FR2949240A1 - Construction element for constructing e.g. heating wall of building, has studs anchoring pipelines and sheaths before installing facing, where height of each stud defines interstice between front wall and facing to receive pipelines - Google Patents

Abstract

The element (100) has a front wall (110) turned towards an inner side of a wall (M) of a dwelling or a building, where the element is made of material i.e. expanded polystyrene, whose thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.05 Watts/millikelvin. Studs (260) are projected from the front wall to fix an inner facing (Pi), where height of each stud defines an interstice (I) between the front wall and the facing to receive water and gas pipelines and sheaths (C) e.g. electric and electronic connection sheaths. The studs anchor the pipelines and the sheaths before installing the facing. An independent claim is also included for a method for constructing a wall.

Description

The present invention relates to a construction element of the type intended to be secured to other similar elements on at least one row to build a wall. In the patent FR-A-2 915 213 of the applicant is presented a block in one piece made of a thermally insulating material comprising two parallel flat walls, joined by sleeves separated by a gap. This block is used for the construction of basement walls. A row of blocks is deposited on a binder, while abutting them. F iron reinforcing bars are then placed on supports covering the sleeves. Concrete is poured between the two walls so that it can flow on the foundation to make the supporting structure of the wall. It is also possible to pass cables, sleeves in the sleeves. For this it is cut in the two walls, vis-à-vis the recessed portion of the sleeves, orifices for the passage of these pipes, these sheaths, through the basement wall.

By using construction elements manufactured in one piece, the inventor has sought a solution to build loadbearing walls to simplify the work of some trades involved in the construction of homes, buildings. For this purpose, is proposed a construction element intended to be secured to other similar elements on at least one row to construct a wall of a dwelling, a building, the element being of the type comprising a front wall for to be turned towards the interior side of the wall of the dwelling, of the building; according to the invention, studs are formed protruding on the front wall to fix an inner facing, the height of the studs delimiting a gap between the front wall and said facing, adapted to receive pipes, ducts, the pads also serving to hang, for example bypass, the pipes, ducts, before laying said facing. By allowing the siding to be offset, there is a gap between the building elements and the wall, which can house heating, air conditioning, ducts that can carry all kinds of fluids, electrical ducts, etc., and can be fixed on the studs or around the studs. These studs are then used for fixing the facing. It is easy to build heating or cooling walls.

The work of some tradespeople such as plumbers and electricians is simplified by preparing the connection spots of the plugs in the walls. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element is made of a material whose thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.05 W / mK.

The walls constructed have interesting characteristics in terms of thermal insulation. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the material is expanded polystyrene. It can be built at a low cost in a manufacturing mold.

According to an additional feature of the invention, the element consists of a monolithic parallelepiped block comprising a bottom wall intended to be turned towards the ground, an upper wall arranged facing each other so as to be turned towards the at least one passage passing through the construction element, opening perpendicularly through its bottom wall and its upper wall to receive a column or to pour concrete intended to constitute the vertical part of the supporting structure of the wall built with the elements. Said passage makes it possible to cast a post or to introduce into said passage a post constituting the supporting structure of the wall. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, two passages pass through the element so that a vertical well can remain at regular intervals through the superimposed rows of elements of the wall construction for the purpose of sinking or to house a pole. The post can thus cross the entire height of the wall. According to an additional feature of the invention, a recess is provided longitudinally in the upper wall intersecting with said or each passage to accommodate a reported beam or serve as a casting gutter a beam so that it can constitute the horizontal part of the supporting structure of the wall built with the elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element comprises a rear wall disposed vis-à-vis the front wall, these two walls being joined by two side walls, vertical grooves being provided in the side walls so that be poured, between two contiguous elements, a binder to join them.

