FR2915213A1 - FORMING ELEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WALL OF SUPPLY. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shuttering element (100, 100 ') for the construction of a basement wall. According to the invention, the shuttering element (100, 100 ') consists of a single piece made of a thermally insulating material, the element (100, 100') comprising a first planar wall (110), a second planar wall (120) forming at the end of the belt assembly of a plurality of elements (100, 100 '), on the one hand, a casing for pouring of concrete, and on the other hand, the inner and outer faces of the wall constructed, the two walls (110, 120) being disposed opposite each other by being joined by at least two sleeves (130) separated by a gap (I) .The formwork element is of a much lighter construction than a block used traditionally for the construction of such a wall. It confers on the basement wall built with such elements a quality of thermal insulation much better than that of a basement wall built with blocks. A method of construction of a basement wall, as well as a basement wall are also offered.

Description

The present invention relates to a formwork element for the construction

  a basement wall, a method of constructing a basement wall, and a basement wall. To erect a basement wall of a building such as a dwelling house, it is possible to implement the method proposed in patent FR-A-2 817 573 and which consists in placing in a juxtaposed way and in the direction of the the height of the blocks of blocks of a particular structure on a bed of mortar covering a binder forming a foundation previously cast in a trench belt construction. Each block has, in a side wall intended to be contiguous with a side wall of another block, a vertical groove able to receive concrete to secure it with the other block. Each block still has, in its wall intended to be turned upward, a U-shaped section forming formwork to receive concrete for horizontal chaining blocks. This construction technique is economical since only one row of blocks and one layer of binder are required to mount the basement wall. In addition, the concrete poured into the grooves between the blocks and in the excavations located above reinforces the structure of the wall. Although satisfactory, the applicant wished to make it even easier to build a basement wall, in particular by reducing the work of handling blocks whose mass is quite high. In addition, the applicant wanted to make this wall better insulated so that it meets the energy consumption requirements recommended in the texts of the Thermal Regulation (RT 2005). This objective is achieved by providing a formwork element for the construction of a basement wall which has the following characteristics.

  The formwork element, for the construction of a basement wall, consists of an integral part made of a thermally insulating material, the element comprising a first flat wall, a second flat wall forming at the end of the assembly belt of a plurality of elements, on the one hand, a formwork for pouring concrete and, on the other hand, the inner and outer faces of the wall built, the two walls being arranged opposite one another by being joined by at least two sleeves separated by a gap. The formwork element is of a much lighter construction than that of a block used traditionally for the construction of such a wall. It gives the basement wall built with such elements a quality of thermal insulation much better than that of a basement wall built with blocks. The concrete that can be poured between the sleeves forms an extremely resistant arch structure for the supporting part of the wall.

  According to an additional characteristic of the invention, each sleeve is hollowed out internally. The hollow structure of the sleeves makes it possible to lighten the shuttering element. After a cutting operation in the walls, in a location opposite the sleeves, there is also a passage for passing ducts or connecting ducts to the building. According to an additional feature of the invention, each sleeve has a structure having, in a plane traversing longitudinally the element, a U-shaped section returned with two parallel branches joined by a rounded intermediate branch so that the concrete can flow. easily around the sleeve and between the parallel branches of two adjacent sleeves. According to an additional feature of the invention, the sleeves are arranged parallel to the upper edges of the walls being recessed therefrom. Concrete can then cover the sleeves thus forming a belt chaining between the formwork elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, the sleeves are set back from the side edges of the walls. Concrete can also be poured between two neighboring elements ensuring a continuity of the arch structure of the carrying part of the wall.

