entre parties portantes, d'autre part, sans qu'il y ait de jeu entre les; plaques isolantes de blocs disposés côte à côte ou l'un au-dessus de l'autre. L'ensemble partie portante 11 - plaque isolante 13 - planelle 12 forme un bloc susceptible d'être posé de façon traditionnelle par un maçon et dont le poids, à titre indicatif, peut être environ de 25 kg. Des rainures lla, 12a sont formées dans les bords latéraux verticaux des parties portantes 11 et planelles 12 pour réserver l'emplacement du mortier de liaison entre blocs disposés côte à côte.The insulating plate 13 is made of an expanded material, for example polystyrene. The thickness E of the plate 13 depends on the desired insulation characteristics. In practice, this width is chosen between approximately 5 and 10 cm. Advantageously, the plate 13 has a height and a length slightly greater than that of the plane and of the bearing part so as to reserve the place of bonding mortar between adjacent bearing parts, on the one hand, and between bearing parts, on the other hand, without there being any play between them; block insulating plates arranged side by side or one above the other. The load-bearing part 11 - insulating plate 13 - planar 12 assembly forms a block capable of being laid in the traditional way by a mason and whose weight, for information purposes, may be approximately 25 kg. Grooves 11a, 12a are formed in the vertical lateral edges of the supporting parts 11 and planar 12 to reserve the location of the mortar connecting blocks arranged side by side.

Pour réaliser un bloc 10, on peut partir d'éléments préfabriqués séparément les uns des autres et assemblés par ajustage en translation de la plaque isolante entre la partie portante et la planelle.To make a block 10, it is possible to start from prefabricated elements separately from each other and assembled by adjustment in translation of the insulating plate between the bearing part and the planar.

Comme on peut le voir sur.les figures 1 et 2, la partie portante 11 et la plaque isolante 13 sont reliées l'une à l'autre sans jeu entre leurs faces en regard.As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the bearing part 11 and the insulating plate 13 are connected to each other without play between their opposite faces.

Par contre, conformément à l'invention, des évidements verticaux en forme de rainures à section transversales en U sont prévus dans la face de la plaque isolante 13, sur toute la hauteur du bloc et dans l'intervalle entre nervures 15 parallèles voisines. Ces évidements constituent des lames d'air 19 entre les faces en regard de la planelle 12 et de la plaque isolante 13.On the other hand, in accordance with the invention, vertical recesses in the form of grooves with a U-shaped cross section are provided in the face of the insulating plate 13, over the entire height of the block and in the interval between neighboring parallel ribs 15. These recesses constitute air spaces 19 between the facing faces of the plane 12 and of the insulating plate 13.

Lorsque plusieurs blocs sont superposés pour former un mur avec les planelles 12 du côté extérieur, les lames d'air 19 disposées bout à bout constituent des canaux verticaux s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du mur et communiquant éventuellement avec l'extérieur. Cette communication est réalisée soit de façon naturelle, soit en prévoyant des passages à la base et au sommet du mur pour établir une circulation forcée par convection de l'air extérieur dans les lames d'air 19. Dans les deux cas, la présence des lames d'air 19 permet d'éviter l'apparition d'un gradient de température trop important entre les faces intérieures et extérieures des planelles 12. On supprime ainsi une cause de..fissuration des planelles et de l'enduit extérieur qui les recouvre lorsque le mur est terminé.When several blocks are superimposed to form a wall with the planes 12 on the outside, the air knives 19 arranged end to end constitute vertical channels extending over the entire height of the wall and possibly communicating with the outside. This communication is carried out either naturally, or by providing passages at the base and at the top of the wall to establish forced circulation by convection of the outside air in the air spaces 19. In both cases, the presence of air knives 19 avoids the appa rition of a too large temperature gradient between the interior and exterior faces of the planelles 12. This eliminates a cause of cracking of the planelles and the exterior coating which covers them when the wall is finished.