According to an additional characteristic of the invention, grooves are provided in the dorsal wall to receive a binder capable of bonding an exterior facing to the wall constructed with the elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element comprises positioning means capable of allowing the superposition in the same plane of several rows of construction elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, the positioning means comprise a groove made longitudinally in the bottom wall, and two corresponding protuberances provided projecting from the upper wall, on either side of the recess, the width of the groove being greater than the width of the two protuberances allowing the element of higher rank to cap the protuberances of the lower rank element so as to wedge laterally without play, the two superimposed building elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, recesses exist under the protuberances and under the recess, opening through the bottom wall, to lighten the structure of the construction element. A method of constructing a wall consisting of joining at least one row of construction elements as just described is also part of the invention. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the method consists in constructing the supporting structure of the wall by casting concrete in the passages and / or in the recesses. The supporting structure is thus entirely located inside the building elements of the wall. It is then isolated from a thermal point of view by the front and rear walls of the elements so as not to form thermal bridges between the inside and the outside of the dwelling, the building. It is carried out quickly by pouring concrete into the cavities of the mold forming elements. In alternative solution, the method consists in constructing the supporting structure of the wall by introducing posts into wells formed by coaxial passages 30 existing in superimposed rows of elements. The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, said description being made in connection with the attached drawings, among which: FIG. . 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the top wall of a wall construction element according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the bottom wall of a wall construction element according to the invention, FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a wall construction element according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a front view of a wall construction element according to the invention, FIG. 5 is a top view of a wall construction element according to the invention, FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of two superimposed elements according to the invention, FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a corner joint assembly of two rows of wall construction members according to the invention, FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of two superposed rows of construction elements including two posts supporting a reported beam and constituting a bearing structure of a wall according to the invention, FIG. 9 is a sectional view of two superposed rows of construction elements including a cast load-bearing structure of a wall according to the invention, FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a wall constructed with construction elements according to the invention and FIG. 11 shows a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a wall constructed with building elements according to the invention. In Figs. 1 to 5 is shown a wall construction member 100 for use in association with others to erect a wall. It takes the form of a monolithic parallelepiped block, of a particular structure. It is advantageously manufactured in a material whose thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.05 W / mK. The element is, in an advantageous mode of manufacture, made of expanded polystyrene. The material is expanded in a manufacturing mold, making it possible to manufacture the construction element. The belt of the building element consists of a front wall 110, intended to be turned towards the interior of the house, the building delimited by the wall, a back wall 130 arranged vis-a-vis and which are joined by two side walls 150 and 160.

The building element 100 is further delimited by a bottom wall 170 intended to be turned towards the ground and an upper wall 190 arranged vis-a-vis to be turned upwards. To raise a wall, is deposited on a bed of mortar previously cast on the periphery of a slab, for example a freestanding slab type raft, a first row of elements abutting each other to delimit the perimeter, excluding openings, the house , of the building to be built. At least one other row of elements is deposited on the first and whose installation procedure is described in detail below to erect a wall.

At least one passage 200 passes through the construction element, opening perpendicularly through its bottom wall 170 and its upper wall 190 for casting a binder such as concrete to form a vertical post or, in alternative solution, the passage of a prefabricated post, such as a wooden or concrete post. In Figs. 2, 3 and 5, two passages 200a and 200b pass through the element 100 so that a vertical well may remain at regular intervals through the height of the rows of elements of the wall construction for the purpose of sinking or to house a pole. In FIG. 8, the wells passing through the two rows of building elements 100 bear the reference U. Two prefabricated P columns are also respectively housed in the U wells.

Visible on Figs. 1 and 6, a recess 220 is provided longitudinally in the upper wall 190 by crossing the passage or passages 200 to accommodate an insert beam adapted to rest on the top of posts passing through the element 100 of the upper row of the wall construction. This beam T resting on two posts P is shown in Figs. 8, 10 and 11. Only one post P is visible in FIGS. 10 and 11. The post and the beam are made of concrete in FIG. 10, while they are made of wood in FIG. 11. Posts and beams constitute the supporting structure of the wall. They are entirely located inside the building elements. They are not visible when the wall is built. Moreover, being covered by the front and back walls of the building elements, the supporting structure does not form a thermal bridge between the interior and exterior of the house, the building. The recess 220 can also be used as a gutter for pouring concrete capable of flowing by gravity through the passages 200 of the various rows of elements on the slab. The supporting structure is then formed of a one-piece assembly filling the passages, the recesses, comprising posts P and T beams as shown in FIG. 9. The posts may, however, consist of inserts and only the beams are then made by pouring concrete in successive steps.