  According to an additional feature of the invention, each sleeve is surmounted by a support adapted to locally support reinforcing irons for reinforcing the supporting structure of the basement wall. According to an additional feature of the invention, each support consists of an element connecting the two walls transversely, the support having a U-shaped section comprising two parallel branches secured respectively to the walls, and which are joined by an intermediate branch resting on the intermediate branch of the corresponding sleeve. The reinforcing irons can thus be placed in the element without touching its flat walls so that they are properly embedded in the concrete during pouring. In this way, a reinforced wall structure is obtained which has perfectly calibrated mechanical characteristics. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element is provided with an assembly means adapted to allow its assembly with another element, wherein the elements are mutually prolonged by being in contact by the lateral edges of the two walls. The shuttering element belt can be made quickly and accurately. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the assembly means consists of studs present on the lateral edges situated on the same side of the two walls and corresponding recesses present on the opposite lateral edges of the two walls, the studs an element that can be housed in the recesses of another element to assemble them to one another. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the walls are extended outwards and at their lower edges intended to be placed on the foundation by respectively two flanges intended to widen the base of the element on the foundation. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element is provided with a groove formed in the two flanges and which opens through the lower edges of the element, and inside thereof, so as to be able to receive the top edges of another formwork element. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element consists of two portions of formwork elements joined by their side edges and whose angle formed between them is greater than or equal to 90 and less than 180, each formwork element comprising a sleeve and a support. Advantageously, this angle is 90 or 120 for the construction of the corners of the basement wall. According to an additional feature of the invention, the element is manufactured by expanded polystyrene molding.

  A method of constructing a basement wall is also provided. According to the invention, the method consists in digging a trench in the ground delimiting the perimeter of the future building, casting a binder forming a foundation in the trench, to be placed end to end and in a contiguous manner on the foundation of the formwork elements defined above. , to place reinforcing irons between the walls of the elements, to reinforcement between the walls of the elements, to pour concrete between the walls of the elements. The construction of such a wall is much faster than a basement wall built with blocks, because the installation of the formwork elements is easier because of their low mass and especially the masonry operations of the prior art are replaced by a single concrete pouring operation between the walls of the assembled elements. According to an additional feature of the invention, the method consists, after the laying of the elements, to reduce the height of the walls of the elements which are turned towards the interior of the building, to sink the basement wall and a slab carried in one operation. According to an additional characteristic of the invention, the method consists in casting a floating slab inside the perimeter delimited by the elements and casting the basement wall with the same delivery of concrete.

  According to an additional feature of the invention, the method consists in superimposing several rows of elements, casting the basement wall, waiting for its setting, and then laying a floor. A basement wall is also proposed. According to the invention, the two faces of the wall are constituted respectively by two insulating walls from a thermal point of view, the central part of the wall being constituted by concrete, transverse passages being arranged through the central part of the wall at level of its lower part. According to an additional feature of the wall of the invention, the passages have an arch section and are surmounted by a chaining reinforced by reinforcing irons. The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, said description being made in connection with the attached drawings, among which: FIG. . 1 is a perspective view of a formwork element for the construction of a basement wall according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a formwork element for the construction of a basement wall according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows a side view of two superposed formwork elements for the construction of a basement wall capable of encircling a crawl space according to the invention, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a basement wall being constructed in accordance with the invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a basement wall constructed in accordance with the invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element for the construction of a basement wall according to the invention.

  A formwork member 100 for constructing a basement wall for a building, such as a dwelling house, is shown in FIG. 1. A belt assembly of these elements on a reinforced concrete foundation makes it possible to form a formwork which should then be filled with concrete for the realization of the basement wall.