La largeur de l'isolant utile est celle de la plaqué 13 au niveau des lames d'air 19. Une augmentation de l'épaisseur des lames d'air se traduit alors par une même augmentation de l'épaisseur totale du bloc si l'on veut conserver les mêmes caractéristiques d'isolation. C'est pourquoi, il est préférable de limiter l'épaisseur a des lames d'air 19 tout en lui conférant une valeur suffisante pour assurer une "ventilation " satisfaisante. En pratique, on choisira pour a une valeur de préférence comprise entre 1 et 3 cm, par exem- - ple 1,5 à 2 cm.The width of the useful insulation is that of the plate 13 at the level of the air knives 19. An increase in the thickness of the air knives then results in the same increase in the total thickness of the block if the we want to keep the same insulation characteristics. This is why it is preferable to limit the thickness to air knives 19 while giving it a value sufficient to ensure satisfactory "ventilation". In practice, a value will preferably be chosen for between 1 and 3 cm, for example 1.5 to 2 cm.

Du fait de la disposition des parties portantes 11 du côté intérieur, la continuité de l'isolation peut ne pas être interrompue au niveau des planchers, ceux-ci reposant sur les parties portantes uniquement. A ce niveau, une liaison par agrafes, épingles. ou autres armatures, peut être prévue à travers l'isolant entre le plancher et les planelles pour garantir la stabilité de celles-ci.Due to the arrangement of the bearing parts 11 on the inner side, the continuity of the insulation may not be interrupted at the level of the floors, these resting on the bearing parts only. At this level, a connection by staples, pins. or other reinforcements, can be provided through the insulation between the floor and the planelles to guarantee their stability.

Une autre particularité avantageuse de l'invention consiste dans la possibilité d'utilisation de blocs particuliers aux points singuliers d'un bâtiment de façon à réaliser la continuité de l'isolant dans tout le mur sans exception.Another advantageous feature of the invention consists in the possibility of using particular blocks at the singular points of a building so as to achieve continuity of the insulation throughout the wall without exception.

Ainsi, comme illustré par la figure 1, on peut superposer aux angles du bâtiment des blocs d'angle en L, tels que 20 constitués chacun d'un élément de construction extérieur 22, comprenant deux parties perpendiculaires entre elles munies d'alvéoles 28, et d'un élément isolant 23 comprenant également deux parties perpendiculaires entre elles. Les éléments extérieurs 21 et isolant 23 sont formés chacun en une seule pièce et sont assemblés au moyen de nervures verticales 25, formées sur les faces des deux parties de l'isolant 23 tournées vers l'élément 22 et engagées dans des rainures 27 formées dans les faces intérieures des deux parties de la planelle 22. Entre les nervures 25, des évidements sont formés dans l'isolant 23 pour constituer des lames d'air verticales 29 entre les faces en regard de l'élément extérieur et de l'élément isolant.Thus, as illustrated by FIG. 1, it is possible to superimpose on the corners of the building L-shaped corner blocks, such as 20 each consisting of an external construction element 22, comprising two parts perpendicular to each other provided with cells 28, and an insulating element 23 also comprising two by perpendicular to each other. The external elements 21 and insulator 23 are each formed in one piece and are assembled by means of vertical ribs 25, formed on the faces of the two parts of the insulator 23 facing the element 22 and engaged in grooves 27 formed in the inner faces of the two parts of the plane 22. Between the ribs 25, recesses are formed in the insulation 23 to form vertical air spaces 29 between the facing faces of the external element and the insulating element .