As mentioned above, several rows of elements can be superimposed to build a wall. In order to align the row of construction elements of a higher rank with that of a lower rank, each construction element 100 is provided, as can be seen in FIG. 6, positioning means 230 capable of allowing the superposition in the same plane of several rows of building elements. These positioning means comprise a groove 232 made longitudinally in the bottom wall 170, and two corresponding protrusions 234 provided projecting from the upper wall 190, on either side of the recess 220. The width `E 'of the groove 232 is slightly larger than the width `e 'of the two protuberances 234 allowing the higher rank element to cap the protuberances 234 of the lower rank element to laterally wedge without play the two superimposed building elements. The side walls of the groove 212 are preferably flared so that the assembly of two superposed elements is achieved by jamming. In this FIG. 6, it will also be noted the presence of recesses 240 existing under the protuberances 234 and under the recess 220, opening through the bottom wall 170, to lighten the material structure of the building element. In Figs. 1 and 2, vertical grooves 250 appear in the side walls 150 and 160 so that, between two adjacent elements, a binder may be cast such as an adhesive suitable for bonding the polystyrene to join them together. Other grooves, preferably vertical 252, are also provided in the back wall 130 to introduce glue to attach to the building elements, the outer facing wall. In Figs. 10 and 11, this facing is referred to as 'Pe'.

Blades 254, visible in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, separate into several parts each of the protuberances 234 for casting glue to secure the element with another corresponding element of an upper row.

In Figs. 1 to 5, pads 260 project from the front wall 110. These pads are intended to allow the attachment of an inner facing wall. In Figs. 10 and 11, this facing is referred to as 'Pi'. It may consist of plasterboard plates. By shifting this facing of the front wall 110, a gap I remains between the building elements and the inner facing, in the wall built, and which is likely to house pipes dedicated to heating, pipes for the transport of gas, d water, sheaths of electrical connection, electronic, to wall outlets and in general all conduits carrying a fluid or through which pass electrical wires, optical fibers, etc. These different pipes have the reference C in these Figs. 10 and 11. The width of the gap I is equal to the height of the studs 260. Thus, when the wall was built and before fixing the inner facing Pi, it is advantageous to place these pipes C on the front wall 110 building elements by hanging them horizontally or bypassing on the pads 260 to pass them according to a predefined plan. It is thus possible to realize a circuit of pipes for the heating of the wall, its air conditioning. It is still possible to bring connection ducts so that they can then be connected to sockets in the interior facing. The inner face Pi is then fixed against the studs, by screwing or, preferably, by gluing. The inner face Pi may be provided with ventilation grids G able to evacuate any moisture remaining between the building elements and the inner facing Pi. The construction of a wall with elements of the invention is implemented by the following way. We build on a bed of mortar covering the periphery of a slab, building elements that we add one in the extension of the other or square at the corner of the future wall. Adhesive is introduced into the grooves 250 of the sidewalls arranged opposite each other, as well as on the periphery of their upper wall 190 and in the grooves 254. If necessary, the flatness of this first row is corrected. A second row of elements can then be deposited on the first one by shifting them longitudinally to align passages 200 at regular intervals. The other rows are laid in the same way. Given the relatively high height of the elements, only four rows are sufficient to mount a wall determining a conventional ceiling height of 2 m 20. The corner of a wall under construction is shown in FIG. 7. It will be noted that a side wall of a construction element is glued against studs of another element butted perpendicularly. When all the rows have been assembled and after drying the mortar and glue, proceed to the realization of the supporting structure of the wall. This load-bearing structure is entirely included in the construction elements so that it does not generate thermal bridges between the inside and the outside of the house. It is, moreover, completely invisible. In a first embodiment and with reference to FIG. 9, concrete is poured into the recesses 220 of the upper row of elements and the concrete comes down, by gravity, in the passages 200, the recesses 220 of lower row elements to finally come to anchor on the slab. After hardening of the concrete, a framework A, visible in Figs. 10 and 11, is deposited on the concrete structure present in the recesses of the building elements of the upper row. In a second embodiment, concrete is poured into the passages 200 of the upper row of elements and this concrete comes down, by gravity, in the passages 200, the recesses of the elements of lower ranks to come to anchor on the slab . After curing the concrete, T beams are deposited on the vertices of the column structure passing through the passages of the last row of elements. Concrete is poured into the space remaining in the recesses to secure these beams with the molded posts. After drying the concrete, a framework is deposited on these beams. In a third embodiment, and with reference to FIG. 8, posts made of concrete or wood are introduced into the passages 200 of the building elements so that they can take anchor in metal plates secured to the slab. These plates, not shown, are fixed before the installation of the building elements. T beams are then fixed to the ridge of the posts, mechanically for poles made of wood, by pouring a binder for poles made of concrete. Concrete can still be poured into the recesses of the upper row to form beams that will be bonded to the posts. A frame is then secured to these beams.