  Element 100 is made of insulating and lightweight material such as expanded polystyrene. In addition to the formation of a formwork during the setting of the concrete, it also serves as thermal insulation wall built thus meeting the requirements of the Thermal Regulation: RT 2005. The element 100 thus comprises a first wall 110, a second wall 120 disposed in facing relation at a distance from one another and which are intended to form the inner side and the outer side of the wall, these walls are joined by at least two sleeves 130. Concrete can then be poured between the two walls to form the structure of the basement wall when the elements are juxtaposed and placed on the foundation. The walls 110 and 120 have a rectangular shape and are arranged parallel to each other and being placed opposite each other. In FIG. 2, the sleeves 130, three in number in this FIG. 1 are separated by a gap I allowing the poured concrete to go down bypassing the sleeves 130 so that it can take hold on the foundation by forming arches in the supporting structure of the wall. The sleeves 130 are arranged parallel to the upper edges 111 of the walls 110 and 120 by being set back from them in order to be able to cover the sleeves with concrete in order to form a belt chaining in the supporting structure of the basement wall. They are also set back from the side edges 112 of said walls so that the concrete can also flow between two neighboring elements 100 assembled to continue the arch support structure of the basement wall. In addition to the spacing function of the walls 110 and 120, the sleeves 130 also limit the amount of concrete needed to fill an element and therefore the amount of concrete necessary for the construction of the basement wall while providing sufficient strength. Each sleeve 130 is hollowed out internally. The hollow shape of the sleeves 130 makes it possible to lighten the construction of the shuttering element 100 and also constitutes a transverse sheath allowing the passage through the basement wall, at the end of its construction, of pipes or other connecting ducts. to the dwelling. Each sleeve 130 has a structure having, in a plane transverse to the element 100, an inverted U-shaped section, that is to say a structure in the form of an arch, comprising two parallel branches 131 and 132 joined by an intermediate branch 133 rounded so that the concrete can flow easily around the sleeve and between the parallel branches of two adjacent sleeves. In Figs. 1 and 2, each sleeve 130 is surmounted by a support 140 adapted to locally support reinforcing irons for reinforcing the supporting structure of the basement wall.

  In FIG. 2, each support 140 consists of an element transversely connecting the two walls 110 and 120. It has a U-shaped section comprising two parallel branches 141 and 142 secured respectively to the walls 110 and 120, which are joined by a branch intermediate 143 resting on the intermediate wall 133 of the corresponding sleeve 130. By this construction, the irons can be placed in these supports and are in this way well separated from the walls 110 and 120 so that they are always properly embedded in the concrete during pouring. The supporting structure of the basement wall is also reinforced and its mechanical characteristics are mastered. The formwork element 100 is provided with an assembly means 150 adapted to butt-join an element 100 with another, that is to say to provide an assembly in which the elements are mutually extended while being in position. contact by their side edges 112. The assembly means 150 is constituted in Figs. 1 and 2 of pads 152 present on the side edges 112a located on the same side of the two walls 110 and 120 and recesses 154 corresponding to the opposite side edges 112b of the two walls 110 and 120. The pads 152 of an element 100 can then be housed in the recesses 154 of another element to assemble them to one another. In FIG. 1, there are four studs 152 distributed on the two side edges 112a and four corresponding recesses 154 are formed on the side edges 112b and only two of them appear in broken lines. In FIG. 1, the walls 110 and 120 are extended outwards and at their lower edges 113, that is to say the edges intended to be placed on the foundation by respectively two flanges 160 for expanding the seat of the element 100 on the foundation to obtain a better stability of the belt built from assembled elements waiting to be filled with concrete. The flanges 160 also provide an increase in the rigidity of the walls 110 and 120, useful during the pouring of the concrete so as not to deform the formwork elements. In FIG. 3, and to build a basement wall of relatively high height, for example a basement wall encircling a crawl space, can be stacked two rows of formwork elements. For this purpose and to perfectly superimpose two elements, the formwork element 100 is provided with a groove 162 made in the two flanges 160 and which opens through the lower edges 113 of the element 100, and within this one.

  The distance separating the side walls of the groove 162 is approximately equal to the distance separating the upper edges 111 of the walls 110 and 120. It is thus possible to fit the upper edges 111 of a shuttering element 100 in the groove 162 of another element 100 as indicated by the arrows A.