Les nervures 25, rainures 27 et lames d'air 29 du bloc sont semblables aux nervures 15, rainures 17 et lames d'air 19 des blocs 10. En outre, l'épaisseur et la hauteur de la planelle 22 et de l'isolant 23 sont égales respectivement à celles des planelles 12 et plaques 13 des blocs 10. Ainsi, le bloc 20 raccorde donc exactement deux blocs standards 10 à l'angle d'un bâtiment, à l'exception de la partie portante. En effet, les faces intérieures de l'isolant sont libres tout en présentant toutefois des nervures verticales 24 analogues aux nervures 14 des blocs 10.The ribs 25, grooves 27 and air knives 29 of the block are similar to the ribs 15, grooves 17 and air knives 19 of the blocks 10. In addition, the thickness and height of the plane 22 and of the insulation 23 are respectively equal to those of the planes 12 and plates 13 of the blocks 10. Thus, the block 20 therefore connects exactly two standard blocks 10 at the corner of a building, with the exception of the bearing part. Indeed, the interior faces of the insulator are free while having vertical ribs 24 similar to the ribs 14 of the blocks 10.

Les faces intérieures verticales de l'isolant 23 du bloc d'angle 20 et les bords verticaux extrêmes des blocs standards 10 adjacents délimitent un logement 21 dans lequel peut être coulé un poteau après disposition d'armatures 21a. Du fait de la présence des nervures 24 et des rainures lla, le poteau une fois coulé est lié à la fois à l'isolant 23 et aux parties portantes 11 adjacentes aux blocs d'angle superposés. On réalise donc ainsi la parfaite continuité de la construction au niveau des angles.The vertical interior faces of the insulator 23 of the corner block 20 and the extreme vertical edges of the adjacent standard blocks 10 delimit a housing 21 into which a post can be poured after the provision of reinforcements 21a. Due to the presence of the ribs 24 and the grooves 11a, the post, once cast, is linked both to the insulation 23 and to the bearing parts 11 adjacent to the superimposed corner blocks. We thus achieve perfect continuity of construction at the corners.

D'autres points singuliers sont les encadrements des ouvertures formées dans les murs. Avantageusement, la délimitation verticale de ces encadrements est réalisée au moyen de blocs tableau tels que le bloc 30 de la figure 1.Other singular points are the framing of the openings formed in the walls. Advantageously, the vertical delimitation of these frames is carried out by means of table blocks such as the block 30 of figure 1.

Comme le bloc 10, le bloc 30 comporte une partie portante 31, une planelle 32 présentant toutes deux des alvéoles 38, et une plaque isolante 33 reliant la planelle à la partie portante grâce à des nervures 34, 35 prévues sur chaque face de la plaque 33 et engagées dans des rainures 36, 37 des faces en regard de la partie portante 31 et de la planelle 32. Des évidements sont prévus dans la plaque 33 entre les nervures 35 pour constituer des lames d'air 39 entre les faces en regard de la plaque 33 et de la planelle 32.Like the block 10, the block 30 comprises a bearing part 31, a plane 32 both having cells 38, and an insulating plate 33 connecting the plane to the bearing part by means of ribs 34, 35 provided on each face of the plate 33 and engaged in grooves 36, 37 of the facing faces of the bearing part 31 and of the plane 32. Recesses are provided in the plate 33 between the ribs 35 to form air gaps 39 between the facing faces of the plate 33 and the planelle 32.

Le bloc 30 se distingue du bloc 10 en ce que, du côté bordant l'ouverture 40, la planelle 32 est prolongée par un rebord intérieur 42. De ce même côté, la partie portante 31 présente un décrochement 41 qui s'étend verticalement sur toute la hauteur du bloc et qui permet le logement d'une languette isolante 43 qui forme un rebord intérieur de la plaque isolante 33. La languette 43 et la plaque 33 peuvent ou non être formées en une seule pièce.The block 30 differs from the block 10 in that, on the side bordering the opening 40, the plane 32 is extended by an inner rim 42. On the same side, the bearing part 31 has a recess 41 which extends vertically over the entire height of the block and which allows the housing of an insulating tongue 43 which forms an inner rim of the insulating plate 33. The tongue 43 and the plate 33 may or may not be formed in one piece.