The construction element of the invention makes it possible to quickly build the belt walls of houses, buildings. The walls can easily integrate heating circuits, pipes, ducts to facilitate the work of plumbers, electricians.

The lightness of the walls built dispenses with providing foundations, basement walls and generally large earthworks. It provides the wall built thermal insulation qualities required by the standardization in force.

Claims (14)

CLAIMS1) Construction element (100) intended to be secured to other similar elements on at least one row to construct a wall of a dwelling, a building, the element being of the type comprising a front wall (110) intended to be turned towards the interior side of the wall of the dwelling, the building, characterized in that studs (260) are formed projecting on the front wall (110) to fix an inner facing (Pi), the height studs (260) delimiting a gap (I) between the front wall (110) and said facing, adapted to receive pipes, ducts (C), the studs (260) used to hang the pipes, the ducts (C) before laying said facing. 2) Building element (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of a material whose thermal conductivity is less than or equal to 0.05 W / mK. 3) Building element (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the material is expanded polystyrene. 4) Building element (100) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it consists of a monolithic parallelepiped block comprising a bottom wall (170) intended to be turned towards the ground, a top wall (190) disposed facing towards the top, at least one passage (200) passing through the construction element opening perpendicularly through its bottom wall (170) and its upper wall (190) for receiving a pole or pouring concrete to form the vertical part of the supporting structure of the wall built with the elements. 5) Building element (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that two passages (200a, 200b) pass through the element so that a vertical shaft (U) can remain at regular intervals through the rows of superimposed elements of the wall construction for the purpose of pouring or housing a post (P) therein. 6) Building element (100) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a recess (220) is provided longitudinally in the upper wall (190) intersecting with said or each passage (200) for accommodating a beam ( T) or poured gutter casting a beam (T) so that it can be the horizontal part of the supporting structure of the wall built with the elements. 7) Element of construction (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a rear wall (130) disposed vis-à-vis the front wall (110), these two walls being joined by two lateral walls (150, 160), vertical grooves (250) being provided in the side walls (150, 160) so that between two adjacent elements a binder can be cast to secure them. 8) Element of construction (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that grooves (252) are provided in the back wall (130) for receiving a binder capable of bonding an outer facing (Pe) to the wall constructed with the elements . 9) Element of construction (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises positioning means (230) capable of allowing the superposition in the same plane of several rows of building elements. 10) Construction element (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that the positioning means (230) comprise a groove (232) made longitudinally in the bottom wall (170), and two corresponding protuberances (234) provided in projection of the upper wall (190), on either side of the recess (220), the width (E) of the groove (232) being greater than the width (e) of the two protuberances (234) allowing the higher rank element to cap the protuberances (234) of the lower rank element so as to wedge laterally without play, the two building elements superimposed. 11) Building element (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that recesses (240) exist under the protuberances (234) and under the recess (220), opening through the bottom wall (170), to lighten the structure of the building element. 12) A method of constructing a wall (M) of joining in at least one row, building elements (100) according to any one of the preceding claims. 13) A method of constructing a wall (M) according to claim 12, characterized in that it consists in constructing the supporting structure of the wall (M) by casting concrete in the passages (200) and / or in the recesses (220). 14) A method of constructing a wall (M) according to claim 12, characterized in that it consists in constructing the supporting structure of the wall (M) by inserting poles (P) in wells (U) formed by passages (200) coaxial existing in superimposed rows of elements (100).