  Before detailing the construction of a basement wall of the invention, it is useful to specify that the shuttering element 100 is manufactured in a mold by expansion of polystyrene beads under the effect of a circulation of steam in the mold previously filled with such polystyrene beads. The construction of a basement wall proceeds with reference to FIG. 4 as follows. Only a portion comprising two elements 100 is presented to illustrate its construction. A trench is dug out delimiting the perimeter of the building to be constructed. Concrete is poured into the trench to form the foundation N, then is placed by their flanges 160, a plurality of elements 100 on the concrete not yet hardened. They are interlocked with each other by their assembly means 150. Next, reinforcement bars F are placed on the supports 140. The alignment of the assembled elements is checked, adjusted as necessary, and then concrete B is poured between them. walls 110 and 120 of the elements 100. The concrete flows between the sleeves 130 to the foundation N where it binds with it. The concrete is poured until its level reaches the upper edges 111 of the elements 100 in order to coat the irons F. The solidifying concrete will constitute the supporting structure of the basement wall and the walls 110 and 120 will constitute thermal barriers capable of giving the wall excellent thermal insulation characteristics. To pass ducts or ducts inside the building, it is interesting to pass them through the sleeves 130. For this we can cut into the walls 110 is 120, vis-à-vis the recessed part sleeves 130, orifices O allowing the passage of these pipes, these sheaths, through the basement wall. A single orifice O appears in this FIG. 5.

  A built-in wall M is shown in FIG. 5. It comprises a carrier central portion C, reinforced by reinforcing bars F and recessed in its foot at regular intervals by passages P allowing the passage of pipes or ducts and on which are joined on both sides, two walls 110 and 120 of thermal insulation. The supporting central portion has an arch structure topped with a reinforced chaining by reinforcing irons. This structure is very resistant from a mechanical point of view. It is also economical in concrete. The general principle of construction of a basement wall of the invention which has just been described may be arranged according to the intended use thereof.

  For example, when the foundation incorporates a raised slab, it is interesting to cut, at the end of their installation, the walls of the elements which are turned towards the interior of the building, up to the level of the supports for irons. In this way, the basement wall and the slab can be cast in a single operation. It is also possible, when the foundation incorporates a floating slab, to pour the floating slab inside the perimeter delimited by the elements and to pour the basement wall with the same delivery of concrete. When a crawl space is provided, we can stack several rows of elements, sink the basement wall, wait for its setting, then lay the floor. When the floor is a slab also poured, we can place support bastaings on the periphery of the belt of elements then sink the wall and the slab in a single operation. The formwork element for the manufacture of a basement wall of the invention is of a very light construction compared to that of a block of blockwork conventionally used for the construction of such a wall and whose mass is around 20 kg. The weight of the formwork element is of the order of 3 kg. Its low mass reduces worker fatigue during handling and laying. It is also less expensive to manufacture than a breeze block. The construction of the basement wall is made faster since we can start laying the elements as soon as the foundation is poured. The bearing part of the wall is cast in a single operation, which gives it good mechanical strength characteristics. The basement wall of the invention reduces the heat loss of the building through its structure avoiding thermal bridges and thanks to its external insulating walls. Moreover, and thanks to the structure of its external walls, the basement wall is perfectly sealed. The cells molded into the wall by the presence of the sleeves in the formwork elements limit the amount of concrete needed for its construction. For its mechanical strength, the wall meets the technical rules relating to the execution of building work presented in the document DTU 23.1 (Unified Technical Documents). To construct the corners of the basement wall, the element 100 'presented in FIG. 6 has a square structure. It consists of two portions of formwork elements joined by their lateral edges, each portion each comprising a sleeve 130 and a support 140. The portions of elements are in this FIG. 6 joints at right angles. In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the junction of the portions of shuttering elements is performed at an angle of a value greater than 90 and less than 180, preferably at an angle of 120.