Le rebord 42 s':étend sur une partie seulement de l'épaisseur du bloc 30. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, la face intérieure extrême du rebord 42 et les bords latéraux de la languette 43 et de l'extrémité amincie de la partie portante 31 constituent un logement dans lequel peut être monté un dormant 45 avec interposition d'un matériau d'étanchéité 46. On retrouve donc la continuité de l'isolant jusqu'à la délimitation verticale du logement du dormant.The rim 42 extends over only part of the thickness of the block 30. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the extreme inside face of the rim 42 and the lateral edges of the tongue 43 and of the thinned end of the bearing part 31 constitute a housing in which a frame 45 can be mounted with the interposition of a sealing material 46. There is therefore continuity of the insulation up to the vertical delimitation of the frame housing.

Bien entendu, diverses modifications ou adjonctions pourront être apportées aux modes de réalisation décrits ci-avant d'un bloc de construction conforme à l'invention, sans pour cela sortir du cadre de protection défini par les revendications annexées.Of course, various modifications or additions may be made to the embodiments described above of a building block according to the invention, without thereby departing from the protective framework defined by the appended claims.

Ainsi, les lames d'air entre planelle et plaque isolante pourront être constituées par des rainures formées non dans la plaque isolante; mais dans la planelle.Thus, the air gaps between the plane and the insulating plate may be formed by grooves formed not in the insulating plate; but in the planelle.

Claims (8)

1. Bloc de construction préfabriqué à isolant incorporé pour isolation par l'extérieur, comportant une partie portante et une planelle disposées sur chaque face d'une plaque isolante et reliées l'une à l'autre par celle-ci, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une lame d'air (19) est ménagée entre les faces en regard de la plaque isolante (13) et de la planelle (12) de manière à constituer, lorsque plusieurs blocs sont assemblés, des conduits formés par lesdites lames d'air et dans lesquels l'air peut circuler pour réduire l'écart entre les températures régnant sur les faces opposées des planelles (12).1. Prefabricated building block with insulating material incorporated for insulation from the outside, comprising a bearing part and a plate arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to each other by the latter, characterized in that '' at least one air gap (19) is formed between the facing faces of the insulating plate (13) and the planar (12) so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said blades air and in which air can circulate to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles (12). 2. Bloc de construction d'angle préfabriqué à isolant incorporé, comportant un élément de construction extérieur et un élément isolant formé chacun de deux parties perpendiculaires entre elles et reliés l'un à l'autre, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une lame d'air (29) est ménagée entre les faces en regard de l'élément isolant (23) et de l'élément de construction (22) de manière à constituer, lorsque plusieurs blocs sont assemblés, des conduits formés par lesdites lames d'air, et dans lesquels l'air peut circuler pour réduire l'écart entre les températures régnant sur les faces opposées des éléments de construction.2. Prefabricated corner building block with incorporated insulation, comprising an external construction element and an insulating element each formed by two perpendicular parts and connected to each other, characterized in that at least one strip air (29) is formed between the facing faces of the insulating element (23) and the construction element (22) so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said blades air, and in which air can circulate to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the building elements. 3. Bloc de construction préfabriqué à isolant incorporé pour la délimitation verticale d'un dormant, bloc comportant une partie portante et une planelle disposées sur chaque face d'une plaque isolante et reliées l'une à l'autre par celle-ci, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une lame d'air (39) est ménagée entre les faces en regard de la plaque isolante (33) et de la planelle (32) de manière à constituer, lorsque plusieurs blocs sont assemblés, des conduits formés par lesdites lames d'air et dans lesquels l'air peut circuler pour réduire l'écart entre les températures régnant sur les faces opposées des planelles, et en ce qu'un décrochement vertical (41) formé d'un côté du bloc (30) sur toute la hauteur de celui-ci pour le logement d'un prolongement intérieur (43) de la plaque isolante (39) entre ledit côté du bloc (30) et un rebord intérieur (42) de la planelle (32).3. Prefabricated building block with incorporated insulator for the vertical delimitation of a frame, block comprising a bearing part and a plane arranged on each face of an insulating plate and connected to each other by the latter, characterized in that at least one air gap (39) is formed between the facing faces of the insulating plate (33) and of the plane (32) so as to constitute, when several blocks are assembled, conduits formed by said air gaps and in which air can circulate to reduce the difference between the temperatures prevailing on the opposite faces of the planelles, and in that a vertical recess (41) formed on one side of the block (30) over the entire height of the latter for housing an inner extension (43) of the insulating plate (39) between said side of the block (30) and an inner rim (42) of the plane (32). 4. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la ou les lames d'air (19, 29, 39) s'étendent verticalement entre les faces inférieure et supérieure du bloc (10, 20, 30).4. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air gap (s) (19, 29, 39) extend vertically between the lower and upper faces of the block (10, 20 , 30). 5. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la liaison entre la plaque isolante et la planelle est réalisée au moyen de nervures en saillie parallèles entre elles et encastrées dans des rainures correspondantes de la planelle, caractérisé en ce que les lames d'air (19,29,39) sont formées par des évidements pratiqués dans la plaque isolante (13,23,33) entre lesdites nervures (15,25,35).5. A building block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the connection between the insulating plate and the planar is produced by projecting ribs parallel to each other and embedded in corresponding grooves of the planar, characterized in that the air knives (19,29,39) are formed by recesses made in the insulating plate (13,23,33) between said ribs (15,25,35). 6. Bloc de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les lames d'air (19,29,39) ont une épaisseur comprise entre 1 et 3 cm.6. Building block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the air knives (19,29,39) have a thickness between 1 and 3 cm. 7. Bloc de construction d'angle selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les faces intérieures perpendicualires entre elles de l'élément isolant (23) sont libres de manière à former des parties d'un coffrage (21) dans lequel un poteau peut être coulé.7. Corner building block according to claim 2, characterized in that the interior faces perpendicular to each other of the insulating element (23) are free so as to form parts of a formwork (21) in which a post can be poured. 8. Bloc de construction d'angle selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdites faces intérieures sont munies de nervures (24) permettant de réaliser une liaison entre l'élément isolant (23) et ledit poteau.8. Corner building block according to claim 7, characterized in that said inner faces are provided with ribs (24) allowing a connection to be made between the insulating element (23) and said post.
EP81400726A 1980-05-29 1981-05-07 Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation Expired EP0041417B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81400726T ATE8805T1 (en) 1980-05-29 1981-05-07 BUILDING BLOCK WITH INTEGRATED THERMAL INSULATION FOR INSULATION FROM THE OUTSIDE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8011973 1980-05-29
FR8011973A FR2485063A1 (en) 1980-05-29 1980-05-29 BUILDING BLOCK WITH BUILT-IN INSULATION

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EP0041417A1 true EP0041417A1 (en) 1981-12-09
EP0041417B1 EP0041417B1 (en) 1984-08-01

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EP81400726A Expired EP0041417B1 (en) 1980-05-29 1981-05-07 Building block with insulating material incorporated therein for exterior insulation