Claims (19)

  1) Formwork element (100, 100 ') for the construction of a basement wall, characterized in that it consists of a single piece made of a thermally insulating material , the element (100, 100 ') comprising a first planar wall (110), a second planar wall (120) forming at the end of the belt assembly of a plurality of elements (100, 100') , on the one hand, a formwork for pouring concrete and, on the other hand, the inner and outer faces of the wall constructed, the two walls (110, 120) being arranged facing each other while being joined by at least two sleeves (130) separated by a gap (I).   2) formwork element (100, 100 ') according to claim 1, characterized in that each sleeve (1:30) is hollowed out internally.   3) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to claim 2, characterized in that each sleeve (130) has a structure having, in a plane passing longitudinally through the element (100, 100'), a section in the form of U returned comprising two parallel branches (131, 132) joined by an intermediate branch (133) rounded so that the concrete can flow easily around the sleeve and between the parallel branches of two adjacent sleeves.   4) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the sleeves (130) are arranged parallel to the upper edges (111) of the walls (110, 120) while being set back from them.   5) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sleeves (130) are arranged behind the side edges (112) of the walls (110, 120).   6) formwork element (100, 100 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each sleeve (130) is surmounted by a support (140) adapted to locally support iron (F) for reinforcement intended reinforcement of the supporting structure of the basement wall.   7) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to claim 6, characterized in that each support (140) consists of an element transversely connecting the two walls (110, 120), the support (140) having a section U-shaped comprising two parallel branches (141, 142) secured respectively to the walls (110, 120), and which are joined by an intermediate branch (143) resting on the intermediate branch (133) of the sleeve (130) corresponding.   8) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided with an assembly means (150) adapted to allow its assembly with another elements (100, 100 '), wherein the elements (100, 100') extend mutually by being in contact with the side edges (112) of the two walls (110, 120).   9) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to claim 8, characterized in that the connecting means (150) consists of studs (152) present on the side edges (112a) located on one side of the two walls (110, 120) and recesses (154) corresponding to the opposite side edges (112b) of the two walls (110, 120), the studs (152) of a member (100, 100 ') can be housed in the recesses (154) of another element to assemble them to one another.   10) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the walls (110, 120) are extended outwardly and at their lower edges (113) intended to be placed on the foundation by respectively two flanges (160) for expanding the base of the element (100, 100 ') on the foundation.   11) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to claim 10, characterized in that it is provided with a groove (162) formed in the two flanges (160) and which opens through the lower edges (113) of the element (100, 100 '), and inside thereof, so as to be able to receive the upper edges (111) of another element (100, 100') formwork.   12) shuttering element (100 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of two portions of elements (100) of formwork joined by their side edges and whose angle formed between them is greater than or equal to 90 and less than 180, each formwork element comprising a sleeve (130) and a support (140).   13) shuttering element (100, 100 ') according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is manufactured by molding expanded polystyrene.   14) Method of constructing a basement wall (M) consisting of digging a trench (T) in the ground delimiting the perimeter of the future building, pouring a foundation binder (N) into the trench, to be placed end to end and in a contiguous manner on the foundation (N) of the elements (100, 100 ') of formwork defined according to any one of the preceding claims, to place reinforcing irons between the walls (110, 120) of the elements (100, 100') ), pouring concrete between the walls (110, 120) of the elements (100, 100 ').   15) A method of constructing a wall (M) underbody according to claim 14, characterized in that it consists of the end of the installation of the elements, to reduce the height of the walls of the elements which are turned towards the inside the building, to sink the basement wall and a slab carried in a single operation.   16) A method of constructing a wall (M) of underbody according to claim 14, characterized in that it consists in casting a floating slab inside the perimeter defined by the elements and casting the basement wall with the same delivery of concrete.   17) A method of constructing a wall (M) underbody according to claim 14, characterized in that it consists of superimposing several rows of elements (100, 100 '), to cast the basement wall, wait for its capture , then lay a floor.   18) Base wall (M) characterized in that its two faces are constituted respectively by two insulating walls (110, 120) from a thermal point of view, the central part (C) of the wall consisting of concrete, cross passages (P) being arranged through the central portion (C) of the wall (M) at its lower part.   19) Base wall (M) according to claim 18, characterized in that the passages (P) have an arch section and are surmounted by a reinforced chaining by reinforcing irons.