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EP (1) EP0041417B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE8805T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3165198D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2485063A1 (en)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2558867A1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-02 Schneider Charles Cladding panel made in precast reinforced concrete, with dynamic parietal insulation
FR2577255A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 Manent Vincent Considerable improvements relating to isothermal corner building blocks
EP0112213B1 (en) * 1982-11-25 1987-04-15 Vibro Ouest S.A. Externally insulated breeze-block and process for assembling such a block
FR2588901A1 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-24 Tuilerie Briqueterie Bressane Composite block
WO1998010156A1 (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-03-12 Polyplank Ab Method for interconnecting boards for forming a unit assembly and a unit assembly produced according to the method
EP1085137A1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-21 Fornaci Di Masserano Bruno Tarello S.R.L. An insulating enbloc for buildings
WO2006014038A1 (en) * 2004-07-31 2006-02-09 Jgb Co., Ltd. Architectural brick included a container
WO2006014039A1 (en) * 2004-07-31 2006-02-09 Jgb Co., Ltd. Architectural brick used to building works method
FR2927915A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-08-28 Alain Sergeant BUILDING BLOCK WITH INTEGRATED INSULATION.
EP2116663A1 (en) 2008-05-08 2009-11-11 Stamford Consulting Limited Insulating composite block for the building industry, and method of manufacturing said block
EP2226444A2 (en) 2009-03-02 2010-09-08 Hirsch Porozell GmbH Wall and method for producing same
CN113090076A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-09 北京林婉嫕空间艺术设计有限公司 Modular prefabricated integrated building construction system and construction method thereof

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI67739C (en) * 1984-01-17 1985-05-10 Matti Antero Sundberg BYGGNADSBLOCK

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FR2122357A1 (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-09-01 Toussaint Jacques
FR2341714A1 (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-09-16 Centre Etd Rech Ind Beton PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION BLOCK AND METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS MANUFACTURING

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FR2357695A1 (en) * 1976-07-08 1978-02-03 Cofirag Sa Prefabricated building construction system - uses standard lightweight concrete components to form external supporting walls

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FR2122357A1 (en) * 1971-01-22 1972-09-01 Toussaint Jacques
FR2341714A1 (en) * 1976-02-23 1977-09-16 Centre Etd Rech Ind Beton PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION BLOCK AND METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS MANUFACTURING

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112213B1 (en) * 1982-11-25 1987-04-15 Vibro Ouest S.A. Externally insulated breeze-block and process for assembling such a block
FR2558867A1 (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-02 Schneider Charles Cladding panel made in precast reinforced concrete, with dynamic parietal insulation
FR2577255A1 (en) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-14 Manent Vincent Considerable improvements relating to isothermal corner building blocks
FR2588901A1 (en) * 1985-10-21 1987-04-24 Tuilerie Briqueterie Bressane Composite block
WO1998010156A1 (en) * 1996-09-06 1998-03-12 Polyplank Ab Method for interconnecting boards for forming a unit assembly and a unit assembly produced according to the method
EP1085137A1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-21 Fornaci Di Masserano Bruno Tarello S.R.L. An insulating enbloc for buildings
WO2006014038A1 (en) * 2004-07-31 2006-02-09 Jgb Co., Ltd. Architectural brick included a container
WO2006014039A1 (en) * 2004-07-31 2006-02-09 Jgb Co., Ltd. Architectural brick used to building works method
FR2927915A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-08-28 Alain Sergeant BUILDING BLOCK WITH INTEGRATED INSULATION.
EP2096221A3 (en) * 2008-02-26 2010-10-27 Alain Sergeant Construction block with built-in insulation
EP2116663A1 (en) 2008-05-08 2009-11-11 Stamford Consulting Limited Insulating composite block for the building industry, and method of manufacturing said block
EP2226444A2 (en) 2009-03-02 2010-09-08 Hirsch Porozell GmbH Wall and method for producing same
AT507526B1 (en) * 2009-03-02 2012-09-15 Hirsch Porozell Gmbh WALL
EP2226444A3 (en) * 2009-03-02 2013-06-05 Hirsch Porozell GmbH Wall and method for producing same
CN113090076A (en) * 2021-04-15 2021-07-09 北京林婉嫕空间艺术设计有限公司 Modular prefabricated integrated building construction system and construction method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3165198D1 (en) 1984-09-06
EP0041417B1 (en) 1984-08-01
FR2485063B1 (en) 1983-09-16
FR2485063A1 (en) 1981-12-24
ATE8805T1 (en) 1984-08-15

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